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Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusion Apoptosis can fuel oncogenesis by the education of surrounding stromal cells. However, the function of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which interacted with apoptotic cancer cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression is still unknown.This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of apoptosis and the biological effects of CAFs, interacted with apoptotic cancer cells, on OSCC.A total of 166 samples from OSCC patients were stained via TUNEL reaction to evaluate the correlation between apoptosis and clinical characteristics. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed through flow cytometry and CCK‐8 assays, respectively. Levels of mRNA and protein were examined through qRT‐PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence.Higher percentage of apoptotic cancer cells in OSCC positively correlated with more Ki67+ cells and predicted poor clinical outcomes. Conditioned medium from CAFs exposed to apoptotic cancer cells significantly facilitated cell proliferation. Co‐culture CAFs with apoptotic cancer cells dampened the phosphorylation of STING/IRF3 signaling, as well as the production of type I interferon, which was required for the inhibition of OSCC cell proliferation.These results demonstrate the interplay between apoptotic cancer cells and CAFs promotes OSCC proliferation via STING signaling, identifying a potential therapy targeted CAFs surrounded with apoptotic cancer cells for OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify the surgical instrument that allows for optimal healing of tongue incisions. Methods: An Er:YAG laser was compared with different pulse energies to a conventional scalpel for the incision of mouse tongue tissues. Mice were sacrificed through cervical dislocation at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively, followed by extraction of their tongues for incision experiments. The healing of the incisions and expression of inflammation- and pain-related factors in the tongues were compared between the surgical procedure groups. Results: In laser-treated mice, tongue incisions healed the fastest when the laser output energy was 60 MJ per pulse. Macrophage chemotaxis toward the incisional area was triggered on the first postoperative day for the 60-MJ group, while the time for macrophage chemotaxis to the surgical area was later in the 80-MJ group. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression increased and then decreased in the 80-MJ group; however, it gradually decreased in the 60-MJ and conventional scalpel groups. Prostaglandin E2 expression increased and then decreased in the 80-MJ and conventional scalpel groups but gradually decreased in the 60-MJ group. The expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 gradually decreased in the 60-MJ and 80-MJ groups but gradually increased in the conventional scalpel group. Conclusion: Compared with surgical procedures using conventional scalpels, those using an Er:YAG laser with appropriate pulse energies can inhibit inflammation in the incisional area and promote incision healing. The use of an Er:YAG laser with appropriate pulse energies can alleviate intraoperative and postoperative pain in the incisional area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) using FAPbI3 perovskite films often exhibit unfavorable phase transitions and defect‐induced nonradiative interfacial recombination, resulting in considerable energy loss and impairing the performance of PeSCs in terms of efficiency, stability, and hysteresis. In this work, a facile interface engineering strategy to control the surface structure and energy‐level alignment of perovskite films by tailoring the interface between the FAPbI3 film and hole‐transporting layer using 4‐hydroxypicolinic acid (4HPA) is reported. According to density functional theory studies, 4HPA has prominent electron delocalization distribution properties that enable it to anchor to the perovskite film surface and facilitate charge transfer at the interface. By enabling multiple bonding interactions with the perovskite layer, including hydrogen bonds, PbO, and PbN dative bonds, 4HPA passivation significantly reduces the trap density and efficiently suppresses nonradiative recombination. The obtained perovskite films exhibit superior optoelectronic properties with improved crystallinity, pure α‐phase FAPbI3, and favorable energy band bending. Following this strategy, 4HPA post‐treatment PeSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.28% in 0.12 cm2 cells and 19.26% in 36 cm2 modules with excellent environmental and thermal stabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Night shift work-related disturbed biological rhythm and insufficient sleep affect the functioning of brain activity and thus impair cognitive performance and mood state, which potentially leads to negative and even devastating results for both individuals and patients. A virtual reality (VR)-based restorative environment has shown to be an effective new technique to reduce stress and improve cognitive performance, but little is known about its mechanism of improving neuronal activity and connectivity. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, single-center clinical trial. A total of 140 medical staff will be enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 allocation to either the VR immersion group (intervention group) or the control group. In the morning after the night shift, the participants in the intervention group will watch 360° panoramic videos of immersive VR natural restorative environments for 10 min, while the participants in the control group will just rest for 10 min. Assessments of abbreviated Profile of Mood States Questionnaire (POMS) and verbal fluency task (VFT) performances, as well as oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) and total hemoglobin concentration acquired by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) will be performed at baseline (day work), the morning after night shift but before the intervention (previous) and after intervention (post). Data collected after a night shift will be compared to baseline performance as well as between the two groups. Discussion: This trial will investigate the effects of the night shift and VR-based restorative environment intervention on mood, cognitive performance, and neuronal activity and connectivity. A positive result in this trial could encourage hospitals to apply VR technology to reduce physical and mental dysfunction during of night shifts among medical staff in every department. Furthermore, the findings from this study will contribute to understanding the underlying neuromodulation mechanisms of how restorative environments influence mood and cognition. