43 results
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2. Transforming food systems in the Global South: a radical approach.
- Author
-
Suarez, Andres and Ume, Chukwuma
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL ecology ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
Sustainability within food systems (FS) transcends approaches that only consider FS transformation via changing agricultural practices or consumption patterns. The essence lies in addressing the root causes of current unsustainable FS and their associated social and environmental ramifications. This paper aims to outline the solutions needed to revamp these challenges, by paying special attention to the state-capital nexus in the context of the FS'global core-periphery dialectics. Thereby, we embrace radical political agroecology as being essential in promoting sustainability within the FS, especially in the Global South. Agroecology is proposed as the strategy to address the food system's complexity in terms of the social, environmental, and economic embeddedness. We conclude with potential solutions that contribute to the pathway for FS sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Preface.
- Author
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Das, Raju J. and Latham, Robert E.
- Subjects
MARXIST philosophy ,SOCIAL context - Abstract
The three articles were originally presented as papers on a panel organized by Robert Latham, at the Socialist Studies Conference at York University in 2023. While more or less focused on Marxism in academia, the articles deal with different regional contexts: Hyun Ok Park deals with South Korea, Robert Latham with the US, and Raju Das with India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
4. Exploring Relevance of the Proletariat-Bourgeoise Interplay in the Great Expectations for Understanding Socio-Economic Challenges in Contemporary Pakistani Society.
- Author
-
Khalid, Gul, Sania, and Khan, Naznina Hakim
- Subjects
SOCIOECONOMICS ,SOCIAL conflict ,MARXIST philosophy ,QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
The paper discusses socio-economic relations of the bourgeoisie and proletariat relating them to present-day contemporary Pakistani society. The paper is broken down into sections where class consciousness, struggle, and mobility are discussed in view of a Marxist framework and aligned with that of the Victorian English era and that of today's Pakistan. The present paper, therefore, employing qualitative research methods, including close reading, finds persistent class conflicts and socio-economic disparities, in unison with the struggles laid down by Dickens in his narrative. The implications of the findings strongly hint at the fact that these historical literary insights can be of substantial help in guiding socio-economic reforms within the domain of Pakistan. Future research recommendations are to point towards precise measures on how class disparities in Pakistani society could be alleviated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. El FMI como instrumento clave en la lucha de clases: reflexiones a partir de América Latina.
- Author
-
Barkin, David and Santarcángelo, Juan
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL finance , *SOCIAL conflict , *CAPITAL financing , *CONCRETE , *SOCIAL dominance - Abstract
The aim of this paper is: first, to show that the relationship between Latin America and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a faithful reflection of a class struggle on a world scale, where the correlation of internal and external forces has been articulated over the years in favor of capital; second, to analyze the concrete possibilities that the region will face in the future if it intends to reverse this unfavorable history. The paper argues that the IMF has played a key role in the reconfiguration and extension of the dominance of international finance capital over the productive resources of Latin America by favoring the consolidation of a local capitalist class subordinated to the designs and power of transnational capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. 'Working as Though For Their Self': Coalwood, Class Struggle and Capitalism's Cracks.
- Author
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Wurst, LouAnn
- Subjects
SOCIAL conflict ,LABOR movement ,CAPITALISM ,LABOR unions ,HISTORICAL archaeology - Abstract
Much of the archaeology and history of labor is based on organized labor, unions, and strikes, and the common rhetoric emphasizes the success or failure of union strike activities. This frames labor activism with clear winners and losers and inadvertently adopts the vantage point of capital. Given the modern world where union membership is plummeting, "success" seems even more unlikely. In this paper, I use the case of the Coalwood lumber camp to argue that labor's "success" was much more complicated than simply winning strikes. Recognizing the difference between concrete and abstract labor provides a way to think about worker's decisions to structure their lives based more on concrete than alienated labor that gives them more autonomy over their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Class struggle and the origins of finance capital in Britain, 1870–1920.
- Author
-
Kennedy, Peter
- Subjects
SOCIAL conflict ,FINANCE capitalism ,SOCIAL democracy - Abstract
Marxists often link the emergence of finance capital to developments in the categories of capital, such as flight to money capital, sometimes associated with changes in the organic composition of capital. While not disputing the importance of transformations in capitalist categories, this paper examines the causal role of working-class agency in the emergence of finance capital. The paper addresses finance capital in Britain, giving due consideration to a variety of causal factors cementing its dominance. It then considers the role of labour unrest in developing a working class in itself, gravitating towards and away from political expressions (syndicalism, social democracy) in pursuance of its immediate economic struggles. The overall argument is that the emergence of finance capital in the parasitic form it took in Britain was fundamentally a response to the power of a working class in itself. Parasitism became the default trend to control the working class and prevent any potential movement towards a working class for itself from gaining hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Disparate but not antagonistic: Classes of labour in cotton production in Burkina Faso.
