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Development of efficient, stable, and recyclable photocatalysts for organic synthesis is vital for transformation of traditional thermal organic chemistry into green sustainable organic chemistry. In this work, the study reports an electrostatic approach to assemble meso‐tetra (4‐sulfonate phenyl) porphyrin (TPPS)tetra (4‐sulfonate phenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) as a donor and benzyl viologen (BV) as an acceptor into stable and recyclable photocatalyst for an efficient organic transformation reaction – aryl sulfide oxidation. By use of the electrostatic TPPS‐BV photocatalysts, 0.1 mmol aryl sulfide with electron‐donating group can be completely transformed into aryl sulfoxide in 60 min without overoxidation into sulfone, rendering near 100% yield and selectivity. The photocatalyst can be recycled up to 95% when 10 mg amount is used. Mechanistic study reveals that efficient charge separation between TPPS and BV results in sufficient formation of superoxide which further reacts with the oxidized sulfide by the photocatalyst to produce the sulfoxide. This mechanistic pathway differs significantly from the previously proposed singlet oxygen‐dominated process in homogeneous TPPS photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient photosensitizers are crucial for advancing solar energy conversion and storage technologies. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel organic dye, denoted as YB6, for p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (p‐DSCs) and photoelectrochemical H2O2 production. YB6 features an extended conjugated π‐bridge derived from indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and exhibits notable advantages: a two‐fold higher molar extinction coefficient at its main absorption peak and a broader absorption as compared to the PB6 dye. In p‐type dye‐sensitized NiO photoelectrochemical cells, the YB6‐based device demonstrated superior performance as compared to the PB6‐based device. It delivered nearly a 50 % higher H2O2 production over 5 hours. Furthermore, when fabricated into p‐DSCs, the YB6‐based device exhibited a 33 % higher power conversion efficiency. This enhancement is caused by suppressed charge recombination from the dye structure, which in turn may be traced to a larger thermodynamic up‐hill process for recombination losses in the YB6‐based system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A universal strategy for a rapid colorimetric method for Hg2+ in an aqueous solution is described. The specific binding of Hg2+ (thymine-Hg2+-thymine) with thiolated DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via Au–S bonds increases the spatial hindrance of the AuNP surface, resulting in a weakened catalytic ability of AuNPs to catalyze the reaction between p-nitrophenol and NaBH4. Therefore, the color change time (CCT) of the solution from yellow to colorless becomes longer. Based on the kinetic curve of absorbance over time measured by a UV spectrometer, the level of Hg2+ in aqueous solutions can be easily quantified. A linear relationship between CCT and Hg2+ concentration was obtained in the 10–600-nM range with a detection limit of 0.20 nM, which is much lower than the limit value (10 nM) defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency for Hg2+ in drinking water. The excellent sensitivity comes from CCT as the signal output of the probe, rather than the absorbance or wavelength change used in traditional colorimetric probes as the signal output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing low‐cost and efficient photocatalysts to convert CO2 into valuable fuels is desirable to realize a carbon‐neutral society. In this work, we report that polymer dots (Pdots) of poly[(9,9′‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐thiadiazole)] (PFBT), without adding any extra co‐catalyst, can photocatalyze reduction of CO2 into CO in aqueous solution, rendering a CO production rate of 57 μmol g−1 h−1 with a detectable selectivity of up to 100 %. After 5 cycles of CO2 re‐purging experiments, no distinct decline in CO amount and reaction rate was observed, indicating the promising photocatalytic stability of PFBT Pdots in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. A mechanistic study reveals that photoexcited PFBT Pdots are reduced by sacrificial donor first, then the reduced PFBT Pdots can bind CO2 and reduce it into CO via their intrinsic active sites. This work highlights the application of organic Pdots for CO2 reduction in aqueous solution, which therefore provides a strategy to develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly nanoparticulate photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing low‐cost and efficient photocatalysts to convert CO2 into valuable fuels is desirable to realize a carbon‐neutral society. In this work, we report that polymer dots (Pdots) of poly[(9,9′‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐thiadiazole)] (PFBT), without adding any extra co‐catalyst, can photocatalyze reduction of CO2 into CO in aqueous solution, rendering a CO production rate of 57 μmol g−1 h−1 with a detectable selectivity of up to 100 %. After 5 cycles of CO2 re‐purging experiments, no distinct decline in CO amount and reaction rate was observed, indicating the promising photocatalytic stability of PFBT Pdots in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. A mechanistic study reveals that photoexcited PFBT Pdots are reduced by sacrificial donor first, then the reduced PFBT Pdots can bind CO2 and reduce it into CO via their intrinsic active sites. This work highlights the application of organic Pdots for CO2 reduction in aqueous solution, which therefore provides a strategy to develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly nanoparticulate photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The Chinese anti‐rheumatic herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) has been widely shown to be effective in treating lupus nephritis (LN), but the therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to combine mRNA expression profile analysis and network pharmacology analysis to screen the pathogenic genes and pathways involved in LN and to explore the potential targets of TWHF in the treatment of LN. Methods: The mRNA expression profiles of LN patients were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to predict associated pathogenic pathways and networks via the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis database. Through molecular docking, we predicted the mechanism by which TWHF interacts with candidate targets. Results: A total of 351 DEGs were screened from the glomeruli of LN patients and were mainly concentrated in the role of pattern recognition receptors in the recognition of bacteria and viruses and interferon signaling pathways. A total of 130 DEGs were screened from the tubulointerstitium of LN patients, which were concentrated in the interferon signaling pathway. TWHF might be effective in treating LN by hydrogen bonding to regulate the functions of 24 DEGs (including HMOX1, ALB, and CASP1), which are mainly concentrated in the B‐cell signaling pathway. Conclusion: The mRNA expression profile of renal tissue from LN patients revealed a large number of DEGs. TWHF has been shown to interact with the DEGs (including HMOX1, ALB and CASP1) through hydrogen bonding to treat LN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a simple design of a compact and miniaturized wideband bandpass filter (BPF) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip line. Through the order extension, the filtering effect and the order of the Chebyshev response of the designed BPF can be indirectly controlled by preserving square notches (SNs) on the SIW. By introducing one or two SNs in the SIW structure, the resonance frequencies of different modes can be controlled, thus achieving dual- and tri-mode BPFs with wideband and low insert loss. The working principle of the designed BPFs was illustrated by modal analysis, field distribution, and equivalent circuit theory. Based on this, the dual- and tri-mode BPFs with center frequencies of 6.8 and 7 GHz were designed and demonstrated numerically. Further experimental results indicate that the proposed tri-mode BPF has low insertion loss (0.25 dB), compact size (0.27λg2), and wideband bandwidth (60%). In addition, the tri-mode BPF achieves a