1,327 results
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2. The Pedagogical Use of Didactic Classes for Teaching Cognitive Psychology
- Author
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Jens Koed Madsen, Nicole Lauren George, and Andreia Cury Fernandes
- Abstract
The didactic class is a pedagogical tool meant to increase classroom interactivity by encouraging student discussion of real-life cases in connection with theory. This paper evaluates the pedagogical impact of using a one-off didactic class where an external expert is brought in to discuss how to relate a cognitive psychology course's content to real-life problems. Using a mixed-methods approach, we measure the undergraduate students' sense of conceptual understanding, their perspective on applying cognitive sciences, their sense of belonging to the department, and their motivation to work. Students' sense of understanding and their perspective in applying cognitive sciences to real-world problems significantly increased after this class. However, we found no significant differences in their sense of belonging to the department or their motivation to study. This suggests didactic classes may further course-specific content but do not change broader aspects of motivation or belonging. The qualitative interviews support the quantitative results. Students reported that the didactic class made them think laterally about content from other modules and how they could apply theoretical insights to real-world problems, which boosted confidence. Students reported great satisfaction with the didactic class. Of course, the speaker must be relevant to the course content, and students should feel empowered and able to speak in class. However, these are practical concerns that should not discourage lecturers from exploring didactic classes as a fun and instructive tool that has significant pedagogical benefits.
- Published
- 2024
3. Psychological Applications and Trends 2024
- Author
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Clara Pracana, Michael Wang, Clara Pracana, and Michael Wang
- Abstract
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2024, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS), held in International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2024, held in Porto, Portugal, from 20 to 22 of April 2024. This conference serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, practitioners, and students to come together and share their latest findings, ideas, and insights in the field of psychology. InPACT 2024 received 526 submissions, from more than 43 different countries all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take the form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. 189 submissions (overall, 36% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation at the conference.
- Published
- 2024
4. Two minds and double entries: an application of cognitive psychology to corporate reporting
- Author
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Sebastian, Avani
- Published
- 2024
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5. Leveraging Neuroscience as a Tool to Advance Architecture Pedagogy
- Author
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Motamedi, Shooka
- Abstract
The brain alone is a complex organ in which all sensory, intellectual, emotional, and intuitive perceptions take place. Today, one of the research challenges in teaching-learning science is the answer to the question of how much the application of findings from neuroscience studies on learning can be effective in improving the quality of education. Where are the overlaps between the language of neuroscience and the science of teaching-learning? While previous teachings have emphasized the importance of schemas or mental formats as a new learning infrastructure, cognitive neuroscience looks at how knowledge, insight, and experience are processed in the brain and how neural connections in the brain provide new learning. The information encoded in the hippocampus can form schemas reliably in institutionalized neocortical networks. How can these mechanisms be used to improve education, especially architecture education? The current insights from the basic and applied research of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and teaching-learning science research promise a change in educating architects. This article introduces the commonalities of neuroscience, cognitive studies, and architectural education. [For the full proceedings, see ED631133.]
- Published
- 2022
6. Psychological Applications and Trends 2022
- Author
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Pracana, Clara and Wang, Michael
- Abstract
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2022, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.), held in Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, from 23 to 25 of April 2022. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are several nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounters and development. InPACT 2022 received 364 submissions, from more than 35 different countries all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take the form of Oral Presentations, Posters and Virtual Presentations. 121 submissions (overall, 33% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation at the conference. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. [This document contains the proceedings of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2022, held in Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, from April 23-25, 2022. The proceedings were published by inScience Press. For the 2021 proceedings, see ED622091.]
- Published
- 2022
7. Paper materials QJEP: Regulating mirroring of emotions: A social-specific mechanism?
- Author
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Sowden, Sophie and Catmur, Caroline
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,Social Psychology ,Cognitive Psychology ,Psychology ,Experimental Analysis of Behavior ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
OSF project of the data, scripts and materials required to reproduce the method and reports reported in the above paper, accepted for publication in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. Frozen following paper acceptance (08/09/201) and superseding all other versions.
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- 2022
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8. Supplementary materials for the IA paper
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Chuyin, Zhang, Koh, Zhao Hui, Gallagher, Regan, Nishimoto, Shinji, and Tsuchiya, Naotsugu
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FOS: Psychology ,Cognitive Psychology ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
This project contains supplementary materials in the IA paper.
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- 2022
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9. Natural scene images for the IA paper
- Author
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Nishimoto, Shinji, Gallagher, Regan, Koh, Zhao Hui, Chuyin, Zhang, and Tsuchiya, Naotsugu
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,Cognitive Psychology ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
Image stimuli used by the IA paper.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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10. Symbol Step Paper
- Author
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Chan, Jenny Yun Chen, Smith, Hannah, and Ottmar, Erin
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Other Psychology ,FOS: Psychology ,Cognition and Perception ,Educational Psychology ,Developmental Psychology ,Cognitive Psychology ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
We examine how symbols—specifically variables versus numbers—impact students’ problem-solving strategies, and use of these properties, within an online algebra notation system where students can dynamically transform and simplify expressions. Using log data within the system, we quantitatively and qualitatively examine how symbols and students’ mathematical knowledge influence their strategies and process in problem-solving.
