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In order to advance civil aircraft manufacturing to higher levels, there is an urgent need to identify technological innovation opportunities to help new technology development. This paper first analyses the current state of the research field and determines the topic. It preprocesses papers and patents within the research topic to obtain a base database. Then, the database is analyzed using the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Analysis) cluster analysis method. The TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) algorithm processes the data to obtain critical technical words. The abstracts of patents and papers are processed to construct a binary-based vector of technical keywords. The papers and patents are visualized in a two-dimensional space technology map by generative topographic mapping (GTM) to create a technology map to identify technology blank dots. The combination of technologies characterized by each technology blank dot is obtained by GTM inverse mapping. Finally, technology opportunities with a high probability of development are identified to achieve innovation opportunity identification. It also provides countermeasures for the research institution, enterprise, sector, and industry. After research and analysis, the future in the mechanical connection technology of civil aircraft is necessary to strengthen basic technology development and improve the study of intelligence, integration, and flexibility. Technology such as sensors and lasers can improve the precision and efficiency of mechanical connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese art of paper folding called origami has underlying principles that can help in the development of complex metamaterial structures. The purpose of the paper is to design, model, and analyze a feasible, more sustainable impact absorbing structure. There has been continuous development in the field of space science and aerodynamics, which has led us to encounter a lot of challenges. One of such challenges is smooth landing of objects. We started by creating tessellations with the help of Miura ori fold to get a repeating structure of the TCO (Triangulated Cylindrical Origami) with an aim to create a general-purpose design for Impact absorbing applications. A comparison between origami TCO’s sheets, hexagonal sandwich sheets, and cardboard corrugated sheets was made. The TCO cells are better at absorbing energy absorption due to their physical structure. The result shows that the Origami TCO sheets exceed the traditional honeycomb and corrugated sheets. As the model we developed is a general-purpose design, it can be upscaled or downscaled depending on its required application, which can range from nano technology to space technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the rapid advancements in space technology and the increasing complexity of space missions, there is a growing need for efficient and effective approaches to tackle the multifaceted challenges faced by space systems. Traditional methods often fall short in providing comprehensive support throughout the entire life cycle of space systems. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel parallel space system architecture based on ACP (artificial systems, computational experiments, and parallel execution) and explores its applications in the design, development, and operation of space systems. The proposed architecture integrates artificial systems with actual space systems and employs computational experiments to generate extensive sample data. This approach enhances the accuracy of the artificial systems' model and optimizes the performance of the real systems, facilitating parallel advancements between the two. The design, development, and operation processes of Q-Sat, implemented using the ACP framework, serve as a case study to illustrate the advantages of parallel space systems. Following adjustments made to the discrepancies between parallel systems under the ACP-based space system framework, the accuracy of missing orbit compensation improved by 86.5%, and the 24-hour forecast positional error was reduced by approximately 65 m. Furthermore, this paper discusses future trends, emphasizing the increasing efficiency and reliability of digitized, integrated, and adaptive space systems. The findings contribute to the understanding of parallel space systems and provide valuable insights for further advancements in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The space economy, which refers to the diverse economic activities and industries that are related to outer space and space exploration, has been steadily growing over the years and has become a significant driver of technological innovation and economic growth. The growth of the space economy has been facilitated by technological advancements, reduced launch costs, and increased participation from private companies. This paper explores a new geographic space called "Mearth", representing the Moon and Earth as a unified space. Specifically, the paper focuses on the innovations developed within the Mearth ecosystem that can contribute to an improved future. It is a conceptual-theoretical paper aiming to identify viable solutions to attract investments, generate technologies, and establish a new ecosystem within the novel geographic space of Mearth. This contribution supports the view that the coopetition strategy - essentially entailing cooperation among competitors - could represent the most suitable approach to join efforts to implement Mearth's economic system and its ecosystem. The primary reason lies in this strategy's ability to align the divergent interests of the ecosystem stakeholders. In terms of outcomes, the paper shows that a coopetition strategy leads to win-win solutions and will benefit all stakeholders in the Mearth ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global community, with coordination from the United Nations, is energized to pursue the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a list of 17 important aspirations that summarize the key challenges of our era. The SDGs apply to every nation and represent an international effort to eliminate extreme poverty, ensure access to safe drinking water, strengthen food security, and produce clean and reliable energy, among other pursuits. Space technology is already being used around the world to advance progress toward the SDGs and monitor their related Indicators. This paper explores how six technologies related to space—satellite Earth observation, satellite communication, satellite navigation and positioning, human spaceflight and microgravity research, space technology transfer, and basic scientific research—are being used to realize the vision that the SDGs represent. The paper also discusses the obstacles that limit the application of these technologies for the SDGs and provides an overview