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The daily trips of urban residents in different transport modes reflect the urban mobility pattern and the latent spatial structure of the city, which is seldom addressed in the literature. A network-based cluster model is applied in this paper based on multimode transit big data. Thus, the urban spatial form can be observed at different levels according to the travel modes and distance, differing from traditional geographic structures. This paper will identify the urban mobility pattern and the corresponding spatial form by taking the Beijing metropolitan area as a study area. Origin–destination data at the traffic analysis zone level were collected, covering shared bike, bus, and metro. The results show that the metro trips reflect the single-center feature of Beijing. However, the multicenter development trend can be revealed by bus and shared-bike data. This paper finds that shared bike supports the establishment of subcenters as a new transport mode. The urban spatial form presents a complex feature of multiple levels and spatial diversity due to the comprehensive effect of multiple travel modes. The study results can provide a basis for the planning of transit network and urban equilibrium land use and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community outdoor public spaces are indispensable to urban residents' daily lives. Analyzing community outdoor public spaces from a behavioral perspective is crucial and an effective way to support human-centered development in urban areas. Traditional behavioral analysis often relies on manually collected behavioral data, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and lacks data breadth. With the use of sensors, the breadth of behavioral data has greatly increased, but its accuracy is still insufficient, especially in the fine-grained differentiation of populations and behaviors. Computer vision is more efficient in distinguishing populations and recognizing behaviors. However, most existing computer vision applications face some challenges. For example, behavior recognition is limited to pedestrian trajectory recognition, and there are few that recognize the diverse behaviors of crowds. In view of these gaps, this paper proposes a more efficient approach that employs computer vision tools to examine different populations and different behaviors, obtain important statistical measures of spatial behavior, taking the Bajiao Cultural Square in Beijing as a test bed. This population and behavior recognition model presents several improvement strategies: Firstly, by leveraging an attention mechanism, which emulates the human selective cognitive mechanism, it is capable of accentuating pertinent information while disregarding extraneous data, and the ResNet backbone network can be refined by integrating channel attention. This enables the amplification of critical feature channels or the suppression of irrelevant feature channels, thereby enhancing the efficacy of population and behavior recognition. Secondly, it uses public datasets and self-made data to construct the dataset required by this model to improve the robustness of the detection model in specific scenarios. This model can distinguish five types of people and six kinds of behaviors, with an identification accuracy of 83%, achieving fine-grained behavior detection for different populations. To a certain extent, it solves the problem that traditional data face of large-scale behavioral data being difficult to refine. The population and behavior recognition model was adapted and applied in conjunction with spatial typology analysis, and we can conclude that different crowds have different behavioral preferences. There is inconsistency in the use of space by different crowds, there is inconsistency between behavioral and spatial function, and behavior is concentrated over time. This provides more comprehensive and reliable decision support for fine-grained planning and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid suburbanization in China is dramatically reshaping the daily life of urban residents. In China, long-distance commuting, traffic congestion, spatial mismatch and the low quality of life resulting from residential suburbanization are causing widespread concern. This paper compares the changes in time allocation from a time-use perspective, based on two activity-travel survey datasets collected in suburban Beijing in respectively 2007 and 2017. Travelling time to work has increased substantially between 2007 and 2017 and particularly impacted non-working activities. Working and commuting showed to have the greatest impact on time allocated to non-work activities, both in home and out of home, both maintenance and discretionary activities. Furthermore, residents' allocation of time to non-work activities shows to be influenced too by their socioeconomic attributes, such as gender, marital status and household configuration (e.g. extended family). We found that the space–time constraints imposed by household responsibilities leads to greater gender differences in time allocation. This paper provides insight into how urban residents reallocate their time as a result of increasing suburbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial upgrading and transfer is one of the three key areas in the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. Meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) are important means of promoting industrial upgrading. Urban MICE industry, as an important carrier of event activities, become an important gripper for coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. City exhibition space structure plays an dominant role in regional economic development, and it will greatly promote smooth implementation of the coordinated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. In this paper, 13 prefecture-level cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei were selected as research objects, and the data from 2012 to 2018 were selected to establish a gravity model of the attractiveness of MICE cities. With the help of UCINET software, the network density, centrality, cohesive subgroup and core-edge of nodes researches were obtained to analyze the spatial structure characteristics of the attractiveness of MICE cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The influencing factors of the spatial characteristics of MICE city attractiveness are analyzed by using geographically weighted regression model. The results show that: (1) Beijing, as the overall core area, act as a prominent role. Beijing strengthens the attraction to the superior resources of the surrounding areas, but the network of MICE cities tends to be unbalanced. (2) Overall space forms a subgroup from a single independent subgroup to a subgroup that is spatially separated from each other and acts as an intermediary channel to connect each other, and the core region decreases from 3 to 2. Langfang was removed from the list, leaving Beijing and Tianjin as