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As key elements in research and development systems, higher education institutions have been taking a leading role when it comes to communicating science and technology, but their performance has been inconsistent so far. In this critical and comparative study of the UK public engagement model and the Spanish scientific culture model, eighteen practitioners from higher education institutions across both regions were interviewed. A mixed qualitative data analysis has been performed identifying similarities and differences that unravelled the science communication management model in the two different higher education systems. This article provides evidence on how the institutionalisation of science communication is strongly influenced by key driving forces in the higher education context as well as the policies of administrations and other agents.

Background/Objectives: Childhood and adolescence are important stages of life for acquiring healthy habits. There is a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyles worldwide during these ages, which negatively impacts health. This is attributed, in part, to excessive time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the time spent on sedentary behaviors and their relationship with physical activity levels in children and adolescents in the Community of Madrid. Methods:A total of 26,729 participants aged 10–17 from various schools and institutes took part in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used, and they were asked about the time they spent on different leisure time habits (specific sedentary behaviors and organized physical activity). A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between the time spent in sedentary activities and the time spent in physical activity. Results: The results revealed that children and adolescents engage in low levels of physical activity and most of them spend considerable time in sedentary behaviors such as studying, watching television, or using social media. Completing school homework (Coef: 1.23, 95% CI: −0.51 to 2.97, p = 0.167) or using social media for more than 2 h (Coef: 1.29, 95% CI: −2.98 to 0.40, p = 0.133) compared to not dedicating time to them did not show a significant association with daily physical activity time. Watching television for more than 2 h was associated with a decrease of 2.60 min (95% CI: −4.41 to −0.78, p = 0.005). Thus, no or only irrelevant associations were found between time spent in sedentary activities and physical activity time. Conclusions: Despite the drawbacks of spending time engaging in sedentary behaviors, they seem to be compatible with physical activity levels. Therefore, it is important to continue research on physical activity adherence strategies to promote overall health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an online self-sampling pilot intervention for HIV testing addressed to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and trans women (TW) users of dating apps in Spain. The website https://www.testate.org/ was designed to offer self-sampling kits for HIV testing and online consultation of the results. It was advertised on gay dating apps. Participants requested the delivery of a saliva self-sampling kit by mail and a postage-paid envelope to send the sample to the reference laboratory. An anonymous acceptability survey was conducted. The cascade of care was estimated. From November 2018 to December 2021, 4623 individual users ordered self-sampling kits, 3097 returned an oral fluid sample to the reference laboratory (67.5% return rate). 87 reactive results were detected. 76 were confirmed to be HIV-positive, we estimated an HIV prevalence of 2.45% (95% CI 1.9–3.0%). 100% of those referred to specialized care are in treatment. 45.8% of participants took more than one test. 23 incident cases were detected among repeat testers, of which 20 were confirmed. The estimated incidence was 1.00 confirmed case per 100 individual-years of follow-up. 98.01% of participants would recommend it to a friend. The most identified advantages were convenience and privacy. We demonstrated that the online offer of oral self-sampling kits for HIV detection and reporting results online among GBMSM and TW users of dating apps is feasible. The intervention counted with a high acceptability and high efficacy (in terms of reactivity, confirmation and linkage to care rates). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The risk of hepatocarcinoma in HCV cirrhotic patient responders after treatment with DAAs decrease, but HCC still occurs. A correlation between specific miRNAs and the development of hepatocarcinoma have been highlighted. Aim: To investigate miRNA expression in HCV-infected cirrhotic patients treated with DAAs, regarding whether or not they developed HCC at follow-up. Methods: A total of 73 outpatients with HCV-related cirrhosis treated with DAAs were enrolled, 28 of which had HCC. Samples were collected at the start and at the end of treatment. In the screening phase, 172 miRNAs were analyzed at baseline. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated in the entire cohort. Results: In the validation phase, at baseline and in patients treated for 12 weeks, miR-28-5p was confirmed to be more highly expressed in the HCC group compared to the non-HCC group. In all of the patients treated for 12 weeks, at end of the treatment we found a significant downregulation in miR-132-3p, miR-133b-3p, miR-221-3p and miR-324-3p. In the HCC group, miR-28-5p was significantly downregulated after DAA therapy as well as in HCC patients treated for 24 weeks. Conclusion: In the HCC group, miR28-5p was differently expressed both at baseline and at the end of therapy with DAAs. This difference in expression should suggest its involvement in HCC development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a pilot intervention in Spain called TESTATE C PLUS, which provided online self-sampling kits for hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender women (TW). The study found that the provision of self-sampling kits and online consultation of results was feasible and acceptable to participants. The study identified advantages such as convenience and privacy, but also noted disadvantages such as the risk of sample loss and long waiting times for results. The study demonstrated the benefits of implementing self-sampling kits for HCV testing and highlighted the importance of collaboration with community entities. Further research is needed to integrate this strategy into the public health system. [Extracted from the article]

