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Business ethics (BE) professors play a crucial role in sensitizing business students toward their future ethical responsibilities. Yet, there are few papers exploring the ethical challenges these professors themselves face while teaching BE. In this qualitative paper, we rely on the lenses of ethical sensemaking and dramaturgical performance, and draw from 29 semi-structured interview conducted with BE professors from various countries and field notes from 17 h of observation of BE classes. We identify four kinds of rationalities that professors rely on for making sense of in-class ethical challenges, eventually leading them to engage in one of four corresponding types of performances. By juxtaposing high and low scores of two underlying dimensions (degree of expressivity and degree of imposition), we offer a framework of four emerging performances. Additionally, we show that professors can shift from one performance to another during the course of their interactions. We contribute to performance literature by demonstrating the plurality of performances and explaining their emergence. We also contribute to sensemaking literature by offering support to its recent turn from an episodic (crises or disruption-based) to a relational, interactional, and present-oriented understanding. Since professors' performances have an impact not only on their own teaching experiences but also on students' learning experiences, undermining these would result in compromising the efforts that business schools have been making toward sensitizing future managers to their ethical responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits Erving Goffman's Frame Analysis fifty years after its publication. The paper first situates this book within the context of its intellectual precursors, namely Georg Simmel's 1917 essay “Sociability,” Alfred Schutz's 1945 article “On Multiple Realities,” and Gregory Bateson's 1955 paper “A Theory of Play and Fantasy.” It then examines the book's three main themes, namely framing, keying, and disattention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-presence, proximity, and moving with other people, have long been recognised as important factors in our decision-making and performances of everyday wayfinding. Such arguments have roots in the work of sociologist Erving Goffman, whose concept of the "mobile with" has been widely used to articulate the fluid conglomerations of bodies who come to move together. This paper pushes Goffman's idea of the "mobile with" into the digital age, opening our field of view to an expanded understanding of "co-mobility". Drawing on the autoethnographic accounts of one of our authors, we illustrate that with the advent of new technologies, bodies are constantly and simultaneously connected to near and distant others, and known and unknown travel companions. These complex techno-communities take form in two key ways: via the sensory and haptic forms of communication required in using technological devices, and the virtual presence afforded by the ability to enact these communications across time and space. Using affect as a lens of analysis, this paper illustrates that sharing co-mobile experiences with near and distant others evokes a particular style of presencing. Importantly, the various affects of presence are called into focus in intense moments, with implications for how people perform their mobilities in the moment, and the lingering emotions they carry in contemplating future mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicommunication is a form of multitasking that involves engaging in two or more interactional activities simultaneously. Technological features of mediated communication make multicommunication more practical, yet it is questioned whether the quality of our interactions is upheld when interpersonal engagement is split. This paper addresses this concern by asking whether interactional techniques are employed by multicommunicators in the context of Facebook and what this means for the quality of our online interactions. Building on previous multicommunication research, this paper examines how multicommunication is managed behind the screen: that is, how interlocutors move between overlapping conversations rather than the organisation within conversations themselves. In doing this, this paper extends the Goffmanian concept of 'participatory roles', arguing that multicommunicators adopt the role of a 'manager' to move between numerous conversation threads. Through presenting screen capture data of Facebook Messenger interactions, and drawing on micro analytic methods, it is revealed how Facebook users work to simplify their interactions when multicommunicating whilst simultaneously preserving interactional complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that impoliteness research has spanned over three decades, it has been conceptualized persistently in terms of politeness as its binary opposite. In this paper, we endeavor to provide a theoretical framework for studying impoliteness as significant communicative practice. We aim to introduce Levinas' face as an alternative to Goffman's face and identify impoliteness with Levinas' face for the reason that Levinas' face, featuring absolute difference, can only be expressed through the discourse of resistance which manifests in various phenomena commonly categorized as impoliteness. We also argue that impoliteness is essentially the discourse of the authentic Self whose uncompromising difference, though potentially resulting in conflictive phenomena, facilitates understanding between individuals, not as actors, but as unique beings with their individualities and differences. We further contend that impoliteness is ethical in that the discourse of resistance does not aim for power but calls for respect for individual difference as well as responsibility for the Other in an effort to seek equality in human relations which are fundamentally power-laden and unequal. We also provide a case study to apply our theoretical construction of impoliteness to a literary classic, namely, Herman Melville's "Bartleby, the Scrivener" to illustrate our main points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does speaking up ruin one's life? Organizational and whistleblowing research largely accept that "whistleblower" is a negative label that effects one's well-being. Whistleblowing research also emphasizes the drawn-out process of speaking up. The result is a narrative of the whistleblower as someone who suffers indefinitely. In this paper, I draw on theories of stigma, labelling, and identity, specifically stigmatized identity, to provide a more nuanced understanding of whistleblower stigma as relational and temporary. I analyse two cases of whistleblowing, one where the label "whistleblower" was accepted, and one where it was eventually rejected. By comparing how the whistleblower responds to stigmatizing and non-stigmatizing others, I explore how whistleblower stigmatization emerges, or does not, in interactions. This paper makes two important contributions. First, I add to the growing research on whistleblower stigmatization a more nuanced and developed framework: one that sees the interaction between whistleblowers and others as relational. Second, I provide an understanding of the identity "whistleblower" as one that can be temporary and revisable. Research has highlighted how whistleblowing is a process, but little attention has been paid to how one "moves on" from being a whistleblower and the potential stigmatization associated with the role. Rather than assuming a whistleblower is stuck with this identity—and the associated stigma—for life, I provide insight on how "whistleblower" can be a positive label that opens one up to support, and even when it is stigmatized, it does not have to be an end state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