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- 2022
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11. 56.1: Invited Paper: Research on Measuring Methods of Immersion for Virtual Display Based on Neurocomputing
- Author
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Shishi Fang, Yang Pan, Shuai Yao, Taihao Li, Bo Qiao, and Guanxiong Pei
- Subjects
Cognitive absorption ,Immersion (virtual reality) ,Psychology ,Emotional arousal ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 2021
12. Conceptual Development in Early-Years Computing Education: A Grounded Cognition and Action Based Conceptual Framework
- Author
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Kallia, Maria and Cutts, Quintin
- Abstract
Background and Context: Since the surge of grounded cognition (GC) theories in cognitive psychology, many studies have focused on demonstrating the importance of embodiment and sensorimotor activities on students' conceptual development. In computing education, however, there is not yet a conceptual framework for developing age-appropriate. Objective: This paper brings these sets of work together, showing how the wider grounded cognition literature can be of value to computing education. The main objective of the paper is to suggest and set the theoretical foundations of a model for conceptual development in the early years of computing education. Method: The paper is a conceptual paper and thus, it is based on an extensive account of relevant cognitive psychology and education literature. Findings: The paper presents a model for conceptual development (EIFFEL -Enacted Instrumented Formal Framework for Early Learning in Computing). The general premise underlying the model is that programming concepts are first realised as actions performed on objects; as such, it aims to describe children's conceptual development in computing from their first actions on concrete objects to entirely abstract forms of action representation epitomised by a program. Implications: The model constitutes the first attempt to theorise conceptual development in the early years of computing education; as such it is expected to be used for the design of learning trajectories that progressively advance children's conceptualisations from concrete, situated and multi-modal to formal and more abstract representations.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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13. Psychological Applications and Trends 2023
- Author
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Clara Pracana and Michael Wang
- Abstract
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2023, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS), held in International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2023, held in Lisbon, Portugal, from 22 to 24 of April 2023. he goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are several nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounters and development. InPACT 2023 received 548 submissions, from more than 39 different countries all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take the form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. 192 submissions (overall, 35% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation at the conference.
- Published
- 2023
14. What Is the Most Important and Impactful Paper Related to Movement Disorder Therapy Published in the 20th Century?
- Author
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Stanley Fahn
- Subjects
History ,Neurology ,Movement (music) ,Neurology (clinical) ,In Focus ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 2021
15. Anchoring effects in the assessment of papers: The proposal for an empirical survey of citing authors
- Author
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Alexander Tekles, Christian Ganser, and Lutz Bornmann
- Subjects
Databases, Factual ,Research Quality Assessment ,Social Sciences ,Surveys ,Treatment and control groups ,Cognition ,Email address ,Citation analysis ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Psychology ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Problem Solving ,Data Management ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,Impact factor ,Publications ,Cognitive Heuristics ,Research Assessment ,Research Personnel ,Research Design ,Publishing ,Citation Analysis ,Medicine ,Journal Impact Factor ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Decision Making ,Bibliometrics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Registered Report Protocol ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Scientific Publishing ,Internet ,Survey Research ,Actuarial science ,business.industry ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cognitive Science ,Citation ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
In our planned study, we shall empirically study the assessment of cited papers within the framework of the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic. We are interested in the question whether citation decisions are (mainly) driven by the quality of cited references. The design of our study is oriented towards the study by Teplitskiy, Duede [10]. We shall undertake a survey of corresponding authors with an available email address in the Web of Science database. The authors are asked to assess the quality of papers that they cited in previous papers. Some authors will be assigned to three treatment groups that receive further information alongside the cited paper: citation information, information on the publishing journal (journal impact factor), or a numerical access code to enter the survey. The control group will not receive any further numerical information. In the statistical analyses, we estimate how (strongly) the quality assessments of the cited papers are adjusted by the respondents to the anchor value (citation, journal, or access code). Thus, we are interested in whether possible adjustments in the assessments can not only be produced by quality-related information (citation or journal), but also by numbers that are not related to quality, i.e. the access code. The results of the study may have important implications for quality assessments of papers by researchers and the role of numbers, citations, and journal metrics in assessment processes.
- Published
- 2021
16. A study of boundedly rational behaviour in housing choice: evidence from Malaysia
- Author
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Tan, Consilz
- Published
- 2022
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17. Information Source and Content: Articulating Two Key Concepts for Information Evaluation
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Vamanu, Iulian and Zak, Elizabeth
- Abstract
Purpose: Learning how to identify and avoid inaccurate information, especially disinformation, is essential for any informational consumer. Many information literacy tools specify criteria that can help users evaluate information more efficiently and effectively. However, the authors of these tools do not always agree on which criteria should be emphasized, what they mean or why they should be included in the tool. This study aims to clarify two such criteria (source credibility and soundness of content), which evolutionary cognitive psychology research emphasize. This paper uses them as a basis for building a question-based evaluation tool and draws implications for information literacy programs. Design/methodology/approach: This paper draws on cross-disciplinary scholarship (in library and information science, evolutionary cognitive psychology and rhetoric studies) to explore 15 approaches to information evaluation which conceptualizes source credibility and content soundness, two markers of information accuracy. This paper clarifies these two concepts, builds two sets of questions meant to elicit empirical indicators of information accuracy and deploys them against a recent piece of journalism which embeds a conspiracy theory about the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper shows how the two standards can help us determine that the article is misleading. This paper draws implications for information literacy programs. Findings: The meanings of and relationships between source credibility and content soundness often diverge across the 15 approaches to information evaluation this paper analyzed. Conceptual analysis allowed the authors to articulate source credibility in terms of authority and trustworthiness, and content soundness in terms of plausibility and evidential support. These conceptualizations allow the authors to formulate two respective sets of appropriate questions, the answers to which are meant to function as empirical indicators for the two standards. Deploying this instrument provides us with the opportunity to understand why a certain article discussing COVID-19 is misleading. Originality/value: By articulating source credibility and content soundness as the two key criteria for evaluating information, together with guiding questions meant to elicit empirical indicators for them, this paper streamlines the process through which information users can judge the likelihood that a piece of information they encounter is accurate.
- Published
- 2022
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18. Machine Learning for Non-Major Data Science Students: A White Box Approach
- Author
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Mike, Koby and Hazzan, Orit
- Abstract
Data science is a new field of research that has attracted growing interest in recent years as it focuses on turning raw data into understanding, insight, knowledge, and value. New data science education programs, which are being launched at an increasing rate, are designed for multiple education levels and populations. Machine learning (ML) is an essential element of data science that requires an extensive background in mathematics. Whereas it is possible to teach the principles of ML only as a black box, novice learners might find it difficult to improve an algorithm's performance without a white box understanding of the underlying ML algorithms. In this paper, we suggest a pedagogical method, based on hands-on pen-and-paper tasks, to support white box understanding of ML algorithms for learners who lack the level of mathematics knowledge required for this purpose. Data were collected using a comprehension questionnaire and analyzed according to the process-object theory borrowed from mathematics education research. We present evidence of the effectiveness of this method based on data collected in an introduction-level data science course for graduate psychology students. This population had extensive psychology domain knowledge, as well as an established background in statistics, but had gaps in mathematical and computer science knowledge compared with data science majors. The research contribution is both practical and theoretical. Practically, we present a learning module that supports non-major data science students' white box understanding of ML. Theoretically, we propose a data analysis method to evaluate students' conceptions of ML algorithms.