the core. (3) The influence of supporting facilities, urban environment and population factors on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is increasing gradually. The influence of tourism development level on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is decreasing gradually. The influence of economic development level and Internet development level on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region remains unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has made remarkable achievements in reducing carbon emissions in recent years. However, there is still much reduction room before achieving carbon neutrality. In Beijing, the capital of China, it is a strategic choice to respond to global climate change by promoting green and low-carbon development. This paper calculates the carbon dioxide emissions of key industries in Beijing and analyzes the temporal evolution trend of carbon emissions. Carbon dioxide emissions in Beijing before 2030 are predicted based on the grey prediction GM (1,1) and BP neural network model. The effects of factors of carbon dioxide emissions are discussed using the threshold regression model under different economic conditions. The results show that energy consumption intensity, GDP per capita, and the ownership of civil cars have a positive impact on carbon dioxide emissions, while the number of permanent residents and urban green space areas have a negative impact on carbon dioxide emissions. These findings of carbon emission prediction and influencing factors contribute to carbon reduction path design. Related policy implications on carbon emission reduction are put forward from the aspects of promoting industrial upgrading, accelerating the construction of advanced economic structures, optimizing transportation structures, and strengthening green building development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Assessing park accessibility plays an essential role in providing rational recreational services for residents in a city. The perceptions and comments of residents are also important nonspatial factors for accessibility. However, there are few accessibility studies that are combined with public perceptions. Addressing this deficit, this study proposes a perception-based, multi-travel mode, two-step floating catchment area (PM2SFCA) method to calculate park accessibility. First, we quantified the selection probability of residents to parks by integrating the Huff model and the people's perceptions towards parks. Next, under four travel modes (walking, biking, driving and public transport), we combined the Huff model and the two-step floating catchment area method to compute park accessibility. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to illustrate the proposed method compared with the traditional E2SFCA method. Based on the above, taking the area of Beijing within the Fifth Ring Road as a study area, this paper facilitated the accessibility computation. The results indicated that the spatial distribution patterns of accessibility differed greatly under the four travel modes. Even under the same travel mode, there was an uneven accessibility distribution. Areas with high accessibility were mainly concentrated in the north, and some marginal areas also presented higher accessibility to parks. The comparative analysis results suggest that our proposed method for accessibility measurements alleviates the underestimation and overestimation of accessibility values obtained by a traditional method such as the center and edge of the study area. The research explores a new research perspective for measuring park accessibility. Furthermore, this study offers better guidance for policymakers trying to optimize park spatial distribution issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of industrial civilisation, urban environmental problems are increasingly severe. However, Chinese urban residents' actual adoption level of pro-environment behaviours (PEBs) is still relatively low. In order to improve the residents' PEBs adoption, this paper combined the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Norm Activation Model and the Attitude-Behaviour-Context theory into a holistic framework to explore the determinants of private-sphere PEBs. In this model, we assess the determinants of private-sphere PEBs from perspectives of intrapersonal and contextual factors and treat private-sphere PEBs as three different types of behaviours, namely environmental purchasing behaviours, environmental transport behaviours and conservation behaviours, rather than aggregated and undifferentiated construct or a single item behaviour. The model was tested empirically by primary data collected from 1,054 citizens in Beijing and Shanghai in China. The results indicate that intrapersonal factors, such as pro-environmental intentions and personal norms, are significant positive factors of private-sphere PEBs adoption; contextual constraints have negative direct effects on the three types of private-sphere PEBs adoption; contextual constraints act as a moderator between pro-environmental intentions and private-sphere PEBs, while the moderating effects are sensitive to the types of private-sphere PEBs. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of residents' adoption of private-sphere PEBs and making more targeted policies accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The paper investigated the NEAP in greenspace exposure and found its prevalence. • It unveiled distinct spatial patterns of exposure differences between RME and MBE. • It examined individual mobility patterns' impact on the NEAP and exposure assessments. • It identified sociodemographic disparities in greenspace exposure assessments due to the NEAP. • The results can inform targeted interventions on equitable greenspace policies. Urban greenspaces are pivotal in enhancing the well-being and health of city residents. Accurate assessment of an individual's exposure to these natural settings is thus crucial in urban greenspace planning. However, the dynamic nature of human mobility, which determines the amount of greenspace exposure accessed over time and space, often leads to a divergence between the actual Mobility-Based Exposure (MBE) and the traditional Residence-Based Exposure (RBE). This discrepancy, encapsulated as the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP), prompted us to examine the bias introduced by such discrepancy and its association with various human-based factors. This study delves into the complex interplay among the NEAP, individual mobility patterns, and demographic characteristics with fine-resolution estimations in Beijing, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of the NEAP's influence. Uncovering heterogeneous patterns of disparity between RBE and MBE across distinct geographical realms and sociodemographic cohorts, and how such effects are mediated by populations with diverse mobility traits, the study illuminates the prevalence and complexity of the NEAP. Younger