- Author
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Engels, Bettina
- Subjects
WORKING class ,SOCIAL conflict ,COTTON farmers ,COLLECTIVE action ,INDUSTRIAL workers - Abstract
This paper examines the variety of agrarian classes of labour and the challenges they face in organizing and pursuing their interests. By taking the cotton sector in Burkina Faso as a case study, it analyses how various 'classes of labour' organize and mobilize for collective action to raise their claims: poor cotton farmers and workers in the cotton factories. Poor and middle farmers recently came to the fore when they boycotted cotton production in large numbers. The study focusses on the boycott campaign, and more broadly on class struggle and collective action by farmers and workers, on interclass alliances, and on capital's attempts to play the classes of labour against one another. The boycott campaign provides an outstanding case to analyse the interests of the various classes of labour and of opportunities for rural–urban mobilization and alliances across classes of labour. I argue that poor farmers and factory workers along the chain of cotton production can be considered as various classes of labour that are not necessarily antagonistic to one another but, first and foremost, to capital. In order to achieve radical transformation in the agrarian context, what is needed are networks and organizations to establish interclass solidarity and alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Introduction: The struggle before us.
- Author
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Léger, Marc James
- Subjects
POLITICAL development ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,CRITICAL race theory ,SOCIAL conflict ,PUBLIC art ,CULTURAL appropriation ,COLD War, 1945-1991 - Abstract
The introduction to this Special Issue of the journal Art & the Public Sphere, titled 'The Struggle Before Us', addresses the aims and outcomes of the project. It reiterates the themes of the call for papers and focuses on the impact of postmodern theory and the cultural turn on socialist class struggle. The political tendencies within radical democracy, Marxist autonomism and left populism are related to the growing influence of the anti-liberal and anti-Marxist – because anti-universalist – academic trends of privilege theory, critical race theory, intersectionality and decoloniality. This is related to political developments since the Cold War and the rise to hegemonic status of a petty-bourgeois mode of cultural appropriation. The introduction takes issue with the notion that post-Fordism represents the termination of the so-called classical phase of socialism and argues instead that contemporary contradictions between identity and class are inscribed within the ongoing struggle between labour and capital. A lecture by Alain Badiou is used to complete the analysis, with definitions of Marxist militancy related to Marx's class-oriented transformation of German idealism, English political economy and the French workers' movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. THE PLACE OF LITERARY CRITICISM IN THE MARXIST-LENINIST-MAOIST PRAXIS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT.
- Author
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Espejo, Lance
- Subjects
MATERIALIZATION ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
For Marx, "The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force" ("A Contribution To The Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right"). Marx also says, "theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses." It is this materialization of critical thought as theory which this paper expounds on. Marx says that this materialization happens in man himself, hence theory--or thought--is embodied. This paper, first, strives to expose the underlying class struggle which helps shape the discourse, which in this case, is literary criticism. Second, it aims to zero in on how literary theory and criticism places itself in a movement according to the theory and practice of Marx-Lenin-Mao, and see how these principles were initially theorized and practiced in the context of the Philippine National Democratic Movement until the present in broad strokes. From the writings of Marx-Lenin-Mao, to the workshop guides by ARMAS, to the polemical attacks of Edel E. Garcellano against reactionary "literary shitheads," and the many organizations and persons who have followed, this paper seeks to emphasize that the place and method of critique parallels the class line and development of the revolutionary struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. “El capitalismo no es cristiano”. La problemática económica de Sergio Méndez Arceo en sus homilías.
- Author
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Mutolo, Andrea
- Subjects
- *
RULING class , *SERMON (Literary form) , *CAPITALISM , *BISHOPS , *LIBERATION theology , *VALUE (Economics) , *DUALISM , *SOCIAL conflict , *PEASANTS - Abstract
This paper analyzes the homilies of the Bishop of Cuernavaca, Sergio Méndez Arceo, in the 1970s. The objective is to deepen the multiple messages that economic problems take up, by contextualizing these ideas, within the general framework of Liberation Theology. The main axes of the homilies focus on two positions: 1) conversion and 2) dualism. By conversion, Méndez Arceo constantly returns to the idea of “class struggle”, at the same time, from the perspective of Holy Scripture, he emphasizes the Liberation of the man. While by dualism he insists on the division between a ruling class of wealthy businessmen or landowners and a dominated class of workers and peasants, dividing society into good and bad Christians. It is worth highlighting that this article takes up a novel theme, considering that an in-depth analysis of the economic problems in the homilies has not been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
12. How does a science teacher distinguish himself as a good professional? An inquiry into the aesthetics of taste for teaching.
- Author
-
Lima Junior, Paulo, Anderhag, Per, and Wickman, Per-Olof
- Subjects
SCIENCE education ,TEACHING ,SOCIOLOGY ,PRAGMATICS ,PROFESSIONALISM - Abstract
This paper introduces the notion of taste for teaching a subject, especially science, as a conceptual framework to analyse the aesthetics of teacher development as a lifelong process. We draw on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and John Dewey in order to account for how teachers distinguish admirable practices and, in doing so, distinguish themselves as inspiring professionals. In order to illustrate this framework, we report a narrative inquiry on the life story of Tomas, a white man nationally prized for his science teaching. This inquiry was inspired by sociological portraits recommended by Bernard Lahire. Results indicate how a practical disposition (as opposed to a theoretical one) played an important role in developing Tomas's individual taste for science teaching, producing a strong continuity between his early experiences as a masculine boy raised in a family of construction workers, on the one hand, and his later experiences as a biologist and a science teacher enacting inquiry-based activities. The significance of the findings for science education is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Debt Economy and Class Transformation in Tunisia: A Critical Comparative Analysis (1860s–1970s).