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Simple Summary: Treatment with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i), has demonstrated significantly improved progression-free survival in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer, when used in combination with endocrine therapies. However, limited data exists on its cutaneous adverse events (AE). The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence, types and management of cutaneous AE during CDK4/6i. 79 adult advanced breast cancer patients affected by 125 skin adverse events during treatment with CDK4/6i were recruited at eleven centers. The most frequent cutaneous reactions were pruritus (49/79 patients), alopecia (25/79), and ec-zematous lesions (24/79). We showed that skin reactions are usually mild in severity, and prompt management may limit the negative impact on patients, facilitating beneficial continuation of oncologic treatment. Background: The introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6i) was a great advance in therapeutics for patients with estrogen receptor+/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. Despite the increasing use of these agents, their adverse drug-related events have not yet been fully characterized. We describe the spectrum of cutaneous adverse reactions occurring in advanced breast cancer patients treated with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, analyzing types, severity, time to onset, and possible treatment outcomes. Methods: We performed a multicentric retrospective study including patients with advanced breast cancer who developed cutaneous lesions during treatment with CDK4/6i in the period from June 2020 to June 2021. Patients > 18 years were recruited at eleven onco-dermatology units located in Albania (1), Argentina (1), France (1), Greece (3), Italy (3), and Spain (2). We evaluated patients' epidemiological and clinical characteristics, types of cutaneous adverse events, their time to onset, and treatment outcomes. The severity of the skin reactions was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 score. Results: Seventy-nine patients (median age: 62.3 years; range 39–83 years) were included in the study, and, collectively, we recorded a total of 165 cutaneous adverse events during follow-up visits. The most frequent cutaneous reactions were pruritus (49/79 patients), alopecia (25/79), and eczematous lesions (24/79). Cutaneous toxicities were usually mild in severity (>65%) and occurred after a median of 6.5 months. Only four patients (5%) required treatment discontinuation due to the severity of the skin lesions. The majority of the skin reactions were managed with topical treatments. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, we present the largest case series of cutaneous adverse events developing in advanced breast cancer patients treated with CDK4/6i. We showed that cutaneous toxicities are usually mild in severity, and manageable with standard supportive care; however, in selected cases, they can lead to treatment discontinuation with possible implications for patients' clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the practices of representing shepherd women in Spain, who have recently become more visible. New representations challenge stereotyped concepts of gender roles and rurality in such a masculinized context as the livestock sector. One of the main arguments of the article is that shepherdesses narratives and visuals connect with the sustainable agro-social development of the economy from an ecofeminist perspective. The authors conducted a close reading of a selection of productions, including short videos and media interventions about shepherdesses. Among the conclusions, they argue that shepherdesses' media productions and interventions put women at the center of local development processes, with particular emphasis on their role and leadership qualities. Their activities promote and maintain a networked sisterhood that activates intersectional approaches in favor of alternative structures to farming and life in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2021 Tajogaite eruption of Cumbre Vieja (La Palma, Spain) was typified by the emission of low viscosity lavas that flowed at high velocities and inundated a large area. We experimentally investigated the rheological evolution of melt feeding the eruption through concentric cylinder viscometry to understand the exceptional flowing ability of these lavas and constrain its emplacement dynamics. We conducted a set of cooling deformation experiments at different cooling rates (from 0.1 to 10 °C/min), and isothermal deformation experiments at subliquidus dwell temperatures between 1225 and 1175°C. All experiments were conducted at a shear rate of 10 s−1. Results show that disequilibrium crystallization and its timescale fundamentally control the rheological evolution of the melt, resulting in different rheological response to deformation of the crystal‐bearing magmatic suspension. Integrating rheological data with field observations allows us to shed light on the mechanisms that govern the high flowability of these lavas. Plain Language Summary: Understanding and modeling the mechanisms controlling the inundation ability of lava flows is pivotal for hazard assessment and mitigation of related risk. Lavas flowing across the Earth's surface experience different cooling conditions. These conditions are related to the thermal gradients generated at various levels within the flow's thickness. Especially for extremely fluid magmas such as those erupted at Cumbre Vieja, the different cooling paths (and different disequilibrium conditions) that lava flows experience strongly influence the crystallization processes. Both cooling and crystallization produce an increase of lava viscosity, hindering lava flowability. If crystallization occurs over timescales shorter than those of cooling, the presence of crystals may give rise to more complex flow behavior and