individuals, the employed population, those with larger activity spaces, high visitation diversity, and travel frequency, and residents living in areas with significant deviations from mean RBE levels experience a more pronounced NEAP impact. These insights contribute to a holistic grasp of the NEAP and underscore the imperative of inclusive greenspace urban planning that caters to the diverse mobility patterns and disparities among residents from different demographic groups, offering invaluable guidance for policy interventions to amplify greenspace exposure and address health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension and frailty often occur concurrently, exhibiting increasing prevalence in the older population. In this study, we analyzed the frailty status among older adults with hypertension and the impact of their interaction on death risk. Method: This prospective cohort survey study included data from older people in an urban community in Beijing collected between 2009 and 2020 using the cluster random sampling method. The participants were older adults who were ≥ 60 years old at the time of investigation and had lived at the place of investigation for > 1 year. The survey variables comprised those related to health and frailty status assessed during the 2009 baseline survey, along with death-related information as outcome variables in 2020. Additionally, a frailty index (FI) model was used to examine the frailty status among the older adults at baseline. The effects of hypertension prevalence on the age-related frailty changes as well as on mortality for varying degrees of frailty were further analyzed. Lastly, Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier curves were applied to evaluate the impact of the interaction between hypertension and frailty on death risk. Results: Ultimately, 1197 older individuals aged between 60 and 101 years(average age at baseline: 74.8 ± 8.6 years) were included.Among them, 475 individuals were men (mean age:74.8 ± 8.8 years), and 722 were women (mean age:74.8 ± 8.4 years).Frailty was identified in 151 individuals, leading to a prevalence rate of 12.6%(151/1197),while hypertension was detected in 593 (prevalence rate:49.5% [593/1197]).A total of 443 deaths were recorded by 2020, resulting in a mortality rate of 37.0% (443/1197).Moreover, FI values and mortality rates were higher at any age in older adults with hypertension compared with those without hypertension. Survival time analysis showed that the median survival time of older adults with hypertension and frailty was the shortest (39.0[95%CI: 35.6–42.3] months)when compared with that of older adults without hypertension but with frailty (52.9 [95%CI: 46.6-59.3] months), those with hypertension but without frailty (102.7 [95%CI: 98.7–106.8] months), and those without hypertension and frailty (127.9 [95%CI: 113.5–134.7] months),with log-rank x2 = 999.686 and P < 0.001. Furthermore, Cox regression results demonstrated that older adults with hypertension and frailty had the highest death risk when compared with that of older adults without hypertension and frailty (HR = 1.792, P < 0.001), those without hypertension but with frailty (HR = 1.484, P < 0.001), and those with hypertension but without frailty (HR = 1.406, P = 0.005). Conclusion: Frailty is prevalent among older adults with hypertension; however, older adults with both hypertension and frailty have a relatively higher mortality risk. Therefore, screening and assessment of frailty in the older population with hypertension are crucial for its early identification, thereby enabling timely and appropriate interventions to prevent or delay the adverse effects of this concurrent condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study addresses the concern of managing and coexisting with community cats in urban areas. The study was conducted in urban China through a survey involving 5382 participants. It explores the residents' perceptions of the general health of community cats and the relationships between humans and these feline inhabitants. The findings show that about 70% of participants considered all or most of the community cats to be in good health, and about 60% reported harmonious or non-conflict coexistence. It was found that residents' relationships with community cats were associated with socio-demographic factors such as education, marital status, and income level. The study highlights the importance of customized approaches to cat management in various cities and communities. This provides useful information for stakeholders to create efficient policies and interventions for the welfare of the community cats and the people who live alongside them. The management and coexistence of community cats in urban areas is a growing concern amid global urbanization. Through a survey-based investigation, we examine the residents' perceptions of the general health of community cats and human-cat relationships in urban China. The data from 5382 participants revealed that approximately 70% of participants perceived community cats as being in good health, and 60% reported harmonious or non-conflict coexistence between residents and these cats. Around 45% of the participants rescued or helped community cats, 38% expressed their intention to adopt, and 18% complained about the issues of community cats to management staff. Linear, logistic, and multilevel-logistic regressions were employed to examine the associations between the types of cities and communities or the participants' socio-demographics and the perceived well-being of community cats or human-cat relationships. The results show that the cats in fourth-tier cities (e.g., county-level cities) had poorer living conditions than in first-tier cities (e.g., Beijing), while the cats in urban village communities (e.g., villages in the city) were less likely to exhibit good health than in ordinary commercial housing communities. The results also show that socio-demographic variables, such as educational attainment, marital status, and income level, predicted participants' relationships with community cats. This study is the first of its kind. It provides valuable insights for stakeholders to develop effective policies and interventions on cat management, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies in diverse urban settings and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A bus bridging approach to cooperate with the first train operations in a subway network. • An explicitly integrated MILP model for the first train and bus bridging timetabling problems. • A tailored algorithm for optimally solving the first train timetabling and bus service bridging problems. • The model and the approach are applied to the Beijing subway network. Subway system is the main mode of transportation for city dwellers and is a quite significant backbone to a city's operations. One of the challenges of subway network operation is the scheduling of the first trains each morning and its impact on transfers. To deal with this challenge, some