- Author
-
Caligiuri, Vittorio, Conte, Giampaolo, and Sabatini, Gaetano
- Subjects
CAPITAL market ,FINANCE ,PUBLIC debts - Abstract
The progressive integration of Tunisia into the international capital market implies deep institutional and social transformations as well as the positioning of the country in the semi-periphery of the capitalist world-economy. From the mid-19th and during the twentieth century, the growing Tunisia's debt paved the way to a compulsory financial administration of the North African country by 1870. Likewise, this process favoured the development of a capitalist class, whose origins were both exogenous and endogenous, drawing its power from doing business with the global financial élites. Thus, we assist to the birth of a capitalist class with local and international interests, also called afterward compradors. Adopting an original comparative approach, this article shows that the integration of a country into the global economy, mainly when occurring through a growing foreign debt, paves the way not only to the birth of a local capitalist class drawing its power from the circulation of capital but also to the permanent positioning of the country in the semi-periphery of the capitalist world-economy. The access to the international capital markets, according to the rules of the controlling powers and elites, makes the indebted country less independent in its economic policy choices, thus modifying its class structure in favour of the new capitalist elites, and their interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Contemporary Vitality of V. I. Lenin's Theory of Ideology.
- Author
-
Pateman, Joe
- Subjects
IDEOLOGICAL conflict ,IDEOLOGY ,MARXIST philosophy ,SOCIAL conflict ,CHILD abuse - Abstract
This article illuminates the contemporary vitality of Lenin's theory of ideology. Since the collapse of Soviet socialism, some have attempted to dismiss Lenin's theory as anti-Marxist and lacking in critical power. More recent studies of the Marxist theory of ideology have neglected Lenin entirely. Contrastingly, this article argues that Lenin's theory of ideology remains relevant, albeit misunderstood. First, Lenin highlighted the class essence of ideology with unparalleled force and clarity. He emphasised that every ideology serves the power of a definite class. Second, Lenin clarified the role of ideology as a weapon in the class struggle. He urged the working class to use socialist ideology to further its interests and overthrow capitalism. Third, Lenin outlined the principles for engaging in the ideological struggle. He instructed Marxists on how to advance their ideas and defeat bourgeois ones. These insights remain indispensable for communists, a hundred years after Lenin's death in 1924. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Avrupa’nın Neoliberal Yeşil Mutabakatı, Ekolojik Emperyalizm ve Halkın Alternatifi.
- Author
-
Erçandırlı, Yelda
- Abstract
Copyright of PRAKSIS is the property of PRAKSIS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
16. Pedagogically Reclaiming Marx’s Politics in the Postdigital Age: Social Formations and Althuserrian Pedagogical Gestures
- Author
-
Ford, Derek R.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Політизація та мілітаризація сфери дитячого дозвілля у радянській Україні 1929–1939 рр
- Author
-
Nani Hohokhiia
- Subjects
класові вороги ,political education ,література ,ігри ,Ukrainian ,media_common.quotation_subject ,політизація ,клубне дозвілля ,Politics ,політичне виховання ,reading ,Political science ,toys ,politicization ,мілітаризація ,Communism ,Militarization ,media_common ,games ,Government ,militarization ,class enemies ,політична освіта ,читання ,club leisure ,holidays ,World War II ,literature ,класова боротьба ,Media studies ,іграшки ,language.human_language ,Militarism ,дозвілля ,leisure ,language ,class struggle ,discourse ,Ideology ,свята ,дискурс - Abstract
The article analyzes the peculiarities of the process of politicization and militarization of children’s leisure in Soviet Ukraine in 1929–1939. The content of the transformation of traditional and creation of new forms of children’s leisure is revealed. The key concepts of ideological substantiation of the need to maximally fill the child’s free time with political and educational practices are identified. The evolution of the new tradition of club leisure and its filling with political content is analyzed. Forms of political and educational work with children in their free time have been reconstructed. The methods of involving children in the political campaigns of the Soviet government by filling the discourse of children’s leisure with the political and militaristic rhetoric are described. The mechanisms of introduction of the state control over such kinds of children’s leisure as reading, thanks to the formation of new children’s literature and creation of the system of propaganda of new work are investigated. It shows how a network of libraries was built into this system, which was tasked with organizing the work of forming a new mass reader. The process of involving children in the culture of the new Bolshevik holidays and its connection with the main tasks of the government in the field of education of conscious and loyal citizens is demonstrated. During the second half of the 1930s, at the initiative of the Ukrainian Soviet leadership, the Christmas tree was restored and transformed, which was filled with new ideological content and used to promote Bolshevik’s achievements and demon- strate the Communist Party’s concern for young citizens. The influence of the political situation on the development of the game sphere of children’s leisure is highlighted, and the power of the process of its militarization on the eve of the Second World War is emphasized. This applied to both mobile children’s games and board games, which were made according to the party’s tasks with an ideological load and included political games and military-themed games. Children’s toys were also modernized, including Christmas tree decorations and toys related to military equipment, military and political events, collective farm construction, and Soviet symbols were added to the traditional toy theme., У статті проаналізовано особливості процесу політизації та мілітаризації сфери дитячого дозвілля в радянській Україні 1929–1939 рр. Розкрито зміст трансформації традиційних та ство- рення нових форм дитячого дозвілля. Визначено ключові концепти ідеологічного обґрунтування не- обхідності максимально наповнити вільний час дитини політично-виховними практиками. Проана- лізовано еволюцію нової традиції клубного дозвілля та наповнення її політичним змістом. Реконструйовано форми політично-освітньої роботи з дітьми у вільний від навчання час. Надано характеристику методів залучення дітей до політичних кампаній радянської влади за допомогою наповнення дискурсу дитячого дозвілля політичною та мілітаристською риторикою. Досліджено механізми впровадження державного контролю над таким різновидом дитячого дозвілля, як читання, завдяки формуванню нової дитячої літератури та створенню системи пропаганди нових творів. Продемонстровано процес залучення дітей до культури нових більшовицьких свят і його зв’язок з основними завданнями влади у галузі виховання свідомих та відданих громадян. Висвітлено вплив політичної кон’юнктури на розвиток ігрової сфери дитячого дозвілля, підкреслено потуж- ність процесу її мілітаризації напередодні Другої світової війни.