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- 2022
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19. Addressing the Problem of Global Leadership Theory: Proposing a Cognitive Process Model for Leadership Training and Development
- Author
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McClellan, Jeffrey
- Abstract
Purpose: The application of leadership theory to training and development in international leadership contexts is burdened by the idealistic, western-centric, prescriptive nature of many leadership theories. Consequently, theories are needed that are culturally neutral, descriptive and practically applicable to the culturally diverse contexts in which leadership interaction takes place. To this end, the cognitive process model of (Denis "et al.," 2012) leadership was developed to facilitate leadership development study in a variety of cultural contexts. The model is based on how the human brain functions at its most basic level in leadership situations across cultures and outlines basic principles of leadership associated with these functions. These principles include awareness, decision-making, attention, relationship building, communication and action. This study aims to discuss this model and how it can be used as a framework for doing leadership training and development study in international settings. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is conceptual in nature and uses psychological studies on brain function as a foundation for developing a process model of leadership. Findings: In contrast the cognitive process model of leadership provides a foundation for understanding what is truly universal when it comes to leadership activities by examining what happens in the brain in any given leadership moment. It then provides a framework for promoting the development of leadership competencies that are essential to practicing the principles and competencies and applying them as one takes action in specific leadership moments at the self, interpersonal, group and team, organizational and social and political community levels. Research limitations/implications: The paper has implications for the content, structure and process of leadership development study in relation to training and coaching. Practical implications: This model makes it possible to identify how to provide training and education in relation to leadership competencies by identifying which aspects of the competencies are universal and which are situational or culture dependent. Originality/value: This study is an original paper exploring the application of this model in the context of global leadership training and development.
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- 2022
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20. Addressing the problem of global leadership theory: proposing a cognitive process model for leadership training and development
- Author
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McClellan, Jeffrey
- Published
- 2022
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21. Editorial: A myriad of pathways (What cannot be counted Reprise).
- Author
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Hadjiosif, Miltos and Karlsen, May Lene
- Subjects
COGNITIVE psychology ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,JOB applications ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,PSYCHOLOGISTS ,MINDFULNESS - Abstract
This document is an editorial from the Counselling Psychology Review, written by Miltos Hadjiosif and May Lene Karlsen. The authors discuss their anthology of seven stories that aim to provoke and inspire therapists to reflect on their own journeys. They challenge the dominant narrative of the "wounded healer" and seek to highlight the diverse experiences and perspectives within the profession. The authors also emphasize the importance of storytelling and narrative in the field of counselling psychology, calling for a balance between skills-based knowledge and the rich, non-linear life-histories of therapists. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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22. Most Psychological Researchers Assume Their Samples Are Ergodic: Evidence From a Year of Articles in Three Major Journals.
- Author
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Speelman, Craig P., Parker, Laura, Rapley, Benjamin J., and McGann, Marek
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL research ,RESEARCH personnel ,EDUCATIONAL psychology ,PSYCHOLOGICAL techniques ,VALUES (Ethics) ,COGNITIVE psychology ,CLINICAL psychology - Abstract
Conventional statistics methods in most psychological research, such as null-hypothesis significance tests (NHSTs), use aggregated values (i.e., the sample means) of group behaviours to make inferences about individuals. Such inferences are possibly erroneous because groups of humans rarely, if ever, constitute an ergodic system. To assume ergodicity without checking is to commit the 'ergodic fallacy'. The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of this error in contemporary psychological research. We analysed three highly cited 'Q1' journals in the fields of clinical, educational and cognitive psychology for statements that indicated this error. As hypothesized, the ergodic fallacy was found in the vast majority of the papers investigated here. We also hypothesised that the prevalence of this error would be highest in cognitive psychology papers because this field typically assesses theoretical claims about universal cognitive mechanisms, whereas clinical and educational psychology are more concerned with empirically supported interventions. This hypothesis was also supported by our results. Nonetheless, the prevalence of the ergodic fallacy was still high in all fields. Implications are discussed with respect to the reporting of research findings and the validity of theories in psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. EJPE welcomes special sections.
- Author
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Tartas, Valerie, Muller-Mirza, Nathalie, and Rodriguez, Cintia
- Subjects
SOCIAL institutions ,LEARNING ,DEVELOPMENTAL psychology ,COGNITIVE psychology ,SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
The European Journal of Psychology of Education (EJPE) will now be publishing a new format called "Special Section" to encourage collaboration among researchers in the field of psychology of education. A Special Section consists of 4 to 6 papers focused on a specific area of research proposed by a group of researchers, the editorial team, or the editorial board. The papers go through the same peer review process as regular papers and are published in the journal as a collection. The goal of this format is to promote visibility for European collaborative research projects, foster collaboration, and explore new ideas and approaches in psychology of education. Several Special Sections are already planned for publication between 2024 and 2025. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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24. From One Language to the Next: Applications of Analogical Transfer for Programming Education
- Author
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Kao, Yvonne, Matlen, Bryan, and Weintrop, David
- Abstract
The 1980s and 1990s saw a robust connection between computer science education and cognitive psychology as researchers worked to understand how students learn to program. More recently, academic disciplines such as science and engineering have begun drawing on cognitive psychology research and theories of learning to create instructional materials and teacher professional development materials based on theories of learning, to some success. In this paper, we follow a similar approach by highlighting common areas of interest between computer science education and cognitive psychology--specifically theories of analogical transfer--and discuss how cross-pollination of theoretical constructs between disciplines can support research on the teaching and learning of multiple programming languages. We will also discuss areas where computing education research can adapt the existing theories from cognitive psychology to develop domain-specific theories of knowledge transfer in computing and feed back into cognitive psychology research to inform larger debates about the nature of cognition and learning.