- At an elite school in Sweden, social science education contradicts the ideals of democratic education. - Micro-power actions change when students outperform their teacher's subject knowledge. - Micro-interactional power is expressed by recognition and misrecognition in the classroom. - As an observer in the elite school, one simultaneously becomes loud and invisible. - Further ethnographic "studies up from below" are needed in social science education. Purpose: This paper offers insights into the dynamic of misrecognition in an elite school. It presents new findings on micro-interactional power relations in the classroom and argues for additional ethnographies of social science education in elite schools. Methodology: This paper uses an ethnographic method. Its research employs the observational position of a "belonging stranger" is put forward in contrast to the idea of "going native". The focus is on the power of micro-interaction. Findings: A key empirical finding is the change in power relations that occurs when students outrank their social science teacher in subject knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finnish-Russian dual citizens are the largest group of multiple citizens in Finland. Building on thematic interviews and drawing on Sara Ahmed's work on cultural politics of emotions, this paper examines how emotions related to Russia and Russianness influence the way young Finnish-Russian dual citizens perceive their status and opportunities in Finland. The findings imply that emotions indeed play a significant role in shaping the way the young dual citizens use their citizenships. Due to the negative emotions related to Russia, many dual citizens tend to conceal or control their Russianness in public spaces. As a result, dual citizens' Russianness is increasingly becoming a private matter, whereas in the public sphere they aim at improving their status by trying to pass or act as Finns. Conceptually, this paper draws attention to the momentary and contextual nature of belonging. Depending on the context, an individual's sense of belonging can rapidly change from feeling at home to feeling out of place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the central role of digital devices and screens in academic work, their use and our relationship to them are under-theorised in mainstream research into digital education. The Covid-19 pandemic, however, rendered the use of digital screens central to life in 'lockdowns'. This paper will consider the relationships between digital screens and anti-epidemic face masks, considering these artefacts in terms of functionality, academic subjectivities and epistemic practices, drawing on sociomaterial perspectives, Goffman's categories of lecturing self, and the history of anti-epidemic mask-wearing. I illustrate this with a vignette of teaching via digital screens, given by a member of faculty in an interview study exploring the impact of the lockdown on university staff. It will conclude that the digital screen may be viewed as a 'digital mask'; carrying out a practical function, but also performing an ideology of hygiene and reason. The implications for digital higher education post-pandemic are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addressed the identity work of female exercisers during menstruation. Specifically, we considered (a) behavioural expectations attached to the sport and exercise role identity during menstruation, (b) menstruation as a discreditable stigma, and (c) the impression management strategies that exercisers put in place to successfully enact the desired sport and exercise role identity during menstruation. Data were generated via 30 semi-structured interviews with female exercisers from diverse ethnic groups. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using phronetic iterative analysis. Data were interpreted through symbolic interactionist and dramaturgical theorisations of identity, impression management, and stigma. Our analysis highlighted the importance of the sport and exercise role identity, which was reflected in the time and money that the participants invested in their sport and exercise engagement. We illustrated that, during menstruation, behavioural expectations determined the participants’ hidden management of menstrual symptoms to ensure the successful enactment of their desired sport and exercise role identity. This was because menstruation represented a discreditable stigma, a blemish that had to be hidden away from the view of others. Our participants therefore implemented impression management strategies including the use of props (e.g. pain relief), and management of their appearance (e.g. clothing, hair, makeup), manner (e.g. a stoic expression), and staging (e.g. standing at the back of an exercise class) to help with the enactment of their sport and exercise role identity. We believe this study makes a substantial contribution to the literature addressing menstruation within sport and exercise by unpacking the norms and expectations associated with menstruation. In turn, this study is giving voice to the unique needs and experiences of menstruating exercises and with this, contributes to normalising conversations about menstruation and its impact on menstruators’ daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erving Goffman's concept of framing is one of his most enduring contributions to social science. Despite the canonical status of Frame Analysis (1974) in multiple fields, few acknowledge its intellectual engagement with animal studies. It was Gregory Bateson, in an analysis of animal play, who first posited the idea of frames as metacommunicative propositions that signal the meaning of behavior. In this paper, we show that Goffman did not just opportunistically borrow the idea of framing from Bateson, but also advanced Bateson's thesis that nonhuman animals are capable of (re)framing the meaning of behavior. He emphasized that animals and humans could meta‐communicate with each other as well. Goffman polemicized against human exceptionalist theories of cognition and communication—not only in Frame Analysis, but also in unpublished remarks he delivered at a controversial conference on animal