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2. Energy-exergy approach of a cogeneration system in pulp and paper industry with a chemical recovery of black liquor and soda
- Author
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Ramadan Hefny Ali, Ahmed A. Abdel Samee, M. Attalla, and Hussein M. Maghrabie
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Pulp and paper industry ,Cogeneration system ,Energy and exergy analyses ,Recovery system ,Biofuel ,Soda ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is a power-intensive technology so great attention to reducing its own energy consumption and declining the waste of available energy should be devoted. In the current investigation, the energy-exergy approach of a pulp and paper company integrated with a chemical recovery of black liquor (BL) and soda is studied actually for one year. The chemical BL recovery system that has the primary benefits to avoid environmental pollution by burning organic waste and recycling the soda is also comprehensively investigated. Natural gas (NG) and BL are utilized in power boiler (PB) and recovery boiler (RB), respectively. Moreover, in the present implementation, the chemical reactions of NG and BL are presented. The obtained results show that the percentages of energy losses in the condenser, RB, evaporators, and PB are 49.16, 19.28, 14.22, and 3.96%, respectively. The average values of exergy destruction percentages in RB and PB around the year are 41.63 and 33.5%, respectively. The maximum system overall exergy efficiency is 32.09% at an environment temperature of 290 K, whereas the energy efficiency of the system is 53.7%.
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- 2023
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3. Methodology for quantifying the impact of repurposing existing manufacturing facilities: case study using pulp and paper facilities for sustainable aviation fuel production.
- Author
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Brandt, Kristin, Camenzind, Dane, Zhu, J. Y., Latta, Greg, Gao, Johnway, and Wolcott, Michael
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AIRCRAFT fuels , *PAPER pulp , *NATURAL gas , *PETROLEUM as fuel , *NATURAL gas prices , *CAPITAL costs , *JET fuel - Abstract
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is vital for the reduction of the environmental impact of the aviation industry while decreasing the dependence of the USA on foreign petroleum fuels. To date, SAF, especially from cellulosic feedstocks, have struggled to overcome two barriers: (1) meeting price parity with their petroleum counterparts and (2) the large capital investment required for industrial‐scale biorefineries. Repurposing of industrial facilities has been suggested as a means of addressing both challenges. In this study we look at the financial impact of manufacturing SAF using three repurposing value levels. To demonstrate the application of this methodology, we examine case studies based on a wood‐based alcohol‐to‐jet process. Each level evaluated assumes a different portion of the existing facility is useable. The impact on capital costs and minimum fuel selling price is estimated for generalized case studies as well as for specific case studies spread across multiple regions of the USA. The best economic outcomes are achieved when large‐scale facilities have both inside and outside battery limit assets that can be repurposed. The geospatially explicit variables that have the largest economic impact are feedstock price, feedstock composition, and industrial natural gas price. However, the scale and value of repurposing both outweigh the geospatial variables within reasonable limits. Of the locations studied, the lowest minimum selling price (MSP) of $1.16/L was calculated at the Washington facility, a nearly 19% reduction from a matching scaled greenfield facility, a result of existing equipment and infrastructure reducing total capital investment by one‐third and plentiful feedstock. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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4. Revisiting the Question of Digitalization and Bioenergy Development in the Russian Federation Regions
- Author
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Pereverzeva, Ksenia, Tsvetkov, Denis, Petrov, Konstantin, Gutman, Svetlana, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Rodionov, Dmitrii, editor, Kudryavtseva, Tatiana, editor, Skhvediani, Angi, editor, and Berawi, Mohammed Ali, editor
- Published
- 2022
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5. Impact of the Biodiesel Blend (B20) Strategy 'Club de Biotanqueo' (Biofueling Club) on the Socioeconomic and Environmental Aspects in Medellín, Colombia
- Author
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Sánchez Anchiraico, Mónica Andrea, León Sánchez, Lily Margarita, Zea Fernández, Jhojan Stiven, Luna-delRisco, Mario, Arrieta Gonzalez, Carlos, Díaz Becerra, Erika Viviana, González Palacio, Liliana, Espinoza-Andaluz, Mayken, editor, Andersson, Martin, editor, Li, Tingshuai, editor, Santana Villamar, Jordy, editor, Encalada Dávila, Ángel, editor, and Melo Vargas, Ester, editor
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- 2022
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6. Pulp and paper industry in energy transition: Towards energy-efficient and low carbon operation in Finland and Sweden
- Author
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Satu Lipiäinen, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Esa Vakkilainen, and Katja Kuparinen
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Environmental Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Fossil fuel ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy security ,Energy consumption ,010501 environmental sciences ,Energy transition ,Pulp and paper industry ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Renewable energy ,Climate change mitigation ,13. Climate action ,Biofuel ,8. Economic growth ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Mitigation of global warming, energy security and industrial competitiveness urge the energy-intensive pulp and paper industry (PPI) to transform energy use practices. This study investigates how the PPI has responded to the need for the energy transition in the 2000s. Finland and Sweden as forerunners of energy-efficient operation and decarbonization of the PPI are used as target countries. Understanding of changes in energy consumption is complemented using decomposition analysis (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Method) and the energy efficiency index approach. Analysis of companies’ investments in energy technologies is used for explaining changes in energy production. Evidence of significant development towards the more sustainable operation of the PPI was found. Energy consumption per produced unit has decreased, i.e., energy efficiency has improved. Fossil fuels have been partially replaced with bio-based alternatives. Thus, the CO2 intensity has decreased substantially. The generation of renewable electricity has increased in both countries. Examples of Finland and Sweden indicate that the PPI has great potential to contribute to CO2 emission reduction worldwide in the future as energy efficiency can be further improved, and the share of fossil fuels can be decreased increasing the use of biofuels and self-generated green electricity at least in kraft pulp mills.
- Published
- 2022
7. Recent Research from Shizuoka University Highlight Findings in Biofuel (Bioethanol Production From Paper Sludge By Subcritical Water Pretreatment and Semi-simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation).