- Published
- 2022
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25. Values-Led Curriculum Co-Creation: A Curriculum Re-Innovation Case Study
- Author
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Galpin, Adam, Beevers, David, Cassidy, Simon, Short, Ben, Panagiotidi, Maria, Bendall, Robert C. A., Quigley, Eileen, and Thompson, Catherine
- Abstract
Personal values influence goals and motivate actions. The case study reported in this paper explored whether an understanding of values would provide a useful framework to guide the co-creation of the undergraduate cognitive psychology curriculum at a UK University. A design team composed of staff and students ran two co-creation workshops to explore underlying values. These values were translated into curriculum ideas which were then shared via an online survey to students and staff for feedback. The activities revealed a set of values that were salient when imagining future curriculum designs: feeling stimulated, choice and autonomy, developing competence, feeling safe and secure, community and fairness. In addition, a deeper value layer was visible which reflected participants' orientations to learning and education. We describe our process for eliciting values and the intertwined and iterative relationship between value elicitation and a co-created curriculum. We also reflect on the position of co-creation within the value landscape of higher education and the social dynamics of staff-student partnerships. We argue that whilst using values to frame co-creation allows for deeper insight into how to embed curriculum re-innovation, it is important to attend to the value system of co-creation and those who do not participate.
- Published
- 2022
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26. The New Science of Learning: How to Learn in Harmony with Your Brain. Third Edition
- Author
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Zakrajsek, Todd D. and Zakrajsek, Todd D.
- Abstract
While preserving the elements that have made the previous two editions so successful--such as chapters on sleep, exercise, memory and mindset--this third edition introduces students to wholly new aspects of brain function and how they impact learning; and furthermore, addresses the challenges of learning online. By introducing new concepts, strategies, and applications related to learning and memory that are based on current findings in cognitive, social, and motivational psychology, this text offers a richer and more complete picture of how brain science illuminates how we learn. Students assigned this book will be equipped to design effective learning plans, employ new strategies, recognize learning traps, discover ways to work effectively in groups, improve recall, and realize better academic performance through test-taking and paper-writing strategies. This new edition also addresses the concerns of all students--particularly those unfamiliar with the college setting and its expectations and assumptions--and offers strategies for success. In keeping with the preceding editions, this book introduces students to concepts, techniques, strategies, tips, and ideas to help them be academically stronger students, advance faster in their studies, and demonstrate what they have learned more effectively--in short, how anyone can learn to be a better learner by learning how to learn in harmony with their brain. The book remains compact and student-friendly, offers examples of practice, and includes discussion questions at the end of each chapter. [Foreword written by John N. Gardner.]
- Published
- 2022
27. The Limitations of Data in Comparing Humans and AI: Philosophical, Empirical, and Computational Perspectives.
- Author
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Saravanane, Thanishkaa
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHY ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,COGNITION ,COGNITIVE psychology ,THEORY of mind - Abstract
This paper will use two examples from human cognition-theory of mind and concept representation-to compare human and artificial intelligence. One problem in comparing humans to AI is that performance does not entail competence, meaning that even if two systems can carry out a particular task, the two systems do not necessarily share the same underlying cognitive capacity. However, researchers have begun testing AI on psychological measures to compare human and AI cognition. For example, researchers have investigated the artificial theory of mind, which is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. Additionally, researchers have investigated artificial concept representation, which is the ability to represent categories abstractly. This paper argues that although empirical evidence is key to exploring AI, it is possible that data alone cannot capture the challenge of human-artificial comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. Critical Periods In Language Acquisition.
- Author
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Pochynok, Mariia
- Subjects
LANGUAGE acquisition ,FOREIGN language education ,PSYCHOLOGY ,COGNITIVE psychology ,PHONEME (Linguistics) - Abstract
Were you able to read and understand what that foreign word means? If not, it is never too late to start learning a new language. However, is it possible to become fluent in a foreign language despite the age at which you start? To answer this question this paper delves into the critical periods in language acquisition and their importance. This paper highlights infants' gradual acquisition of different aspects of language, such as phonemes, words, and grammar. To conclude the importance of critical periods, I compare different strategies for infants and adults learning a language, referring to the example of German word order acquisition. Furthermore, this paper focuses on second language learning. It gives some successful examples of perfectly acquired language by foreigners beyond childhood and highlights the phenomenon of exposure to a native-speaking environment. Additionally, I will discuss the degree of plasticity after the critical period ends and some challenges learners might experience when acquiring a second language. In conclusion, this paper offers a comprehensive review that contributes to our understanding of language development and its implications for language learning beyond childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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29. To Differ Is Human: A Reflective Commentary on 'Noise. A Flaw in Human Judgment', by D. Kahneman, O. Sibony & C.R. Sunstein (2021). London: William Collins
- Author
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Gilhooly, Ken J. and Sleeman, Derek H.
- Abstract
Inconsistency in real-world judgments can cause random unfairness, injustice and misallocation of resources. In their recent monograph Kahneman, Sibony, and Sunstein (2021) analyse judgment inconsistency or "Noise," examine its sources and propose remedies. In this commentary on Kahneman et al., we reflect on the major concepts (such as "judgment," "noise," "error," and "bias") used in analysing inconsistency. We place this work in the broader context of applied cognitive psychology, relating it to error typologies and to dual-systems views of thinking. We also compare Kahneman et al.'s heuristics based approach to the linear combination of attributes based approach of Social Judgment Theory (SJT), with particular reference to judgment noise. We conclude that the main contributions of Kahneman et al.'s book are: (1) to raise awareness of the pervasiveness of judgment noise across a range of important real-world areas; (2) to provide a taxonomy of types of noise in terms of system noise versus occasion noise, and level noise versus pattern noise; and (3) to outline useful ways of reducing noise, and thus overall levels of error.
- Published
- 2022
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30. Editorial: Methods and applications in cognitive science.
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Padakannaya, Prakash, Puvia, Elisa, and Khalil, Radwa
- Subjects
COGNITIVE science ,MOTOR imagery (Cognition) ,TRANSCUTANEOUS electrical nerve stimulation ,VAGUS nerve stimulation ,COGNITIVE psychology ,RESPONSE inhibition - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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31. Findings from University of Bern Provide New Insights into Psychology and Psychiatry (Preventive Treatment Options for Fear of Falling Within the Swiss Healthcare System a Position Paper).