communication, and he suggested that the ability to meta‐communicate is a more appropriate index of mind than language. Although new research indicates that many species use “significant symbols” and have a “theory of mind,” most interactionists have not reckoned with the sociological implications of animals as “minded” social actors capable of metacommunication with each other—and with people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines social stigma in relation to child welfare involvement. Drawing on interviews with twenty former youth in care, the paper highlights the participants' experiences with stigma and their adaptive responses. Notably, participants described pervasive stigma that accompanied their status as youth in care. To contend with the stigma they experienced, participants developed a range of responses, including concealment, challenging the stereotypes, physical retaliation, and seeking solidarity. The study aligns with previous research identifying concealment as a relevant strategy for mitigating the effects of stigma among foster care recipients. However, the results also extend the literature in this area by identifying additional adaptive responses. Moreover, the participants revealed that the stigma they experienced was pervasive, yielding long-term effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Times of crisis within prison settings either at a system-wide level during times of riots or during pandemics or at more personal levels during time in segregation can be particularly challenging times when the prison can feel more "total" than other times. Goffman's influential work outlines a particular interpretation of the parameters of the total institution, of which prisons were one manifestation. In the years following its publication, a wide range of research has sought to subvert the notion that prisons are total institutions, suggesting a greater permeability of contemporary prison walls. This article calls for a re-consideration of this dismissal, and a reconnection and critical engagement with Goffman's original parameters within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown. The response to COVID-19 in prison settings, resulted in may prison jurisdictions rolling back on policies that, to an extent, had subverted prisons looking and feeling "total", through the increased "porosity" of prison wall. Through the analysis of 19 letters received from 8 people in custody in one Scottish prison, there emerges a reframed and reconsidered permeability of prison walls. For the participants in this study, the experiences of the COVID-19 lockdown complicate much of the recent critique of the relevance of the total institution as a theoretical frame to analyse contemporary prisons. Ultimately this paper argues, that through analysing the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible to observe a more essential and "total" characteristic of contemporary imprisonment. This has been obscured through decades of penal reform, but the total parameters of prison spaces emerges more clearly during times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Call centers have been critiqued in academia and the media for widespread standardization. This paper argues that although this critique of working conditions is well-intended, it has led to unwanted stigmatization of not just call center work but also of call center agents. Much has been published on call centers, but the stigma this work entails and the effect this has on agents on and off the phone has been overlooked. This paper applies Goffman's notion of stigma to data collected through long-term ethnography and interviews with over seventy call center agents in a London call center. I show how agents experience, manage, and resist stigma. The analysis reveals that agents attempt to hide where they work by adopting different accents and avoiding specific lexis associated with call center language. I conclude by suggesting potential avenues for reducing the stigma of working in a call center, e.g. shifting the dominant discussion in academia beyond debates surrounding standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of events being opposed to everyday life is widely reflected in events literature. Events are generally characterized as being 'out of the ordinary'. This paper explores the creation and performance of the extraordinary, as well as the spills over of the extraordinary into everyday life. Using ethnographic methods, such as participant observation and interviews, the social practices of the fantasy event 'Elfia' were studied. The results show how the participants, both in everyday life and during the event, actively create and maintain the extraordinary via meanings, materials and competences. But instead of being completely out of the ordinary, the event provides a temporary re-arrangement of status and social order. This paper challenges the dominant narrative about events as extraordinary spaces of freedom and escapism. Instead, the extraordinary turns out to be interwoven with everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mind-sports are a relatively under-explored area within the sociology of sport, especially the internationally played game of bridge. In this qualitative sociological study of tournament bridge, we examine the formation and performance of elite bridge player identities through interviews with 52 US and European players. Drawing on symbolic interactionism and Goffman specifically, the paper explores elite players' social interaction across frontstage and backstage contexts, considering the performativity of self, impression management and values of character. The paper advances the sociology of mind-sport, contributing new insights into how identity is (per)formed by elite players as embodied social interaction within the bridge interaction order. We propose a recursive and layered model of identities across the self, partnership and community. The partnership element is particularly unique to the bridge sports world, which represents an interesting case for the sociological study of international mind-sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approaches of discourse analysis, however, are at variance regarding their perspectives to discourse definition and its relationship with language and society. Based on such variance, each approach posits certain tools and applications consistent with its main principles. For instance, some approaches devote efforts to describing discourse itself and avoid accounting for underlying motivation and speakers' intentions such as "ISA"1 developed by Gumperz and Goffman, Schiffrin (1994). On the other hand, Grice's theory devotes concerns to both speaker's intention and hearer's interpretation and gives no or little attention to the effect of societal factor on linguistic stereotype, Haji-Hasan (2010). This paper is an attempt to use the integrative approach in discourse analysis. The integrative approach mainly presents critical results of a contrastive analysis by which the two approaches are mutually