of potential paths to overcome these barriers. The paper finally studies the historical and potential roles that four distinct types of entities involved in global sustainable development—governments, non- and inter-governmental organizations, entrepreneurial companies, and universities— have played or may play in the application of space technologies towards the SDGs. • Six space technology areas are shown to support the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. • Examples of space projects that support the SDGs are found in many sectors. • New designs for technology are needed to improve effectiveness of space applications for the SDGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced a new nonexplosive roadway excavation method, combining the reserved free space technology and the static expansion mechanical fracturing technology, where the former is implemented by the gasbag, while the piston splitter is for the latter. The numerical model of roadway excavation was set up via PFC3D to investigate the mechanical fracturing performance, including the single-hole fracturing and the hole network fracturing. The results show that the reasonable hole margin is about 1.0–1.5 m, and the optimal column spacing of the hole network pattern is 1.0 m, after comprehensively analyzing the fracturing performance and the splitting force evolution. Moreover, the mechanical fracturing excavation method was applied to construct a parking chamber in the Kalatongke Mine, to preliminarily verify the feasibility of the static expansion mechanical fracturing technology. The in situ investigation results indicate that the excavation footage is about 0.8 m with the piston splitter when adopting a hole margin of 1.0–1.5 m. To sum up, the preliminary field application and the numerical simulation result both support the feasibility of mechanical fracturing, and the reasonable fracturing hole margin is about 1.0 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep space exploration activities can effectively promote the development and application of space technology, which holds significant scientific and strategic value. Detectors operating in deep space are of long mission periods and substantial distance from Earth, posing challenges in timely resource replenishment. Moreover, scheduled missions may face external uncertainties, hindering their smooth execution. Therefore, resource constraint processing strategies that possess dynamic adjustment capabilities play a crucial role in ensuring the successful execution of deep space detectors. Existing methods mainly focus on studying fixed mission sequences, and the efficiency of planning methods is not high. Specifically, the single uncertainty is only considered, and there is a lack of detection and processing mechanisms, rendering the requirements of deep space detectors inadequate. In this paper, we propose a reverse chain search algorithm, aiming to efficiently plan missions subject to resource constraints and let the mission sequence to possess a certain degree of dynamic repair capability. The results have demonstrated that the resource allocated to each mission is within the resource value range. Compared with the classic algorithm, the proposed algorithm has fewer iterations and whose maximum flow value is accurate. Meanwhile, the potential resource constraints problem during execution can be alerted with the detection and warning system. The missions that were warned are repaired by a dynamic resource repair system, and the proposed algorithm is of higher efficiency and a certain ability to resist external uncertainties. Overall, this paper lays a solid foundation for the processing of resource constraints for deep space detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World heritage sites are monuments and natural landscapes recognised by all humanity as being of outstanding significance and universal value. Spatial technology provides new ideas for the conservation and sustainable development of world heritage sites. Using a bibliometric analysis, this study extracted 401 relevant documents from the Web of Science database from 1990–2022. Meta information, such as abstracts, keywords of the papers were extracted and cleaned using bibliometric package and analysed the applications, partnerships and development trends of existing spatial technologies for world heritage sites. The results of the study show the "4D" characteristics of space technology in world heritage sites: (1) Development: Spatial applications in world heritage sites have gradually developed with an annual growth rate of 10.22% during the period 1990–2022. (2) Discrepancy: More than 70 per cent of countries have not been able to fully apply space technology on the ground at world heritage sites. (3) Desirability: Shared exchanges between research institutions are rare, and more cooperation and exchanges are expected, especially between transnationals. (4) Diversity: The future outlook for technology will be multidisciplinary, multi-method integrated research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of space technology and satellite communications, low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks have experienced rapid development in the past decade. In the vision of 6G, LEO satellite networks play an important role in future 6G networks. On the other hand, a variety of applications, including many delay-sensitive applications, are continuously emerging. Due to the highly dynamic nature of LEO satellite networks, supporting time-deterministic services in such networks is challenging. However, we can provide latency guarantees for most delay-sensitive applications through data plane traffic shaping and control plane routing optimization. This paper addresses the routing optimization problem for time-sensitive (TS) flows in software-defined low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks. We model the problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) model aiming to minimize path handovers and maximum link utilization while meeting TS flow latency constraints. Since this problem is NP-hard, we design an efficient longest continuous path (LCP) approximation algorithm. LCP selects the longest valid path in each topology snapshot that satisfies delay constraints. An auxiliary graph then determines the routing sequence with minimized handovers. We implement an LEO satellite network testbed with Open vSwitch (OVS) and an open-network operating system (ONOS) controller to evaluate LCP. The results show that LCP reduces the number of path handovers by up to 31.7% and keeps the maximum link utilization lowest for more than 75% of the time compared to benchmark algorithms. In summary, LCP achieves excellent path handover optimization and load balancing performance under TS flow latency constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In low-altitude rescue, civilian helicopters, relying on their