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRY ,COGNITIVE therapy ,MEDICAL care ,COGNITIVE psychology - Published
- 2023
32. Foreign market entry decision-making and heuristics: a mapping of the literature and future avenues.
- Author
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Guercini, Simone and Milanesi, Matilde
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL markets ,MARKET entry ,FOREIGN business enterprises ,EXPORT marketing ,COGNITIVE psychology ,MARKETING management ,ORGANIC certification - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to provide a wide picture of studies on heuristics for international decision-making with a focus on foreign market entry. This paper systematically reviews studies published in the international business and international marketing domain to examine heuristically based decisions for foreign market entry. Design/methodology/approach: This paper proposes a systematic literature review and an in-depth analysis of 32 papers published between 1997 and 2021 dealing with foreign market entry and the use of heuristics for international decision-making. Findings: Even if the marketing and management literature is in many ways permeable to the debate around heuristics developed in experimental psychology and cognitive science, international business and international marketing studies on the one hand recognize that international decision-making, especially when dealing with foreign market entry, is strongly characterized by uncertainty, on the other hand, there isn't a developed and systematized literature about it. This paper shows key topics and areas fundamental to foreign market entry in which heuristics are applied by decision makers and their effectiveness. Originality/value: A systematic review of the use of heuristics for foreign market entry decision-making can represent a useful step for a more organic development of knowledge about the more general use of heuristics for international decision-making. Understanding the decision-making process on the modes of entry in foreign markets is a key topic for international marketing and international business scholars and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Philosophical Research on Enterprise Innovation Ecology Based on a Human–Computer Interaction Mental Model.
- Author
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Dong, Yi
- Abstract
Enterprise innovation ecology plays a vital role in the operation and development of enterprises. It can enable enterprises to have benign and sustainable progress space in action. At the same time, it can also make the innovation ability of enterprises grow unprecedentedly, which is a crucial factor related to the survival and lifeline of enterprises. However, enterprise managers are often too immersed in concept innovation and structural optimization in the actual innovation and ecological construction of enterprises. Still, they do not pay attention to the problems in actual construction. This would cause the actual operation of the system to be restricted by key influencing factors such as environmental protection policies, making it difficult to achieve effective progress. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the enterprise innovation ecological philosophy based on the human–computer interaction mental model. Therefore, this paper comprehensively considers four key factors that affect the construction of enterprise innovation ecology, namely, the promotion of enterprise technology, the competitiveness of enterprise market, the innovation characteristics of enterprises, and the environmental constraints of innovation ecology, and improves and perfects the innovation ecosystem from these factors. Finally, an efficient ecological model of enterprise innovation was designed, and the scientific construction was carried out through the human–computer interaction mental model combining human–computer interaction technology and cognitive psychology. At the same time, the model is applied to the actual enterprise operation, and the naive Bayesian algorithm is adopted to optimize the relevant performance of the algorithm model. The experimental results showed that the highest sample accuracy of the algorithm reaches 92.9%, which greatly improved the operation efficiency of enterprise innovation ecological construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Make Lectures Match How We Learn: The Nonlinear Teaching Approach to Economics.
- Author
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Zhou, Peng
- Subjects
COGNITIVE learning theory ,SCHOOL attendance ,ECONOMETRIC models ,COGNITIVE psychology - Abstract
This paper proposes a nonlinear teaching approach, based on learning theories in cognitive psychology, with a special focus on large-cohort economics modules. The fundamental rationale is to match the features of teaching with the nature of learning. This approach was implemented in an undergraduate economics module, which received qualitative feedback and quantitative evaluation. Formal econometric models with both binary and continuous treatment effects were developed and estimated to quantify the effects of the proposed approach. Evidence shows that the nonlinear teaching approach significantly improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning-teaching process but does not promote student attendance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Reading Emotions Through a Surgical Mask.
- Author
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Shimada, Waka
- Subjects
EMOTIONS ,MEDICAL masks ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COGNITIVE psychology ,EDUCATORS' attitudes - Abstract
Our faces provide information about our emotions, personal identity, trustworthiness, attractiveness, age, and sex. However, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, mask-wearing, which occludes 60% of the face, has become pervasive. Consequently, some clinicians and educators have expressed concern about the effect of masks on social, emotional, and cognitive health in adults and during child and adolescent development. This paper investigates the impact of mask-wearing on the ability of children, adolescents, and adults to identify emotions. In particular, this paper explores the typical development of emotion)reading abilities, emotion reading through masks, and emotion reading in specific populations such as those with disabilities and those from various cultural backgrounds. The paper ends with a framework for improving communication through masks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Everyday Music in Infancy
- Author
-
Caitlin M. Fausey and Jennifer K. Mendoza
- Subjects
Paper ,LENA ,Soundscape ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Ecology (disciplines) ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Developmental Psychology ,Identity (social science) ,input ,Context (language use) ,Musical ,daylong ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Child Psychology ,music ,infancy ,Everyday life ,development ,everyday ecologies ,Language ,Vocal music ,05 social sciences ,Infant ,enculturation ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Sound ,Enculturation ,Papers ,natural statistics ,Auditory Perception ,Voice ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Psychology ,environment ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Infants enculturate to their soundscape over the first year of life, yet theories of how they do so rarely make contact with details about the sounds available in everyday life. Here, we report on properties of a ubiquitous early ecology in which foundational skills get built: music. We captured daylong recordings from 35 infants ages 6-12 months at home and fully double-coded 467 hours of everyday sounds for music and its features, tunes, and voices. Analyses of this first-of-its-kind corpus revealed two distributional properties of infants’ everyday musical ecology. First, infants encountered vocal music in over half, and instrumental in over three-quarters, of everyday music. Live sources generated one-third, and recorded sources three-quarters, of everyday music. Second, infants did not encounter each individual tune and voice in their day equally often. Instead, the most available identity cumulated to many more seconds of the day than would be expected under a uniform distribution. These properties of the everyday musical ecology in human infancy are different from what is discoverable in environments highly constrained by context (e.g., laboratories) and time (e.g., minutes rather than hours). Together with recent insights about the everyday motor, language, and visual ecologies of infancy, these findings reinforce an emerging priority to build theories of development that address the opportunities and challenges of real input encountered by real learners.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience: the college years.