used to discourse analysis. Thus, this paper attempted to make use of the repertoire stemmed from the integrative approach to data analysis. The outcomes showed that socio-linguistic level taken from ISA and pragmatic level taken from conversational implicatures provided a very good tool to discourse analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare under the auspices of late‐stage capitalism is a total institution that mortifies nurses and patients alike, demanding conformity, obedience, perfection. This capture, which resembles Deleuze's enclosure, entangles nurses in carceral systems and gives way to a postenclosure society, an institution without walls. These societies of control constitute another sort of total institution, more covert and insidious for their invisibility (Deleuze, 1992). While Delezue (1992) named physical technologies like electronic identification badges as key to understanding these societies of control, the political economy of late‐stage capitalism functions as a total institution with no cohesive, centralized, connected material apparatus required. In this manuscript, we outline the ways in which the healthcare industrial complex demands nurse conformity and how that, in turn, operationalizes nurses in service to the institution. This foundation leads to the assertion that nursing must foster a radical imagination for itself, unbound by reality as it presently exists, in order that we might conjure more just, equitable futures for caregivers and care receivers alike. To tease out what a radical imagination might look like, we dwell in paradox: getting folks the care they need in capitalist healthcare systems; engaging nursing's deep history to inspire alternative understandings for the future of the discipline; and how nursing might divest from extractive institutional structures. This paper is a jumping‐off place to interrogate the ways institutions telescope and where nursing fits into the arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research study focuses on the challenges for educators in schools and universities when teaching face-to-face in formal contexts was removed and learning and teaching moved entirely online. Using Goffman's concepts of dramaturgy and self-presentation, alongside concepts from spatial geography, the study shows how educators made sense of the new 'hybrid' contexts for online working in which they found themselves, how they constructed their changed performances and pedagogies, how they engaged in impression management, and how they negotiated the implications of the contradictions and ambiguities around public/private encounters online for their professional performances. Looking to the future, the paper then discusses the implications of the findings for teacher education, identifying that, whilst learning to teach online as well as face-to-face and becoming familiar with a range of appropriate technologies to support high-quality learning are clearly vital, new teachers also need to develop enhanced design skills underpinned by learner-centred values which enable them to become pedagogically agile and confident in managing their professional selves, whether online or offline, in responding to learner needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sociologist and a linguist, unaware of each other's work, each assigned a technical meaning to the term frame around 1970, based on separate usages of the word frame from the 1950s. Each researcher instigated a theory of frame analysis. Over the following decades, the two approaches to framing became intertwined as followers of both Goffman and Fillmore studied metaphoric framing, examined factors affecting the communication of frames, and became particularly interested in politics and the mass media. Years later, many theorists complain about the fragmented field of frame studies. The paper suggests that some of the fragmentation can be resolved by recognizing the dual origins of framing studies, and classifying instances of framing in either the Goffman or the Fillmore tradition as occurring at the level of language, thought, or communication. These three levels are termed semantic framing, cognitive framing, and communicative framing. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > CognitiveLinguistics > Linguistic TheoryComputer Science and Robotics > Natural Language Processing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeing sociology visually adds a sense of realness to the viewer compared to only reading sociological texts. In this paper, I aim to provide an example of how a single scene from a feature film can be utilized as a practical and meaningful means to analyze a social situation and to help students of sociology to grasp key features of Goffman's theory of interaction order. More precisely, the main aims of the paper are 1) to illustrate Goffman's theory of the interaction order by identifying acts of disruption and alignment in interaction through a film clip; and 2) to attempt to analyze, in a Goffmanian sense, what is really going on in the situational interaction. The scene is from the 2013 American movie August: Osage County and follows a dinner of immediate family in the wake of the funeral of the hostess's late husband. The normative and civilized interaction of the meal is, however, jeopardized by the hostile and provocative mood of the hostess, as she repeatedly disrupts the interaction order with attempts to mock and/or uncover the hidden and vulnerable truths of the immediate members of her family, exemplifying her power status in the particular situation. The dinner guests, however, try to overlook and resist the provocation of the hostess and stick to their predetermined roles to save and sustain their idealized selves (their faces) and the interaction order (the faces of others), In doing so they, on the one hand, discard the uncomfortable truths acclaimed by the hostess and, on the other, explain the hostess's provocative actions in terms of their claim that she is unwell and in need of medical attention. Thus, the attacked dinner guests in the scene align more alliance to the interaction order than to truth itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines social stigma in relation to child welfare involvement. Drawing on interviews with twenty former youth in care, the paper highlights the participants’ experiences with stigma and their adaptive responses. Notably, participants described pervasive stigma that accompanied their status as youth in care. To contend with the stigma they experienced, participants developed a range of responses, including concealment, challenging the stereotypes, physical retaliation, and seeking solidarity. The study aligns with previous research identifying concealment as a relevant strategy for mitigating the effects of stigma among foster care recipients. However, the results also extend the literature in this area by identifying additional adaptive responses. Moreover, the participants revealed that the stigma they experienced was pervasive, yielding long-term effects.