cities (e.g. Beijing) use bus 'bridging' services, temporarily substituting segments of the subway network. The present paper optimally identifies when to start each train and bus bridging service in an intermodal transit network. Starting from a mixed integer nonlinear programming model for the first train timetabling problem, we linearize and reformulate the model using the auxiliary binary variables. Following that, the bus bridging model is developed to cooperate with the first train operation for reducing long transfer waiting times. After realizing the low computational efficiency of solving the integrated model, a tailored algorithm is designed to optimally solve the first train timetabling and bus service bridging problems. The exact models and algorithms are applied to the Beijing subway network to test their effectiveness and computational efficiency. Numerical results show that our approaches decrease the total passenger waiting time by 53.4% by a combined effect of adjusting the first train departure times and operating 27 bridging buses on 7 routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization is reducing the limited urban public space available for residents to improve urban life. SDG 11.7.1 is used to assess the equity of urban public spaces, but it focuses only on the equity of public space at the city level, ignoring whether the public space resources in areas within the city match the needs of residents. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-level framework for assessing the spatial equity of urban public space towards SDG 11.7.1. Based on this, the calculation method of SDG 11.7.1 is refined and the progress of SDG 11.7.1 is assessed at the city level. Then, the spatial equity of open public spaces (OPS) at the grid level is explored based on an improved 2SFCA model. The results show that Beijing has made rapid progress in promoting the implementation of SDG 11.7.1, but there is still a significant gap in the requirements of SDG 11.7. In addition, the spatial equity assessment results indicate significant spatial inequity in the allocation of OPS resources in Beijing. The study can provide a scientific reference for other cities to conduct quantitative measurements of SDG 11.7.1, and a scientific basis for planners and policy-makers to allocate urban OPS more rationally and equitably. • Expands the scientific connotations of SDG 11.7.1 from a spatial equity perspective. • Proposed a multi-level framework to explore the spatial equity of OPS towards SDG 11.7.1. • Accesses the status, gap and actions in the implementation of SDG 11.7.1 in Beijing. • Provided experience and demonstration for similar city-level assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has become a dominant form of spatial planning and land use in large cities internationally. As the intersections of urban space and rail transportation, metro station areas play a key public service function in the lives of city residents. Based on the "5D" index and Node-Place theory in the metro station area, current research on the built environment in metro station areas focuses on improving the economic and transportation efficiency while neglecting public perception of the construction of station space. Sentiments, as an important part of the individual's perception, are closely related to the built environment. Therefore, this study takes 187 metro stations within the fifth ring road of Beijing, China, as an example and extracts public sentiment information from social media data using a wide range of natural language processing techniques to quantitatively analyze the distribution of the public's sentiment characteristics (including intensity, polarity, and category) in the metro station area and deeply explores the spatial correlation with the distribution of the objective built environment elements. The study shows that influenced by the spatial design of the metro station, density, land use functions, etc., the sentiment intensity of the station area within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing is "strong in the east and weak in the west, strong in the north and weak in the south", and the sentiment polarity has the characteristic of gradually negative from inside to outside in a circular pattern. Synthesizing the sentiment perception in the metro station area, our study further divided the Beijing metro station area into four major categories and eight specific subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With population aging becoming increasingly prominent, it has been recognized as a critical issue for urban planners whether older adults can access fair, high-quality medical services. Yet, few studies have investigated urban medical accessibility at a departmental level for older adults. Taking Beijing as a case study, this study puts forth a novel framework augmented by multisource data to analyze subdistrict-scale accessibility to urban medical departments, with a particular emphasis on older adults' common diseases. Online registration data were collected to indicate the supply capacity of medical services, with the influence of department reputation taken into account when determining the facilities' service range. A hierarchical two-step floating catchment area method was employed to examine accessibility for older adults to the cardiovascular, orthopedic, endocrinology, respiratory, and neurology departments. Subsequently, Gini indices were calculated to evaluate medical accessibility equity across urban spaces. Additionally, multiple linear regression was used to explore the correlations between medical accessibility and potential influencing factors. Results showed that medical accessibility is typically higher in downtown areas and decreases from the urban center to the peripheral areas in Beijing. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and orthopedic patients face relatively greater difficulty in accessing appropriate medical resources. Furthermore, significant inequity in medical accessibility was observed among the subdistricts at different locations, with accessibility inequity in the ecological conservation area being particularly concerning. Additionally, seven factors were found to significantly affect accessibility, including distance to the urban center, density of arterial and collector roads, proportion of residential land use, proportion of public service land use, proportion of transportation land use, and proportion of vehicle ownership. The proposed framework could identify subdistricts with low accessibility for older adult patients to access different medical departments. Therefore, it could potentially support the policy-making process by offering guidelines to adjust the construction plan of the medical system in metropolises and optimize the direction for resource input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk-related information regarding air pollution can help people understand the risk involved and take preventive measures to reduce health loss. However, the