- Author
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Lieberman, Matthew D
- Subjects
AFFECTIVE neuroscience ,COGNITIVE neuroscience ,COGNITIVE psychology ,DEFAULT mode network - Abstract
The article discusses the history and development of the journal Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience (SCAN). The author, Matthew D. Lieberman, reflects on the early years of the journal and the challenges faced in establishing a dedicated platform for social and affective neuroscience research. Lieberman announces that he will be stepping down as the Editor-in-Chief in January 2025, marking the end of his tenure. He also outlines some upcoming changes for the journal, including the acceptance of non-neuroscience papers and the publication of a "Tools of the Trade" piece to support the growth of social and affective neuroscience in academic institutions. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Reply to Commentaries.
- Author
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Solms, Mark
- Subjects
BEHAVIORAL neuroscience ,DEVELOPMENTAL psychology ,COGNITIVE psychology ,BEHAVIORAL research ,BEHAVIORAL assessment - Abstract
Paul Schwartz In the introductory section of his commentary, Paul Schwartz says that Freud's notions of free and bound energy are based only loosely on Helmholtzian physics, "which as near as can be determined, Freud himself never formally acknowledged" (p. 1158). Like most neuropsychoanalysts, I am a dual-aspect monist, which means I take the view that the functional dynamics of what Freud called the "mental apparatus" can be studied from two different I observational i perspectives: the outer, objective one (seeing a brain) and the inner, subjective one (being a brain). Anyone who shares Sugarman's view that "neuroscientific concepts are relevant only in explaining brain functioning, not mental functioning" (p. 1142), should carefully reread the quotations from Freud that I provided in those opening paragraphs. Alan Sugarman In the introductory section of his commentary, Alan Sugarman expresses disappointment that I did not outline a general psychology in my paper. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Development of Three Psychology Sub-Disciplines Over the Past 30 Years: A Citation Analysis.
- Author
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Singer, Susanne
- Subjects
TIME ,PSYCHOLOGY ,REGRESSION analysis ,COGNITION ,CITATION analysis ,PERIODICAL articles ,COGNITIVE therapy ,PSYCHOANALYSIS ,IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) - Abstract
At the end of the last century, there was a debate about whether cognitive psychology had superseded behavioral psychology and psychoanalysis, and the question was raised of whether the latter two might even be dead. The aim of this study was to investigate how these sub-disciplines have developed since then. The citation count, Journal Impact Factor (JIF), and Immediacy Index of four leading journals from each sub-discipline were abstracted for the years 1998, 2008, and 2018. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression analysis. The average number of times each sub-discipline's journals were cited increased between 1988 and 2018. The cognitive journals' JIF increased slightly, the behavioral journals' doubled, and the psychoanalytic journals' remained at the same level. The average annual percentage change for citations to the International Journal of Psychoanalysis showed that the number of citations statistically significantly increased over the years. This was also the case for the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. Its JIF trend changed at one point: it decreased up through 2006, after which it increased. Citations to Cognitive Psychology also increased over time, while there was no evidence that its JIF changed. This shows that all three sub-disciplines are still alive and relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Simultaneous assessment of motor and cognitive tasks reveals reductions in working memory performance following exercise in the heat
- Author
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Jacqueline Schwob, Lora Cavuoto, Zachary J. Schlader, and David Hostler
- Subjects
Elementary cognitive task ,Physiology ,Working memory ,Physiology (medical) ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that, following exercise in the heat, motor task performance will be impaired when assessed simultaneously with a cognitive task. In a randomized, crossover and counterbalanced design, twelve healthy adults (23 ± 2 years, 5 women) completed four 10-minute exercise circuits involving upper and lower body exercise in a moderate (18.1 ± 1.7°C, 38 ± 10% relative humidity) and a hot (40.3 ± 1.1°C, 26 ± 5% relative humidity) environment. Experimental testing was completed in a temperate thermal environment before exercise (~25°C) and in either the moderate or hot environment following exercise. The 3 Back test (a test of working memory) was used as the cognitive task and postural sway was used as the motor task. Cognitive and motor task performance assessments were conducted both individually (solo) and simultaneously (dual). At the end of exercise, core temperature (by 0.4 ± 0.3°C, P
- Published
- 2022
41. Spatial reasoning in context: bridging cognitive and educational perspectives of spatial-mathematics relations.
- Author
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Harris, Danielle
- Subjects
SPATIAL ability ,INTELLIGENCE tests ,MATHEMATICS education ,COGNITIVE psychology ,COGNITION research ,ACADEMIC achievement - Abstract
Spatial reasoning is ingrained in daily life, such as when locating our keys or parking our car. At a broad level, spatial reasoning describes the ability to mentally represent and transform objects and their relations. Spatial reasoning is comprised of distinct, yet related, spatial skills, most of which have strong links with mathematics achievement. Subsequently, understanding the ways spatial reasoning connects with mathematics has the potential to support achievement in school. However, current research practices have failed to translate into practical outcomes for students. To date, research has often focused on decontextualized spatial skills, measured by psychometric tests, to generalize about broader models of spatial reasoning. However, spatial reasoning goes beyond test performance. In this theoretical review, I have sought to find the points of connection between the fields of cognitive psychology, often based in the lab, and mathematics education, situated within classrooms, and discussed ways to connect this currently siloed work for greater impact on classroom practice. The paper addresses the emergence of spatial research from its historical roots in intelligence testing and the influence these conceptualizations have had on contemporary methodologies. It goes on to discuss how these research traditions may be limiting our ability to understand the mechanisms linking spatial reasoning and mathematics. The paper argues for a broader view of research problems and methodologies in spatial cognition research to facilitate the translation of research to meaningful contexts in pedagogy and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION RESEARCH ON VR TASK SCENARIO DESIGN BASED ON COGNITIVE LOAD.