- Published
- 2021
18. Mensagens falsas sobre o novo coronavírus: legitimidade e manipulação na luta de classes.
- Author
-
DA SILVA LIMA, Guilherme, MORAES CALAZANS, Marcos, and MASSI, Luciana
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *ILLEGITIMACY , *LANGUAGE & languages , *MATERIALISM , *ANIMISM - Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the first false messages composition on the new coronavirus and Covid-19 that circulated in Brazil. The analysis problematize the relationships between form and content that give legitimacy to the messages and how they are inserted in the class struggle. We used the contributions of the Circle, especially Volóchinov, on the nature of language associated with contributions from the field of historical and dialectical materialism, to analyze 11 messages, two of which were analyzed deeply. The results indicated that false communications are inserted in the class struggle seeking to manipulate the interlocutor and they appropriated and mobilized elements, mainly from the spheres of Science and Journalism, to give the effect of credibility and legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
19. Politique de l'émeute dans Le dernier de l'Empire (1981) d'Ousmane Sembène.
- Author
-
Galafa, Beaton
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Humanities (1016-0728) is the property of University of Malawi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. RRPE 's Memorial Symposium on Professor Jim Crotty* Some Reflections on Jim Crotty: His Life and Contributions to Economics.
- Author
-
Epstein, Gerald and Pollin, Robert
- Subjects
MASTER teachers ,COLLEGE teachers ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,MEMORIALS ,SOCIAL conflict - Abstract
Jim Crotty was a beloved teacher and mentor and a treasured colleague at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. In this short essay, we try to convey Jim's enormous contributions to his students, colleagues, and friends, and to the development and reproduction of heterodox macroeconomic theory and practice. JEL Classification: B4, B5, E [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Transforming food systems in the Global South: a radical approach
- Author
-
Andres Suarez and Chukwuma Ume
- Subjects
critical realism ,state-capital nexus ,food regime ,class struggle ,radical political agroecology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Sustainability within food systems (FS) transcends approaches that only consider FS transformation via changing agricultural practices or consumption patterns. The essence lies in addressing the root causes of current unsustainable FS and their associated social and environmental ramifications. This paper aims to outline the solutions needed to revamp these challenges, by paying special attention to the state-capital nexus in the context of the FS’global core-periphery dialectics. Thereby, we embrace radical political agroecology as being essential in promoting sustainability within the FS, especially in the Global South. Agroecology is proposed as the strategy to address the food system’s complexity in terms of the social, environmental, and economic embeddedness. We conclude with potential solutions that contribute to the pathway for FS sustainability.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Marxist Analysis of Economic Conditions in "The Jungle Book": Unveiling Socioeconomic Battles in the Animated World.
- Author
-
Arqum, Muhammad, Gull, Kashif, and Lodhi, Muhammad Arfan
- Subjects
CONSUMERISM ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,CAPITALISM ,CLASS society ,CULTURAL identity - Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the underlying repressive Marxist ideologies such as socioeconomic conditions, class system, class struggle, consumerism and commodification in the movie. Drawing on superstructure model, the study also aims to explore the ways in which historical and material circumstances and their relationship manifest in the movie, how it perpetuates capitalist tendencies in society, providing a deeper understanding of the underlying power dynamics and exploitation present in society from a Marxist perspective. The researcher adopted the exploratory re-search framework. The study utilized a qualitative research approach by applying Marxist theory for content analysis on an animated movie "The Jungle Book" as a sample. The sample was determined through typical and critical case sampling methods from animated movies of the world that has basic elements of Marxism. The findings of the study reveal that there are implicit Marxist tendencies present in the movie that conform to the superstructure model of the world. The major characters of the movie strive for economic prosperity and have convenient interactions with one another, which lead to capitalistic attitude, imperialistic dominance, class struggle resulting in consumer culture and commodified relationships. The summative discussions within the light of the findings acquired in this study imply that Marxist elements have been deeply portrayed in the movie and serve as a platform to unveil socioeconomic battles within an animated world through a Marxist lens, exposing the underlying power dynamics, exploitation, and capitalist tendencies present in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Categorizing People in the New States: A Comparative Study of Communist China and North Korea.
- Author
-
Wang, Juan and Kim, Jung Eun
- Subjects
FOLKSONOMIES ,POLITICAL science ,POLITICIANS - Abstract
What motivates states' choice of social classification? Existing explanations highlight scientific beliefs of modern states or social engineering by ideological regimes. Focusing on the initial state-building period of two Communist regimes, China and North Korea, this article complements the existing literature and suggests that social classification reflects three missions of political leaders: regime distinction, governance, and power consolidation. Population categories are created to distinguish the new government from the old, to selectively provide welfare, and to attack political opponents. The varying weight of the missions and their manifestation in social classification depend on new ruling elites' cohesion and past experiences. This comparative historical analysis sheds light on the rise of political chaos in China and the personalistic dictatorship in North Korea in the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. As relações entre política, economia e sustentabilidade: um modelo de análise baseado no materialismo histórico.