Seeing sociology visually adds a sense of realness to the viewer compared to only reading sociological texts. In this paper, I aim to provide an example of how a single scene from a feature film can be utilized as a practical and meaningful means to analyze a social situation and to help students of sociology to grasp key features of Goffman’s theory of interaction order. More precisely, the main aims of the paper are 1) to illustrate Goffman’s theory of the interaction order by identifying acts of disruption and alignment in interaction through a film clip; and 2) to attempt to analyze, in a Goffmanian sense, what is really going on in the situational interaction. The scene is from the 2013 American movie August: Osage County and follows a dinner of immediate family in the wake of the funeral of the hostess’s late husband. The normative and civilized interaction of the meal is, however, jeopardized by the hostile and provocative mood of the hostess, as she repeatedly disrupts the interaction order with attempts to mock and/or uncover the hidden and vulnerable truths of the immediate members of her family, exemplifying her power status in the particular situation. The dinner guests, however, try to overlook and resist the provocation of the hostess and stick to their predetermined roles to save and sustain their idealized selves (their faces) and the interaction order (the faces of others), In doing so they, on the one hand, discard the uncomfortable truths acclaimed by the hostess and, on the other, explain the hostess’s provocative actions in terms of their claim that she is unwell and in need of medical attention. Thus, the attacked dinner guests in the scene align more alliance to the interaction order than to truth itself.

This paper discusses Goffman's first article Symbols of class status which was published in 1951. Goffman's great ability to construct concepts, a veritable arsenal of theoretically dense neologisms that gives us back the world of interaction, is already evident in this article which testifies to his theoretical skills and how much these inform his empirical observations in a virtuous circle that allows him to return to analytical systematization making it flexible and meaningful. Although written before the dramaturgical turn, we can already see from the first lines of this essay some elements that will later be central to Goffman's approach, such as the idea that the social order is based on an operational consensus, the interactional nature of the social order, the role of the ceremonial game around identity, the role of forms of communication in dividing people into categories. Goffman's major works do not deal directly with class divisions, but reading this article we can reach a new perspective on his work and consider that many of his observations could be re-elaborated to shed light on the symbolic boundaries and strategies that divide social classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article joins Durkheim's theory of cult and Goffman's notion of an interactional membrane to show how rituals transform social life from mundanity to ritual, and back again. I update these classical theories with a cultural sociology of performance and the sociology of fun to emphasize diversity in social compositions, contextual transformations, and contradiction in meaning. With an abductive methodology, I leverage an ethnography of children's sports in Norway to show how we carry out symbolic work to set sports apart from the mundane and then meaningfully enact games either as an attractive play modality or as a constrained organizing of creative play. Dramaturgy, not athletic success, is key in this study. Children's sports, as an arena for tacit learning about symbolic modalities, show us how much effort it takes to create ritual-like encounters and fun. The study also reveals how broadly available codes about children's sports, and about play itself, are worked into sports through social performances where adult coaches and children manoeuvre the possible meanings of sports. The result is a theory of the multiple pathways for symbolic work we can travel to create ritual-like interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erving Goffman is one of sociology's most influential thinkers. Scholars debate the extent to which he worked in competing theoretical traditions (e.g., interactionist or structuralist), yet few acknowledge his intellectual indebtedness to animal ethology. This article traces how naturalistic studies of paralinguistic animal communication influenced Goffman's corpus and specifies the ideas he built on from that field, especially territoriality and ritualized display. Goffman's comparative approach to animal and human interaction reveals the shortcomings of sociologists' lingua-centric approach to interaction; elevates animals to social actors, capable of metacommunication, reading others' intentions, and adjusting their behavior accordingly; and humbles humans, who he finds enacting rituals of civility for the same reason animals engage in ritualized display: to manage threats and facilitate bonding. Goffman's thesis on the similarities between animal and human social behavior compels sociology to consider animal studies, and his use of ethology helps reconcile his interactionist and Durkheimian tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociology & Space / Sociologija i Prostor is the property of Institut za drustvena istrazivanja u Zagrebu (Institute for Social Research of Zagreb) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quarterly Journal of Marketing is the property of Japan Marketing Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the prevalence of symbolic interaction's theory of the self, alongside alternative implicit models in dual-process and practice theory, sociology continues to struggle with incorporating affect into models of the self. To address this gap, we distinguish between the conventional sociological understanding of Goffman's self as cynical and masked and an alternative construct we excavate by paying close attention to negative cases like Goffman's Asylums and Stigma. This alternative theory of self treats self and situation not as one-sided but as mutually constitutive. Unlike most models of self, our alternative is continuously motivated by humans' desire to maintain reputation within a given situation; reputation making is dependent on the situation, and its ceremonial rules provide the context for the self's realization of affective rewards. After considering how reputational claims around ceremonial rules reveal an affectively driven, moral self, we consider the theoretical and methodological implications of