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200064769. Registered on 17 October 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Ti-bearing blast furnace slag (TBS) and ferrochromium slag (FS) were co-utilized to prepare augite-based glass-ceramics. The synergistic effects of TBS and FS on the crystallization characteristics, glass matrix evolution, and physical properties of the glass-ceramics were investigated. The results showed that the glass-ceramics prepared from TBS exhibited insufficient crystallization ability owing to the Ti4+ entering the glass network and inhibiting the formation of a gehlenite-like Ca-rich phase. With the introduction of FS, Cr 2 O 3 disturbed the cation distribution in the glass network, reduced the activation energy of crystallization, transformed the crystallization mode and effectively increased the crystallization capacity. Moreover, the addition of FS resulted in the grain refinement of the augite phase, which improved the physical properties. With the addition of 36.89 wt% TBS and 27.67 wt% FS, the obtained glass-ceramics exhibited outstanding physical properties including a bulk density of 3.14 g/cm3, a bending strength of 173.5 MPa, and 727.3 Hv hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor oral bioavailability of arctiin caused by its low water solubility is the biggest obstacle in developing it as a drug. In this work, a new water-soluble glucuronide derivative of arctiin (arctigenin-4′-O-glucuronide) was synthesized through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl mediated oxidation reaction. Subsequently, its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by mice acute lung injury model in vivo. The results showed that the glucuronide derivative of arctiin not only had better water solubility but also displayed improved anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, thus serving as an innovative compound in the drug development of arctiin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: As one of the mainstays of breast cancer therapy, chemotherapy inevitably induces neutropenia. In this study, we explored the role of PEG‐rhG‐CSF (pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor) in the emergency treatment of chemotherapy‐induced grades 3–4 neutropenia. Methods: A total of 100 patients with breast cancer were randomized (1:1) into the study. Fifty patients randomized to the experimental group were treated with PEG‐rhG‐CSF after grades 3–4 neutropenia following the first cycle of chemotherapy, while 50 patients randomized to the control group received a daily injection of rhG‐CSF (recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor). The primary endpoint was the recovery time of grades 3–4 neutropenia. Results: Compared with patients in the control group, the mean ± SD recovery time of grades 3–4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) was significantly shorter for patients in the experimental group (grades 3–4, P =.000; grade 4, P =.000; FN, P =.038). There is no significant difference in the incidence of FN for the two groups. In the experimental group, the duration of grades 3–4 neutropenia in patients aged <60 years and ≥60 years was 2.15 and 3.20 days, respectively (P =.037). Adverse events (AEs) of any grade were reported in 37 (75.5%) and 28 (59.6%) patients from the two groups, respectively. No grade ≥3 AEs were reported. Conclusion: This study supported that the PEG‐rhG‐CSF was more effective and convenient than rhG‐CSF for treating grades 3–4 neutropenia and FN in patients with breast cancer and had manageable toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the value of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and elderly men with abnormal blood glucose. Methods: Total 138 men aged above 50 years old with routine physical examination were involved in the study. All participants were evaluated with serological index, BMD by QCT and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Statistical analysis was conducted by χ2 test and regression model. Results: All individuals were divided into normal blood glucose (NBG) group and abnormal blood glucose (ABG) group. Compared with NBG group, BMD detected by QCT was obviously lower in ABG group (P < 0.05). More cases with low bone mass or osteoporosis were detected by QCT measurement than DXA (χ2 = 56.618, P = 0.000), which were consistent in both NBG and ABG groups (χ2 was 33.564 and 23.250, P = 0.000). No significant difference of detection rates was found in both subgroups neither by QCT nor DXA measurement (χ2 = 4.204, P = 0.122). Regression analysis revealed that ABG was negatively associated with BMD assessed by QCT (β = -0.217, P < 0.05), which did not show statistical difference after adjusting for age. Conclusion: In middle-aged and elderly male patients with NBG or ABG, QCT manifests higher detection rates of low bone mass and osteoporosis than DXA. ABG is negatively correlated with BMD measured by QCT, which is affected by age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly monodisperse, tetrahedral colloidal particles featuring four spherical dimples arranged symmetrically one per face were synthesized via classical seeded polymerization. The depth and number of dimples on the surface of the particles could be precisely tuned by varying the operation parameters including temperature, the compound solvent polarity, and 2-ethylhexylmethacrylate (EHMA) monomer concentration. The formation mechanism of the anisotropic colloidal particles was ascribed to the phase separation of polystyrene phase and PEHMA phase. Furthermore, the obtained tetrahedron dimpled colloidal particles were assembled with well-matched spherical particles via depletion interaction and centrifugal force, forming a colloidal cluster with a well-defined complex structure. These anisotropic colloidal particles and the various structures assembled from them can be used potentially as the basic building blocks to construct multi-dimension materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Traditional carbon materials as sulfur hosts of Li-sulfur(Li-S) cathodes have slightly physical constraint for polysulfides, due to their no-polar property. Therefore, it is necessary to further enhance the affinity between sulfur hosts and polysulfides, and relieve the shuttle effects in the Li- S batteries. Herein, we report a novel vertical 2-dimensional (2D) p-SnS/n-SnS 2 heterostructure sheets which grown on the surface of rGO. The excellent electrochemical properties of SnS-SnS 2 @rGO as Li-S cathode are ascribed to the stronger absorption effect of metal sulphides for polysulfides and the smooth trapping-diffusion-conversion effect of p-SnS/n-SnS 2 heterostructure for polysulfides. As a conductive carrier for the growth of vertical 2D p-SnS/n-SnS 2 heterostructure nanosheets, rGO can protect the steadiness and enhance the cycle stability of electrode, compared with heterostructure without rGO. In addition, the built-in electric field in the 2D p-SnS/n-SnS 2 heterostructure during the discharge/charge processes can effectively accelerate charge transfer, and the charge transfer mechanism in SnS-SnS 2 heterostructure during cycling has been investigated. At a rate capability of 2C, the designed SnS-SnS 2 @rGO as Li-S cathode delivers high specific capacities of 907 mAh g−1 and 571 mAh g−1 after the first cycle and 500 cycles, respectively, which shown excellent cycling ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a bipolar gate-controlled device with high blocking voltage, current density, and switching frequency. The inverters composed of IGBTs can be used in the power system of spacecraft for power control and distribution. However, in the space environment, cosmic rays such as protons and γ-ray, may cause the total ionizing dose (TID) effects on IGBT, reducing its performance and even leading to degradation of the safe operating area (SOA). Many researches have focused on the impact of γ-ray. However, there are few studies on TID effects induced by proton irradiation. Also, previous studies mainly focused on the degradation of IGBT electrical characteristics caused by the TID effects. To the best knowledge of authors, there is no report on the impact of TID effects on the SOA of IGBT. In this article, in order to investigate the degradation of IGBT induced by proton irradiation, we conducted the proton irradiation experiment on commercially available 1200 V/40 A trench field-stop IGBT (TFS-IGBT) with different irradiation fluence. By using TCAD simulations, a 2D TFS-IGBT model has been set up to simulate and analyze the impact on switching characteristics and SOA. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that the proton irradiation leads to the degradation of the electrical characteristics of the IGBT, such as the negative shift of the threshold voltage, the increase of collector-emitter leakage current, and the decrease of collector-emitter breakdown voltage. Meanwhile, the short-circuit characteristics of IGBT have severely degraded, while the reverse bias safe operating area (RBSOA) has not significantly changed. • A systematic study of proton-induced TID effects on TFS-IGBT is proposed. • The turn-on process is more sensitive to proton-induced TID effects than turn-off process. • The short-circuit time has decreased by 55 % at 1.86 × 1011 p/cm2 proton irradiation. • RBSOA of proton-irradiated IGBT has no significant degradation until 1.86 × 1011 p/cm2 proton irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bone is the most common site of metastatic breast cancer, and it is a leading cause of breast cancer-related death. This study aimed to explore bone metastasis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer. Methods: Four mRNA datasets and two lncRNA datasets of bone metastasis, lung metastasis and liver metastasis of breast cancer were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in group of bone metastasis vs lung metastasis and bone metastasis vs liver metastasis, as well as the overlap of the two groups, were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction of DEmRNAs were conducted. The cis nearby-targeted DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs were obtained. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of selected DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs. LOC641518-lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) pair was selected to verify its role in migration and invasion capability of breast cancer cells by wounding healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Results: A total of 237 DEmRNAs were obtained in bone metastasis compared with both lung metastasis and liver metastasis. A total of three DElncRNAs in bone metastasis compared with both lung metastasis and liver metastasis were obtained. A total of seven DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs and 15 DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs in group of bone metastasis vs lung metastasis and bone metastasis vs liver metastasis, were detected, respectively. Four cis LncRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified, which are LOC641518-LEF1, FLJ35024-Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR), LOC285972-Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2 (RARRES2) and LOC254896-TNF receptor superfamily member 10c (TNFRSF10C). qRT-PCR using clinical samples from our hospital confirms the bioinformatics prediction. siRNA knocking down LOC641518 down-regulates LEF1 mRNA expression, and reduces the