broadband out-of-band rejection of 1.5f0 (f0 is the center resonance frequency) below the −10 dB level, making it highly promising for various applications in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular nanoarrays are ideal structures for supercapacitors; however, they often require multiple operations during their preparation. Therefore, it is very important to obtain such structures easily and quickly. In addition, the synergy between elements is crucial for the composition design of electrode materials. In this study, NiCoSe2@CC electrode materials were successfully obtained by electrodeposition using flexible carbon cloth as a collector and having efficient synergy between the Ni and Co elements to meet the demand for flexible devices. The regular microstructure and highly efficient synergistic composition enabled the electrode material to exhibit a capacitance of 3150 mF cm−2 and to maintain 85% cycle retention after 2500 cycles. Furthermore, this was matched with an activated carbon (AC) electrode to prepare a flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor. A specific capacitance of 78 F g−1 was exhibited at a current density of 0.25 A g−1, and this could be maintained at 85% at 30 mA cm−2 during 5000 cycles of testing, showing promising application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While metal sulfides have extensively investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitors, the further optimization of their material system is still necessary to achieve satisfied performance. In this work, we reported the synthesis of ternary metal sulfide SnNiCoS and its application as electrode material of asymmetric supercapacitors, in which active carbon is used as the other electrode. For control experiments, asymmetric supercapacitors based on single metal sulfide CoS and binary metal sulfide NiCoS are also fabricated and investigated. The results show that the nanospherical SnNiCoS achieves the best performance. Ternary sulphide materials offer more redox than corresponding single-metal sulphides due to the synergy among various transition metal elements. The specific capacitance is 18.6 F cm−2 at current density of 5 mA·cm−2. An energy density of 937.2 μ Wh cm−2 is achieved at a power density of 4000 μ W·cm−2. After 8000 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 82.9%. Present work indicates that SnNiCoS ternary metal sulfide could be a promising composite for high performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By introducing the BHT algorithm into the slide attack on 1K-AES and the related-key attack on PRINCE, we present the corresponding quantum attacks in this paper. In the proposed quantum attacks, we generalize the BHT algorithm to the situation where the number of marked items is unknown ahead of time. Moreover, we give an implementation scheme of classifier oracle based on Quantum Phase Estimation algorithm in presented quantum attacks. The complexity analysis shows that the query complexity, time complexity and memory complexity of the presented quantum attacks are all |$\mathcal{O}(2^{n/3})$| when the success probability is about |$63\%$|⁠ , where |$n$| is the block size. Compared with the corresponding classical attacks, the proposed quantum attacks can achieve subquadratic speed-up under the same success probability no matter on query complexity, time complexity or memory complexity. Furthermore, the query complexity of the proposed quantum slide attack on 1K-AES is less than Grover search on 1K-AES by a factor of |$2^{n/6}.$| When compared with the Grover search on PRINCE, the query complexity of the presented quantum attack on PRINCE is reduced from |$\mathcal{O}(2^{n})$| to |$\mathcal{O}(2^{n/2}).$| When compared with the combination of Grover and Simon's algorithms on PRINCE, the query complexity of our quantum attack on PRINCE is reduced from |$\mathcal{O}(n\cdot 2^{n/2})$| to |$\mathcal{O}(2^{n/2}).$| Besides, the proposed quantum slide attack on 1K-AES indicates that the quantum slide attack could also be applied on Substitution-Permutation Network construction, apart from the iterated Even-Mansour cipher and Feistel constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of step- and atom-economy in natural product and complex molecule syntheses continuously inspires the development of synthetic methodologies. In this context, to enable efficient synthesis of (E , E)-dienes as common structural subunits in natural products, our lab has established robust protocols based on modified Negishi cross-couplings and evolved them to more concise titanium-mediated alkyne–alkyne reductive coupling. In this review, we summarize the natural product synthesis driven methodology development and their applications in the total synthesis of complex molecules, focusing on the studies from our laboratory. 1 Introduction 2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling in Natural Product Synthesis 2.1 Synthesis of Branched Trisubstituted Conjugated Dienes by Negishi Coupling 2.2 Stereo- and Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Branched Trisubstituted Conjugated Dienes by Modified Negishi Coupling 2.3 Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Reveromycin B by Drouet & Theodorakis 2.4 Enantioselective Synthesis of the Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor (–)-Motuporin by Hu & Panek 2.5 Total Synthesis of (–)-Callystatin A by Langille & Panek 2.6 Total Synthesis of Brevisamide by Lee & Panek 3 Titanium Alkoxide-Mediated Reductive Coupling in Natural Product Synthesis 3.1 Titanium Alkoxide-Mediated Alkyne–Alkyne Reductive Coupling 3.2 Total Synthesis of Callystatin A by Reichard & Micalizio 3.3 Total Synthesis of (–)-Virginiamycin M2 by Wu & Panek 3.4 Total Synthesis of Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells-68 (NFAT-68) by Cai & Panek 3.5 Titanium Alkoxide-Based Regioselective Alkyne–Alkyne Reductive Coupling Mediated by in situ Generated Arylamidate 4 Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through formation flying, the distributed spaceborne SAR(synthetic aperture radar) system can increase the number of spatial degree of freedoms (DOFs) and provide flexible multi-baselines for SAR-GMTI (ground moving target indication), which improves the system performance. This paper proposes an a priori knowledge-based adaptive clutter cancellation and moving target detection technique applied to the distributed spaceborne SAR-GMTI systems. Firstly, the adaptive clutter cancellation technique is exploited to suppress the ground clutter. A priori knowledge, such as road network information, is integrated to the adaptive clutter cancellation processor to reduce any moving target steering vector mismatch. Secondly, adaptive matched filter (AMF) and adaptive beamformer orthogonal rejection test (ABORT) are exploited as adaptive detection techniques for moving target detection. Due to the dense road network, the moving target steering vector estimation may be ambiguous for the different position and orientation of the roads. The multiple hypothesis testing (MHT) technique is proposed to detect the moving targets and resolve the potential ambiguities. A scheme is exploited to detect, classify, and relocate the moving targets. Finally, simulation experiments and performance analysis have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mitochondrial dysfunction aggravates secondary damage after spinal cord injury. • Restoring mitochondrial energy metabolism promotes neuronal survival and axon regeneration. • Mitochondrial biogenesis and transplantation enhance functional recovery. • Nanomaterials help deliver mitochondria-targeted drugs and viable mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the early stage of axonal degeneration after spinal cord injury and involves oxidative stress, energy deficiency, imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, etc., which play a key role in axonal degeneration and regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions. Failure of axonal regeneration can lead to long-term structural and functional damage. Several recent studies have shown that improved mitochondrial energy metabolism provides conditions for axonal regeneration and central nervous system repair. Here, we describe the role of mitochondrial energy metabolism in neuroprotection and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury and review recent advances in targeted mitochondrial therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel-fiber-reinforced scoria aggregate concrete (SFSAC), which contains scoria aggregate and steel fiber, was developed to reduce the environmental impacts and improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Experimental studies were performed. The test variables included steel fiber volume contents (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%), freeze-thaw cycles (0 and 25 times), and temperature (20 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C). Mass loss, relative dynamic elastic modulus, mechanical properties, and the variation pattern of the complete stress–strain curves were analyzed through rapid freeze-thaw, high-temperature, and mechanical tests. The test results showed that after 25 freeze-thaw cycles and then exposure to high temperatures, the surfaces of SFSAC specimens showed aggregate spalling accompanied by dense cracks. Moreover, the residual mechanical properties of steel-fiber-reinforced natural aggregate concrete (SFNAC) were better than those of natural aggregate concrete (NAC). Although the incorporation of steel fiber cannot significantly improve the anti-freezing performance of SFSAC, it can improve the residual mechanical properties of SFSAC, and the optimal amount of incorporation is 1%, considering the economic cost factors. The stress–strain curves of both SFSAC and SFNAC showed the same trend after freeze-thaw cycles and then high temperatures, i.e., the peak stress decreased, the peak strain increased, and the descending section tended to level off. Finally, based on the concrete damage mechanics theory, considering the role of steel fibers in the uniaxial compression process of scoria aggregate concrete (SAC) and the effect of freeze-thaw and high-temperature tests on the SFSAC, the mechanical damage model and the uniaxial compression stress–strain constitutive model were proposed as being able to highly accurately reflect the overall process damage characteristics of SFSAC after freeze-thaw and then high-temperature tests, and also provided a theoretical basis for the high-temperature resistance assessment of SFSAC structures in cold regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Forward head posture (FHP) is common in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs); however, whether it contributes to TMD symptoms remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between (1) FHP and masticatory muscle pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and (2) neck muscle and masticatory muscle PPTs. Materials and methods: A total of 145 patients diagnosed with TMD were recruited between December 2020 and April 2021. Data regarding FHP and neck and masticatory muscle PPTs were collected. FHP was characterized by the craniocervical angle (CVA) measured between the horizontal line through C7 and the line between the tragus of the ear and C7. Patients were divided into either the FHP group (CVA ≤ 51°) or the non-FHP group. Differences in the masseter and temporalis muscle PPTs between the two groups were analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney U test. The correlation between the CVA, neck, and masticatory muscle PPTs in all patients was determined by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: There were 70 patients in the FHP group and 75 patients in the non-FHP group. No significant difference in masseter and temporalis muscle PPTs was found between the two groups (p > 0.05). No correlation was found between FHP and masticatory muscle PPTs (p > 0.05). A significant association was found between the neck muscle and masticatory muscle PPTs (p < 0.05). The C5–C6 pillar and masticatory PPTs were either moderately (r = 0.435, masseter muscle) or strongly (r = 0.608, temporalis muscle) correlated, while the correlation between the trapezius and masticatory muscles was moderate (r = 0.378, masseter muscle and r = 0.461, temporalis muscle). Conclusion: FHP was not directly associated with masticatory muscle PPTs. Masticatory muscle PPTs were strongly or moderately associated with neck muscle PPTs. Therefore, the presence of neck pain, not the degree of FHP, in patients with TMD is of significance. Clinical relevance: In TMD treatment, we should pay attention to and actively relieve neck pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of combination treatment of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and zoledronic acid (ZOL) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Materials and methods: We searched studies investigating the PKP combined with ZOL in the treatment of OVCF. We used a fixed-effects or random-effects model to analyze the bone mineral density (BMD), visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), bone markers (N-MID, β-CTX, and P1NP) and adverse events, expressed as weight mean difference (WMD) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: We identified 5 cohort studies with a total of 440 patients. Compared with PKP alone, the combination treatment of PKP and ZOL significantly reduced the VAS score at 6 months (WMD = − 0.78, 95% CI − 1.42, − 0.14; P = 0.018), and 12 months (WMD = − 0.98, 95% CI − 1.46, − 0.51; P < 0.001). Moreover, the combination treatment also improved the BMD at 6 (WMD = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.11, P = 0.016) and 12 months (WMD = 0.20, 95% CI 0.03, 0.36, P = 0.018) after treatment. The ODI score in the combination group was significantly lower than in PKP group at 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment (at 6 months: WMD = − 9.25, 95% CI − 13.62, − 4.87 P < 0.001; at 12 months: WMD = − 9.21, 95% CI − 11.91, − 6.50, P < 0.001; at 24 months: WMD = − 7.26, 95% CI − 11.39, − 3.14, P = 0.001). The N-MID and P1NP values were found to be significantly lower in the combination group than the PKP group, but the β-CTX value was similar between the two groups. There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse events between the two groups, but more adjacent vertebral fractures and bone cement leakage occurred in PKP alone group. Conclusion: In patients with OVCF, combination treatment of PKP and ZOL showed more effective than PKP alone in improving BMD and bone marker levels, relieving pain, as well as reducing the risk of new fractures. More large-scale RCTs are needed to verify our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is the source of social progress, and all walks of life need to cultivate innovative talents. Therefore, it is also very important to cultivate innovative ability in physical education students in colleges and universities. The purpose of this paper is to study the cultivation of students' innovative ability of physical education majors in colleges and universities based on the multimedia environment of the Internet of things and to open up a new path for the cultivation of college students' innovative ability. In this paper, a terminal collaborative indoor positioning algorithm based on RSSI fingerprint optimization was proposed to study the innovation ability of physical education students in colleges and universities. Through experimental analysis, college A was taken as the research object, and 1500 students were investigated. Innovation had a very important position in the hearts of 76.21% of students, and 3.83% of students believed that innovation was not important. In the minds of most people, innovation was still very important, which showed that schools still had a certain effect on the education of students' innovative consciousness. The experimental results obtained showed that the Internet of things technology played an important role in the research on the innovation ability of students majoring in physical education in colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between vitamin D status and mortality in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is unknown. This study investigated the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among American adults with OA.Methods: This study included 2556 adults with OA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2014). Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index (NDI) records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards model and two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model were used to elucidate the nonlinear relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and mortality in OA patients, and stratified analyses were performed to identify patients with higher mortality risk.Results: During 16,606 person-years of follow-up, 438 all-cause deaths occurred, including 74 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related and 78 cancer deaths. After multivariable adjustment, lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly and nonlinearly associated with higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortality among participants with OA. Furthermore, we discovered L-shaped associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and all-cause and CVD mortality, with mortality plateauing at 54.40 nmol/L for all-cause mortality and 27.70 nmol/L for CVD mortality. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D levels below the inflection points, those with higher levels had a 2% lower risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-0.99) and 17% lower risk for CVD mortality (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.95).Conclusions: Nonlinear associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with all-cause and CVD mortality were observed in American patients with OA. The thresholds of 27.70 and 54.40 nmol/L for CVD and all-cause mortality, respectively, may represent intervention targets for lowering the risk of premature death and cardiovascular disease, but this needs to be confirmed in large clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber (CF) possesses inherent properties of low density, high strength, and environmental stability. Its high aspect ratio and knittability enable the formation of flexible conductive networks. Old corrugated container (OCC) is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, rendering them flexible and exhibiting a low coefficient of thermal expansion. In this paper, CF/OCC/PVA flexible conductive films were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the matrix, CF as the conductive filler and OCC as the flexible support material. Firstly, the coupling agent was grafted on the surface of CF to enhance their surface activity, improve the dispersion of CF in solution and the chemical bonding of CF to the matrix. Subsequently, sizing nanoparticles were applied to increase the roughness of the CF surface. This served to increase the volume of the conductive network and enhance the mechanical interlocking between CF and PVA. The results show that the two-step combined modification strategy have a significant positive impact on the interfacial chemical activity, contact angle, and roughness of CF. Moreover, it leads to notable improvements in various properties of the conductive film materials. This finding is relevant for the preparation of CF reinforced other matrix materials as well as for expanding the special properties and application value of CF conductive thin film materials. [Display omitted] • Low-cost flexible conductive films were produced using CF and OCC as reinforcing materials. • The improvement of CF surface activity builds a uniform and dense conductive network. • Silane coupling agents and nanoparticles work together to create an interfacial buffer layer. • The conductive film now exhibits significantly improved electrical and mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a tunable VO 2 metasurface (MS) is proposed and numerically demonstrated in the terahertz (THz) region, which can independently manipulate reflected linearly polarized (LP) and circularly polarized (CP) wavefronts at two frequencies independently. The unit-cell of the proposed VO 2 MS consists of a metallic circular ring (CR) structure, rectangular-shaped-patch (RSP) and circular-double-split-ring (CDSR) structure VO 2 adhered on a dielectric substrate by a bottom metallic ground plane. The proposed MS structure enables the reflected cross-polarization conversion of LP waves at lower frequencies (f L = 1.34 THz) and CP waves at higher frequencies (f H = 2.53 THz), respectively. By changing the external temperature, the conductivity of the VO 2 RSP and CDSR structures can be adjusted dynamically. By varying the conductivity of the VO 2 , the proposed MS can achieve a reflected LP conversion with efficiency from 0% to 98.86% at lower frequency of 1.34 THz and the reflected CP conversion with efficiency from 0% to 81.86% at higher frequency of 2.53 THz. Moreover, the corresponding modulation depths of this MS are as high as 98.86% and 81.86% at two different frequencies, respectively. Moreover, a 2π phase shift can be realized by the transmission phase and geometric phase principles at lower and higher frequencies, respectively. Finally, two VO 2 MSs have been constructed to achieve the reflection deflection for both CP and LP waves, and reflective CP focusing and LP vortex beam generation, respectively. These findings are favorable for expanding the range of temperature-controlled VO 2 MS for wavefront manipulation, thereby opening up new possibilities for the development of advanced, tunable, and multifunctional THz devices that can handle both LP and CP waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Aqueous hybrid iron-ion battery capacitor with flower-like activated carbon as cathode. • The aqueous device shows 100% cycling stability at 3,000 cycles test. • The aqueous devices reach 644 mF g−1 at 1 mA cm−2 in the voltage window of 0–1 V. With the over-exploitation of lithium resources, there is a tendency to find a new metal-ion energy storage device to replace lithium-ion batteries. In recent years, Fe-ion energy storage devices are acknowledged for their low cost, abundant resources, and safe characteristics, but their full potential has yet to be widely explored. Herein, we propose a new hybrid iron-ion battery capacitor (H-IIBC) energy storage device. The H-IIBC device prepared with nano flower-like activated carbon (FAC) as the cathode material, high-purity iron sheet as the anode material, and 1 M FeSO 4 + NH 4 Cl aqueous solution as the electrolyte. After atomic molecular dynamics simulations and ex situ characterization analysis, ion adsorption/desorption occurs on the surface of the FAC cathode during the charging/discharging process, accompanied by the redox of iron ions. The stripping/deposition of iron occurs at the high-purity iron anode. With the charging/discharging process, the reaction at the anode favors the interconversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+ which requires less energy, thus ensuring that the high purity iron will not be depleted. Thus, the specific capacitance of prepared H-IIBC could reach 644 mF g−1 (399 mF cm−2) at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 in the voltage window of 0–1 V and shows ultra-high cycling stability at 3,000 cycles test. This economical, long-life and safe H-IIBC is expected to realize great potential in the field of energy storage in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the evolution of the twenty-first century, the increase in people's material life level has also brought an increase in mental stress. For college students, not only need to bear heavy academic pressure, but also face the market competition after entering the society. Therefore, the psychological fitness instruction for undergraduate students has become an inseparable part of college education. However, in the current stage of mental health education, the quality of teaching is often difficult to guarantee. For the purpose of promoting the in-depth implementation of mental health education in colleges and universities and improving teaching effectiveness, one needs to analyze the quality of teaching in great details and understand the factors affecting the quality of teaching. In this paper, the mathematical programming algorithm is used to analyze the quality of college students' Psychological Wellness Instruction. It deeply studies the development status of psychological wellness training and the basic composition and algorithm principle of mathematical programming algorithm. It integrates it into the practice of teaching quality analysis on the basis of linear regression algorithm theory. The experimental results show that the highest confidence interval of teachers' teaching organization, cognitive level, and students' participation level in the mental health course has reached more than 80.00%. This shows the importance of these three factors to the improvement of teaching quality. In order to enhance the quality of college students' psychological wellness training, it is necessary to innovate the form of classroom organization and the degree of interaction between students and the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While supercapacitors have been widely studied as the next generation of energy storage devices, to develop active electrode materials for enhancing device performance is still challenging. Herein, we fabricated asymmetric supercapacitors based on NiZn-Layered double hydroxide (LDH) @NiCoSe2 hierarchical nanostructures as electrode materials. The NiZn-LDH@NiCoSe2 composites are deposited on Ni foam by a two-step strategy, in which NiZn-LDH nanosheets were firstly grown on Ni foam by hydrothermal method, and then NiCoSe2 particles were prepared by electrodeposition. Due to the synergistic effect between NiZn-LDH and NiCoSe2, excellent device performance was achieved. In a three-electrode system, the NiZn-LDH@NiCoSe2 exhibits a specific capacitance of 2980 F gâˆ'1 at 1 A gâˆ'1. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor of NiZn-LDH@NiCoSe2//activated carbon (AC) device was assembled, which exhibits the energy density of 49.2 Wh kgâˆ'1 at the power density of 160 W kgâˆ'1, with the capacity retention rate is 91% after 8000 cycles. The results indicates that NiZn-LDH@NiCoSe2 is a promising candidate as electrode materials for efficient energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the interests and needs of online health education for college students, exploring the concepts, procedures, models, and approaches of health plans, learning about mental health online, and developing a comprehensive online mental health education plan for as many college students as possible are always very popular. Based on the development and support of online mental health education for students, from the perspectives of teachers and college students, this paper investigates online mental health education for college students in a city, combined with data interviews and Delphi routes; through electronic questionnaires, 900 college students and 30 students were selected by faculty members to conduct an investigation. With descriptive statistics, reliability and availability, chi-square tests, and other options, this paper examines data on student Internet usage and current status and we have the Psychiatry Network. The results show that 91.75% of college students study online every day and 61.72% spend more than 4 hours online every day. Satisfaction with the Internet has a certain impact on the online application and use of the health college education. Students' online motivations and behaviors are multicultural. In order to build a mental health education network, educators believe that the primary goal should be to improve the mental health of college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photocatalyst comprising binary organic polymer dots (Pdots) was prepared. The Pdots were constructed from poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole), as an electron donor, and 1‐[3‐(methoxycarbonyl)propyl]‐1‐phenyl‐[6.6]C61, as an electron acceptor. The photocatalyst produces H2O2 in alkaline conditions (1 M KOH) with a production rate of up to 188 mmol h−1 g−1. The external quantum efficiencies were 30 % (5 min) and 14 % (75 min) at 450 nm. Furthermore, photo‐oxidation of methanol by Pdots, followed by a disproportionation reaction and an oxidation reaction, produced the high‐value chemical formate. On the basis of various spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements, the photophysical processes of the system were studied in detail and a reaction mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photocatalyst comprising binary organic polymer dots (Pdots) was prepared. The Pdots were constructed from poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole), as an electron donor, and 1‐[3‐(methoxycarbonyl)propyl]‐1‐phenyl‐[6.6]C61, as an electron acceptor. The photocatalyst produces H2O2 in alkaline conditions (1 M KOH) with a production rate of up to 188 mmol h−1 g−1. The external quantum efficiencies were 30 % (5 min) and 14 % (75 min) at 450 nm. Furthermore, photo‐oxidation of methanol by Pdots, followed by a disproportionation reaction and an oxidation reaction, produced the high‐value chemical formate. On the basis of various spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements, the photophysical processes of the system were studied in detail and a reaction mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the residual strength of concrete beams made from a new type of scoria aggregate after being exposed to fire, six concrete beams were tested, including three normal aggregate concrete (NAC) beams and three scoria aggregate concrete (SAC) beams. First, the beams were exposed to fire for 60 min (2 beams) and 90 min (2 beams), and then subjected to four-point bending tests. The effect of the duration of fire exposure on the load-midspan deflection relationship and the beam failure modes was evaluated with an advanced digital image correlation (DIC) camera. The experimental results indicate that at certain locations, the temperature of the SAC beams after 60 min and 90 min of fire exposure was lower than that of the NAC beams. When the duration of fire exposure was 90 min, the ultimate load capacity of the SAC beams decreased by approximately 11% compared to the load capacity of the beams at ambient temperature, while the load capacity of the NAC beams decreased by approximately 17.5% under the same conditions. After a fire, the internal bonds of concrete are damaged, and this damage manifests as concrete spalling, compressive strain, gap spacing, and reinforcement damage after loading. In this study, a numerical model was also developed and the flexural response of the NAC and SAC beams under different fire times was simulated. The results of the numerical model showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Using the numerical model, the influence of several important parameters on the ultimate capacity of the SAC beams for different fire exposure times was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Although nonsurgical and surgical management of knee arthrofibrosis has been reported in the literature, there is little information on the effect of procedural treatment modalities of refractory arthrofibrosis on clinical outcomes. The purpose of this case report is to describe the intervention of refractory knee arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and investigate long-term clinical outcomes after procedural intervention. Methods: A 27-year-old male presented with decreased range of motion (ROM), patellar mobility, strength, and knee joint function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of his left knee. After failed conservative management, the patient underwent manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) to release scar tissue. Following MUA, the emphasis of comprehensive physiotherapy was on decreasing inflammation, relieving pain, and maintaining patellar mobility while increasing knee joint ROM and strength. Knee ROM, patellofemoral motion, gait, and quadriceps recruitment were measured 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after MUA. Results: At 2-year follow-up after MUA, the patient continued to present with decreased ROM and quadriceps strength compared to the contralateral knee, but had returned to a running program and reported knee joint dysfunction no longer interfered with his daily activities. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates signs and symptoms that could indicate knee arthrofibrosis and introduces procedural intervention for refractory arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that commonly occurs in adults and adolescents. The objectives of this work were to verify the role of microRNA- (miR-) 135a in OS and determine whether it can regulate the growth and cellular migration of OS by targeting mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2). miR-135a and SMAD2 mRNA expression levels were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Proliferation and migration of cells were studied using the Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU staining, and transwell invasion experiment. Additionally, a dual-luciferase reporter experiment was used to investigate the possible relationship between miR-135a and SMAD2's 3 ′ -UTR. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to examine the expressions of SMAD2 and Ki67 in mouse tumor tissues to determine the influence of miR-135a on cancer progression in vivo. miR-135a was shown to be elevated in OS tissue samples as well as five cell lines. High expression levels of miR-135a were correlated with poor prognosis of OS patients. Cellular proliferation and migration were promoted by the upregulation of miR-135a with miR mimics; however, this effect was inhibited by SMAD2 overexpression. miR-135a was also shown to directly target the 3 ′ -UTR of SMAD2. Animal experiments also demonstrated that miR-135a downregulation had an inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo. High expression levels of miR-135a promoted transplanted tumor development in vivo and the proliferation and migration of OS cells by targeting SMAD2. In summary, miR-135a may be a prospective therapeutic target for OS in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop efficient sensitizers, five novel metal‐free dyes were designed based on one of the best dyes W05 by inserting auxiliary electron acceptors. The photovoltaic performance of new dyes was studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations in order to shed light on how the auxiliary electron acceptor influences on the photovoltaic performances. Results illustrated that the insertion of auxiliary electron acceptors can narrow the HOMO‐LUMO gap, red‐shift the light absorption band, and enhance the sunlight harvesting. By estimating three important photovoltaic parameters, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of W05 was estimated to be about 8.96%, in good agreement with its experimental value of 9.22%, indicating that the scheme calculated the photovoltaic parameters is reliable. Interestingly, the estimated PCE values for designed dyes are superior to that of W05, suggesting that the molecular design is reasonable. Especially 5, its PCE was predicted to be as high as 14.07%, indicating that 5 is a promising sensitizer candidate for DSSC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O 3 and PM 2.5 pollution are prominent in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of both. However, few studies has been conducted to establish a high-precision BVOC emission inventory by vegetation types and species for the BTH region yet, and to further analyze the contribution of BVOC emissions to O 3 and PM 2.5 on this basis. This study established an emission inventory of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the BTH region using two methods: (a) the coupled method of stock volume conversion and plant function types (PFTs) and (b) MEGAN method. The contributions from different vegetation types to O 3 and PM 2.5 in the BTH region in July 2018 were simulated with WRF-CMAQ and verified using the O 3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential method. Relatively consistent results were obtained using the different inventory establishment and air quality impact analysis methods. Fruiters, crops, shrubs & grasslands, evergreen forests, and deciduous forests emitted 6.25%, 31.18%, 18.27%, 11.42%, and 32.88% of total BVOCs, respectively. The simulation results showed that BVOCs contributed 23.73% to O 3 and 37.99% to SOA in the BTH region. Deciduous trees, such as poplar and Quercus , were the main contributors to O 3 , while Pinus tabulaefoimis and Quercus were the main contributors to SOA. [Display omitted] • A refined BVOC emission inventory was built using two methods. • The effects of vegetation types and tree species on O 3 and PM 2.5 were quantified. • BVOC emissions were found to be high in the central and northern BTH. • Crops made the greatest contribution to O 3 and SOA among vegetation types. • Pinus tabulaefoimis and poplar contributed the most to O 3 and SOA among arbor trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable sensing technology is receiving great attention due to potential applications in smart electronic devices, which requires the sensors own high sensitivity and flexibility at the same time. In present work, we fabricated piezoresistive sensors with the carbonized melamine foam (CMF) and silver nanowires (AgNWs). The CMF and AgNWs interlace and contact each other to form 3D network structures, thus increasing the conductive path. The CMF provided porous skeleton with elasticity. Due to the synergic effect of CMF and AgNWs, the prepared AgNWs@CMF piezoresistive sensor achieved a high sensitivity (4.97 kpa−1 at 30–50 kpa) and excellent stability during cycles within 4000 s (1000 times). Based on the sensor performance tests, it is proved that the AgNWs@CMF pressure sensor can be used to monitor different positions of the human body. This work provided a new opportunity to manufacture CMF based piezoresistive sensors with high-performance in future development of electronic skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nature, the self-assembly of sequence-specific biopolymers into hierarchical structures plays an essential role in the construction of functional biomaterials. To develop synthetic materials that can mimic and surpass the function of these natural counterparts, various sequence-defined bio- and biomimetic polymers have been developed and exploited as building blocks for hierarchical self-assembly. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular self-assembly of hierarchical nanomaterials based on peptoids (or poly-N-substituted glycines) and other sequence-defined synthetic polymers. Modern techniques to monitor the assembly mechanisms and characterize the physicochemical properties of these self-assembly systems are highlighted. In addition, discussions about their potential applications in biomedical sciences and renewable energy are also included. This review aims to highlight essential features of sequence-defined synthetic polymers (e.g., high stability and protein-like high-information content) and how these unique features enable the construction of robust biomimetic functional materials with high programmability and predictability, with an emphasis on peptoids and their self-assembled nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon‐based gas molecules are readily available feedstocks and are widely used in industry as building blocks or fuels. However, their application in the synthesis of fine chemicals has been hampered due to operational complexity, poor reaction efficiency and selectivity. Recent development of photoredox‐promoted transformations using such gaseous reagents has received considerable attention from the synthetic community. In this review, efforts in developing light‐promoted organic transformations using carbon‐based natural gases as C1 or C2 feedstocks and to overcome the associated challenges are briefly summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon‐based gas molecules are readily available feedstocks and are widely used in industry as building blocks or fuels. However, their application in the synthesis of fine chemicals has been hampered due to operational complexity, poor reaction efficiency and selectivity. Recent development of photoredox‐promoted transformations using such gaseous reagents has received considerable attention from the synthetic community. In this review, efforts in developing light‐promoted organic transformations using carbon‐based natural gases as C1 or C2 feedstocks and to overcome the associated challenges are briefly summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium iron phosphate battery recycling is enhanced by an eco-friendly N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O method, restoring Li+ ions and reducing defects. Regenerated LiFePO 4 matches commercial quality, a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution. [Display omitted] • Low-temperature liquid-phase direct regeneration of LiFePO 4 with high efficiency. • Li+ ions anti-site defects being repaired Using N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O. • Regenerated LiFePO 4 showing good electrochemical performance. Lithium iron phosphate batteries, known for their durability, safety, and cost-efficiency, have become essential in new energy applications. However, their widespread use has highlighted the urgency of battery recycling. Inadequate management could lead to resource waste and environmental harm. Traditional recycling methods, like hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, are complex and energy-intensive, resulting in high costs. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel low-temperature liquid-phase method for regenerating lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials. By using N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O as a reducing agent, missing Li+ ions are replenished, and anti-site defects are reduced through annealing. This process restores nearly all missing Li+ ions at 80 °C/6h. After high-temperature sintering at 700 °C/2h, the regenerated LiFePO 4 matches commercial LiFePO 4 in terms of anti-site defects and exhibits excellent performance with a 97 % capacity retention rate after 100 cycles at 1C. Compared to high-temperature techniques, this low-temperature liquid-phase method is simpler, safer, and more energy-efficient, offering a blueprint for reclaiming discarded LiFePO 4 and similar materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C18H22N6O18U2, monoclinic, P2/c (no. 13), a = 10.894(2) Å, b = 7.9674(16) Å, c = 16.787(3) Å, β = 100.823(2)°, V = 1399.1(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0307, wRref(F2) = 0.0728, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C23H14IN4O7La, triclinic, P 1 ‾ (no. 2), a = 8.2438(3) Å, b = 12.3786(5) Å, c = 12.6230(5) Å, α = 111.802(1)°, β = 91.144(1)°, γ = 100.6470(10)°, V = 1169.86(8) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0313, wRref(F2) = 0.1051, T = 296 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Radiotherapy, a crucial cancer treatment, has evolved significantly over the years. Traditionally, treatment plans were based on initial scans used throughout the treatment course, accounting for changes in the patient's anatomy by additional margins to targets. However, the field has moved towards decreasing margins with the advancement of delivery and targeting accuracy in order to decrease toxicity, and the increasing use of image guidance has illuminated patient anatomical changes such as organ deformation, weight loss, tumor shrinkage, and even biological changes that are unaccounted for by the conventional approach. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) addresses this by adjusting treatment plans according to these changes. ART can be conducted in two ways: online (adjustments made during treatment sessions) and offline (adjustments made between treatment sessions). Advances in technology, especially in medical imaging (CT, MRI, and PET scans) and artificial intelligence, have made ART more feasible and efficient. ART offers more precise cancer treatment by adapting to changes in the patient's body, leading to better outcomes with fewer side effects. Radiotherapy, a crucial technique in cancer therapy, has traditionally relied on the premise of largely unchanging patient anatomy during the treatment course and encompassing uncertainties by target margins. This review introduces adaptive radiotherapy (ART), a notable innovation that addresses anatomy changes and optimizes the therapeutic ratio. ART utilizes advanced imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and PET to modify the treatment plan based on observed anatomical changes and even biological changes during the course of treatment. The narrative review provides a comprehensive guide on ART for healthcare professionals and trainees in radiation oncology and anyone else interested in the topic. The incorporation of artificial intelligence in ART has played a crucial role in improving effectiveness, particularly in contour segmentation, treatment planning, and quality assurance. This has expedited the process to render online ART feasible, lowered the burden for radiation oncology practitioners, and enhanced the precision of dynamically personalized treatment. Current technical and clinical progress on ART is discussed in this review, highlighting the ongoing development of imaging technologies and AI and emphasizing their contribution to enhancing the applicability and effectiveness of ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the security of several recent MAC constructions with provable security beyond the birthday bound (called BBB MACs) in the quantum setting. On the one hand, we give periodic functions corresponding to targeted MACs (including PMACX, PMAC with parity, HPxHP, and HPxNP), and we can recover secret states using Simon algorithm, leading to forgery attacks with complexity O (n). This implies our results realize an exponential speedup compared with the classical algorithm. Note that our attacks can even break some optimally secure MACs, such as mPMAC+-f, mPMAC+-p1, mPMAC+-p2, mLightMAC+-f, etc. On the other hand, we construct new hidden periodic functions based on SUM-ECBC-like MACs: SUM-ECBC, PolyMAC, GCM-SIV2, and 2K-ECBC − Plus, where periods reveal the information of the secret key. Then, by applying Grover-meets-Simon algorithm to specially constructed functions, we can recover full keys with O (2 n / 2 n) or O (2 m / 2 n) quantum queries, where n is the message block size and m is the length of the key. Considering the previous best quantum attack, our key-recovery attacks achieve a quadratic speedup. • Quantum cryptanalysis. • Quantum algorithm. • Simon-based quantum algorithm on BBB MACs. • Grover-meets-Simon-based quantum algorithm on BBB MACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZSC) have shown great potential as energy storage devices as they incorporate the merits of rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. However, the poor bendability, unsatisfied energy density and cycling stability are still challenging the practical application of ZSC. Herein, Zn-doped MnO 2 nanowires (Zn-MnO 2) binder-free cathodes is synthesized with the aid of a one-step hydrothermal approach, which improves the lattice distortion caused by Zn hydrate ions and provided rich ion transport path. The Zn-MnO 2 cathode was assembled with the active carbon (AC) anode into an axial ZSC, achieving a surface capacitance of 1300 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 722.2 μWh cm−2 at power density of 1.99 mW cm−2. After 20,000 charge/discharge cycles, a capacity retention rate of 83.75% and a coulombic efficiency of 100% were achieved, indicating excellent cycle stability of present device. In addition, this axial ZSC reveals exquisite mechanical flexibility and electrochemical stability, enabling continuously power smartphones under bending conditions. Present work suggests that ZSC devices based on Zn-MnO 2 have excellent doable for business energy storage devices. • A axial ZSC was designed with Zn-doped MnO 2 cathode and carbon material anode. • The axial structure improves the flexibility and stability of the ZSC device. • The ZSC device displays high energy density (722.2 μWh cm−2). • The fiber-type device can be applied as wearable bracelet power supply device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-Cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) nanosheets have the advantages of large interlayer spacing, adjustable structure, and high theoretical capacity, which has attracted extensive attention. However, the poor conductivity and structural instability limit their application in electrode materials. Herein, a high-performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is designed with AC as the anode and Ni 3 S 2 @NiCo-LDH as the cathode. The open Ni 3 S 2 @NiCo-LDH cross-linked nanosheets arrays are uniformly arranged on the Ni foam (NF), which not only increases the sufficient contact area between electrode and electrolyte, but also facilitates the rapid transfer of electrons. Therefore, the assembled ASC exhibits high area-specific capacitance of 1267.2 mF cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, high energy density of 450.60 μW h cm−2 at the power density of 3.99 mW cm−2, and excellent cyclic stability with 85.2 % capacity retention over 5000 cycles. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the cross-linked nanosheets arrays of Ni 3 S 2 @NiCo-LDH on NF, which shows great potential as electrode for novel energy storage devices. • Ni 3 S 2 @NiCo-LDH/NF and AC/NF are prepared as electrodes. • The cross-linked nanosheet array structure improves the electrical conductivity and specific capacitance of electrodes. • The Ni 3 S 2 @NiCo-LDH composites deliver a high energy density for the all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor. • The device exhibits great potential as high-performance energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence has confirmed the vital role of Notch signaling in the tumorigenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The underlying function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) related to Notch signaling in ccRCC remains unclear. In present study, the prognostic value and therapeutic strategy of Notch signaling-related lncRNA are comprehensively explored in ccRCC. In total, we acquired 1422 NSRlncRNAs, of which 41 lncRNAs were identified the key NSRlncRNAs associated with the occurrence of ccRCC. The prognostic signature containing five NSRlncRNAs (AC092611.2, NNT-AS1, AGAP2-AS1, AC147651.3, and AC007406.3) was established and validated, and the ccRCC patients were clustered into the high- and low-risk groups. The overall survival of patients in the low-risk group were much more favorable than those in the high-risk group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk score was an independent prognostic biomarker. Based on the risk score and clinical variables, a nomogram for predicting prognosis of ccRCC patients was constructed, and the calibration curves and DCA curves showed the superior predictive ability of nomogram. The risk score was correlated with immune cell infiltration, targeted therapy or chemotherapy sensitivity, and multiple oncogenic pathways. Additionally, consensus clustering analysis stratified the ccRCC patients into four clusters with obvious different outcomes, immune microenvironments, and expression of immune checkpoints. The constructed NSRlncRNA-based signature might serve as a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis and response to immunotherapy or targeted therapy in patients with ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIR503HG is a 786 bp long lncRNA located on chromosome Xq26.3, and it can regulate diverse cellular processes. The pathogenesis of adenomyosis (AD) is associated with endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). The present study investigated the specific role of MIR503HG in AD pathogenesis and progression using ESCs derived from the endometrium of patients with AD as a model. Expression of MIR503HG and microRNA (miR)-191 were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. An immunocytochemistry assay was used to detect cytokeratin- or vimentin-positive ESCs. Transfections of ESCs with MIR503HG overexpression plasmid, short hairpin-MIR503HG and miR-191 inhibitor were performed. ESC viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell and flow cytometry assays. The association between MIR503HG and miR-191 was predicted by StarBase and confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related molecules (β-catenin) in ESCs were analyzed by western blotting. The isolated ESCs were vimentin-positive and cytokeratin-negative. MIR503HG was lowly expressed in the endometrial tissues derived from patients with AD. MIR503HG overexpression hindered ESC viability, migration and invasion while enhancing the apoptosis and downregulating miR-191 expression. MIR503HG knockdown induced the opposite effects, accompanied by downregulation of the E-cadherin expression and upregulation of N-cadherin and β-catenin levels. MIR503HG directly targeted miR-191 that was highly expressed in endometrial tissues derived from patients with AD. In ESCs, downregulation of miR-191 inhibited the viability, migration and invasion and the expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin levels while enhancing the apoptosis and E-cadherin expression in ESCs. Moreover, downregulation of miR-191 partially reversed the effect of MIR503HG knockdown. Collectively, overexpressed MIR503HG impeded the proliferation and migration of ESCs derived from endometrium of patients with AD, while promoting apoptosis via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via targeting miR-191. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with reconfigurable properties show potential in neuromorphic hardware applications. However, most 2D materials-based neuromorphic hardware is volatile, which needs large energy to accomplish perception functions. Here, we report on nonvolatile floating gate photo-memory devices based on ReS2/h-BN/SnS2 van der Waals heterostructures. The devices exhibit a large memory window of ∼60 V, a high program/erase current ratio of ∼107 with excellent retention characteristics, a low off-state current of 7.4 × 10−13 A, and a high detectivity of 1.98 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1, allowing for multi-bit information storage. For the multi-level storage capacity, 27 photo-memory states are obtained by pulsed laser illumination. Moreover, a neuromorphic computing network is also constructed based on the photo-memory devices with a maximum recognition accuracy of up to 90%. This work paves the way for miniaturization and high-density integration of future optoelectronics for neuromorphic hardware applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α‐type Ti35 alloy (Ti‐6 wt%Ta) has been recommended as one of the candidate materials for advanced nuclear reactors due to its excellent overall performance. Nonetheless, irradiation effects on the alloy remain scarcely understood by far. Herein, the primary irradiation damage of Ti35 alloy is investigated from multiple perspectives using atomistic simulations. Results show that with the increasing energy of the primary knock‐on atom (2 keV ≤ EPKA ≤ 10 keV), the number of Frenkel pairs (NFP) gradually increases independent of the incident direction of PKA (IDPKA) and the ambient temperature (100 K ≤ T ≤ 700 K), while it exhibits a downtrend at each IDPKA as the T elevates. The magnitude of EPKA can affect the anisotropy of IDPKA on irradiation damage. Unrelated to EPKA, IDPKA, and T, di‐interstitial clusters and Nvacancy > 3 clusters respectively account for the largest proportion of their categories, highlighting their stability. In any case, vacancies are more prone to cluster than interstitials. The increase of EPKA has a greater effect on vacancy clustering than interstitial clustering but can promote the increase in both the clustering fractions. An important insight into the understanding of the irradiation damage behaviors for the alloy has been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NDs are uniformly dispersed in the matrix by a surface modification strategy. • NDs are intimately contacted with the matrix, forming stable, low-indexed interfaces. • A high tensile strength of 741.1 MPa was achieved for 0.8 vol% ND/2024Al composite. • The strengthening mechanisms of ND/2024Al composites are clarified. Poor dispersion of nanodiamonds (NDs) is the bottleneck to exploit their intrinsically excellent properties in metal matrix composites (MMCs). In this study, a strategy of surface modification was developed to uniformly disperse ND particles into 2024 aluminum alloy. Microstructure observations showed that individual NDs are closely contacted with the matrix, forming reaction-free interfaces. Consequently, a high-strength 0.8 vol% ND/2024Al composite with an ultimate tensile strength of 741.0 MPa is developed. Theoretical and experimental measurements prove that the strength improvement of ND/2024Al composite is mainly attributed to the Orowan strengthening, thermal mismatch strengthening and grain refinement strengthening. This work demonstrates the effective application of NDs as a reinforcement for MMCs towards high-specific-strength materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the powerful computing capability of quantum computers, cryptographic researchers have applied quantum algorithms to cryptanalysis and obtained many interesting results. Finding the linear structure of a vector function is an important task in cryptography. In this work, we study how to reduce the complexity of finding linear structure using the Bernstein–Vazirani (BV) algorithm and give a new quantum linear structure finding algorithm with complexity O(n). Our result realizes a quadratic speedup compared with the previous algorithm (with complexity O (n 2) ). This leads to a more efficient analysis of symmetric cryptography, that is, the complexity of some previous BV-based attacks reduces from O (n 2) to O(n). Besides, we find two new applications for this kind of BV-based attack, i.e., related-key attacks on iterated Even–Mansour ciphers and i-round Feistel ciphers with independent round keys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]