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ETHANOL as fuel ,BIOMASS energy ,FERMENTATION ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,WASTE paper - Abstract
Researchers from Shizuoka University in Hamamatsu, Japan have conducted a study on the potential for bioethanol production from paper sludge (PS) obtained from paper mills. The researchers found that waste-paper-containing PS can be used as a raw material for bioethanol production, as the global waste paper utilization rate has increased. They used subcritical water pretreatment to selectively decompose enzyme inhibitors in the PS without generating other enzyme inhibitors, resulting in a significant increase in bioethanol yield. The researchers concluded that this method could enable the use of large amounts of PS as ethanol feedstock in the future. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
8. Paper mulberry fruit juice: a novel biomass resource for bioethanol production
- Author
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Deng Shihuai, Mei Huang, Fei Shen, Qin Jiang, Yongmei Zeng, Dong Tian, Li Zhao, and Pleasure Chisom Ajayo
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Optimization ,Technology ,Resource (biology) ,biology ,Ethanol conversion ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemical technology ,Nutrient screening ,Paper mulberry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biomass ,TP1-1185 ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Response surface methodology ,Biofuel ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Fruit juice ,1G feedstock ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
By way of broadening the use of diverse sustainable bioethanol feedstocks, the potentials of Paper mulberry fruit juice (PMFJ), as a non-food, sugar-based substrate, were evaluated for fuel ethanol production. The suitability of PMFJ was proven, as maximum ethanol concentration (56.4 g/L) and yield (0.39 g/g) were achieved within half a day of the start of fermentation, corresponding to very high ethanol productivity of 4.7 g/L/hr. The established potentials were further optimally maximized through the response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimal temperature of 30 °C, yeast concentration of 0.55 g/L, and pH of 5, ethanol concentration, productivity, and yield obtained were 73.69 g/L, 4.61 g/L/hr, and 0.48 g/g, respectively. Under these ideal conditions, diverse metal salts were afterward screened for their effects on PMFJ fermentation. Based on a two-level fractional factorial design, nutrient addition had no positive impact on ethanol production. Thus, under the optimal process conditions, and without any external nutrient supplementation, bioethanol from PMFJ compared favorably with typical sugar-based energy crops, highlighting its resourcefulness as a high-value biomass resource for fuel ethanol production. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2022
9. Catalytic upcycling paper sludge for the recovery of minerals and production of renewable high-grade biofuels and bio-based chemicals
- Author
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Zhiwen Wang, Léon Rohrbach, Songbo He, Dian Sukmayanda Santosa, Gerrit Brem, Qingqing Yuan, Hero J. Heeres, Anton Bijl, Catalytic Processes and Materials, Thermal Engineering, and Chemical Technology
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Municipal solid waste ,Bio-aromatics ,General Chemical Engineering ,UT-Hybrid-D ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Catalysis ,Environmental Chemistry ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Mineral recovery ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Ex-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Pilot plant ,Biofuel ,Biofuels ,Solid waste recycling ,Heat of combustion ,0210 nano-technology ,Pyrolysis ,Carbon - Abstract
Paper sludge is a solid waste by-product abundantly produced in the paper industry and contains fine minerals and lignocellulosic biomass. In this contribution, the ex-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of paper sludge with a high mineral content of ca. 71 wt% is reported for the first time and demonstrated in a pilot-scale unit (feeding rate of 11.3 kg h−1) using a granular Na2CO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst (loading of 650 g) to produce a high-grade bio-oil at a fast pyrolysis temperature of 475 ± 5 °C (pre-screened using a pyroprobe) and a catalytic upgrading temperature of 500 °C. Besides, > 99 wt% minerals in the paper sludge could be recovered, including paper fillers such as CaCO3 (major) and talc. The bio-oil obtained at a carbon yield of 21 C.% has a low oxygen content of 3.2 wt%, a low total acidity number of 5.2 mg KOH g−1, low H2O content of 0.7 wt%, and a high higher heating value of 40.9 MJ kg−1. It consists of value-added bio-based chemicals such as paraffins, olefins, and low molecular weight aromatics. The results demonstrate that the use of paper sludge to recover minerals and to obtain fuels and chemicals using ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis is technically feasible at a pilot plant scale, which will be of importance for the development of future bio-based economy.
- Published
- 2021
10. Experimental analysis of the recovery and chemical properties of pyrolytic oil derived from medical waste with varying components combined via a systematic combination approach.
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Meka, Wahyu, Ridwan, Abrar, Fitri, Yulia, Dewilda, Yommi, Mahendra, Rain Agri, Rezeki, Tri Nur, Widara, Laras Sita, Hamzah, Munawir, and Athala, Azzalya Putri
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MEDICAL wastes ,ANALYTICAL chemistry ,CHEMICAL properties ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,SURGICAL gloves ,WASTE paper - Abstract
Pyrolysis of medical waste components combined via a novel systematic combination approach (sequentially binary, ternary, and quaternary copyrolysis) was conducted at 400°C to investigate the synergy between medical waste components in improving chemical characteristics and yields of pyrolytic oil. Pyrolysis of hydrocarbon-polymer-containing materials such as medical gloves and rubber bands produced more than 30% of liquid products with substantial compositions of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon polymers. On the other hand, moisture- and carbonyl-rich pyrolytic liquid products with low selectivity were obtained from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass waste such as HVS paper (houtvrij schrijfpapier, meaning "writing paper made from wood pulp") and garden waste. Binary copyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and medical gloves exhibited improvement on pyrolytic liquid yield and selectivity toward saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon polymers due to hydrogen donor as the medical glove fraction became dominant. The addition of rubber band to the mixture of HVS paper and medical face masks enhanced the pyrolytic liquid yield. The pyrolysis of the mixture of HVS paper, medical face masks, medical gloves, and either rubber bands or cotton fabrics with mixture ratio of 60:20:10:10 yielded the most optimum pyrolytic liquid yield with significant distribution of alkanes in the pyrolytic liquid products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Microfluidic non-enzymatic biofuel cell integrated with electrodeposited metallic catalysts on a paper based platform
- Author
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Sanket Goel and Jayapiriya U S
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,fungi ,Microfluidics ,food and beverages ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Nanotechnology ,Paper based ,Catalysis ,Electricity generation ,Non enzymatic ,Biofuel ,Electronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Microscale chemistry - Abstract
Sustainable power generation for portable electronic devices is of high interest due to increasing energy demands. Miniaturized biofuel cells are well-reported for this purpose where ubiquitous fluids, like glucose or lactate, can be leveraged. However, such biofuel cells need enzymes to complete the catalysis, leading to many prevalent issues like the longevity of enzymes, complicated immobilization, additional mediators etc. Therefore, non-enzymatic glucose biofuel cells (NEGBFCs) are gaining interest due to their cost-effectiveness, high repeatability and excellent stability. However, based on our best knowledge such glucose biofuel cells are not reported in microfluidic environment, and therefore their potential is not exploited. Realization of the functionality of such NEGBFCs in a microscale is crucial to replace them with their enzymatic counterparts. In this work, for the first time, a microfluidic non-enzymatic glucose biofuel cell (μNEGBFC) is developed on a paper-based platform using metallic catalysts. The catalysts for electrocatalytic energy generation is fabricated using electrodeposition method and their detailed physicochemical characterizations are done. The μNEGBFC is capable of producing a power density of 12.5 μW/cm2 with a stable potential of 410 mV. This green power output can be used to operate low-power micro-devices and lab-on-chip sensors in a more continual and viable manner.
- Published
- 2021
12. Enhancement of combustion and emission characteristics of diesel using lavender oil blending
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Settypalli, Revanth Kumar Reddy
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- 2024
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13. Process Development for Production of Biofuels from Paper Sludge via Fermentation and Chemo-Catalytic Conversions
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López-Contreras, A.M., Dijkstra, J.W., de Vrije, T., Dussan, K., Luzzi, S., van den Burg, B., Budde, M., van Seijst, D., van Medevoort, J., Pazhavelikkakath Purushothaman, R.K., van Haveren, J., Morales-González, O.M., Ferrari, F., Rep, M., Hakeem, A., Van Haute, M., and Claassen, P.A.M.
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BBP Bioconversion ,BBP Sustainable Chemistry & Technology ,chemo-catalytic conversion ,biofuel ,lignocellulosic sources ,conceptual process design ,Biobased Products ,Biomass ,fermentation ,VLAG - Abstract
The aim of the project “More Fuels from Organic Residues” (MOTOR) is to produce advanced biofuels for the transport sectors where electrification or gaseous biofuels will not generate the reduction of their carbon footprint in the short term. In MOTOR, wet lignocellulosic waste streams that do not compete with the food/feed market are used as a feedstock for a smart fermentation process. In the present study, the utilization of paper sludge as substrate for fermentation for production of fuel precursors and subsequent catalytic conversion to fuels at laboratory scale is described. The steps of the process were assessed experimentally, and based on the data generated, a conceptual process is being developed to explore the economic and sustainability aspects of the new value chain for biofuel.. Results show that solubilization of sugars from paper sludge using existing enzyme cocktails is very limited and needs improvement. On the other hand, the catalytic production of fuel from the fermentation products shows promising results in terms of type of products., Proceedings of the 30th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 9-12 May 2022, Online, pp. 24-27
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- 2022
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14. Kunming University of Science and Technology Reports Findings in Biofuel (Preparation of multi-barrier and multi-functional paper-based materials by chitosan, ethyl cellulose and green walnut husk biorefinery products for sustainable food...).