the theory for major strands within symbolic interactionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-legal ethnographies have focused largely on the dramaturgical themes present in the competing performances seen in adversarial trials. Drawing on ethnographic observations of British homicide investigations, we illuminate the hidden "backstage" space of prosecution barristers' case conferences. Using Goffman's dramaturgical framework, we analyze the interactions, deliberations, and negotiations that are enacted between barristers, homicide detectives, forensic scientists, and other specialists. To our knowledge, the work that happens in these conferences has never been documented. Our findings reveal how prosecution narratives evolve and are tested behind the scenes before being performed in court. We pay particular attention to the role of anticipatory work in guiding how criminal justice actors choreograph the prosecution case. The findings add to our understanding of narrative case building and elaborate Goffman's dramaturgical framework. We discuss the implications of our findings for due process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional labor is a performance of job-required emotions, staged before an audience. Typically, this performance is not only individual but also collective in nature: it is an emotional display put on jointly by teams of employees. And yet, research into emotional labor has tended to neglect its collective aspects, analyzing it primarily as an individual rather than as a group act. This study aims to redress this gap. Drawing on Goffman's dramaturgical analysis of social groups as "performance teams," we reframe emotional labor as a collaborative performance at the group level. We then apply this framework to examine the intricacies of collective emotional labor between national subgroups in global virtual teams (GVTs), which communicate both cross-culturally and virtually. Based on semi-structured interviews with members of Indian-Israeli virtual teams in high-tech organizations, we show that each national subgroup in GVTs acts as an "emotional performance team" in front of the other subgroup/s as an audience; that this emotional labor tends to be suppressive rather than expressive and shallow rather than deep; and that the collective, suppressive, and shallow character of this emotional labor might fuel a paradoxical vicious cycle that exacerbates ethnocentrism and estrangement between national subgroups in GVTs rather than alleviating them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As every day work is central to people's lives and events serve as significant contextual factors, examining what impact the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions had on knowledge workers warrants further investigation. The author's research question investigated how employees in the London Insurance Market had made sense of their work identities during a period of mandated remote work and isolation from co-workers, leaders and others, amidst a turbulent environment. To address this enquiry, this research drew on Goffman's institutional, dramaturgical and stigma theories. Design/methodology/approach: Data used in this research are from an ongoing PhD study of how individuals conceive, construct and conduct their careers in this field. As individuals and their social worlds are interwoven, a qualitative methodological approach was employed in this research. Findings: Participants were thrusted into a position where they had no prior knowledge what identity they should adopt in a situation which had totalising characteristics. The loss of clear boundaries between work and home setting caused a deterioration of participants' work identities whilst physical separation from their institutions and co-workers posed a risk of disconnecting their past work identities from the present. Moreover, participants' experiences of deterioration and disconnection were intertwined with their demographic and occupational identities. Originality/value: This study aligns with existing research on identity work, emphasising the crucial role of social interaction in the formation of work identities. However, it also highlights that the establishment and sustenance of work identities is also reliant on individuals having separate frontstage and backstage settings to understand and interpret their conduct and those of their significant others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Achieving and then maintaining a career as a professional athlete is hard. Saturated labour markets and the ever-present risk of deselection or injury means that career transitions are an inevitable feature of all athletes' biographies. Like many other professional sports organisations, English Premier League (EPL) clubs have been called upon to provide adequate support to players upon their release from their club. This investigation will examine the experiences and attitudes of EPL players during their career transitions and contextualise the support that EPL club Education and Welfare Officers (EWOs) offer players during this process. Vignette interviewing was employed to engage a purposive sample, consisting of ten EPL players and five EWOs. A combination of Goffman's cooling-out metaphor and notions of Possible Selves is used to unpack the experiences of both players and EWOs. This study offers the proposition that players are Cooled Out as part of their career transitions by EWOs encouraging players to engage with Possible Selves both in and away from footballing environments. Such a process contributes to the empowerment of individuals to manage and successfully navigate their career transition from one club to another or away from the professional game entirely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how the social interactions of youth handball players are entangled with the ideals, beliefs and norms associated with youth athlete learning in Norwegian handball and communicated through coaching practice. This qualitative study uses Goffman's interactional sociological lens to explore how players strategically manage their interactions with peers and coaches by balancing the risks of overuse and injury with the need to be seen as promising, committed players. Our data collection was based on four focus group interviews and five individual interviews with 24 female youth handball players. The athletes reported that they conformed with the social rules and expectations of acceptable behaviour in handball because they wished to avoid being discredited in the eyes of their peers and coaches. Additionally, they engaged with these expectations through self-censorship and behavioural