- Author
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Qian-Wen Fu, Qing-Hua Liu, and Tao Hu
- Subjects
- *
COGNITIVE load , *RESOURCE-based theory of the firm , *COGNITIVE psychology , *VIRTUAL reality , *SMART cities - Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency of information acquisition and task selection in Virtual Reality (VR) systems, enhance the interactive experience, and reduce cognitive load for users, it is crucial to effectively organize and leverage user cognitive psychology and design elements during the VR scene design phase. This paper focuses on analyzing the low cognitive load requirements of users and the need for a satisfactory user perceptual experience based on the cognitive resource theory. We propose a method for optimizing the design of VR system scenario tasks under low cognitive load requirements. By utilizing human-computer hybrid intelligent assistance for predicting user cognitive load and incorporating intelligent optimization genetic algorithms into the optimization of VR system design elements, we aim to minimize cognitive load as the objective function based on the principle of low cognitive load. Important knowledge granularity nodes are used as fitness functions in the optimization process of VR system design resource elements. An application study is conducted, combining the multi-channel cognition in a smart city VR system task information interface, to optimize the system resource features. The study validates and compares the solutions obtained through traditional design processes and the solutions optimized by the method proposed in this paper, using virtual reality eye-tracking experiments for the same design task requirements in VR systems. The results demonstrate that users experience lower cognitive load and better task operation experience when interacting with the optimized solutions proposed in this paper. Therefore, the optimization method studied in this paper can serve as a reference for the construction of virtual reality systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The effect of new e-commerce platform's OSC promotion on consumer cognition: from cognitive legitimacy and cognitive psychology perspective.
- Author
-
Deng Yu, Han Wei, Zhang Xuefeng, Huang Zhongxuan, and Zhang Yijun
- Subjects
COGNITIVE psychology ,CONSUMER behavior ,CONSUMERS ,PERCEPTION (Philosophy) ,CONSUMER attitudes ,ELECTRONIC journals ,USER-generated content - Abstract
Introduction: In the realm of emerging e-commerce platforms, the influence of online shopping events, specifically online carnival promotions (OSC), on consumer behavior is a significant area of interest. This paper delves into the effects of such promotions on consumer perceptions, a topic that has not been extensively explored in academic research. Methods: To investigate this phenomenon, two distinct studies were conducted. The first study employed a questionnaire-based experiment involving 220 participants, divided into two groups. The first study examined the mediating role of cognitive legitimacy in the relationship between OSC events organized by new e-commerce platforms and the perceptions of consumers. The second study utilized an eventrelated potentials (ERPs) experiment with 33 participants to explore the differences in consumer perceptions between OSC promotions and general promotions by new e-commerce platforms. This study measured the brain's response to promotional stimuli to gain insights into the cognitive processes involved. Results: The first study yielded results that suggest OSC activities can facilitate the establishment of cognitive legitimacy for new e-commerce platforms. This, in turn, was found to be associated with an increase in positive purchase intentions among consumers. In the second study, the ERPs data indicated that exposure to OSC promotional materials elicited larger P2 and N2 ERP components when participants were presented with the logo of a new e-commerce platform. This was in contrast to the response to general promotional materials, suggesting a heightened cognitive and perceptual engagement with OSC promotions. Discussion: The findings from both studies collectively imply that OSC promotions have a distinct impact on consumer perceptions and cognitive processes. The implicit memory triggered by these promotions appears to influence the identification of new platforms and the mechanisms of cognitive control during online shopping. This, in turn, may have implications for explicit consumer behavior, suggesting that OSC promotions could be a powerful tool for shaping consumer attitudes and behaviors in the e-commerce space. The results underscore the importance of understanding the nuances of consumer engagement with new e-commerce platforms and the role of promotional strategies in fostering a positive brand image and consumer loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Levels of Analysis, Causal Mechanisms, and the Inferential Verification of Ideas.
- Author
-
Ying-yu Chen, René
- Subjects
POLITICAL science ,INFERENCE (Logic) ,DILEMMA ,INFORMATION processing ,SOCIAL processes ,FACTOR analysis ,COGNITIVE psychology - Abstract
Since 2000, there has been a movement toward bringing the micro-level variables of ideas and agency back into the disciplines of political science. Under these various ideational shifts, the agent-based ideas at the micro-level are conceptualized as terms of cognition or as cognitive information processes in social or cognitive psychology that are to be used to make inferences of structural or macro-level explanations on changes of policy-making or institutional transformation. This trend emphasizes that analyses of ideational factors should be unpacked as independent variables which can be operationalized and verified to have causation. Therefore, this paper suggests that studies of ideational variables should follow three lines of operationalization: the clarification of levels of analysis, the concretization of causal mechanisms, and the verification of practical inferences synthesizes the practices and the limitations of this trend toward ideas. It argues the the ideational turn facilitates the exploration of the structure-agency dilemma with theoretical models, middle-range causal mechanisms, and practical verifications in political science. However, the valid inferences on various mechanisms at different levels need further investigations and evidence-based verifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The red-beard evolutionary explanation of human sociality
- Author
-
Koliofotis, Vaios
- Subjects
Emotion ,Signal ,Original Paper ,History ,Social emotions ,Evolution ,Emotions ,Green-beard ,Altruism (biology) ,Altruism ,Biological Evolution ,Focus (linguistics) ,Cooperation ,Proximate and ultimate causation ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Common cause and special cause ,Humans ,Cooperative Behavior ,Evolution of emotion ,Social Behavior ,Psychology ,Sociality ,Mechanism (sociology) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Recent evolutionary studies on cooperation devote specific attention to non-verbal expressions of emotions. In this paper, I examine Robert Frank’s popular attempt to explain emotions, non-verbal markers and social behaviours. Following this line of work, I focus on the green-beard explanation of social behaviours. In response to the criticisms raised against this controversial ultimate explanation, based on resources found in Frank’s work, I propose an alternative red-beard explanation of human sociality. The red-beard explanation explains the emergence and evolution of emotions, a proximate cause, rather than patterns of behaviour. In contrast to simple evolutionary models that invoke a green-beard mechanism, I demonstrate that the red-beard explanation can be evolutionary stable. Social emotions are a common cause of a social behaviour and a phenotypic marker and therefore cooperative behaviour cannot be suppressed without also changing the marker.