health benefits through these protective behaviors and the health threat of information inequality have not been systematically measured. This article reports the health gains and losses caused by the interaction of "air pollution—air pollution information—human", and studies the heterogeneity and impact of this interaction. Based on field investigations and transfer learning algorism, this study compiled the first nationwide city-level risk-related information (ERI) response parameter set in China. Then, we developed a Information-Behavioral Equivalent PM2.5 Exposure Model (I-BEPEM) model to project the health benefits caused by the impact of environmental risk-related information on residents' protective behaviors under different scenarios. The protective behavior led by air pollution risk information reduces 5.7% PM2.5-related premature deaths per year. With a 1% increase in regional ERI reception, PM2.5-related premature mortality decreases by 0.1% on average; If the level of information perception and behavioral protection in all cities is the same as that in Beijing, PM2.5-related premature deaths will decrease by 6.9% annually in China. Further, changing the air quality standard issued by China to the American standard can reduce the overall PM2.5-related premature deaths by 9.9%. Meanwhile, compared with men, other age groups and rural residents, women, older persons, and urban residents are more likely to conceive risk information and adopt protective behaviors to reduce the risk of premature death from air pollution. Air pollution risk information can significantly reduce people's health loss. Changing the real-time air quality monitoring information indicator standard to a more stringent level can quickly and effectively enhance this effect. However, the uneven distribution of this information in regions and populations has resulted in the inequality of health gains and losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Urban and rural energy rebound effects in Beijing are studied by LA-AIDS model. • Energy rebound from substitution and income effects is decomposed by Slutsky equation. • Energy rebound effect of rural residents exceeded that of urban residents after 2010. • The income effect is the main source of the energy rebound effect in Beijing. • Energy rebound caused by various commodity groups presents obvious heterogeneity. With Beijing facing greater pressure for energy conservation, improving energy efficiency becomes more necessary. However, the energy rebound effect may weaken this energy-saving effect. Using the LA-AIDS (Linear Approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System) model and simulation analysis, this paper evaluates the energy rebound effects of different commodity groups in Beijing's urban and rural households during 2000–2019. Then, the Slutsky decomposition equation is introduced to decompose the energy rebound caused by the substitution and income effects. Results suggest that: (1) The energy consumption of urban and rural residents shows a partial rebound in most years, and the energy rebound effect of rural residents exceeded that of urban residents after 2010. (2) The income effect from commodity price changes is the main source of the energy rebound effect both in urban and rural households. (3) The commodity groups Residence, Household facilities & Services, Transportation & Communication and Health care & Medical services have the same influencing direction on the energy rebound effect in urban and rural residents, while the commodity groups Food, Tobacco & Alcohol, Clothing and Culture, Education & Entertainment have different influencing direction. Finally, suggestions are provided for alleviating the energy rebound effect of households in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies using Hedonic housing price model to discuss residents' demand for urban green space (UGS) demonstrate the importance that residents place on UGS. While much of the empirical findings have focused on residents' willingness to pay, more attention needs to be paid on its temporal change and spatial heterogeneity. Taking advantage of the diverse composition of urban parks, housing, and residents in Beijing, this paper explores the dynamic and heterogeneous demand for UGS. Using more than 240 thousand micro housing resale transaction data from 2011 to 2019, this paper constructs a Hedonic model to empirically estimate and confirm the basic, dynamic and heterogenous willingness to pay of residents for urban parks. Our empirical findings confirm the rising and heterogeneous demand for UGS by Chinese urban residents. First, the willingness to pay for parks of urban residents has continued to grow during our study period. Second, in view of different socioeconomic characteristics, there exists heterogeneous demand related to the housing of residents and different types of parks. Residents who live in homes with a larger size have a stronger demand for urban parks. Meanwhile, urban residents prefer parks with free entry over fee-based parks, and they have strong preference for some specific types of parks. Moreover, we conduct a survey and collect 907 valid samples to directly obtain residents' willingness to pay for urban parks, and the survey results further confirm the abovementioned findings. This study deepens the understanding of urban residents' demand for UGS, and will contribute to more scientific decision making on the planning, financing and management of UGS. • Hedonic price model was used to estimate residents' demand for urban parks in Beijing. • The willingness to pay for urban parks by residents has continued to grow during 2011–2019. • There exists heterogeneous demand for urban parks, which is related to both residents' income and park types. • The abovementioned findings were confirmed by questionnaire survey which directly obtain residents' willingness to pay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mismatch between the spatial patterns of urban green parks (UGP) and population in urban areas is a common phenomenon in Chinese cities and elsewhere. Whether and to what extent such mismatch may impact the realization of Ecosystem Service (ES) provided by the former remain unclear. Stemming from the Ecosystem Service Flow (ESF) perspective, this paper argues that the distance-decay effects and spatial heterogeneity in the propagation process of the ESF with different conveyors may render the various types of ES demonstrating different location sensitivity in both provision and realization terms. We then present an "is-ought" framework for analyzing the supply-demand relationship of ES, which features deductively obtained ES provision potential and empirically observed ES realization, both are spatially explicitly mapped. Refined ontological and distance-decay modeling methods and mobile signaling data were introduced to implement the framework taking Beijing as a case. For the two typical types of ES in urban environments, the recreational and thermoregulating services, we find