speed, efficiency and flexibility, play at center stage. Due to the terrain restrictions of the disaster area, it is difficult for helicopters to carry out safe and efficient rescue in cities. In order to facilitate emergency rescue, fixed helicopter takeoff and landing points for rescue missions must be selected strategically and wisely. However, the traditional method is to analyze the satellite data and conduct field surveys manually, which is rather subjective. A scientific, simple and efficient method of location selection is in urgent need. This paper analyzes the normativeness of the location of the helicopter's take-off and landing point and establishes a model of the slope and undulation of the landing site. It utilizes ArcGIS software to build layers and selects for the terrain element models that meet the specifications. It also studies the rescue radius commonly used in the world and then maximizes the location range of the take-off and landing point based on the greedy algorithm. Considering the construction cost, the final optimized site selection result is obtained. The results show that the use of GIS space technology can effectively select suitable take-off and landing points and gain valuable time for low-altitude rescue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some geographically challenging areas (such as deserts, seas, and forests) where direct connectivity to a terrestrial network is difficult, space communication is the only option. In these remote locations, Internet of Space Things (IoST) applications can also be used successfully. In this paper, the proposed payload for IoST applications demonstrates how an Automatic Identification System (AIS) and a fire detection system can be used effectively. A space mission based on efficient and low-cost communication can use a constellation of nanosatellites to better meet this need. These two applications, which use a constellation of nanosatellites, can provide relevant university-level data in several countries as an effective policy for the transfer of space technology in an educational initiative project. To enhance educational participation and interest in space technology, this paper shares the lessons learned from the project feasibility study based on an in-depth design of a nanosatellite with several analyses (data budget, link budget, power budget, and lifetime estimation). Lastly, this paper highlights by experiments the development and application of a cost-effective sensor node for fire detection and the use of GPS to enable AIS capabilities in the IoST framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Human resources development aided the developing space program of the Philippines. • Most of the selected personnel for training came from the academia. • Trainees taken from the industry followed later to support the push for space. • Most of trained personnel opted to stay in the country to support the space program. The Philippines has experienced a shift of interest in space technology development and utilization over the past decade, culminating with the establishment of its national space agency in 2019. In cooperation with different universities in Japan, the Philippines successfully developed and launched two microsatellites, DIWATA-1 and DIWATA-2, and six nanosatellites, MAYA-1 to MAYA-6. By sending personnel to Japan and other space-faring countries, the country was able to rapidly ramp up its satellite development and utilization capabilities. In this paper, we examine and evaluate the complex human resources development efforts conducted by the country to support the creation of a local space ecosystem and ensure its long-term sustainability. Through a careful review, we identify how many people benefited from training programs, studies abroad or other forms of capacity building, and how these skilled individuals were retained in the budding Filipino space sector. Precisely, we looked at the backgrounds of the different people trained by the country, what type of training they received (funding, location, and duration), and how they are supporting the local space ecosystem at the time of writing this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), officially named as Danuri, is the Republic of Korea's first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. The goal of KPLO is to secure core deep space technology for future space exploration in Korea and contribute to lunar science by gathering data from the lunar orbit for one year. This paper presents the results of KPLO's Lunar Orbit Acquisition (LOA) phase in detail, with a particular focus on the operational results of Flight Dynamics (FD). During the LOA phase, the KPLO FD team experienced many expected and unexpected issues. These issues were mitigated by making real-time updates to the LOA phase Design Reference Mission (DRM). The paper also presents the results of the Orbit Determination (OD) and performance of each Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) maneuver conducted during the actual flight operation. The importance of considering operational constraints when designing the DRM is emphasized by presenting lessons learned based on actual flight experiences. Unlike the original KPLO LOA phase DRM, KPLO successfully achieved the final mission orbit using only three LOI burns, instead of the planned five LOI burns and an Orbit Trim Maneuver (OTM). Despite the extensive revisions made to the DRM, all mission requirements were still fulfilled during the final lunar orbit insertion, taking into account the significant operational constraints. • Real flight operation results of the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter's lunar orbit acquisition phase are presented. • Orbit determination and lunar orbit insertion maneuver performance are analyzed based on actual flight data. • Unexpected issues during the actual flight operation were mitigated through real-time updates on the design reference mission. • Considering real-world operational constraints while designing the design reference mission is very critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Future space projects will require space AI and robotics technology to construct, repair, and maintain satellites and space structures in orbit. The first paper is a survey paper on recent research and development activities on space robotics and AI, which introduces updated space programs and advanced technologies for future missions. Space robotics including Al is a key technology for planetary exploration as well as orbit service. [Extracted from the article]