- Published
- 2024
15. Sustainable Feedstocks and Challenges in Biodiesel Production: An Advanced Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
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Sales, Misael B., Borges, Pedro T., Ribeiro Filho, Manoel Nazareno, Miranda da Silva, Lizandra Régia, Castro, Alyne P., Sanders Lopes, Ada Amelia, Chaves de Lima, Rita Karolinny, de Sousa Rios, Maria Alexsandra, and Santos, José C. S. dos
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BIBLIOMETRICS ,VEGETABLE oils ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,FUTURES market ,CONFERENCE papers - Abstract
Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, frying oils, and from microorganism-synthesized oils. These sources render biodiesel an easily biodegradable fuel. The aim of this work was to perform an advanced bibliometric analysis of primary studies relating to biodiesel production worldwide by identifying the key countries and regions that have shown a strong engagement in this area, and by understanding the dynamics of their collaboration and research outputs. Additionally, an assessment of the main primary feedstocks employed in this research was carried out, along with an analysis of the current and future trends that are expected to define new paths and methodologies to be used in the manufacture of biodegradable and renewable fuels. A total of 4586 academic outputs were selected, including peer-reviewed research articles, conference papers, and literature reviews related to biodiesel production, in the time period spanning from 2010 to 2021. Articles that focused on feedstocks for the production of biodiesel were also included, with a search that returned 330 papers. Lastly, 60 articles relating to biodiesel production via sewage were specifically included to allow for an analysis of this source as a promising feedstock in the future of the biofuel market. Via the geocoding and the document analyses performed, we concluded that China, Malaysia, and India are the largest writers of articles in this area, revealing a great interest in biofuels in Asia. Additionally, it was noted that environmental concerns have caused authors to conduct research on feedstocks that can address the sustainability challenges in the production of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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16. Feasibility of Old Bark and Wood Waste Recycling.
- Author
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Kulikova, Yuliya, Sukhikh, Stanislav, Babich, Olga, Yuliya, Margina, Krasnovskikh, Marina, and Noskova, Svetlana
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WOOD waste ,PAPER industry ,WASTE recycling ,FORESTS & forestry ,THERMAL analysis ,WOOD products - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry leads to the formation of significant amounts of bark and wood waste (BWW), which is mostly dumped, causing negative climate and environmental impacts. This article presents an overview of methods for recycling BWW, as well as the results of assessing the resource potential of old bark waste based on physicochemical and thermal analysis. It was found that using BWW as a plant-growing substrate is challenging because it was observed that bark waste is phytotoxic. The C:N waste ratio is far from optimum; moreover, it has a low biodegradation rate (less than 0.15% per year). The calorific value content of BWW ranged from 7.7 to 18.9 MJ/kg on d.m., the ash content was from 4% to 22%, and the initial moisture content was from 60.8% to 74.9%, which allowed us to draw conclusions about the feasibility of using hydrothermal methods for their processing to obtain biofuel and for the unreasonableness of using traditional thermal methods (combustion, pyrolysis, gasification). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. India’s emerging fuel mix for 2050: actions and strategies to decarbonize the transport sector
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Gupta, Santanu, Kar, Sanjay Kumar, and Harichandan, Sidhartha
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- 2022
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18. Combustion analysis of biodiesel-powered propeller engine for least environmental concerns in aviation industry
- Author
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V., Balaji, S., Kaliappan, D.M., Madhuvanesan, D.S., Ezhumalai, S., Boopathi, Pravin P., Patil, and Mani, Saiprakash
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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19. Hemp as a potential raw material toward a sustainable world: A review
- Author
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A T M Faiz Ahmed, Md Zahidul Islam, Md Sultan Mahmud, Md Emdad Sarker, and Md Reajul Islam
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Bio-composites ,Biofuel ,Hemp paper ,Hemp textiles ,Hempcrete ,Sustainability ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Global warming as a result of climate change has become a major concern for people all over the world. It has recently drawn the attention of the entire conscious community, with the fear that if not addressed properly, it will result in the extinction of numerous species around the world. At the same time, it will pose a threat to human health, food security, living environment and standard of living. Thereby, possible solutions are being explored accordingly; regulations have been imposed in places binding green production practices, limiting the emission of CO2 and emphasis is given on renewable resources along with the search for alternatives to carbon-positive materials. Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) has received a lot of attention because of its multipurpose usability, short production cycle, low capital demand in cultivation, possibility of carbon-negative transformation and easy carbon sequestering material. This paper reviews hemp as a very promising renewable resource including its potential uses in paper, textiles, composites, biofuel, and food industry.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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20. Inward- versus outward-focused bioeconomy strategies for British Columbia’s forest products industry: a harvested wood products carbon storage and emission perspective
- Author
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Xie, Sheng H., Kurz, Werner A., and McFarlane, Paul N.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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21. Waste-Based Second-Generation Bioethanol: A Solution for Future Energy Crisis
- Author
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Yasindra Sandamini Chandrasiri, W. M. Lakshika Iroshani Weerasinghe, D. A. Tharindu Madusanka, and Pathmalal M. Manage
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Environmental Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,paper waste ,TJ807-830 ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Renewable fuels ,bacterial pathways ,Corncob ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Renewable energy sources ,Renewable energy ,corncobs ,Biofuel ,ethanol-diesel blends ,ssf ,Fermentation ,business - Abstract
The demand for more environmentally friendly alternative renewable fuels is growing as fossil fuel resources are depleting significantly. Consequently, bioethanol has attracted interest as a potentially viable fuel. The key steps in second-generation bioethanol production include pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation. The present study employed simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose through bacterial pathways to generate second-generation bioethanol utilizing corncob s and paper waste as lignocellulosic biomass. Mechanical and chemical pretreatments were applied to both biomasses. Then, two bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. and Norcadiopsis sp., hydrolysed the pretreated biomass and fermented it along with Achromobacter sp ., which was isolated and characterized from a previous study. Bioethanol production followed by 72 h of biomass hydrolysis employing Bacillus sp. and Norcadiopsis sp ., and then 72 h of fermentation using Achromobacter sp. Using solid phase micro extraction combined with GCMS the ethanol content was quantified. SSF of alkaline pretreated paper waste hydrolysed by Bacillus sp. following the fermentation by Achromobacte r sp. showed the maximum ethanol percentage of 0.734±0.154. Alkaline pretreated corncobs hydrolyzed by Norcadiopsis sp. yielded the lowest ethanol percentage of 0.155±0.154. The results of the study revealed that paper waste is the preferred feedstock for generating second-generation bioethanol. To study the possible use of ethanol-diesel blends as an alternative biofuel E2, E5, E7, and E10 blend emulsions were prepared mixing commercially available diesel with ethanol. The evaluated physico-chemical characteristics of the ethanol-diesel emulsions fulfilled the Ceypetco requirements except for the flashpoint revealing that the lower ethanol-diesel blends are a promising alternative to transport fuels. As a result, the current study suggests that second generation bioethanol could be used as a renewable energy source to help alleviate the energy crisis..
- Published
- 2021
22. A comparative study of the growth of microalgae-bacteria symbiotic consortium with the axenic culture of microalgae in dairy wastewater through extraction and quantification of chlorophyll
- Author
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Vaishali Mittal, Uttam Kumar Ghosh, Namita Talapatra, and Rahul Gautam
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010302 applied physics ,biology ,Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Wastewater ,Biofuel ,Chlorophyll ,0103 physical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,Axenic - Abstract
Microalgae-bacteria symbiotic association can provide many competitive advantages over the pure axenic culture of microalgae to obtain biofuel. This system significantly reduces an important technical constraint, including associated capital cost with the infrastructure required for maintaining pure microalgae culture. The current study aims to compare the symbiotic growth of Tetraselmis indica - Pseudomonas aeruginosa consortium with axenic growth of Tetraselmis indica in dairy wastewater (DWW). The extraction and optimization of chlorophyll-a were also investigated. The overall maximum chlorophyll-a recovery of 29.106 ± 0.045 mg L−1 was obtained through the sonification as extractant method with methanol as an extraction solvent. The chlorophyll-a content of consortium cultivated in DWW higher than the axenic pure microalgae culture (APMC). The maximum biomass yield of the consortium was achieved as 1454.88 mg L−1, which is much higher than APMC growth in DWW by 38.80%. On the 10th day, the consortium removed 87.49%, 83.76%, and 79.83% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and total dissolved phosphorus respectively. The higher biomass growth and wastewater nutrient removal exhibited by the symbiotic microalgae-bacteria consortium can be utilized in biofuel technology.