- Author
-
SILVA NETO, Benedito
- Subjects
HISTORICAL materialism ,MODERN society ,HISTORICAL analysis ,SYSTEM dynamics ,HEGEMONY - Abstract
Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Simon Clarke's Marxism and Latin America.
- Author
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Pascual, Rodrigo and Ghiotto, Luciana
- Subjects
MARXIST philosophy ,SOCIAL conflict ,SCHOOL rules & regulations ,CIVIL society ,STRUCTURALISM - Abstract
Simon Clarke left an invaluable critical mark on Marxism. Despite his magnanimous work, he is relatively unknown in Latin America because very few texts have been translated into Spanish. We focus on Clarke's vision and theory of the state, which is of fundamental importance to research in Latin America. First, we focus on his comprehension of the class struggle category to understand the capitalist state's emergence. Second, we show the importance of his analysis of the subordination of the state and civil society to the rule of money and law. Third, we emphasise his particular way of understanding the social relations of production, which results in his incisive critique of structuralism and the regulation school. Finally, we point out that his understanding of the social relations of production led to a specific way of understanding Marxism that is 'Simon Clarke's Marxism'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Mainstreaming Marxism: on the anarchic structure of world economy.
- Author
-
Morton, Adam David
- Subjects
MARXIST philosophy ,INTERNATIONAL organization ,CAPITALISM - Abstract
This article carves out a focus on certain authorized mainstream perspectives and their theorizations of world order, and how they have become dominant at the expense of excluded and silenced contributions. This task begins, first, by asserting that the anarchic conditions of world order have been mainstreamed at the expense of contributions to Marxist political economy. Here, my focus extends the methodological approach of juxtaposition to explore competing understandings of anarchic orders in Kenneth Waltz's and Nikolai Bukharin's work to disclose, in the latter, the anarchic structure of world capitalism. Second, the method of juxtaposition enables me to cast attention to the parallel profiles of E. H. Carr and C. L. R. James and their weighty understandings of world revolution to reveal, in the latter, neglected classed conditions of racial capitalism. In a fresh manner, then, my approach juxtaposes key figures that have been present (Waltz, Carr) and absent (Bukharin, James) in understanding world order through the anarchic structure of the world economy and racial capitalism. In conclusion, the argument left for academic study and the elucidation of policy is the extent to which a necessarily historical materialist moment to understanding world order can and should be further extended and deepened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Enlisted in struggle: Being Marxist in a time of protracted crisis.
- Author
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Kanna, Ahmed
- Subjects
CLASS consciousness ,DILEMMA ,STRUGGLE ,SOCIAL conflict ,FINANCIAL crises ,POLITICAL parties - Abstract
In this article, I analyze Marxist activists' narratives of becoming Marxist and their practices in activist spaces. Drawing on Jeffrey Juris and Alex Khansnabish's notion of "militant ethnography" and on Jodi Dean's recuperation of the political party form of organizing, I ethnographically describe activists' motivations to become Marxist and examine two events—a pro-Bernie political meeting and an anti-Trump rally—in which activists intervened with the Marxist idea of "uniting working-class struggles" in democratic spaces. I argue that the socialist party form of organization addresses two related dilemmas that anti-capitalist activists face in the context of systemic economic and political crises in the United States: how to develop class consciousness and how to engage in the seemingly impossible, personally risky endeavor of radically challenging capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Agrarian change, populism, and a new farmers' movement in 21st century Pakistani Punjab.
- Author
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Aftab, Muhammad Yahya and Ali, Noaman G.
- Subjects
TWENTY-first century ,PEASANTS ,FARMERS ,SOCIAL conflict ,AGRICULTURAL education - Abstract
Activists and scholars have debated whether "agrarian populisms" premised on multiple classes and groups can pursue progressive objectives if exploiters and exploited are in the same movements. In Pakistan, the militant Pakistan Kissan Ittehad emerged in 2012 by uniting different classes of owner‐cultivators who are largely not in direct relations of exploitation with each other. We argue that the PKI nevertheless advances the interests of a "second tier" of rural capitalists, who exploit rural labourers, while underplaying the interests of owner‐peasant farmers. This divergence of interests has contributed to the fragmentation of PKI along class and political lines, including attempts by peasant farmers to independently organize around issues particular to them. We suggest that progressive agrarian populism must hinge on the interests of rural labourers and peasant farmers and that second‐tier capitalist farmers may be tactical allies as they oppose neoliberal globalization. However, rural labourers and peasants are ideologically and organizationally weak, and thus, the possibility of left‐wing agrarian populism requires much legwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Resistance within South Africa's Passive Revolution: from Racial Inclusion to Fractured Militancy.