This paper examines the role that models and replicas typically play in aerospace museums, which is to use them as references for the original or final product. Using the BepiColombo Structural Thermal Model currently on display at the Science Museum as well as other models in the Exploring Space gallery as examples, this paper argues that looking at models as objects in their own right offers more diverse and inspiring narratives for visitors. It presents opportunities to showcase the complex development process for space technology, uncovers surprising stories, and helps to debunk the traditional narrative of progress and advancement that science and technology museums often adopt. BepiColombo is a joint mission to Mercury developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency (JAXA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their high design freedom and excellent performance, lattice structures have shown outstanding capabilities and great potential in aeronautics and astronautics fields. In this paper, we propose a method to construct lattice structures by parameterizing biological features. An ant-leg configuration is used as the bionic object to generate a bionic lightweight design with a gradient lattice structure. To achieve the above goal, an innovative optimization method combining topology optimization, size optimization, and a bionic lattice structure is proposed in this paper. Taking the support structure of the Fengyun-3 satellite payload as the research object, this optimization method is applied to optimize the design. Further, the reconstructed optimization model and the original model are simulated to evaluate and compare the structural performance. The simulation results show that when combined with bionic lattice structure and structural optimization, the method can achieve the lightweight design goal while ensuring the stiffness and strength of the structure. The results demonstrate that the application of a bionic lattice design in a lightweight design has feasibility and expectable potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The satellite technology proves its impact in the modern era with its wide benefits and applications. However, the cost of the development in this field presents gaps in many countries, almost the developed countries. Therefore, this paper provides a rich platform around low-cost sensors in order to improve maturity in space technology, mostly the system of attitude determination and control. The development of this knowledge turns out to be very interesting in order to achieve a space mission which leads to the progression of the spatial technology readiness level (TRL) defined by the international measurement scale which is able to estimate the technological maturity. Thus, the idea is carried out for the development of low-cost sensors' system for attitude determination around an Arduino board. A sensor fusion method was applied on three types of sensors: accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope in order to detect the reliable orientation. It is aimed to apply quaternion based Kalman filter on different platform than previous systems. It is succeeded therefore to improve measurement accuracy around low-cost sensor to achieve the main goal of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of commercial space technology, low-orbit large-scale satellite constellation has shown great development potential in communication services and military applications due to its advantages of low delay, strong signal, high coverage rate, fast communication rate, and low cost of mass production. It has become an urgent problem in the field of satellite constellations to study the perturbation evolution law of low-orbit large-scale constellation initialization and orbit maintenance, and how to maintain and control the deployment and initialization of low-orbit satellite constellations efficiently, economically, and stably. In this paper, the satellite motion law, constellation configuration evolution characteristics, and constellation initialization control strategy are analyzed considering the perturbation of earth's nonspherical gravity and atmospheric drag under the orbit deviation of satellite orbit elements. Firstly, MonteCarlo simulation was used to simulate the deviation of satellite initial orbit elements, and the evolution law of ascending ascension point and phase angle of different constellations was analyzed and, secondly, establish the initialization phase constellation deployment and the ascending node right ascension deployment of mathematical equations, using Starlink constellation (V1.0-L3, 8) satellite TLE data; initialization of Leo constellation orbit plane is analyzed, by considering the orbit bias satellite simulation data; the same orbital plane satellite initialization phase deployment method is analyzed; finally, this paper provides some suggestions for the future deployment and maintenance control strategy of low-orbit constellation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, governments have relied on space systems for intelligence gathering and satellite connectivity in remote areas, but today's situation marks a distinct break with the past. Extended coverage, advances in digital technologies and, importantly, free and/or commercial availability of space products allow many new uses by both government and non-government actors. This brings important benefits for users and citizens, but also leads to new challenges in terms of data management; infrastructure and supply chain resilience; and international co-operation. This paper, expanding on an OECD Policy Note on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine, uses illustrations from the war to highlight recent developments in the sector, placing them in a broader context of digitalisation and government space investments. It discusses the implications of the growing importance of space technologies for society and suggests policy options and resources from other strains of OECD work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a parallel computing analysis model HPM and analyzes the parallel architecture of CPU–GPU based on this model. On this basis, we study the parallel optimization of the ray-tracing algorithm on the CPU–GPU parallel architecture and give full play to the parallelism between nodes, the parallelism of the multi-core CPU inside the node, and the parallelism of the GPU, which improve the calculation speed of the ray-tracing algorithm. This paper uses the space division technology to divide the ground data, constructs the KD-tree organization structure, and improves the construction method of KD-tree to reduce the time complexity of the algorithm. The ground data is evenly distributed to each computing node, and the computing nodes use a combination of CPU–GPU for parallel optimization. This method dramatically improves the drawing speed while ensuring the image quality and provides an effective means for quickly generating photorealistic images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no doubt that space matters in today's time. We have become highly reliant on space science and technology; life without it cannot be imagined. No one can deny the significance of space safety. Thus, for