- Published
- 2023
23. Particularities of High Oxygen Content Biofuels Pyrolysis Process
- Author
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Elena Pop, G. Lazaroiu, D.A. Ciupageanu, I. Simion, L. Mihaescu, and R.M. Grigoriu
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High oxygen ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Biofuel ,Scientific method ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Environmental science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
Generating capacities supplied by solid biomass (renewable waste) gather at the moment less than 4.5% of the total renewable power installed worldwide. Given the two folded implications of such technology development and spreading (i.e. energy production and waste management), researches regarding efficient conversion processes and improved power facilities are of great interest currently. In this context, the paper addresses the particularities of high oxygen content biofuels pyrolysis, proposing innovative solutions to overcome the issues found in experimental investigations. Based on thorough experimental research conducted on agricultural wooden biomass and poultry manure, a number of problems arise. Among them, it is highlighted the heating in the absence of oxidants, an undesirable internal process caused by the high oxygen content, which contravenes the general principles regarding pyrolysis. Furthermore, the high oxygen content is associated with great moisture percentages. The present paper reveals the challenges determined by some negative aspects emerging during the pyrolysis of high oxygen content biofuels. Several solutions are proposed to improve the efficiency of the conversion process through adequate control. For instance, it is pointed out that the temperature level at which the pyrolysis process develops plays a crucial role in the general energy balance. On this matter, investigating poultry manure pyrolysis at low temperatures, a significant decrease of the final coke product is noticed. Poultry manure pyrolysis results as a suitable and simple solution to be employed for waste treatment purposes, as its combustible effects (combustible gases and semicoke / coke) are good candidates for energy production.
- Published
- 2021
24. Biofuels and biochars production from agricultural biomass wastes by thermochemical conversion technologies: Thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis studies
- Author
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B. Rebbah, M. Y. Guida, N. Anter, A. Medaghri-Alaoui, E. M. Rakib, and A. Hannioui
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Thermogravimetric analysis ,Environmental Engineering ,Chemistry ,Biofuel ,Mechanical Engineering ,Production (economics) ,Agricultural biomass ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pyrolysis ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Abstract
In this paper, thermal degradation (TGA) and pyrolysis studies of sunflower shell biomass (SSB), eucalyptus biomass (EB), wheat straw biomass (WSB), and peanut shell biomass (PSB) were carried out using the thermogravimetric analysis and stainless steel tubular reactor. Thermal degradation of all biomass wastes was examined at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in nitrogen atmosphere between 20 and 800 °C. Experiments of pyrolysis were carried out in a tubular reactor from 300 to 700 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min, a particle size of 0.1–0.3 mm and nitrogen flow rate of 100 mL.min−1, which the aim to study how temperature affects liquid, solid, and gas products. The results of this work showed that three stages have been identified in the thermal decomposition of SSB, EB, WSB, and PSB wastes. The first stage occurred at 120–158 °C, the second stage, which corresponds to hemicellulose and cellulose's degradation, occurred in temperatures range from 139 to 480 °C for hemicellulose, and from 233 to 412 °C for cellulose, while the third stage occurred at 534–720 °C. It was concluded that temperature has a significant effect on product yields. The maximum of bio-oil yields of 37.55, 30.5, 46.96, and 50.05 wt% for WSB, PSB, SSB, and EB, were obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C (SSB, PSB, and WSB) and 550 °C (EB). Raw biomass, solid and liquid products obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The analysis of solid and liquid products showed that bio-oils and bio-chars from agricultural biomass wastes could be prospective sources of renewable fuels production and value added chemical products.
- Published
- 2021
25. The role of nanoparticles on biofuel production and as an additive in ternary blend fuelled diesel engine: A review
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N.K. Millerjothi, Michael G. Bidir, Ftwi Yohaness Hagos, and Muyiwa S. Adaramola
- Subjects
Biodiesel ,Materials science ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Fossil fuel ,02 engineering and technology ,Diesel engine ,Combustion ,Pulp and paper industry ,TK1-9971 ,Brake specific fuel consumption ,Diesel fuel ,General Energy ,Nanoparticle ,020401 chemical engineering ,Blends ,Biofuel ,Biofuels ,Diesel engine performance ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,business ,Cetane number - Abstract
In recent years renewable and cleaner fuel for diesel engines are compulsory due to depletion of fossil fuel. Various types of bio-based fuels are investigated by the researchers. Biodiesel is anticipated as potential contenders of diesel fuel. Though it is possible to utilize pure biodiesel in diesel engines, some burdens like higher density, lower cetane number and lesser calorific value hinder it from replacing conventional diesel completely. Therefore, using blends with biofuels in diesel engines has a preference. Thus, this paper reviews two different approaches on the role of nanoparticles on biofuel production and effects of nanoparticles in biodiesel–diesel fuel blends on performance, combustion analysis and emission characteristics of diesel engines. Wide range of results from previous research studies with potential and application of nanoparticles in bioethanol production, the effect of the addition of nanoparticles into diesel fuel with different biofuels ratios are collected in this review study. There are different engine performances enhancing methods surveyed. Nanoparticles can be utilized in the production of biofuels from feedstock pre-treatment to chemical reaction as catalysts. It was observed from the overall results that by adding nanoparticles, there was a significant reduction in the brake specific fuel consumption about 20% to 23% as compared with biodiesel–diesel blends with and without alcohol as additives. Besides as nanoparticles possess high thermal conductivity, the addition of nanoparticles enhanced the process of combustion and increases the brake power about 2.5% to 4%. Emission results showed that in most reviews, NO x emission is increased by up to 55%, while HC, CO and PM are decreased significantly. It was concluded from the study that a diesel engine could be effectively run and give better performance and effective regulated emissions on the application of added nanoparticles with biodiesel and their blends as fuel in a CI engine.
- Published
- 2021
26. A current advancement on the role of lignin as sustainable reinforcement material in biopolymeric blends
- Author
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Abdul Khalil H.P.S., Mariana Mariana, Esam Bashir Yahya, Syahrun Nur Abdulmadjid, Tata Alfatah, C. K. Abdullah, E. M. Mistar, Arif Nuryawan, Hanafi Ismail, and N. G. Olaiya
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Materials science ,Biopolymer ,Smart material ,Bioplastic ,complex mixtures ,Lignin ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sustainable material ,Polylactic acid ,Biomass ,Cellulose ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,fungi ,Metals and Alloys ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,TN1-997 ,food and beverages ,Pulp and paper industry ,Lignocellulosic ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Ceramics and Composites ,Adhesive ,Valorisation ,Fire retardant - Abstract
Recently, the demand for biodegradable, eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives has been on the increase. Although numerous biopolymers such as cellulose, starch, plants proteins and polylactic acid, etc., have been used to produce bioplastics, the outcomes need more improvement to suit different applications. This paper comprehensively maps the expanding academic territory using lignin as a reinforcement material to improve biopolymers-based materials' properties. A brief discussion on the chronological development of lignin, types, isolation, physical and chemical modifications was presented. Also, the role of lignin in biopolymeric blends such as starch, polylactic acids, plants proteins, polyhydroxy butyrate and polyamides was reviewed. Finally, the review extensively and critically discusses the current findings on lignin/biopolymers blends in various industrial applications, including wood adhesives, adsorbent for toxic heavy metal removal, production of carbon materials, dispersant medium, flame retardant and storage materials, etc., and highlighted the possible applications of lignin in biofuel, hydrocarbon, lubricant, renewable chemical, and smart materials.
- Published
- 2021
27. Marine bioactives: from energy to nutrition
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Adarsha Gupta, Reinu E. Abraham, Munish Puri, and Ross A. McKinnon
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High energy ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Bioengineering ,Plants ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,complex mixtures ,Algae fuel ,Algae ,Biofuel ,Biofuels ,Biodiesel production ,Costs and Cost Analysis ,Microalgae ,Environmental science ,Advanced manufacturing ,Biomass ,Omega 3 fatty acid ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Microalgae have been evaluated as promising resource for biodiesel production, but algal biofuel production is not yet commercially viable, which reflects the high energy costs linked with cultivation, harvesting, and dewatering of algae. As crude oil processing declines, microalgae biorefineries are being considered for producing bioactives such as enzymes, proteins, omega-3 oils, pigments, recombinant products, and vitamins, to offset the costs of biofuel production. We believe that producing algal bioactives through advanced manufacturing pathways, encompassing a biorefinery approach, would be effective, profitable, and economical.
