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Before vaccines were introduced, mobility restriction was one of the primary control measures in the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because different age groups face disproportionate health risks, differences in their mobility changes affect the effectiveness of pandemic control measures. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between multiscale mobility patterns in different age groups and COVID-19 transmission before and after control measures implementation. Data on daily confirmed case numbers, anonymized mobile phone data, and 38 socioeconomic factors were used to construct negative binomial regression models of these relationships in the Taipei metropolitan area in May 2021. To avoid overfitting, the socioeconomic factor dimensions were reduced by principal component analysis. The results showed that inter-district mobility was a greater promoter of COVID-19 transmission than was intra-district mobility (coefficients: pre-alert, 0.52 and 0.43; post-alert, 0.41 and 0.36, respectively). Moreover, both the inter-district mobility of people aged 15–59 and ≥ 60 years were significantly related to the number of confirmed cases (coefficients: pre-alert, 0.82 and 1.05; post-alert, 0.48 and 0.66, respectively). The results can help agencies worldwide formulate public health responses to emerging infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before vaccines were introduced, mobility restriction was one of the primary control measures in the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because different age groups face disproportionate health risks, differences in their mobility changes affect the effectiveness of pandemic control measures. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between multiscale mobility patterns in different age groups and COVID-19 transmission before and after control measures implementation. Data on daily confirmed case numbers, anonymized mobile phone data, and 38 socioeconomic factors were used to construct negative binomial regression models of these relationships in the Taipei metropolitan area in May 2021. To avoid overfitting, the socioeconomic factor dimensions were reduced by principal component analysis. The results showed that inter-district mobility was a greater promoter of COVID-19 transmission than was intra-district mobility (coefficients: pre-alert, 0.52 and 0.43; post-alert, 0.41 and 0.36, respectively). Moreover, both the inter-district mobility of people aged 15–59 and ≥ 60 years were significantly related to the number of confirmed cases (coefficients: pre-alert, 0.82 and 1.05; post-alert, 0.48 and 0.66, respectively). The results can help agencies worldwide formulate public health responses to emerging infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Robust PU/SiO 2 nanohybrids with a tensile strength of 35.5 MPa and over 700 % elongation at break. • Nanohybrids prepared from polymer waste conversion process with an approximately 98% functional group selectivity. • Nanohybrids exhibiting particle sizes ranging from 100 to 500 nm. • PU/SiO 2 membrane involving CO 2 reuse with a P CO2 of 24.02 barrer, and a selectivity of 32.85 (α CO2/N2). • Gas separation membranes for CO 2 capture and storage from post-consumption materials. In this study, polymer nanocomposite membranes with recyclability were developed to achieve good mechanical properties and gas permeability in the consumption of a recycled polymeric material. The newly developed process has been realized through the conversion of waste PC to afford key intermediates containing alkoxysilane and phenolic groups. The alkoxysilanes would act as the nucleation sites for sol–gel reactions, whereas the phenolic groups further provided active hydrogens for click reactions in the production of polyurethane/silica (PU/SiO 2) nanohybrids, exhibiting microcavity to facilitate gas molecules diffusion for membrane with improved gas permeability. Moreover, the additional use of aliphatic polycarbonate polyol provided enhanced CO 2 solubility for gas separation membranes of the PU/SiO 2 nanohybrids with a P CO2 permeability of 24.02 barrer and a selectivity of 32.85 (α CO2/N2), which approached the 2008 Robeson upper bounds. Moreover, the joint presence of polycarbonate polyol and silica in the nanohybrids led to high-performance elastomeric properties, with tensile strengths of 35.5 MPa and over 700 % elongation at break, results that exceeded those of previously reported PU-based gas separation membranes. Notably, this PC recycling process featured the newly formed carbamate groups as the reaction sites, enabling the recyclability of PU/SiO 2 nanohybrids as the gas separation membranes for CO 2 capture and storage in post-consumption materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • N-methylphenothiazine derived redox ionic liquid (NMP-IL) was synthesized. • NMP-IL shows superior ionic conductivity with high thermal stability. • An extremely low-driving voltage (0.6 V) electrochromic device (ECD) was reported. • The proposed ECD gives a large transmittance change and coloration efficiency. • The ECD exhibits good long-term cycling stabilities at elevated temperatures. A novel N-methylphenothiazine based ionic liquid (NMP-IL) was designed for achieving low-driving voltage electrochromic device (ECD) with thermal durability. NMP-IL was synthesized via a five-step reaction, including thionation, methylation, substitution, ionization, and anion exchange. By chemically bonding with the ionic liquid, NMP-IL exhibited a large optical contrast and high thermal stability simply to take the advantages of both NMP and ionic liquid features. Compared to NMP, NMP-IL would provide the electrolyte with a higher ionic conductivity, thus reducing the driving voltage of the ECDs. Most importantly, an extremely low-driving voltage (0.6 V) ECD based on NMP-IL and nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) thin film, known as the ion storage layer, was further demonstrated. The proposed NMP-IL/NiHCF ECD accomplished a large transmittance change of 56.6% at 575 nm, a desirable coloration efficiency of 166 cm2/C, and attenuated 120.9 W/m2 solar irradiance between bleached state and colored state with a minimal consumed power per unit area of 1.08 W/m2. Besides, impressive long-term stabilities of the proposed ECDs, under both room temperature (92.3% retention of its original ΔT after 10,000 cycles) and high temperature (80.2% retention of its original ΔT after 3,000 cycles at 65 °C), were achieved. These merits reveal that NMP-IL has the potential to become the new anodically coloring material for application in energy-saving ECDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]