the smooth functioning of life, there is a need for safety and security in outer space. So, it would not be wrong to say that we are at the mercy of these new space technologies. Currently, space debris has been facing universal embryonic challenge to the sustainable activities of outer space, and if not coped at the earliest, the world would face titanic catastrophe. From the preceding decades, there have been some crashing episodes that heightened the space debris build-up, and the speed at which myriad space activities have caused the production of debris. Such huge congregation of debris can pose dangers to the working space satellites. It could also fetch numerous challenges at the same time. In addition, the tremendous development in space technology, involvement of private sector in space activities, Anti Satellite tests adventure of space powers, weaponization and commercialization (space tourism) has made outer space more vulnerable. Presently, there is a dearth of stringent space laws with regards to the proliferation of space debris. So, these issues can have an impact on the long-term sustainability of space activities. Progressing and advanced space faring nations have found the worth of a proficient International Regime that can play a vital role for ordering, overseeing, and managing the research and advancement of space. The paper will magnet the attention towards the real legal, technical, financial and managerial facts. Some countries are capable of removing space debris but encounter many obstacles while applying such actions. Besides who will bear the expense for the removal of space debris as its prerequisites giant sum of money. This paper is going to put forward an independent international space regime (ISR). In order to meet the financial issues this paper proposed to establish a Global Debris Removal Fund. The old-fashioned space law regime is the core obstruction for the debris removal procedure. Finally, it is desirable that all legal issues be fixed through the innovative procedures and reformed international space law (ISL) system with inclusive coordination and co-operation. Thus, it would be the perfect ISR for the resolutions of remediation and mitigation of space debris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the development of space-age aesthetics culture and arts in seven decades since 1950s. The first known use of "space-age" was in 1946, and was defined as "of, relating to, or befitting the age of space exploration." A more popular definition for the "space age" is "The space age is the time period in human history related to the space race, space exploration, and space technology. Most people say this started when Sputnik 1 was launched in 1957, and continues to today. This has influenced culture such as in movies, television, music, art, and architecture." Culture, in the anthropology, is the patterns of behaviour and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share. Culture distinguishes one human group from others. It also distinguishes humans from other animals. A people's culture includes their beliefs, rules of behaviour, language, rituals, art, technology, styles of dress, ways of producing and cooking food, religion, and political and economic systems. Therefore, the space-age art is one of the major elements of the space-age culture of human beings. On the other hand, the space exploration has significant inspiration and influence on the aesthetics art. In particular, the following aspects shall be studied in this paper: architecture and exhibition craftworks. • The space-age architecture and exhibition craftworks were investigated. • Five space-age architecture shapes investigated are disc, rocket, tower, spherical and combined. • Three space-age installation craftworks studied are sky waves, embroidery, planet models, etc. • Many space-age architectures are destroyed due to many reasons. • Hopefully the young generations can be inspired to carry forward these precious heritages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern astronautics problems require methods of tractable uncertainty quantification for problems with data in a variety of mathematical spaces. Polynomial Chaos Expansions (PCEs) enable tractable uncertainty propagation, sensitivity analysis, and provide a surrogate model to efficiently solve stochastic optimization problems. Existing PCE methods are mostly isolated to bases defined via tensor products of univariate functions over subdomains of the real line or integers. The goal of this work is to incorporate random vectors on the n-dimensional sphere, thereby extending the use of PCEs to problems that include spacecraft attitude uncertainty. Random inputs with probability densities on the n-sphere are generally correlated. When directional random inputs are independent, products of univariate functions fail to produce an orthogonal basis. Basis functions must preserve the periodic response of the system produced by the underlying structure of the domain. This paper presents an approach to generating an orthogonal basis with respect to a density function on the n-sphere by combining hyperspherical harmonics with an orthogonalization procedure based on the raw moments of the harmonic functions. For highly concentrated densities on the unit sphere, the spherical cap harmonics provide a more numerically stable solution while preserving periodicity. Numeric errors in the proposed procedure are presented for multiple cases. Performance of the PCEs is quantified when propagating uncertainty for a highly eccentric orbit with a random translational maneuver error, and a second case based on rigid-body dynamics with the attitude state parameterized as a quaternion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research on space technology applications has revealed a growing demand for deployable structures with large apertures. Numerous deployable structures that can form a single closed loop have been developed with a total weight limitation. The main purpose of this paper is to present an equivalent parameterized mechanical modeling method that is appropriate for an annular tensegrity structure, which is a tensioned structure that is intended for antenna applications with an aperture range of 30–100 m. In this model, the solutions of geometrically nonlinear problems for the cables and beams of the hoop are presented. Both the kinetic energy and potential energy are identified, which are represented by the velocity of the node component and strain component, respectively, of the beam members in the hoop unit of the parameterized hoop structure. Then, the behaviors of the eigenvalues and vibration modes for this tensegrity structure based on dynamic analysis are also investigated. Additionally, the effect on dynamic performance is demonstrated when the structural parameters are changed. The sensitivity of the structural parameters to dynamic characteristics is separately