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- 2022
28. Prospective peat swamp water as growth medium for microalgal cultivation and kinetic study
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Amun Amri, Meilana Dharma Putra, Doni Rahmat Wicakso, Padil, Iryanti Fatyasari Nata, Zulfarina, and Chairul Irawan
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Peat ,Photoperiod ,Culture ,Gompertz function ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biomass ,Swamp ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biofuel ,Photosynthesis ,Nutrition ,geography ,Growth medium ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Lipid ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Nitrogen ,Renewable energy ,chemistry ,Productivity (ecology) ,Environmental science ,TA1-2040 ,business - Abstract
Microalgae as source of renewable energy are very potential due to high biomass productivity and lipid content. The nutritious culture for microalgae cultivation, however, should be concerned to be affordable and feasible. Here, the utilization of peat swamp culture for microalgal cultivation was studied in comparison to the nutritious pure water. The effects of photoperiod and nitrogen sources on biomass were conducted as well. Compared to the commercial microalgae, the microalgae isolated from peat swamp showed excellent performance with the faster growth time of 10 days as well as higher biomass and its productivity of 1.72 g L−1 and 0.16 g L−1 d−1, respectively. Even for the commercial microalgae, the cultivation process using the peat swamp water led to increase in biomass by 17.2% and its productivity by 10% compared to that using the nutritious pure water. The proposed kinetic model with a modification to the modified Gompertz model showed an excellent prediction with the experimental data as R2 of 0.985 was obtained. The model could well envisage the initial biomass and lag phase compared to the original model. Hence, the model is deemed beneficial for the research development for implementation in high scale of microalgal cultivation.
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- 2022
29. Carbon dioxide to bio-oil in a bioelectrochemical system-assisted microalgae biorefinery process
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Sebastià Puig, Silvia Bolognesi, Elisabet Perona-Vico, María Balaguer, Andrea G. Capodaglio, Lluís Bañeras, and Agencia Estatal de Investigación
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Biodiesel ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Enginyeria sostenible ,Batch reactor ,Microbial electrosynthesis ,Biodièsels ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Auxenochlorella ,Biorefinery ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biodiesel fuels ,Fuel Technology ,Biofuel ,Energy source ,Effluent ,Sustainable engineering - Abstract
Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) for bioelectro carbon dioxide (CO2) recycling is an interesting and sustainable opportunity to exploit off gases from industrial facilities and convert them into valuable energy sources. In the present study, a two-step process based on coupling a bioelectrochemical system (BES) and heterotrophic microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides is proposed to convert carbon dioxide into a biodiesel compatible oil. The MES effluent was further processed in a heterotrophic microalgae batch reactor, where the acetate previously synthesized from CO2 was converted into bio-oil in a subsequent, extraction-free step. Two MES reactors were operated in batch mode at an applied cathodic potential of 0.8 V vs. SHE (standard hydrogen electrode) for 95 days. The system reached a concentration of up to 13 g L 1 of acetate (at a maximum production rate of 0.29 g L 1 d 1). Microbial community analysis revealed the presence of Clostridium spp. in both reactors. In a second stage, the effluent from the biocathode was transferred to microalgae reactors containing A. protothecoides to assess oil production. The bio-oil content was up to 22% w/w (dry weight), sufficient to further explore the feasibility of microalgae-to-oil recovery in the future. According to our estimations, 7.59 kg CO2 can be converted into 1 kg acetate, which can be used to grow heterotrophically 1.11 kg dry algae; an overall balance of 0.03 kg bio-oil produced per kg CO2 captured was assessed. The oil obtained can be further processed to produce a biodiesel compatible with EU requirements for biofuels This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science through the grant RTI2018-098360-B-I00 and the Agency for Business Competitiveness of the Government of Catalonia (ACCIO) through the DigesTake Project (COMRDI16-1-0061). E. ´ P.-V. is grateful for the Research Training grant from the University of Girona (IFUdG2018/52). S. P. is a Serra Hunter ´ Fellow (UdG-AG-575) and acknowledges the funding from the ICREA Acad`emia award. LEQUiA and Ecoaqua have been recognized as consolidated research groups by the Catalan Government with codes 2017-SGR-1552 and 2017SGR-548, respectively
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- 2022
30. Dark fermentative biohydrogen production using pretreated Scenedesmus obliquus biomass under an integrated paradigm of biorefinery
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Harshita Singh, Debabrata Das, and Swagatika Rout
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,Dark fermentation ,Raw material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biorefinery ,Fuel Technology ,Biofuel ,Biodiesel production ,Biohydrogen ,Effluent - Abstract
In recent times, biohydrogen production from microalgal feedstock has garnered considerable research interests to sustainably replace the fossil fuels. The present work adapted an integrated approach of utilizing deoiled Scenedesmus obliquus biomass as feedstock for biohydrogen production and valorization of dark fermentation (DF) effluent via biomethanation. The microalgae was cultivated under different CO2 concentration. CO2-air sparging of 5% v/v supported maximum microalgal growth and carbohydrate production with CO2 fixation ability of 727.7 mg L−1 d−1. Thereafter, lipid present in microalgae was extracted for biodiesel production and the deoiled microalgal biomass (DMB) was subjected to different pretreatment techniques to maximize the carbohydrate recovery and biohydrogen yield. Steam heating (121 °C) in coherence with H2SO4 (0.5 N) documented highest carbohydrate recovery of 87.5%. DF of acid-thermal pretreated DMB resulted in maximum H2 yield of 97.6 mL g−1 VS which was almost 10 times higher as compared to untreated DMB (9.8 mL g−1 VS). Subsequent utilization of DF effluent in biomethanation process resulted in cumulative methane production of 1060 mL L−1. The total substrate energy recovered from integrated biofuel production system was 30%. The present study envisages a microalgal biorefinery to produce biohydrogen via DF coupled with concomitant CO2 sequestration.
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- 2022
31. Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuel from Dunaliella tertiolecta microalgae
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G.R. Molaeimanesh, Mohammad Hassan Shojaeefard, Alireza Zahedi, and A. Tizvir
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Brake specific fuel consumption ,Biodiesel ,Diesel fuel ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Biofuel ,Environmental science ,Heat of combustion ,Transesterification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Cetane number ,NOx - Abstract
In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of produced biodiesel from Dunaliella tertiolecta microalgae are investigated for the first time. To achieve reliable results, all production stages including cultivation, harvesting, oil extraction, and transesterification are executed in the current study. The cetane number and heating value of the produced biodiesel from Dunaliella tertiolecta microalgae were 54 and 40.2 MJ kg−1, respectively. The results of emission analysis showed that the use of B10 and B20 biofuels emitted less CO, HC, and NOx pollutants than diesel fuel (the average reductions of CO, HC, and NOx emissions for B10 are 9.21%, 7.32%, and 2.89%, and for B20 are 23.54%, 18.28%, and 6.97%, respectively); however, these biofuels resulted in more O2 and CO2 relative to the pure diesel fuel (the average increments of O2 and CO2 emissions for B10 are 1.55% and 1.33%, and for B20 are 3.46% and 5.43%, respectively). Also, the engine output power with B20 fuel decreased averagely 2.64%, and the BSFC increased 3.46% compared to pure diesel fuel. The results demonstrate the considerable capability of Dunaliella tertiolecta microalgae to be the source of a clean fuel.