caution, because doing so allowed them to sustain their identity as promising athletes within the current framework of athlete development. They also feared being perceived as less committed to their development. The findings highlight how the normative expectations of youth athletes affect their sense of agency and control, the behaviours they engage in, and their understandings of what it means to be a good athlete. An understanding of how athletes perform socially in ways that facilitate opportunities for ongoing development will help to facilitate more productive, ethical and meaningful practice and pedagogies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online social interaction has become integral to contemporary social life, adding new dimensions to how young people learn, interact, and perceive themselves and one another. We present findings from a yearlong ethnographic study within a Scottish state secondary school to explain pupils' informal social relationships. We particularly investigate how school pupils experience social life inside and outside of school in relation to presenting themselves on social media and consider how they negotiate the overlap between their online (social media) representations and offline (school) encounters with their peers. Our findings evidence that pupils engaged in self-presentation within and across online and offline social contexts, whilst experiencing pressure to 'keep up appearances' between the two. The online environment afforded pupils greater control over self-presentation, especially in relation to bodily appearances. Here, pupils had time and tools to construct idealised fronts and to amass online capital. In some circumstances, this capital could have exchange value within offline environments. However, young people were at continual risk of having their carefully constructed identities discredited when in an in-person setting. We explore these issues in relation to pupil health, wellbeing, and learning, and we consider how educators may respond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from Goffman's original observations on stigma and the consequences of interactions between the stigmatized and supportive or stigmatizing audiences, we conduct a 20-year review of the diverse literature on stigma to revisit the collective nature of stigmatization processes. We find that studies on stigma's origins, responses, processes, and outcomes have diverged from Goffman's relational view of stigma as they have overlooked important relational mechanisms explaining the processes of (de)stigmatization. We draw from those conclusions to justify the need to study stigma as a collective phenomenon. We develop a relational perspective on stigma based on understanding how attributes are stigmatized (or not) by audiences in their interactions. We argue that to advance stigma research, it is necessary to build on Goffman's theory to include the stigmatizers (i.e., the normal) and supporters (i.e., the wise); how they create, sustain, or remove stigma; and how they relate to the stigmatized (i.e., the targets). Accordingly, we provide a research agenda on stigma as a collective phenomenon that theorizes a relational perspective, proposes a typology of how audiences relate to stigmatization, and identifies patterns of relations between audiences. We thus offer a missing piece to existing accounts of stigma by focusing on the key role of audiences (i.e., stigmatizers or supporters of the stigmatized) rather than on the targets of stigma (i.e., the own). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet and social media have radically transformed grief, mourning and memorialisation. This article addresses how online death announcements (ODAs) (where bereaved people use social media platforms to share news of a loved one's death) are extending beyond the role of public death notification previously limited to newspaper-published obituaries. We argue that ODAs are social performances embodying a diverse range of grief responses and offer a significant new direction in death scholarship. We draw on semi-structured interview data with nine people who announced the death of a loved one on Facebook, Instagram or Twitter. Using a dramaturgical framework to interrogate this data, we argue that ODAs go beyond purely information-sharing devices and are, instead, complex performances which benefit mourners in a number of ways and are governed by tacit 'rules' of permission and content. To make sense of this, we analyse in turn the role of, and collaboration between, the 'actors' who post ODAs, the 'performance' of the ODA itself, and the 'audience' of friends/followers who 'receive' the ODA. We reveal that ODAs are social performances possessing multiple modalities and reveal the depth of complexity present in grieving online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erving Goffman's status as a great social scientist today seems relatively secure. Many commentators highlight his extraordinary capacities to pinpoint the fine-grained details of human behavior in the “interaction order”. But if Goffman's brilliance in this respect was deeply rooted in his various and interlocking personal, existential, social, and intellectual idiosyncrasies, and his intellectual practice is inimitable, the degree to which anyone else could, or should try to, imitate Goffman's intellectual practice today, remains an open question. This is especially so when we consider that such practice was grounded in notably wide reading across disciplines and in world literature, a highly developed analytical manner that was inseparable from a notable literary talent in composing published texts, and an open-mindedness about the gathering of data sources in ways that some today find methodologically much too promiscuous. The paper initially considers these issues: the multiple “Goffmans” that exegetes and commentators have identified; how such persons have claimed Goffman to be essentially of one or more theoretical persuasions; and how various social theorists have drawn upon Goffman's work. It then moves on to argue that a Goffmanesque kind of social theorizing, is not only possible (if difficult) today, but also vital too. Such theorizing insists on the ongoing role of literary-intellectual and metaphorical ways of thinking and writing, at a time when these are becoming apparently less crucial in studies of human interaction. No matter how technologically advanced such studies may become, they still require some of the intellectual and literary flair that Goffman brought to his scholarly doings. Goffmanesque theorizing can inform new insights into various domains, including the very nature of social change.