analyzed. The priority approaches to improving the overall stiffness of the structure when employing different hoop configurations are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has realized that it is difficult to establish enough standards to meet the market demand in some innovative fields by relying on government standards alone. The social organization standards developed by non-governmental organizations and social organizations are developing rapidly. This paper analyzes the current development and existing problems of social organization standards in the field of Chinese civil astronautics, takes the data of the national social organization standards information platform as the research object, and conducts mining and key analysis by extracting important data such as standard type, standard publication and implementation time, and standard disclosure, put forward suggestions to strengthen the building of social organization standardization capabilities, improve public recognition, and promote the development of technology in the field of civil astronautics in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a historical case study, this contribution develops a framework for studying the industrial dynamics of complex products and systems (CoPS). The case study focuses on the spacecraft industry from 1957 to 2011. It is suggested that the main drivers of the dynamics of this typical CoPS industry are changes in long-term demand behavior. The main hypothesis formulated in this contribution states that customers' purchasing policies are underpinned by a set of heterogeneous motives (i.e., defense and security, political prestige, science and technology, macroeconomic benefits and profit-seeking) that evolve over time in response to changes in contextual variables. Within this framework, the paper examines the long-term relationships between customer motives on the one hand and the size (i.e., number of spacecraft launched) and segmentation (i.e., application domains of space technology) of the spacecraft market on the other hand. It shows that the dynamics of spacecraft industry resides on changes affecting customers' motives, the latter behaving as lead users of a particular type. Indeed, customers are organizations and institutions which contribution to technological development goes far beyond bringing technical and non-technical, market-oriented, knowledge and competencies through collaboration with firms. In doing so, the paper proposes a conceptual framework based on the characterization of customer motives to study how demand behaviors affect the dynamics of CoPS industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Research on possible scenarios of implementing AI in nanosatellite constellations. • Challenges, applications and possible strategies in Low Earth Orbits, Transfer Region and Lunar Orbits is discussed. • Several examples and major necessities have been included. • Figures portray severe issues to applications and strategic ways to adopt the AI in nanosat constraints is shown in detail. • The future prospects and ways to step-wise organize and implement AI is discussed. The small satellites have been changing the paradigm of space technology and implementation techniques ever since the NewSpace era has begun a stiff competition and dynamic atmosphere for innovation and recreation. Nanosatellites (ranging from 1 to 10 Kg) have been of significant importance since they have been launched and experimented in the past few decades. The constellations of these satellites will be a test of technology and management in due course of time. The complexity of operations and skilled functioning of the satellites in LEO and beyond is becoming crucial for the space industry and scientific communities. This paper will demonstrate the challenges, applications, and strategies to implement Artificial Intelligence (AI) optimally to make these constellations efficient and productive under the given scenarios and constraints. A thorough investigation through literature study has been initially done to observe and monitor the recent developments and envision the futuristic implementation of cognitive computing in CisLunar space. Hence, a detailed description of strategizing this artificial intelligence implementation in three classified regions as Low Earth Orbits (LEO), Transfer Region (TR), and Lunar Orbits (LO) to emphasize their crucial role in operating nanosatellites is significantly presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky famously stated that while the Earth serves as the birthplace of humanity, it is not a place where mankind can indefinitely remain. Perhaps during that period, the prospect of exploring the mysteries of outer space appeared to be an unattainable aspiration. However, in the present day, there are no longer any limitations, not even the sky, since human ingenuity has facilitated access to outer space for humanity. This access is not just for the purposes of research and exploration but also for economic endeavours. Until now, the commercial utilisation of outer space has advanced at a very sluggish rate. However, firms including SpaceX, Orion Span, Virgin Galactic, and Blue Origin have achieved significant advancements in the growth of the space industry. The revenue generated by various space-related endeavours has experienced a significant 73% increase over the last ten years. The global space economy, estimated to be valued at USD one trillion in the coming years, is primarily driven by commercial activities. This presents a formidable challenge to the existing national and international taxation systems. Similar to the open seas, space is also considered res communis omnium, meaning it belongs to the entire community, and presents comparable taxing challenges with potentially uncertain solutions. The three fundamental elements of every taxation regulation, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development or the United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention, are the taxpayer's place of residence, the origin of their income, and the methods by which they generate their money. The current tax system does not have the necessary concepts and provisions to adapt to the rapid advancements in commercial space technology. This paper examines the legal issues surrounding commercial activities conducted in space, including the nature and handling of the income generated in various legal systems. It also addresses concerns such as tax avoidance and excessive taxation, emphasising the necessity for a globally coordinated approach to effectively tax commercial activities in space. • Human ingenuity has facilitated access to outer space for humanity, for the purposes of research and exploration and also for economic endeavours. • Space-related endeavours has experienced a significant 73% increase over the last ten years. • Commercial activities conducted in space require concerted