- Author
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Paret, Marcel
- Subjects
REVOLUTIONS ,APARTHEID ,INCOME inequality ,MASS mobilization ,SOCIAL movements ,DEMOCRATIZATION - Abstract
In recent decades, scholars have turned to Antonio Gramsci's concept of passive revolution to explain the reproduction and development of capitalism. Most accounts focus on elite maneuvers from above. With specific attention to the case of South Africa, I examine the relationship between passive revolution, secured by elites through the negotiated democratic transition of the early 1990s, and mobilization from below in the post-apartheid period. South Africa's passive revolution featured formal racial inclusion, the preservation of extreme inequality and economic insecurity, the demobilization of popular forces, and narrow elite struggles for state resources. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with activists and residents in the impoverished townships and informal settlements around Johannesburg, I show how passive revolution produced fractured militancy: the simultaneous proliferation and fragmentation of popular resistance. I demonstrate this process by examining the policy, organizational, and leadership dimensions of the relationship between passive revolution and popular mobilization. The analysis has implications for the study of both capitalism and social movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Neo-populist Fables: The Other World of A.V. Chayanov.
- Author
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Brass, Tom
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,GOTHIC language literature ,LITERARY form - Abstract
The political importance of Chayanov transcends his own time and space, influencing as it has done – and continues to do – both the debate about rural development in Third World countries and – more broadly – resurgent agrarian populist interpretations in academia and elsewhere. Less well known, but epistemologically as revealing of his politics, are his non-economic writings, particularly his contributions to the Gothic literary genre. Examined here, therefore, are three stories written pseudonymously by Chayanov, each of which is structured by the same discourse. All were composed over a short period just after the Bolsheviks took power in Russia, and reveal as a sub-text the political divergence and concomitant struggle between neo-populist and Bolshevik versions of societal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The "Peculiarities" Of Modernisation In Korea: Revisiting The Debate On "Colonial Modernisation" Vs. "Colonial Plunder".
- Author
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Song, Hae-Yung
- Subjects
NATIONALISTS ,COLONIES ,IMPERIALISM ,CAPITALISM - Abstract
This article revisits the "colonial modernisation" thesis and its nationalist critique, the thesis of "colonial plunder" in the context of Korea. The two accounts have long been subject to politically charged disputes: while the former posits a causal link between Japanese colonialism and Korea's rapid industrialisation, the latter suggests that Korea's transition to capitalist development was blocked and distorted by Japanese colonialism. This article offers a critique of both accounts at the theoretical and historical levels. For a theoretical critique, it draws on the Marxist discussions of the notion of the "peculiarities" of national capitalism with reference to Britain and Germany. The article argues that both theses, by deriving the presumed ills or virtues of Korean capitalism from Japanese colonialism, assume the existence of a "normal" and "benign" path to capitalism and look at Korean capitalism and Japanese colonialism in isolation from the universal contradictions emanating from their being integral to the capitalist world-system. For a historical critique, this article assesses the dissolution of Chosŭn Korea at the turn of the twentieth century and the formation of the Korean capitalist class and shows that Korea's transition to capitalism was both an inherently global process and driven by violent class struggles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Shifting tides, regional reverberations: a class-relational analysis of the ALBA-TCP.
- Author
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Ciupa, Kristin
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,SOCIAL conflict ,ANTI-imperialist movements ,REGIONAL differences ,BARTER - Abstract
The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America-Peoples Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP) represents the most dramatic regional departure from neoliberalism under Latin America's pink tide, based on principles of anti-imperialism, mutual development, and barter exchange. Since 2015 however, trade and social programmes between member countries have deteriorated, while regional support for ALBA has declined. In order to account for the rise and relative fall of ALBA-TCP, this article mobilizes the theory of social property relations to trace the international, regional and national forces and structures that have shaped the development trajectory of the ALBA since its creation in 2004. It argues that ALBA's characteristics are principally constituted through concrete class formations, struggles and institutional resolutions that shape the pattern of ALBA's international relations. Ultimately, the contradictions of ALBA's social base with its uneven insertion into the broader international division of labour has created a series of tensions and roadblocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Struggle, Urban Appropriation, and Cities of the Future.
- Author
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Jensen, Jill
- Subjects
PUBLIC spaces ,URBANIZATION ,URBAN poor ,CITY dwellers ,SOCIAL conflict ,STRUGGLE ,FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
Keywords: right to the city; urban appropriation; capitalism; identity; class struggle EN right to the city urban appropriation capitalism identity class struggle 697 702 6 04/12/22 20220501 NES 220501 Kohn, Margaret (2016). As a serious critique from the Left, rights within the liberal state are contradictory in that they seem to give to the people but reinforce a state's mechanism of domination. Kohn provides an excellent summary for this essay on struggle and appropriation in light its evaluation of "the public", of democracy and deliberation, and the strengths but also the shortcoming of rights' claims. "Lefebvre argued that the power to make urban spaces, which he viewed as the control points of modern capitalism", writes Herod, "must be wrested from capital and the state and located instead in the hands of the working-class people" (Herod, p. 197). [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Financialization and income inequality: bringing class struggle back in.
- Author
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Kaldor, Yair
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory) ,SOCIAL sciences ,FINANCIALIZATION ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Financialization and rising income inequality are two of the most pronounced economic developments of recent decades, and there is increasing evidence that these trends are somehow related. However, explanations of this link are still limited, and pay little attention to workers themselves. As a result, the impact of financialization on income inequality appears at most as an unfortunate side-effect. This article takes a different approach by investigating both financialization and income inequality from within the historical development of the class struggle in the United States economy. It shows that the economic problems of the 1970s that provided the impetus for financialization were closely related to the escalating conflicts between labor and capital, in which the state served as an increasingly important terrain of struggle. Viewed from this perspective, rising income inequality appears less as an unexpected outcome of financialization and more as its very raison d'etre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Supply Chain Workers' Inquiries: Class Struggle along Value Chains.