emplacement style, including flow rupture and separation. Such conditions may favor the development of flow decoupling and lava tunnel formation. In this study we experimentally investigate the viscosity evolution of the Tajogaite lavas and the transition from pure viscous flow to more complex responses to deformation. Then, we use our data set in concert with field observation to constrain the dynamics governing the emplacement style of these lavas. Key Points: High‐T deformation experiments characterize the rheology of Cumbre Vieja lavas under both disequilibrium and equilibrium conditionsTwo different rheological responses are observed in relation to the increased disequilibrium conditions at which the melt is subjectedIntegration of experimental and field data permits to understand the mechanisms that enhance the flowing ability of these lavas [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to assess the feasibility of TESTA'T COVID strategy among healthcare and education professionals.in Spain during the peak of the 6th wave caused by Omicron variant. Kits were ordered online and sent by mail, participants answered an online acceptability/usability survey and uploaded the picture of results. 492 participants ordered a test, 304 uploaded the picture (61.8%). Eighteen positive cases were detected (5.9%). 92.2% were satisfied/very satisfied with the intervention; and 92.5% found performing the test easy/very easy. We demonstrated that implementing online COVID-19 self-testing in schools and healthcare settings in Spain is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis of type I hypersensitivity reactions (IgE-mediated reactions) to penicillins is based on clinical history, skin tests (STs), and drug provocation tests (DPTs). Among in vitro complementary tests, the fluoro-enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) ImmunoCAP® (Thermo-Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) is the most widely used commercial method for detecting drug-specific IgE (sIgE). In this study, we aimed to analyze the utility of ImmunoCAP® for detecting sIgE to penicillin G (PG) and amoxicillin (AX) in patients with confirmed penicillin allergy. The study includes 139 and 250 patients evaluated in Spain and Italy, respectively. All had experienced type I hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins confirmed by positive STs. Additionally, selective or cross-reactive reactions were confirmed by DPTs in a subgroup of patients for further analysis. Positive ImmunoCAP® results were 39.6% for PG and/or AX in Spanish subjects and 52.4% in Italian subjects. When only PG or AX sIgE where analyzed, the percentages were 15.1% and 30.4%, respectively, in Spanish patients; and 38.9% and 46% in Italian ones. The analysis of positive STs showed a statistically significant higher percentage of positive STs to PG determinants in Italian patients. False-positive results to PG (16%) were detected in selective AX patients with confirmed PG tolerance. Low and variable sensitivity values observed in a well-defined population with confirmed allergy diagnosis, as well as false-positive results to PG, suggest that ImmunoCAP® is a diagnostic tool with relevant limitations in the evaluation of subjects with type I hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, an outbreak of monkeypox is being reported in non-endemic areas, with unusual clinical manifestations. The detailed clinical description of the first patient that received the diagnosis of monkeypox in Brazil is reported here, whose clinical manifestations can easily lead to misdiagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. A 41 years old male presented to an emergency room with a vesicular rash with eight days of evolution. He had traveled to Portugal and Spain and reported non-penetrative sexual involvement with three different male individuals. On the third day of symptoms, he sought medical care and received empirical treatment directed to sexually transmitted infections. As the symptoms did not improve, he sought medical attention at an infectious disease referral center presenting, on admission, an ulcerated penile lesion with central necrotic crusts, a disseminated pleomorphic skin rash and an oropharyngeal ulcer. The monkeypox diagnosis was suspected due to the characteristics of the lesions and the history of intimate contact with casual partners, and it was later confirmed by sequencing the almost complete monkeypox genome. The patient was hospitalized for pain control, which required opiate administration. He developed a secondary bacterial infection on the penile lesions, which were treated with oral antibiotics. He was discharged after 14 days, with lesions in process of re-epithelialization. Given the current outbreak, we must consider the possibility of monkeypox in patients with suggestive lesions, anywhere on the body (including the genitals), added to an epidemiological link or history of intimate contact with strangers or casual partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new numerical methodology reaching an improved characterization of the historical harbor wave agitation climate is presented in this work. A detailed frequency-direction wave spectrum definition of wave agitation patterns within harbor basins is achieved, providing an in-depth description of the whole multidirectional and multireflective wave patterns occurring as a natural harbor response. This constitutes an advance from the monoparametric/aggregated wave height parameter-based approaches, traditionally used for wave agitation characterization, to a multivariate and disaggregated representation of in-port waves and the multiple wave transformation processes within harbor basins. In addition, the wave agitation spectral type concept is proposed, whereby the wave agitation spectral shapes are classified into representative clusters of the historical wave agitation response in a harbor. A detailed multiannual analysis of the wave agitation response, based on the different in-port spectral wave components, their relation with the outer-harbor forcing waves, and their interactions with the harbor structures, can be achieved with the proposed methodology. This improved harbor wave climate characterization can be especially relevant for port operability and downtime