action at international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, Big Data applications have attracted ever-increasing attention in several scientific and business domains. Biomedicine, transportation, entertainment, and aerospace are only a few examples of sectors which are increasingly dependent on applications, where knowledge is extracted from huge volumes of heterogeneous data. The main goal of this paper was to conduct an academic literature review of prominent publications revolving around the application of BD in aerospace. A total of 67 publications were analyzed, highlighting the sources, uses, and benefits of BD. For categorizing the publications, a novel 6-fold approach was introduced including applications in aviation technology and aviation management, UAV-enabled applications, applications in military aviation, health/environment-related applications, and applications in space technology. Aiming to provide the reader with a clear overview of the existing solutions, a total of 15 subcategories were also utilized. The results indicated numerous benefits deriving from the application of BD in aerospace. These benefits referred to the aerospace domain itself as well as to many other sectors including healthcare, environment, humanitarian operations, network communications, etc. Various data sources and different Machine Learning models were utilized in the analyzed publications and the use of BD-based techniques enabled us to extract useful correlations and gain useful insights from large volumes of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We introduce a graph theory model and utilize dispatchable STN to address the mission planning problem for deep space detectors. • The proposed algorithm efficiently decreases the network scale and streamline the computational workload. • Our proposed algorithm effectively tackles the challenge of dynamic mission scheduling to effectively handle emergencies. Deep space exploration activities can effectively promote the development and application of space technology, which holds significant scientific and strategic value. The multi-mission and long-period detector is executed in deep space, and numerous temporal constraints are generated by mission planning. Moreover, scheduled missions may face external uncertainties, hindering their smooth execution. Therefore, temporal constraint processing strategies that possess dynamic adjustment capabilities play a crucial role in ensuring the successful execution of deep space detectors. Existing methods primarily concentrate on investigating fixed mission series, with limited efficiency in planning. Specifically, these methods do not rigorously enforce temporal constraints and lack the capability to handle the disruptions caused by emergencies, which hinder the smooth execution of planned missions. In this paper, we propose a dynamic temporal constraints algorithm, aiming to efficiently plan missions subject to temporal constraints and let it possess a certain degree of dynamic adjust capability. The simulation results demonstrate the effective simplification of redundant temporal constraints in mission networks by the proposed algorithm. In comparison to the classical algorithm, the computation time exhibits a clear advantage. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm possesses the capability to perform local, small-scale dynamic adjustments in response to emergencies that may disrupt the normal execution of missions. Consequently, this research establishes a robust basis for addressing temporal constraints in deep space detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of space technology, the functions of lunar vehicles are constantly enriched, and the structure is constantly complicated, which puts forward more stringent requirements for its ground micro-low-gravity simulation test technology. This paper puts forward a high-precision and high-dynamic landing buffer test method based on the principle of magnetic quasi-zero stiffness. Firstly, the micro-low-gravity simulation system for the lunar vehicle was designed. The dynamic model of the system and a position control method based on fuzzy PID parameter tuning were established. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the system were analyzed through joint simulation. At last, a prototype of the lunar vehicle's vertical constant force support system was built, and a micro-low-gravity landing buffer test was carried out. The results show that the simulation results were in good agreement with the test results. The sensitivity of the system was better than 0.1%, and the constant force deviation was 0.1% under landing impact conditions. The new method and idea are put forward to improve the micro-low-gravity simulation technology of lunar vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of space technology, deep learning methods, with their excellent generalization ability, are increasingly applied in various space activities. The space object data is difficult to obtain, which greatly limits its application in space activities. The images of the existing public spacecraft dataset are mostly rendered, which not only lack physical meaning but also have limited data. In this paper, we propose an effective construction procedure to build a space object dataset based on STK, which can help to break the limitations of deep learning methods in space activities. Firstly, based on STK, we conduct orbit simulation for 24 space targets and establish the simulation dataset; secondly, we use 600 images of 6 typical targets and label them to build a real-shot validation dataset. Finally, the constructed space object dataset based on STK is verified to be effective through six semantic segmentation networks, which can be used to train the real spacecraft's semantic segmentation. Lots of experiments show that the accuracy of migrating the training results of the simulation dataset to the real shooting dataset is slightly reduced, but the mPA is still greater than 85%. In particular, after adding orbital physics simulation data, the accuracy of six semantic segmentation methods is generally improved. Therefore, the STK-based physical simulation of orbit is an effective method for space object dataset construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the state-of-the-art of graphene-based materials and devices designed for use in space. The goal is to summarise emerging research studies, contextualise promising findings, and discuss underway strategies to address some specific space-related problems. To complete our overview of graphene-based technology and address the relevance of graphene in the wide scenario of the space economy, we also provide an analysis of worldwide patents and the scientific literature for aerospace applications in the period 2010–2021. We analysed global trends, country distributions, top assignees, and funding sponsors, evidencing a general