- Published
- 2021
46. Interpreting Developmental Surface Dyslexia within a Comorbidity Perspective
- Author
-
Maria De Luca, Chiara Valeria Marinelli, and Pierluigi Zoccolotti
- Subjects
General Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perspective (graphical) ,Dyslexia ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Concept Paper ,medicine.disease ,Spelling ,Task (project management) ,dyslexia ,co-morbidity ,reading ,acquisition of instances ,Reading (process) ,medicine ,Association (psychology) ,Competence (human resources) ,Surface dyslexia ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Recent evidence underlines the importance of seeing learning disorders in terms of their partial association (comorbidity). The present concept paper presents a model of reading that aims to account for performance on a naturalistic reading task within a comorbidity perspective. The model capitalizes on the distinction between three independent levels of analysis: competence, performance, and acquisition: Competence denotes the ability to master orthographic–phonological binding skills; performance refers to the ability to read following specific task requirements, such as scanning the text from left to right. Both competence and performance are acquired through practice. Practice is also essential for the consolidation of item-specific memory traces (or instances), a process which favors automatic processing. It is proposed that this perspective might help in understanding surface dyslexia, a reading profile that has provoked a prolonged debate among advocates of traditional models of reading. The proposed reading model proposes that surface dyslexia is due to a defective ability to consolidate specific traces or instances. In this vein, it is a “real” deficit, in the sense that it is not due to an artifact (such as limited exposure to print); however, as it is a cross-domain defect extending to other learning behaviors, such as spelling and math, it does not represent a difficulty specific to reading. Recent evidence providing initial support for this hypothesis is provided. Overall, it is proposed that viewing reading in a comorbidity perspective might help better understand surface dyslexia and might encourage research on the association between surface engdyslexia and other learning disorders. Keywords: dyslexia; co-morbidity; reading; acquisition of instances
- Published
- 2021
47. Ageing- and dementia-friendly design: theory and evidence from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and environmental psychology can contribute to design guidelines that minimise spatial disorientation
- Author
-
Francesca Pazzaglia and Jan M. Wiener
- Subjects
Aging ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Behavioural sciences ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Environments ,Spatial memory ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Wayfinding ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Sheltered housing ,Artificial Intelligence ,Orientation (mental) ,Neuropsychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Environmental psychology ,Confusion ,Aged ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,Ageing ,Dementia ,Dementia-friendly design ,Spatial orientation ,Opinion Papers and Commentary ,Nursing Homes ,Environmental Psychology ,Spatial disorientation ,Quality of Life ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Many older people, both with and without dementia, eventually move from their familiar home environments into unfamiliar surroundings, such as sheltered housing or care homes. Age-related declines in wayfinding skills can make it difficult to learn to navigate in these new, unfamiliar environments. To facilitate the transition to their new accommodation, it is therefore important to develop retirement complexes and care homes specifically designed to reduce the wayfinding difficulties of older people and those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Residential complexes that are designed to support spatial orientation and that compensate for impaired navigation abilities would make it easier for people with dementia to adapt to their new living environment. This would improve the independence, quality of life and well-being of residents, and reduce the caregivers’ workload. Based on these premises, this opinion paper considers how evidence from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and environmental psychology can contribute to ageing- and dementia-friendly design with a view to minimising spatial disorientation. After an introduction of the cognitive mechanisms and processes involved in spatial navigation, and the changes that occur in typical and atypical ageing, research from the field of environmental psychology is considered, highlighting design factors likely to facilitate (or impair) indoor wayfinding in complex buildings. Finally, psychological theories and design knowledge are combined to suggest ageing- and dementia-friendly design guidelines that aim to minimise spatial disorientation by focusing on residual navigation skills.
- Published
- 2021
48. Exploring Emotional Reappraisal and Repression through Acoustic Mood Self-Tracking
- Author
-
Matthew Waldman, Andrew W. Vargo, and Hannah R. Nolasco
- Subjects
Mood ,Recall ,Computer science ,Realm ,Position paper ,Self tracking ,Face (sociological concept) ,Mental health ,Psychological repression ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Self-tracking technologies are a dominant tool employed in Human-computer Interaction (HCI) in the realm of mental health research. The majority of these tools serve as mechanisms for self-reflection in individuals with affective disorders and are often used to inform medical treatment provided by caregivers. Mood tracking, in particular, has the potential to be expanded into other explorations beyond mere trend-lines of affective states; behaviors such as emotion reappraisal and repression could be measured and influenced as a means of improving user mental health outcomes. As self-tracking technologies face numerous challenges in the motivation and engagement of persons with mental illnesses, this position paper forwards an alternative approach demonstrated through “TENOR,” an acoustic mood-tracking application designed to increase user involvement through music creation and emotional recall.
- Published
- 2021
49. Reflecting on Emotions within VR Mood Worlds
- Author
-
Jasmin Niess and Nadine Wagener
- Subjects
Mood ,Feeling ,Computer science ,Intervention (counseling) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Position paper ,Virtual reality ,Mental health ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Virtual reality applications can be an effective tool for emotion regulation and therefore support emotional well-being and mental health. However, many VR applications focus on inducing (positive) emotions and there is little research on how users can express their emotions autonomously at home. Thus, there is a need to inquire how emotions can be expressed independently in virtual environments. To that end, this position paper presents VR Mood Worlds, a VR application for ER intervention, that allows users to visualise their emotions and thus supports emotion regulation and emotional well-being.
- Published
- 2021
50. Stochastic surprisal: An inferential measurement of free energy in neural networks.
- Author
-
Prabhushankar, Mohit and AlRegib, Ghassan
- Subjects
COGNITIVE psychology ,LOGICAL prediction - Abstract
This paper conjectures and validates a framework that allows for action during inference in supervised neural networks. Supervised neural networks are constructed with the objective to maximize their performance metric in any given task. This is done by reducing free energy and its associated surprisal during training. However, the bottom-up inference nature of supervised networks is a passive process that renders them fallible to noise. In this paper, we provide a thorough background of supervised neural networks, both generative and discriminative, and discuss their functionality from the perspective of free energy principle. We then provide a framework for introducing action during inference. We introduce a new measurement called stochastic surprisal that is a function of the network, the input, and any possible action. This action can be any one of the outputs that the neural network has learnt, thereby lending stochasticity to the measurement. Stochastic surprisal is validated on two applications: Image Quality Assessment and Recognition under noisy conditions. We show that, while noise characteristics are ignored to make robust recognition, they are analyzed to estimate image quality scores. We apply stochastic surprisal on two applications, three datasets, and as a plug-in on 12 networks. In all, it provides a statistically significant increase among all measures. We conclude by discussing the implications of the proposed stochastic surprisal in other areas of cognitive psychology including expectancy-mismatch and abductive reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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