analyses. The methodology is applied and validated in Africa basin (Las Palmas Port, Spain). • A numerical methodology for an improved characterization of the historical harbor wave agitation climate is presented. • A frequency-direction wave spectrum definition of the multimodal wave agitation patterns within harbors is achieved. • A disaggregated description of in-port waves and the multiple wave transformation processes within harbor areas is attained. • A detailed analysis of historical wave agitation response based on representative wave agitation spectral types is provided. • The advances achieved in wave agitation assessment, compared to the aggregated wave height-based approaches, are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate estimation of the historical harbour wave agitation is fundamental for many practical applications, such as port downtime analyses. In practical harbour agitation studies, usually based on numerical propagations from offshore wave climate towards a harbour (wave downscaling), the accuracy in defining the outer wave climate has an impact on wave agitation estimations, especially important for multimodal wave climates. In this paper, several strategies for wave agitation downscaling are presented based on different existing approaches with different accuracy levels for: a) wave downscaling method; b) definition of outer spectral waves. The accuracy/performance of each approach is evaluated by applying, and comparing them with multi-point instrumental data from a field campaign, in a real scenario (Africa basin, Las Palmas Port, Spain) where the multimodality of waves, in addition to the agitation effects from port structures in the far-field, clearly determines the final accuracy of the in-port wave agitation. Improved results have been achieved with the most sophisticated/accurate strategies proposed. A comparative analysis of the advantages, limitations, uncertainty and CPU effort of each one, allows to suggest the preferable strategy, in each situation/context, for practical port wave agitation studies. • Six different wave downscaling strategies for practical wave agitation studies in harbours are presented. • A strongly multimodal outer-harbour wave climate is analyzed, resulting in an important influence on in-port wave agitation. • An accurate real-shaped characterization of forcing spectral wave climate is achieved, through a dynamic wave downscaling. • An uncertainty reduction in wave agitation prediction, approximately by half, is obtained presenting an accuracy ranking. • Instrumental data-based uncertainty is quantified, and a comparative analysis suggests the best-strategy to be followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the new advances achieved in the field of harbour agitation climate assessment. Based on the improvement of an elliptic mild-slope model (MSP), which realistically reconstructs waves inside any-sized basin, represented by high-detailed unstructured meshes, and forced by real-shaped outer spectral data. A new solver is proposed for high performance runs, which allow fast agitation hindcast for statistical downtime analysis within an iterative and multi-scenario approach. Also, a realistic assimilation of partial reflection processes in quays/docks/wharfs/breakwaters is proposed. The model has been successfully validated in several harbours of special relevance in Spain with in situ measurements, through the assimilation of the hybrid downscaling (Camus et al., 2011) technique combined with monochromatic-based wave spectral reconstruction. • A fast, reliable and integral method for harbour agitation assessment is presented. • Important improvements for an elliptic mild slope numerical (agitation) model are presented. • A new algorithm for partial wave reflection is proposed and validated. • The method is validated with in situ measurements for 17 important harbours along Spanish coast, achieving good numerical predictions. • The method can easily handle any past/present/future harbour geometry, for any alternative and basin configuration/quay typology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The westernmost Mediterranean hosts part of the plate boundary between the European and African tectonic plates. Based on the scattered instrumental seismicity, this boundary has been traditionally interpreted as a wide zone of diffuse deformation. However, recent seismic images and seafloor mapping studies support that most of the plate convergence may be accommodated in a few tectonic structures, rather than in a broad region. Historical earthquakes with magnitudes M w > 6 and historical tsunamis support that the low-to-moderate instrumental seismicity might also have led to underestimation of the seismogenic and tsunamigenic potential of the area. We evaluate the largest active faults of the westernmost Mediterranean: the reverse Alboran Ridge, and the strike-slip Carboneras, Yusuf and Al-Idrissi fault systems. For the first time, we use a dense grid of modern seismic data to characterize the entire dimensions of the main fault systems, accurately describe the geometry of these structures and estimate their seismic source parameters. Tsunami scenarios have been tested based on 3D-surfaces and seismic source parameters, using both uniform and heterogeneous slip distributions. The comparison of our results with previous studies, based on limited information on the fault geometry and kinematics, indicates that accurate fault geometries and heterogeneous slip distributions are needed to properly assess the seismic and tsunamigenic potential in this area. Based on fault scaling relations, the four fault systems have a large seismogenic potential, being able to generate earthquakes with M w > 7. The reverse Alboran Ridge Fault System has the largest tsunamigenic potential, being able to generate a tsunami wave amplitude greater than 3 m in front of the coasts of Southern Spain and Northern Africa. • We identify the largest active fault systems of the Alboran Basin. • Characterization of faults is key for accurate tsunamigenic potential estimations. • Alboran largest fault systems may generate M w > 7 earthquakes. • These earthquakes have the potential to generate significant tsunami waves approaching the coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]