that there indeed exists under- or over-supply of ES along the center-periphery gradient of the city. The findings have policy implications for the planning and management of UGP. ● An "is-ought" framework for analyzing ES supply-demand relationship. ● Spatially explicit mapping of recreational and thermoregulation ES. ● Big-data and remote sensing-enabled methods to empirically observe ES realization. ● Beijing's parks show recreational ES deficit in the center and surplus on periphery. ● Beijing's parks show insufficient thermoregulating ES across the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing the increasingly strong demand for quality urban residential space, we studied the temporal needs for and satisfaction with residential space and public service facilities in communities and residential districts. In this study, data sources including geographical data from remote sensing satellite sensors, point of interest (POI), area of interest (AOI), and Baidu Maps from mobile phone sensors were used, and multi-source data process and analysis technologies were studied. A multi-level analytical method was established, which included the overall analysis of the allocation of community public service facilities, the evaluation of three categories of public service facilities in residential districts, and the analysis of population mobility and characterizations of residents. A functional mix index and a coordinated development index were adopted, and an indicator evaluation system based on methods of computing coverage and compliance was proposed. Taking the core area of Beijing as an example, we analyzed detailed allocation conditions of public service facilities, including their spatial and temporal insufficiencies. Our results show that residential districts in the core area of Beijing should consider safe sites and park layouts within the walking range of living areas, improve the quality of property services, and create a multi-functional living environment. In this study, we offer methods of studying the distribution of small-scale urban population structures and evaluating the quality of urban residential space; we thereby provide useful information for the planning and management of urban public service facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Residential green spaces and the co-inhabiting bird communities provide critical cultural ecosystem services for urban dwellers, which is critical for citizens' psychological well-being but has largely been overlooked, especially in China. This study attempted to delineate the relationship between human-nature interactions occurring at different scenarios in the health deriving procedure, and identify the key factors influencing urban residents' psychological well-being and the potential critical human-nature connections within their living spaces. Methods: Bird, plant, and social surveys were sequentially conducted. A model selection procedure based on AICc information was used to find the key factors that are responsible for residents' psychological well-being, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to figure out the key drivers for the occurrence of critical within-living-space human-nature connections. Results: Most of the respondents are aware of the neighborhood biodiversity and most of them are fond of it, and respondents who prefer fauna over flora have a considerably lower depression degree. Watching birds is the only critical within-living-space nature-related activity that is responsible for residents' psychological well-being. Both residents' psychological well-being and bird watching activity were simultaneously affected by nature-related activities within and outside the living spaces, while their preference for different aspects of biodiversity and their capability in perceiving them were also important, despite the difference in exact parameters. In addition, personal attributes such as age, financial income, and physical or mental health status also contribute to psychological well-being. Conclusions: This study successfully bridged citizens' minds with health products, and the major contribution was the demonstration of a spatial-scale-oriented circuit for people-nature connections, which contributes to the practical application of nature-based therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging in place with a suitable living environment is essential for the health and well-being of older adults. However, the willingness of older people to modify their housing to meet their needs is not strong. Using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, the study first explores the weights of factors, such as perceived behavioral control, policies, and market conditions that influence older adults' behavioral intention. Then, a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to dissect the psychological factors which account for the largest proportion. Using data from 560 people aged 70 or older from Beijing, results suggest that effectiveness perception, cost perception, and subjective norms can influence older people's behavioral intention directly or indirectly through emotional attitudes. Risk perception can moderate the level of behavioral intention triggered by cost perceptions. This study provides new evidence for the impact of factors and interaction mechanism on older adults' behavioral intentions toward age-friendly home modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As urbanization continues to accelerate, the urban heat island effects have become one of the most important issues affecting the urban environment and people's living experience. Numerous studies have shown that urban parks and green spaces can effectively alleviate the problem of the urban heat island effect and provide cooling and humidifying effects. Vegetation communities are a fundamental part of urban parklands, and multi-layered vegetation communities are considered to have better cooling and humidifying effects. Previous studies have focused on comparative analyses between different cover types of vegetation communities but have not explored the differences in the cooling and humidifying effects of multi-layered vegetation communities of the same cover type. Therefore, the Olympic Forest Park in Beijing was selected as the subject of this study, and multi-layered vegetation-covered (tree-shrub-grass) with different degrees of densities and uncovered squares were selected for the control and comparison. The cooling and humidifying effects of multi-layered vegetation communities with different canopy densities at different times of the day through field measurements were studied, and the influencing factors for this were analyzed. The results show that the tree cover is the core factor affecting temperature; the degree of the canopy density of multi-layered vegetation communities is significantly and positively correlated with the intensity of cooling and humidification, and the cooling and humidifying effect of multi-layered vegetation communities increases