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- 2022
32. Optimization of the Process for Obtaining Biodiesel from Seeds of Ricinus communis using Basic Heterogeneous Catalyst in Transesterification
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Jose Manuel González Fernández, Eliazar Aquino-Torres, Otilio Arturo Acevedo-Sandoval, Jaime Pacheco-Trejo, Francisco Prieto Garcia, and Judith Prieto-Méndez
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Biodiesel ,biology ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Ricinus ,General Engineering ,Transesterification ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diesel fuel ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Sodium hydroxide ,Methanol ,Mathematics - Abstract
Castor bean (Ricinus communis) can be a high-demand crop for the production of biodiesel, an alternative biofuel similar to conventional diesel. The objective of the work has been to optimize the method of obtaining biodiesel from a “green technology” process, directly splitting the seeds of three macerated castor varieties, without prior extraction of the oil with n-hexane as is traditional. Also using low-cost heterogeneous basic catalysts, friendly to the environment. It has been shown that it is feasible to obtain biodiesel as an eco-fuel from castor beans directly, without prior oil extraction with the consequent saving of n-hexane solvent and the non-use of sodium hydroxide. It is feasible to substitute methanol for ethanol (less toxic and cheaper), and as a novel aspect, the use of BaCO3 as a heterogeneous catalyst, not reported in any reference of those consulted. Yield percentages ranging between 31% and 45% were obtained, comparable to those obtained from previous oil extractions. It was concluded that of the three varieties of castor bean evaluated, the variety HG-A-1 (collected in Atotonilco el Grande, Municipality of the State of Hidalgo) classified as IBEA type, is the one that presents the best results. Keywords: Barium carbonate, Castor oil, Eco-fuel, Ethanol, Seed.
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- 2022
33. Combustion performance of bio-gasoline produced by waste fish oil pyrolysis
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António Barros André, Vinicyus Wiggers Rodolfo, Henry Meier França, Andrei Goldbach, and M Luana Chiarello
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Biofuel ,Fractionating column ,General Chemical Engineering ,Exhaust gas ,Environmental science ,Biomass ,Fraction (chemistry) ,Gasoline ,Combustion ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
Pyrolysis of triglycerides based on biomass was used at large scale for fuels supply during the world wars. For this study, the bio-oil produced from waste fish oil pyrolysis was fractioned in a distillation column to produce a light fraction cut in the range of gasoline. This biofuel was tested in a motorcycle engine to measure its performance in terms of torque and analysing its exhaust gas composition. The emissions were assessed by exploring the combustion of a fossil gasoline without additives and with blends of bio-gasoline, BG20 and BG30 fuels, meaning 20 and 30% of bio-gasoline in fossil gasoline, respectively. Results allowed the identification of the torque and emission gases combinations for each fuel type and the determination that as the percentage of bio-gasoline in the gasoline is increased, the concentration of CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8 decreased in direct relation to the engine rotation. The results show that bio-gasoline can be used as an additive of fossil gasoline with gains of performance in terms of torque and lower concentration of CO2 in the emissions. The torque increased from 3.5 to 3.7 N.m and from 4.0 to 5.0 N.m at fifth gear and at 2000 and 4000 rpm, respectively.
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- 2022
34. Simulation and economic evaluation of fuel additives production from glycerol
- Author
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Raquel M. Cavalcante, Mariana Batista Ribeiro, and André F. Young
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Biofuel ,Biodiesel production ,Solketal ,Glycerol ,Acetone ,Production (economics) ,Transesterification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Oxygenate - Abstract
Biodiesel production continuously increases. This also increases the production of glycerol, the main by-product of transesterification, whose surplus is not fully absorbed by the market. An interesting destination for glycerol is the production of additives for the biofuel itself, as a green and economical alternative to conventional additives. The objective of this work is to simulate the production processes of three oxygenated fuel additives from the glycerol that is generated in the biodiesel production process: solketal, glycerol tert-butyl ethers (GTBE) and glycerol ethyl ethers (GEE). The processes were simulated in Aspen HYSYS® v8.8 and the capital and production costs were estimated. Among the evaluated alternatives, solketal production showed to be the most promising, since it is simpler than those of the other products and it works with acetone, which is cheaper than tert-butanol - required for GTBE production - and is needed in lower flowrates than ethanol - required for GEE production.
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- 2022
35. Improvement of lignocellulosic pretreatment efficiency by combined chemo - Mechanical pretreatment for energy consumption reduction and biofuel production
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Malinee Sriariyanun, Chitchanok Areepak, Chantaraporn Phalakornkule, Santi Chuetor, Navadol Laosiripojana, Marisa Raita, Thitirat Jiradechakorn, and Verawat Champreda
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Biofuel ,Chemo mechanical ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,food and beverages ,Production (economics) ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Fractionation ,Energy consumption ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
A pretreatment process is a preliminary stage to alter the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass for enhancing its digestibility. An evaluation of the energy consumption and the environmental restrictions of the pretreatment step is required to develop a feasible eco-friendly process for industrial implementation. In this study, a combined alkaline-mechanical fractionation of rice straw for fermentable sugar (FS) production was developed with the objectives of i) evaluating energy efficiency and ii) addressing the sustainability of technology. The maximum fermentable sugar production was 0.54 kg/kg rice straw with an enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of 97.34%. Furthermore, the results indicated that the pretreatment by 5% NaOH followed by mechanical size reduction provided the highest energy efficiency of 0.35 kg of FS/kWh with 94.44% glucose recovery, which also provided the lowest waste generation of less than 0.1 kg of waste/kg FS. These experimental results suggest that the combined alkaline-mechanical fractionation could effectively increase total FS yields and could be a promising pretreatment technology for an eco-friendly and sustainable pretreatment process integrated into a biorefinery platform.
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- 2022
36. Experimental investigation on influence of metal based additives on performance, combustion and emission parameters of diesel engine
- Author
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D.K. Ramesha, K.S. Tejas, K.M. Mrityunjayaswamy, and T. Deepak Kumar
- Subjects
Brake specific fuel consumption ,Biodiesel ,Diesel fuel ,Biofuel ,Environmental science ,Transesterification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Combustion ,Diesel engine ,NOx - Abstract
A biodiesel substitute for regular diesel is widely seen as having greater social advantages, such as decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and sustaining rural agriculture economies, than conventional diesel fuel. As a natural fuel, biodiesel has a variety of feedstocks such as vegetable oils and animal fats. A biodegradable material made from fatty acid esters such as methyl and ethyl. Oils such as palm oil, soya bean oil, sunflower oil, etc., produce the majority of today's biodiesel fuels due to their eco-friendliness and sustainability.. Transesterification of waste chicken fat oil to produce biodiesel in a 1:1 ratio, followed by testing the performance and emission characteristics of a C.I engine running on the biodiesel. There will be three distinct proportions of B10, B20, and B30 blends of biodiesel with diesel and 100 ppm of metal oxide (sio and nio) additive in order to improve fuel ignition and cold starting. When using Conventional Diesel at 180 bar, performance measures such as Brake Power (BP), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), and NOx, HC, and CO emission characteristics of the stated engine at 1500 rpm are analysed. The B20 Biofuel sample was shown to be the most efficient and economical compared to the other two samples, B10 and B30. Nickle oxide and silicon oxide nanoparticles in the B20 blend are particularly interesting due to their features such as improved heat transfer rate.
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- 2022
37. A comprehensive review on lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery for sustainable biofuel production
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Jo Shu Chang, Yoong Kit Leong, Sergey K. Zharmukhamedov, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev, Ayshat M. Bozieva, Ayfer Veziroglu, T. Nejat Veziroglu, John Chi-Wei Lan, Margarita V. Rodionova, and Tatsuya Tomo
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Biomass ,Environmental pollution ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Biorefinery ,Sustainable biofuel ,Pulp and paper industry ,Torrefaction ,Hydrothermal liquefaction ,Fuel Technology ,Biofuel ,Environmental science - Abstract
The increasingly severe environmental pollution and energy shortage issues have demanded the production of renewable and sustainable biofuels to replace conventional fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic (LC) biomass as an abundant feedstock for second-generation biofuel production can help overcome the shortcomings of first-generation biofuels related to the “food versus fuel” debate and feedstock availability. Embracing the “circular bioeconomy” concept, an integrated biorefinery platform of LC biomass can be performed by employing different conversion technologies to obtain multiple valuable products. This review provides an overview of the principles and applications of thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, torrefaction, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification) and biochemical processes (pretreatment technologies, enzyme hydrolysis, biochemical conversion processes) involved in LC biomass biorefinery for potential biofuel applications. The engineering perspective of LC biofuel production on separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), and consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) were also discussed.