- Author
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Hartman, Gifford
- Subjects
SOCIAL conflict ,VALUE chains ,SUPPLY chains ,WORKING class ,FINANCIAL statements ,WAREHOUSE management ,SOLIDARITY - Abstract
The following is an account of my own personal involvement, over the last 20 years, with a circle of militants in California's San Francisco Bay Area who have been researching changes in the class composition of global production. We have been using informal and formal inquiries with rank-and-file workers to analyze how transformations in communication, data gathering, and transportation technologies have revolutionized the logistics industry. Our goal has been finding supply chain vulnerabilities, where working class solidarity has the greatest possibility to spread up and down these value chains, and for class struggle to be effectively cross-sectoral and international. The following is a balance sheet of our efforts, demonstrating the instances when we were able to realize our goals, as well as critiquing our limitations. We hope this will point to the importance of workers' inquiries in the current era, especially in adjusting to the many changes the COVID-19 pandemic has wrought, exposing the weaknesses of just-in-time production chains spanning the planet, changes to class composition, and encouraging new forms of class struggle along ever-changing value chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. ALTHUSSER'S PERPETUAL MOTION: FABIO BRUSCHI'S LE MATERIALISME POLITIQUE DE LOUIS ALTHUSSER.
- Author
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MONTAG, WARREN
- Subjects
SOCIAL conflict ,HISTORICAL source material ,THEORY of knowledge - Abstract
In this article, I show how Bruschi's Le matérialisme politique de Louis Althusser offers, against all attempts conjure up a self-generating general theory of history, a reconstruction of Althusser's work that shows how its systematicity relies upon the unfinished, incomplete and provisional character of scientific research, always subject to constant rectification. I then claim that, from the conceptualisation of the reproduction of the mode of production as dependent upon the singularity of the conjuncture, to the theorisation of the encounter as the source of historical necessity, this constant reworking is crucial to Althusser's ability to grasp the reality of class struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. On Cultural Political Economy: A Defence and Constructive Critique.
- Author
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Sau, Andrea
- Subjects
POLITICAL science ,ECONOMIC determinism ,MARXIST philosophy ,REDUCTIONISM ,FRAMES (Social sciences) - Abstract
This article explores the relationship between economic and political realms by reference to the Marxist conception of the economy as the 'motor of history'. The discussion is framed through a recent debate around Cultural Political Economy (CPE) and its efforts to keep Marx's materialist premises without falling into economic reductionism, or 'bend the stick too far' into the opposite direction and fall into 'constructivism'. Despite the efforts to avoid said extremes, CPE have been criticised for being both reductionist and constructivist This piece will defend CPE against the above charges while also highlighting some unresolved tensions within the method. I will then propose ways to resolve said tensions as well as providing the means of extending the scope of CPE to deal with political issues going beyond the economic realm, without losing sights of their connections to regimes of accumulations and resulting material needs and grievances of various groups. I will argue that this further development is necessary to analyse an increasingly unpredictable political landscape where tribal enmities and xenophobic feelings are returning to mainstream politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Nothing But Workers: Reading Class Struggle In Diamela Eltit's Mano de obra.
- Author
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Andrade, Pavel
- Subjects
SOCIAL conflict ,READING ,CUSTOMER services - Abstract
In this essay I study the supermarket in Diamela Eltit's Mano de obra as a site of class struggle. Despite readings that see in the novel a representation of post-work society, several scholars have noted that Mano de obra can be productively read as a novel that explores the centrality of labour in present-day capitalism. In this article I suggest that Eltit's novel offers, at the level of form, a powerful reflection on labour exploitation as mediated by the sale and purchase of labour-power. I emphasise two processes that the novel registers in relation to the neoliberal working-day: the changes in the inward notation of time brought about by the expansion of the service industry, and the compenetration between the disciplinary practices of the workplace and the affective structures of the household. I conclude the essay by showing how the punctuation of the novel, in particular the overabundance in the use of parentheses, gives formal expression to the fundamental reality hidden behind the sale and purchase of labour-power: the dispossession of the worker from her own living body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Marxist and Neo-Marxist Reading of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World.
- Author
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Ramesh, K. and Srinivas S.
