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Recently, with the emergence of many image editing tools (photoshop, Topaz studio, etc.), the authenticity of images has been severely challenged. However, the performance of some existing traditional feature extraction methods and detection methods based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is poor, and the information provided by the features extracted from the network is limited and single. In this paper, an end-to-end ringed residual U-Net is proposed to detect image splicing forgery by blending features of non-natural regions. Some regions with significant differences from the image background are defined as non-natural regions(such as the irregular border at the splicing of images). In this paper, a feature enhancement module for non-natural regions is constructed, which the image through the pooling of four different scales, and these features are then combined with the original image and input to the backbone network for processing, aiming to highlight regions of the image that differ significantly from the background. Therefore, after adding the feature enhancement module for non-natural regions to the end-to-end ring residual U-Net, more attention will be paid to the tampering regions in the feature extraction stage, image manipulation detection and localization will also become more accurate. Compared with some mainstream methods, this method achieves better performance on the three standard datasets(CASIA2.0, NIST2016, COLUMBIA). In addition, it has excellent robustness under JPEG compression attack and noise corruption attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the energy efficiency issue in household appliances, which has led to the establishment of policies at a global level in favor of setting minimum energy performance standards (MEPS), which guarantee end users are able to select more efficient equipment. The countries of the United States, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and the Community of the European Union were taken as references to review their policies and implementation strategies, in order to be compared with the Colombian panorama (at the market, technical and political levels). This allows the establishment of common aspects and differences related to the determination of energy consumption, adjusted volume, and formalization of efficiency ranges, and in the specific case of domestic refrigeration. Managing to distinguish the most relevant aspects for the successful adoption of these policies in Colombia. It is evident that the implementation of these guidelines has a positive impact on the market of the countries and communities of reference. Similarly, the MEPS are shown as a mechanism to regulate energy consumption in the residential sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Implementation of evidence-based care for heavy drinking and depression remains low in global health systems. We tested the impact of providing community support, training, and clinical packages of varied intensity on depression screening and management for heavy drinking patients in Latin American primary healthcare. Materials and methods: Quasi-experimental study involving 58 primary healthcare units in Colombia, Mexico and Peru randomized to receive: (1) usual care (control); (2) training using a brief clinical package; (3) community support plus training using a brief clinical package; (4) community support plus training using a standard clinical package. Outcomes were proportion of: (1) heavy drinking patients screened for depression; (2) screen-positive patients receiving appropriate support; (3) all consulting patients screened for depression, irrespective of drinking status. Results: 550/615 identified heavy drinkers were screened for depression (89.4%). 147/230 patients screening positive for depression received appropriate support (64%). Amongst identified heavy drinkers, adjusting for country, sex, age and provider profession, provision of community support and training had no impact on depression activity rates. Intensity of clinical package also did not affect delivery rates, with comparable performance for brief and standard versions. However, amongst all consulting patients, training providers resulted in significantly higher rates of alcohol measurement and in turn higher depression screening rates; 2.7 times higher compared to those not trained. Conclusions: Training using a brief clinical package increased depression screening rates in Latin American primary healthcare. It is not possible to determine the effectiveness of community support on depression activity rates due to the impact of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]