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- 2022
38. Better use of bioenergy: A critical review of co-pelletizing for biofuel manufacturing
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Junhong Yang, Zeyu Wang, Xuyang Cui, and Xinyu Shi
- Subjects
Co-pelletizing ,Municipal solid waste ,Process parameters ,Pellets ,Fuel quality ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Biomass ,food and beverages ,Raw material ,Pelletizing ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,Solid fuels ,Biofuel ,Bioenergy ,Pellet fuel ,Pellet ,Environmental science ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Better and more efficient use of biomass energy is seen as a favourable option for reducing carbon emissions. Biomass pellet fuel is one of the most common and important ways of utilising biomass energy. The use of diverse biomass resources with different properties for pelletizing is a current research hotspot. This paper provides an innovative overview of co-pelletization technology for biomass pellet fuels. The chemical composition of various types of biomass is classified and the influence of different biomass matrix feedstocks and pelletizing operating parameters on pellet quality and pelletizing process is summarized. The research results indicate that the natural chemical fraction of biomass has a significant influence on the pelletizing process and fuel quality. Furthermore, co-pelletizing can be divided into biomass-biomass co-pelletizing and biomass-non-biomass co-pelletizing. Common co-pelleting combinations include: woody and herbaceous crop co-pelleting; woody or herbaceous crops with high starch and oil content (e.g. microalgae, peanut shells, etc.); mixed pelleting of different parts of the same crop (e.g. bark and leaves of the same quality); co-pelleting of biomass with solid waste (e.g. municipal sludge, waste paper, etc.). Crop types such as oil and sugar used for co-pelletizing with herbaceous and woody crops help to reduce energy consumption in the preparation of biomass pellet fuel and improve the quality of the pellets. Co-pelletization of non-biomass-based materials (domestic production waste, inorganic additives) with biomass also facilitates the pelletizing process and improves the quality of pellet fuel. It is obvious that mixing different raw materials for co-pelletizing is considered a promising way for upgrading biomass pellet and that economical, environmentally friendly and sustainable raw materials are prerequisites for co-pelletizing. Moreover, co-pelletizing seems to be a strong option for enhancing the competitiveness of biomass pellet fuel production at scale in the future.
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- 2021
39. Pretreatment of agricultural lignocellulosic biomass for fermentable sugar: opportunities, challenges, and future trends.
- Author
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Alawad, Ishag and Ibrahim, Hussameldin
- Abstract
The biofuel yield from lignocellulose biomass depends strongly on the fermentable sugar yield from the hydrolysis step. Enzymatic hydrolysis, the preferable hydrolysis method, gives low sugar yield due to the lignin existence and the cellulose crystallinity. To increase the sugar yield, pretreatment is required to breakdown the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose biomass. This review paper presents a comprehensive critical review of the lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) pretreatment methods for enhanced fermentable sugar yield. There is a need for an effective and cost-efficient pretreatment method that curbs inhibitory products and reduces the use of chemicals and energy. This paper highlighted recent advances in agricultural-based LCB pretreatment; discussed current challenges, advantages, and disadvantages; and suggested future solutions for agricultural-based biofuel production. Examined methods include pulsed electric energy (PEE), ionic liquid, co-solvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation pretreatment, and deep eutectic solvent. Each method was reviewed by its conditions (indicate the use of energy and chemicals), sugar yield, and inhibitory products. The review also researched the synergistic effect of combining more than one pretreatment method as a potential approach to overcome the drawbacks of the individual methods. In addition, the paper suggested improvement for each method and identified the research gaps to be bridged. Also, a comparison, summary, and research perspectives were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Potentials of multi-stress tolerant yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kudriavzevii for fuel ethanol production from industrial cassava wastes
- Author
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James C. Ogbonna, Charles O. Nwuche, Yoshinori Murata, Ifeanyi A. Ndubuisi, and Julius E. Nweze
- Subjects
Ethanol ,biology ,Starch ,Cyanide ,Pulp (paper) ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Extraction (chemistry) ,food and beverages ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,engineering ,Ethanol fuel ,Food science - Abstract
Cassava processing wastes are suitable substrates for bioethanol production due to their high starch contents. However, these cassava wastes often contain various substances that inhibit cell growth and ethanol production. The abilities of multi-stress tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae LC269108 and Pichia kudriavzevii LC375240 to produce ethanol from cassava industrial wastes were evaluated. Analysis of cassava peels and pulps from two cassava starch factories showed that the cassava peels contained high cyanide (KCN) concentrations while cassava pulps contained high concentrations of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) used to improve starch extraction in the factory. Although S. cerevisiae LC269108 produced ethanol efficiently from the cassava peel, its growth and ethanol production were inhibited in the cassava pulp. On the other hand, the growth and ethanol production by P. kudriavzevii LC375240 were inhibited slightly in the cassava peel but not in the cassava pulp. Based on the intracellular pyruvate concentrations in the presence of KCN and SDBS, it was inferred that their inhibition site is on the pyruvate synthetic pathways. With a co-culture of the two strains, ethanol production from the cassava peel increased significantly but there was no significant improvement in ethanol production from the cassava pulp.
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- 2021
41. Yeast cell factories for sustainable whey-to-ethanol valorisation towards a circular economy
- Author
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Sara Isabel Leite Baptista, Carlos Costa, Patrícia Carvalho, Lucília Domingues, and Universidade do Minho
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Environmental Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade ,Metabolic engineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,cheese whey ,yeast fermentation ,Biogas ,TP315-360 ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Ethanol fuel ,Renewable carbon sources ,Cheese whey ,Waste Management and Disposal ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Science & Technology ,Ethanol ,030306 microbiology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,food and beverages ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,Fuel ,Yeast ,Fuel Technology ,Biofuel ,renewable carbon sources ,Fermentation ,HD9502-9502.5 ,Business ,ethanol ,Valorisation ,metabolic engineering ,Yeast fermentation ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Cheese whey is the major by-product of the dairy industry, and its disposal constitutes an environmental concern. The production of cheese whey has been increasing, with 190 million tonnes per year being produced nowadays. Therefore, it is emergent to consider different routes for cheese whey utilization. The great nutritional value of cheese whey turns it into an attractive substrate for biotechnological applications. Currently, cheese whey processing includes a protein fractionating step that originates the permeate, a lactose-reach stream further used for valorisation. In the last decades, yeast fermentation has brought several advances to the search for biorefinery alternatives. From the plethora of value-added products that can be obtained from cheese whey, ethanol is the most extensively explored since it is the alternative biofuel most used worldwide. Thus, this review focuses on the different strategies for ethanol production from cheese whey using yeasts as promising biological systems, including its integration in lignocellulosic biorefineries. These valorisation routes encompass the improvement of the fermentation process as well as metabolic engineering techniques for the introduction of heterologous pathways, resorting mainly to Kluyveromyces sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The solutions and challenges of the several strategies will be unveiled and explored in this review., This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020; the Ph.D. grants SFRH/BD/130739/2017 and SFRH/BD/132717/2017 to CEC and SLB, respectively., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
42. Sustainable Production of Acrylic Acid via 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass
- Author
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Emma C. Brace, Teresa A. Martin, Yoel Cortés-Peña, Jeremy S. Guest, Huimin Zhao, Yalin Li, and Sarang S. Bhagwat
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,General Chemistry ,3-Hydroxypropionic acid ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Renewable energy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Corn stover ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Bioproducts ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,business ,Acrylic acid - Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable feedstock for the sustainable manufacturing of biofuels and bioproducts. Among emerging bioproducts, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is of particular...