as the degree of canopy density increases. The results of this study can provide some references for the planning and design of urban parks and green spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green space is an important consideration when people purchase housing, and remote sensing technology makes it possible to acquire and analyze urban data on a large scale. The purpose of this article is, using remote sensing data on the Web, to quantify the relationship between urban green space and urban commercial house prices to reflect the increased importance that contemporary urban residents attach to urban green space and the potential economic benefits to real estate that green space enhancement may bring. We establish a model of the impact of urban green space on house prices for three districts in Beijing within the Fifth Ring Road using the hedonic price method, GIS spatial operation, and regression analysis. Then through questionnaire clustering, we summarize the preferences of people of different regions and social attributes in terms of green space accessibility, visibility, and availability indicators. We find that, holding other variables constant, the price of each residence decreases by 0.403 million yuan/m² for each 1 km increase in the distance from the house to the nearest park. Holding other variables constant, each unit increase in the rating of the nearest park increases the price of each residence by 0.144 million yuan/m². Respondents attach more importance to urban green space accessibility than to visibility and availability. Combining these two findings, we propose that the design of green space should take accessibility as the main consideration, that the construction of green space should enhance the coordination between green space and residences, and that the layout of green space should also be differentiated to improve the science of green space system planning. Through this study, we can explore ways to improve the social benefits of public space such as urban green space and help carry out more scientific and reasonable planning of urban green space, so as to promote the sustainable development of environmental and ecological spaces for human settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rapid informatization and increasing urban sprawl, currently, metropolitan residents are facing challenges regarding spatial imbalance between their home, workplace, and activity locations, which seriously affects the quality of life and subjective well-being of urban residents. However, only a few existing studies have analyzed the relationship between home, workplace, and other activity spaces of urban residents and the influence mechanism of spatial separation of the three locations. In this study, we used the mobile phone signaling data of the residents of Beijing for May 2019 to explore the degree of mutual separation of the three locations, based on the identification of the homes, workplaces, and main activity spaces of over 2.3 million residents in Beijing. Leveraging these data, we discussed the influence mechanism of activity separation, in terms of the built environment and socioeconomic factors. The results indicated that the degree of the home-workplace separation was the highest, followed by the home-workplace-activity space separation, and the home-activity space separation was the lowest. Notably, the three types of spatial separations had significant spatial disparities. Attribution analysis indicated housing price as the dominant factor affecting the spatial separation of the residents, while the accessibility and location also having important effects. Moreover, the interaction of these factors had a stronger explanatory power for the spatial separation of the daily activity spaces of the urban residents. This study is the first to estimate the degree of spatial separation among the homes, workplaces, and other activity spaces of urban residents and analyzed their correlation using geographic context factors. Our results can provide useful scientific insights to explore the spatial characteristics of the home-work-activity relationship with respect to metropolitan residents and optimize the spatial distribution of urban functions. • 2.3 million Beijing residents' homes, workplaces, and major activity spaces were identified based on mobile phone data. • This study is the first paper to estimate the spatial separation among the homes, workplaces, and activity spaces. • The separations of homes, workplaces, and activity spaces had significant spatial heterogeneity at the subdistrict scale. • Housing price is the dominant factor for the spatial separation, and accessibility and location also had important effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the impact of food safety concerns and government regulation on Chinese urban residents' organic food consumption willingness and behavior, an "online + offline" survey of 799 urban residents in Beijing has been conducted. Based on the theory of planned behavior, a structural equation model (SEM) was established and the government's food production support regulation (GP) and sales guarantee regulation (GC) were incorporated separately into the SEM as moderator variables. The path influence coefficients of respondents' food safety concerns, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on organic food consumption willingness were 0.065 (p < 0.05), 0.174 (p < 0.01) and 0.574 (p < 0.01), respectively. The influence of GP on organic food consumption willingness was 0.243 (p < 0.01), but its moderating effect on the promotion effect of food safety concerns and attitude to organic food consumption willingness was −0.001 (p < 0.01). The moderating effect of GC on the transformation from consumption willingness to behavior was 0.083 (p < 0.05). The results show that respondents attach the most importance to the comparison of costs and the benefits of organic food. Although the government's food production regulation will weaken the driving effect of food safety concern and benefit perception of organic food consumption willingness, it will still promote organic food consumption willingness on the whole. The government's supervision of food processing and sales is conducive to the occurrence of organic food consumption behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using ethnographic data gathered in Beijing during 2017 and 2018, this article examines numerous urban population displacement events using the concept of spatial governance in order to understand the spatialization of governance in urban China. A particular focus of this article are the Beijing-wide displacements of the so-called "low-end population" that followed a fire in Xinjian Village in 2017. The analysis in this article uses geographic understandings of spatial informality to interrogate how space is made informal and subsequently illegal as a means of population control. The article puts forward the idea that spatial governance is one of the key forms, if not the key form, of governance