- Subjects
MARXIST philosophy ,POPULAR culture ,DYSTOPIAS ,SLEEP-learning - Abstract
Huxley's Brave New World (1932) offers a nightmarish portrait of a futuristic world where human beings are reduced to the level of automations for establishing stability. In fact, Huxley's portrayal of the World State is heavily influenced by the socio-political climate of his time. Contemplating the possible misuse of emerging technologies by rulers for perpetuation of power, Huxley attempts to alert the readers about the perils of mass culture which diminish people's ability to think critically. Brushed aside as an insignificant work by many critics initially, the novel's social relevance and Huxley's concern for social welfare was later felt, the application of Marxist and Neo-Marxist literary principles to it indicating that it continues to remain relevant in the twenty-first century. Marxism interprets history in terms of class struggle. It affirms that the modes of production of material life condition social, political and intellectual life process in general. The Marxian notion that those who control material production have control over the rest of the society is taken literally in Huxley's Brave New World where the World State owns the production of human progeny. However, the production of babies in Hatcheries, chemical conditioning of embryos and hypnopaedia ensure that class struggle is avoided in the imaginary world, as the citizens are made to accept their social status without dissent. It would, however, be simplistic to assume that Huxley's dystopia aims merely to terrorise modern society. In the words of Raffaella Baccolini "...utopia is always maintained ... only outside the text" (520) and the readers are expected to consider dystopias only as warnings, so that they can prevent them from becoming reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
40. Disparate but not antagonistic: Classes of labour in cotton production in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Bettina Engels
- Subjects
Archeology ,Global and Planetary Change ,classes of labour ,300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft ,Anthropology ,Africa ,Burkina Faso ,class struggle ,class analysis ,cotton - Abstract
This paper examines the variety of agrarian classes of labour and the challenges they face in organizing and pursuing their interests. By taking the cotton sector in Burkina Faso as a case study, it analyses how various ‘classes of labour’ organize and mobilize for collective action to raise their claims: poor cotton farmers and workers in the cotton factories. Poor and middle farmers recently came to the fore when they boycotted cotton production in large numbers. The study focusses on the boycott campaign, and more broadly on class struggle and collective action by farmers and workers, on interclass alliances, and on capital's attempts to play the classes of labour against one another. The boycott campaign provides an outstanding case to analyse the interests of the various classes of labour and of opportunities for rural–urban mobilization and alliances across classes of labour. I argue that poor farmers and factory workers along the chain of cotton production can be considered as various classes of labour that are not necessarily antagonistic to one another but, first and foremost, to capital. In order to achieve radical transformation in the agrarian context, what is needed are networks and organizations to establish interclass solidarity and alliances.
- Published
- 2023
41. O efeito Eros, de George N. Katsiaficas
- Author
-
Nunes de Assis, Rondnelly and N. Katsiaficas, George
- Subjects
luta de classes ,psicanálise ,social movements ,class struggle ,Eros ,psychoanalysis ,movimentos sociais - Abstract
Originally presented at the 1989 American Sociological Association National Meetings, this paper written by the North American sociologist George N. Katsiaficas reviews the traditional theories of popular movements in light of their detachment from the traditional organizer of liberation struggles, class. Drawing on movements such as women's and black civil rights in the United States, Katsiaficas demonstrates that traditional theories of "group behavior" are characterised by "extreme anti-democratic biases". Confronting such theories, the author develops the Eros effect theory that highlights the natural character of social movements as they are born from an "instinctive need for freedom"., Apresentado originalmente em 1989 na Conferência Nacional da American Sociological Association, este texto do sociólogo norte-americano George N. Katsiaficas faz um levantamento das teorias tradicionais dos movimentos populares à luz de seu distanciamento do agregador tradicional das lutas de libertação, a classe. A partir de movimentos como os dos direitos civis das mulheres e dos negros nos Estados Unidos, Katsiaficas mostra que as teorias tradicionais do "comportamento de grupo" são marcadas por "vieses antidemocráticos extremos". Confrontando-se com tais concepções, o autor desenvolve a teoria do efeito Eros, que destaca o caráter natural dos movimentos sociais por estes serem fundados em uma "necessidade instintiva de liberdade".
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Антирелигиозная политика советского государства на примере борьбы с монастырями и монашеством на Западном Кавказе в 20 –30-х гг. ХХ в
- Subjects
национализация ,Western Caucasus ,repressions ,классовая борьба ,репрессии ,nationalization ,Pskhu ,Псху ,Западный Кавказ ,monasticism ,class struggle ,монашество ,New Athos ,Новый Афон - Abstract
В работе исследуется один из ключевых аспектов антирелигиозной политики советского государства в 20–30 гг. ХХ в., отразившийся в повсеместном закрытии властями православных монастырей и борьбе с монашеством. Изучается история данных процессов на Западном Кавказе, где монашеская традиция продолжала активно существовать до нач. 30-х гг. Рассматриваются идеологические предпосылки и методы борьбы советской власти с монашеством., The paper examines one of the key aspects of the antireligious policy of the Soviet state in the 20–30s. XX century, reflected in the widespread closure of Orthodox monasteries by the authorities and the fight against monasticism. The history of these processes in the Western Caucasus is being studied, where the monastic tradition continued to actively exist until the beginning. 30s. The ideological prerequisites and methods of the struggle of the Soviet authorities against monasticism are considered.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. False messages about the coronavirus: legitimacy and manipulation in the class struggle
- Author
-
Lima, Guilherme Da Silva, Calazans, Marcos Moraes, Massi, Luciana [UNESP], Univ Fed Ouro Preto, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
- Subjects
fake news ,manipulation ,coronavirus ,class struggle ,ideology - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T17:20:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 This paper aims to analyze the first false messages composition on the new coronavirus and Covid-19 that circulated in Brazil. The analysis problematize the relationships between form and content that give legitimacy to the messages and how they are inserted in the class struggle. We used the contributions of the Circle, especially Volochinov, on the nature of language associated with contributions from the field of historical and dialectical materialism, to analyze 11 messages, two of which were analyzed deeply. The results indicated that false communications are inserted in the class struggle seeking to manipulate the interlocutor and they appropriated and mobilized elements, mainly from the spheres of Science and Journalism, to give the effect of credibility and legitimacy. Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Published
- 2021
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