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- 2021
43. Mass Balance Analysis of Bioethanol Production from Petai Peel (Parkia speciosa) through Enzymatic Process
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Nerissa Arviana, Luckyana Aini, Erwan Adi Saputro, A.R Yelvia Sunarti, Reva Edra Nugraha, and Rachmad Ramadhan Yogaswara
- Subjects
Balance (accounting) ,Parkia speciosa ,biology ,Biofuel ,Chemistry ,Production (economics) ,Enzymatic process ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
The consumption of fuel for transportation is increasing during the last decade. Bioethanol is one of the renewable energy has a good opportunity to be applied when the lack of fossil fuel. Bioethanol is derived from the lignocellulose substance through a fermentation process. In this research, the lignocellulose came from the petai peel (Parkia speciosa). The peel was hydrolyzed using an enzyme and continuously fermented for 5 days. The aim of this research is to analyst the mass balance of the bioethanol production from petai peel (Parkia speciosa) through the enzymatic process. The enzyme used in this research are alfa amylase (10 ml) and glucoamylase (10 ml), also Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in the fermentation process. The result shows that the initial material of petai peel was 57 grams will produce bioethanol around 14 grams.
- Published
- 2021
44. Bioprocessing of Oat Hulls to Ethylene: Impact of Dilute HNO3- or NaOH-Pretreatment on Process Efficiency and Sustainability
- Author
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V. V. Budaeva, Maria A. Kovgan, V. A. Chumachenko, E. A. Skiba, E. V. Ovchinnikova, G. F. Mironova, and Sardana P. Banzaraktsaeva
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Ethylene ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,E factor ,Pulp and paper industry ,Renewable energy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Material balance ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Process efficiency ,Environmental Chemistry ,Oat hulls ,Bioprocess ,business - Abstract
Agricultural wastes are cost-effective, renewable, and abundant. Using bioethanol from oat hulls (o.h.) could be a promising technology to produce ethylene and valuable derivatives. This process fo...
- Published
- 2021
45. Immobilised microalgae simultaneously treat wastewater and produce biomass for biofuel production
- Author
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Ikram Ullah, Farhan Younas, Arshad Islam, Khunsa Saeed Kiani, and Aqsa Javaid
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Soil Science ,Biomass ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Analytical Chemistry ,Wastewater ,Biofuel ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 2021
46. Application of Nanotechnology in the Production of Biohydrogen: A Review
- Author
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Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Trinath Biswal, and Krushna Prasad Shadangi
- Subjects
Biofuel ,General Chemical Engineering ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Biohydrogen ,General Chemistry ,Dark fermentation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2021
47. Box-Behnken design for the optimization of bioethanol production from rice straw and sugarcane bagasse by newly isolated Pichia occidentalis strain AS.2
- Author
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Waleed K. El-Zawawy, Yasser R. Abdel-Fattah, Ahmed Saleh, Zeinab Khaled Abd El-Aziz, Nadia A. Soliman, Maha M. Ibrahim, and Mohamed Hammad Elsayed
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Strain (chemistry) ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Biofuel ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Rice straw ,Pulp and paper industry ,Bagasse ,Box–Behnken design ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Mathematics ,Pichia occidentalis - Abstract
This study investigated bioethanol production from rice straw (RS) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) which containing 72.8 and 73.2% holocellulose, 56.8 and 58.6% α-cellulose, and 14.9 and 25.1% lignin for RS and SCB, respectively. To eliminate the lignin content, different pretreatment conditions, such as hot water, dilute acid, and acid-alkali, were designed. Acid-alkali was characterized as the best pretreatment for removing ∼79 and 70% of lignin, α-cellulose increased 91.4 and 91%, and holocellulose reached 90.8 and 90% for RS and SCB, respectively. The results revealed that acid-alkali was highly efficient than other pretreatment used for both RS and SCB. After enzymatic hydrolysis of acid-alkali-treated RS and SCB with cellulase, glucose concentrations reached 45 and 42 g/l, respectively. Pichia occidentalis AS.2 was isolated and identified based on 18S rRNA sequencing as a bioethanol producer. Maximization of bioethanol production by P. occidentalis AS.2 using the resulting glucose as a carbon source from RS and SCB was studied using an experimental design. The pH, incubation period, and inoculum size were optimized using Box-Behnken designs (BBD), the final conditions for bioethanol production used 100 g/l acid-alkali-treated fibers, 10 ml cellulase enzyme at 50°C for 5 days at 75 rpm for enzymatic hydrolysis. After time consumed and adjusting the pH to 6, the mixture was inoculated with 2.5% P. occidentalis AS.2 and incubated at 35°C for 24 h at 200 rpm to increase the bioethanol yield by 1.39-fold to 23.7 and 21.4 g/l compared to initial production (17 and 15.3 g/l) between RS and SCB, respectively.
- Published
- 2021
48. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated wastepaper for bioethanol production
- Author
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Pranta Barua, Nazia Hossain, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Lee Lai Hoong, and Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
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Chemistry ,Biofuel ,General Chemical Engineering ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
49. Performance, Emissions, and Efficiency of Biodiesel versus Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO), Considering Different Driving Cycles Sensitivity Analysis (NEDC and WLTP)
- Author
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Luis Serrano, Cristina Correia, Nuno Pires, and Barbara Santana
- Subjects
CO2 ,Biodiesel ,business.industry ,Pollutant emissions ,advanced fuels ,Fossil fuel ,emissions ,energetic efficiency ,Fuel ,Pulp and paper industry ,biofuels ,Renewable energy ,engine performance ,Diesel fuel ,TP315-360 ,Biofuel ,Fuel efficiency ,Environmental science ,business - Abstract
The use of biofuels in vehicles becomes more advantageous than the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly because it uses renewable sources of energy. Recently there are some concerns about biodiesel sources, and hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) appear as a possible advanced solution. To understand the effect that the implementation of the new and old European type-approval test cycles (NEDC e WLTP) has on the results of these fuels considering pollutant emissions and fuel consumption results, a EURO V vehicle was subject to these cycles and also to engine performance evaluation tests. For this analysis, the fuels considered were: B0 (pure diesel), B7 (7% of biodiesel), B15 (15% of biodiesel), B100 (pure biodiesel), and HVO15 (15% of HVO). The findings lead to the conclusion that completely replacing fossil fuels with biofuels is not the most cost-effective approach. No significant differences were observed considering the two homologation cycles, the oldest (NEDC) and the actual (WLTP) and the use of HVO also does not present any relevant differences concerning the fuel consumption differences to B0 (+0.58% NEDC and +0.05%WLTP), comparing well with biodiesel behavior (−1.74% NEDC and −0.69%WLTP for B7 and +1.48% NEDC and 1.89% WLTP for B15). Considering the power of the engine obtained with the fuels, the differences are almost negligible, revealing variations smaller than 2% for B7, B15, and HVO15.
- Published
- 2021
50. Algae Biomass as a Potential Source of Liquid Fuels
- Author
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Marcin Zieliński, Marcin Dębowski, Joanna Kazimierowicz, and Izabela Świca
- Subjects
Anaerobic digestion ,Biodiesel ,Biogas ,Biofuel ,Bioenergy ,business.industry ,Biomass ,Environmental science ,Biohydrogen ,Pulp and paper industry ,business ,Renewable energy - Abstract
Algae biomass is perceived as a prospective source of many types of biofuels, including biogas and biomethane produced in the anaerobic digestion process, ethanol from alcoholic fermentation, biodiesel synthesized from lipid reserve substances, and biohydrogen generated in photobiological transformations. Environmental and economic analyses as well as technological considerations indicate that methane fermentation integrated with bio-oil recovery is one of the most justified directions of energy use of microalgae biomass for energy purposes. A promising direction in the development of bioenergy systems based on the use of microalgae is their integration with waste and pollution neutralization technologies. The use of wastewater, another liquid waste, or flue gases can reduce the costs of biofuel production while having a measurable environmental effect.
- Published
- 2021
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