in urban China. It highlights changes in governance that have resulted in space becoming not just a site for control, but the medium for techniques of control over China's urban population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenway is an important linear public space that meets the diverse needs of the public. With the increasing popularity of greenway construction, the study of different greenway usage behavior in different socio-economic areas is of great value to the detailed design and construction of greenway in the future. Using the theory of environment-behavior studies (EBS), this study selected representative urban greenways and suburban greenways in Beijing, China, and conducted a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test are used to quantitatively analyze and summarize the behavior of greenway users. It is found that user gender, educational level, and residence (i.e., permanent resident or visitor), as well as season of use, are highly similar for urban greenways and suburban greenways in Beijing. However, due to a close relationship with urban location, modified by temporal, spatial, and personal factors, different behavioral characteristics are evident as follows: (1) Urban greenways are most closely related to daily life, work and education of urban residents, with short travel distances, short single use time, high frequency of use, high social and cultural value, wide distribution of age groups and wide distribution of time periods of use. (2) Suburban greenways are an important choice for residents' outdoor activities on weekends and holidays. It is mainly used for ecological protection and sightseeing, supplemented by sports and fitness functions. It has the characteristics of low use frequency, high income level, wide distribution of time and distance, mainly used by young and middle-aged people, and used for a single time of more than 1 hour. Natural scenery along the trail is the most important attraction factor, and waterfront space and walking space are the main use behavior characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Review is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spatial distribution of the urban agglomeration population has changed increasingly in rapid urbanization. It affects the urban economy, environment, transportation, and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the changes in the spatial distribution of population in urban agglomerations. This study used methods such as population center of gravity migration and Gini coefficient to explore changes in the spatial distribution of urban populations. The study found that the population center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration first migrated toward Beijing and then away from Beijing. During this process, the Gini coefficient increased from 0.62 to 0.64 and then decreased to 0.58, indicating that the population balance of the urban agglomeration firstly increased and then decreased. This result is consistent with the conclusion that we have established a simulated urban agglomeration for theoretical derivation. That is: in the early stage of urban agglomeration development, the population migrated to the central city; as the population of the central city became saturated, the urban agglomeration developed to a mature stage, and the population began to migrate to the peripheral cities. In this process, the population distribution center of urban agglomeration gradually shifted from central towns to peripheral towns. The degree of equilibrium in the spatial distribution of population has undergone an inverted u-shaped transition from non-equilibrium to equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban public parks can provide convenience for residents to get close to nature and provide places for daily ecosystem services. It is of practical and theoretical significance to choose urban public parks as the entry point to explore the changing trends and supply paths of urban residents' daily ecosystem service consumption. Based on the government 's research? of urban public parks in Beijing from 1993 to 2018, this study explores the residents' ecosystem services consumption demands and the contributions of park constructions to these demands. The results show that: (1) in the past 25 years, the frequency, duration, participation rate, and evaluation of people's daily ecosystem service consumption have increased significantly. In other words, the ecosystem services demands are increasing. (2) different constructions of a park have distinct contributions to the increasing demands of ecosystem service consumption. The contributions from constructions of the natural landscape and the infrastructure have been in decline since 1993, yet they contribute the most to the demands of residents' ecosystem services consumption until 2018. The contributions made by constructions of management and maintenance, and transportation around urban public parks have been on the rise and the significant points occurring after the 2008 Olympic Games. Our research proposes a method to determine the relation between the demands of residents' ecosystem services consumption and the contributions of park constructions to these demands, which has significant implications for optimizing the constructions of urban public parks to better meet the demands of ecosystem services consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for society as a whole, and analyzing the impact of the spread of the epidemic and government control measures on the travel patterns of urban residents can provide powerful help for city managers to designate top-level epidemic prevention policies and specific epidemic prevention measures. This study investigates whether it is more appropriate to use groups of POIs with similar pedestrian flow patterns as the unit of study rather than functional categories of POIs. In this study, we analyzed the hour-by-hour pedestrian flow data of key locations in Beijing before, during, and after the strict epidemic prevention and control period, and we found that the pedestrian flow patterns differed greatly in different periods by using a composite clustering index; we interpreted the clustering results from two perspectives: groups of pedestrian flow patterns and functional categories. The results show that depending on the specific stage of epidemic prevention and control, the number of unique pedestrian flow patterns decreased from four before the epidemic to two during the strict control stage and then increased to six during the initial resumption of work. The restrictions on movement are correlated with most of the visitations, and the release of restrictions led to an increase in the variety of unique pedestrian flow patterns compared to that in the pre-restriction period, even though the overall number of visitations decreased, indicating that social restrictions led to differences in the flow patterns of POIs and increased social distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]