This article draws on Goffman's work Stigma to provide a critical perspective on how elite male players manage their identity in a 'female sport'. Following interviews with players from an all-male netball team in London, England, we critically discuss the different strategies that male netballers use to construct and manage their stigmatized identity(ies), through a variety of stages and strategies associated with stigma management over time, these include; Passing, Group Alignment, and Normalization, strategies which change over time. The article highlights how the individual strategies for stigma management adopted by the male players are a consequence of wider gender relations in sport and the ways in which most sports continue to be organized according to sex segregation. The men in this study experience stigma for playing netball because it is perceived as a sport for women, by exploring the experiences of male netballers it emphasizes how the continued gender binary approach to sport continues to create stigma for male and female athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns UK commercial fruit and vegetable growers' narratives regarding the sustainability of water use for food production. In it we explore their perspectives on efforts by regulators to limit agricultural withdrawals of water from the natural environment in line with EU Water Framework Directive objectives, alongside their views on retailer sustainability commitments. Discourse analysis is used to investigate how the growers contested restrictive regulation, constructed their identities, portrayed other supply chain stakeholders, and conveyed their social relations with them. Using Erving Goffman's theory of frontstage and backstage performances, the implications for the growers' water management decisions and their internalisation of sustainability agendas for water are examined. Whilst the growers gave accounts of purposely misrepresenting their water withdrawal practices and their discourse illustrated significant polarisation between environmental and agricultural interests, their underlying commitment to environmental sustainability was ambivalent, with both anti and pro‐environmental attitudes expressed. The growers also frequently gave critiques of superficial sustainability in fresh produce supply chains. We argue that, given contemporary shifting definitions of agricultural identities, settings in which their construction is negotiated can provide windows of opportunity for conventional growers to engage in genuine pro‐environmental performances that may deepen their assimilation of environmental goals and commitment to sustainable water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passing and coming out are two divergent individual strategies historically associated with the LGBTQ+ community as they struggle to fit in with normative expectations at work and in life. While coming out has gradually become more common in organizations and national contexts that offer safeguards for LGBTQ+ individuals, passing remains an option where no such measures are available. Drawing on interviews with working‐class LGBTQ+ individuals in a country with an adversarial context, that is, Turkey, we identify how varieties of passing, defined as acting and appearing to fit with the dominant sexual orientation and gender identity norms, are used as strategies of coping with institutional norms. Working‐class LGBTQ+ individuals are an important group to study as many draw their pride, power, and identity from their engagement with work and the labor market. Transcending the monolithic accounts of passing, we illustrate four variants of passing (i.e., normalized, defensive, strategic, and instrumental passing) that LGBTQ+ individuals deploy at work. Reflecting on the field study findings, we explicate how and why LGBTQ+ individuals choose to pass at work in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a case study of the school life of Fatou, a newly arrived adolescent student with limited experiences of formal schooling. Drawing on Goffman's theories on impression and stigma management, the article explores the techniques employed by Fatou in order to pass as a "normal" student in the mainstream classroom. The results point to the significance of institutional frameworks in these efforts, and show how Fatou and her teachers collectively employ different impression management techniques in order to downplay the mis-match between Fatou's prior knowledge and the academic demands of the classroom. As a result, it is argued that for Fatou, school becomes a place where, rather than learning subject content, she is "learning to pass". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers colonial New Zealand's poll tax on Chinese immigrants. Poll taxes were recognised as a badge of slavery and therefore could be used to discriminate and stigmatise. This could only happen if the Chinese had first been labelled, stereotyped and separated from 'normal' society, and deprived of their status as full human beings. Anti-Chinese attitudes amongst politicians, lobby groups, the media and society in general paved the way for discriminatory legislation which imposed the poll tax. Since the Chinese were regarded as less than fully human, their liability to discrimination in the form of a poll tax was considered to be justified. Applying Goffman's theory of stigma, as developed by Link and Phelan, this article analyses why the poll tax was discriminatory by referring to social discourse and to attitudes amongst the politicians and media. The poll tax illustrates how the practice of taxation contributed to discrimination and dehumanisation by referring to a specific form of taxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]