increase for the period considered. These indicators, integrated with market information, provide a clear evaluation of the related technology trends and readiness levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Poder Aéreo is the property of Escuela de Postgrados de la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract—The paper covers historical events related to the launch of the Luna-10 automated interplanetary station in 1966, which for the first time in the world became an artificial satellite of the Moon and performed a number of scientific studies and made discoveries in global astronautics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological support to the crew is crucial for space mission accomplishment and cosmonauts' professional longevity. In advance of remote space exploration missions we need to sum up and organize the accumulated experience of psychological support at the current stage of astronautic development. The paper gives a retrospect of the psychological support to space crews of piloted space systems/vehicles and highlights its basic goals and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM2.5 is a bad output of China's improved industrialization and rapid economic development, which seriously threatens people's health and greatly hinders the sustainable economic development. Studying the socio-economic driving factors of PM2.5 emissions is of great significance for reducing air pollution and realizing green development. Therefore, based on the simultaneous consideration of space technology differences and time technology progress, this paper constructs an index decomposition analysis-production-theoretical decomposition analysis decomposition model under the global meta-frontier-production theory. Then, we decompose the PM2.5 emission concentration of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018 into nine driving factors and discuss the impact of different factors from the national, regional, and provincial levels. The results reveal that economic activity is still the main factor to promote the increase of PM2.5 emission, but its effect decreases, while the inhibitory effect of catch-up effect on PM2.5 concentration increases gradually. In addition, economic activities have the greatest impact on the East China, while the time catch-up effect has a more significant impact on the Central and Western China. Moreover, the influence of energy intensity effect, space technology catch-up effect, and time technology catch-up effect is gradually increasing, which have become important factors to inhibit the PM2.5 emission. Based on the above results, we put forward relevant policy suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering is the property of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Mars rotorcraft is an aerial exploration platform capable of repeated take-offs and landings to extend the range of rover explorations. NASA's Ingenuity helicopter is a full y functioning coaxial helicopter for technology demonstration. Increasing the rotor diameter or the number of blades can enhance the load capacity of the coaxial helicopter but would make it difficult to be folded. A more suitable configuration for Mars exploration is the multi-rotor aircraft, which has a stronger load capacity with the same rotor diameter. Although the aerodynamic performance and operational capabilities of the Mars multi-rotor aircraft have been partially considered, mechatronic system design and autonomous flight control have not been fully addressed. Harbin Institute of Technology and China Academy of Space Technology jointly proposed a deployable Mars quadcopter for air patrol and sampling with a sample mass of 100 g. This paper presents a concept for a Mars quadcopter and its mission operations, including operational procedures and flight modes, to provide a framework for future Mars flight sampling missions. We describe the structure and avionics architecture of the Mars quadcopter. Then, we present the hardware and software design of the guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system to illustrate the autonomous flight control method. Finally, we introduce the deployment mechanism of the Mars quadcopter. • A foldable Mars quadcopter improves the efficiency and flexibility of Mars sample return tasks. • Five-module avionics system augments the Mars quadcopter for survival and operation. • A navigation method combining inertial and binocular vision enables autonomous flight on Mars. • The guidance system based on mode commands can independently plan exploration operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband photodetectors capable of detecting light across a wide spectrum ranging from visible to short wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths have significant relevance in various fields, including space technology and civil applications. HgTe quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a promising candidate for the development of low-cost broadband photodetectors. In this study, a photodetector based on a layered structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/HgTe QD film/gold (Au) was designed and fabricated using a layer-by-layer spin coating method. The fabricated photodetector exhibited a broadband response from 400 nm to 2000 nm, covering the visible and SWIR regions. Its broad spectral range makes it suitable for a wide range of applications. Additionally, the photodetector demonstrated a fast response time of approximately 300 μs, enabling rapid detection and data acquisition. These results highlight the potential of HgTe QDs as a promising material for the development of advanced broadband photodetectors with fast response times. The simplicity of the device structure, combined with the low-cost fabrication technique, makes it an attractive option for commercialization and integration into various optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the influence of an original airship design on its stability modes. Based on the verified model of the YEZ-2A airship, the Sobol sensitivities are calculated to filter the design parameters. The airship hull length, the slenderness ratio of the airship hull, the exponent of the tail, the fin installation position on the hull, and the fin half-span are found to be of large influences on all stability modes, whereas the stability modes are comparatively insensitive to the exponent of the bow and the fin relative thickness. The empirical formulas for mapping relationships are fitted to the experimental data and are verified by both sensitivities and root locus diagrams. The empirical formulas representing the mapping relationships between the original design parameters and the stability mode parameters of the airship can be used as references to simplify and estimate the stability and performance in the preliminary design of the airship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]