migration and invasion capability of breast cancer cells. Conclusions: We concluded that four LncRNA-mRNA pairs, including LOC641518-LEF1, may play a central role in breast cancer bone metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affine motion estimation (AME) which is newly introduced in versatile video coding (VVC) plays a significant role in the bit-rate reduction for rotation and zooming scenes. However, it brings the complexity extremely increased. In this paper, a fast AME algorithm is designed to cope with the high-complexity problem. Three crucial stages are involved in the fast algorithm, which is the optimal inter-mode decision based on the coding unit (CU) partition, the fast algorithm in affine motion search (AMS), and the fast inter-mode decision based on a decision tree. Specifically, the optimal inter-mode will be determined straightforwardly when the parent CU is checked whether it is translational motion estimation (TME). Then, three fast algorithms are made in AMS, which are early termination based on control point motion vector (C P M V), early termination of the iteration process, and fast fine granularity C P M V search. Finally, the optimal inter-mode is predicted using a decision tree based on eight essential features. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 10.20% and 10.33% encoding time-saving on average under Low Delay B (LDB) and Random Access (RA) configuration, while the BD-Rate loss is only 0.12% and 0.14%, respectively. • Propose a three-stage scheme to decrease the complexity of the affine ME in VVC. • Utilize the CU partition including parent-CU and child-CU to reduce complexity. • Propose a three-step fast algorithm for the fast algorithm in affine motion search. • Find eight key features to predict the optimal inter-mode based on the decision tree model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrochromium slag (FCS) and titanium-bearing blast furnace (TBFS) were used as the main raw materials to prepare glass-ceramics by the conventional melting method in this study. The DTA tests and crystallization kinetics analysis were conducted to determine the optimum heat-treatment temperatures. The effects of FCS and TBFS addition on the glass-ceramics crystalline phase, microstructure evolution, and physical properties were investigated systematically. The results show that the dominant crystalline phases are Cr-containing augite and wollastonite in the glass-ceramics prepared from single FCS. With the increasing addition of FCS, though the crystallization ability enhanced continuously, a large amount of Cr-containing spinel precipitated, resulting in serious shrinkage cavities. When the TBFS was introduced into FCS glass-ceramics, the original silicon-oxygen was destroyed and the titanium-oxygen-silicon composite glass network formed. The ability of crystallization is further enhanced and the size of the grain is significantly refined. Simultaneously, the Cr-containing spinel is decreased obviously, which alleviates the shrinkage cavities and improves the mechanical properties of glass-ceramics. The final obtained glass-ceramics exhibits a flexural strength of 86.7 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 741.1 HV, a bulk density of 2.96 g/cm3, a water absorption rate of 0.36%, and a Cr ion leaching concentration of 0.66 mg/L. This study clarifies the mechanism of Cr 2 O 3 and TiO 2 in glass ceramics, which has important reference significance for the value-added utilization of FCS and TBFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many scales are designed to screen for obstructive sleep apnoea‐hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS); however, there is a lack of an efficiently and easily diagnostic tool, especially for Chinese. Therefore, we conduct a cross‐sectional study in China to develop and validate an efficient and simple clinical diagnostic model to help screen patients at risk of OSAHS. Methods: This study based on 782 high‐risk patients (aged >18 years) admitted to the Sleep Medicine department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University from 2015 to 2021. Totally 34 potential predictors were evaluated. We divided all patients into training and validation dataset to develop diagnostic model. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model were used to build model and nomogram was finally built. Results: Among 602 high‐risk patients with median age of 46 (37, 56) years, 23.26% were women. After selecting using the univariate logistic model, 15 factors were identified. We further used the stepwise method to build the final model with five factors: age, BMI, total bilirubin levels, high Berlin score, and symptom of morning dry mouth or mouth breathing. The AUC was 0.780 (0.711, 0.848), with sensitivity of 0.848 (0.811, 0.885), specificity of 0.629 (0.509, 0.749), accuracy of 0.816 (0.779, 0.853). The discrimination ability had been verified in the validation dataset. Finally, we established a nomogram model base on the above final model. Conclusion: We developed and validated a predictive model with five easily acquire factors to diagnose OSAHS patient in high‐risk population with well discriminant ability. Accordingly, we finally build the nomogram model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenotypic plasticity and competitive strength are major mechanisms determining the success of invasive species and are influenced by abiotic factors. A rise in the ratio of ammonium (NH 4 +) to nitrate (NO 3 −) in soils is frequently associated with the invasion of bamboo into broad-leaved evergreen forests. However, the influence of soil nitrogen (N) chemistry on plant growth and interspecific competition in the context of invasion remains insufficiently studied. In the present work, differences in plasticity and interspecific competition between native tree species in broad-leaved evergreen forests and invasive bamboo in response to different N forms were investigated using seedlings grown in a controlled environment. We show that moso bamboo responded positively and strongly to increased soil NH 4 +/NO 3 − ratios, while the native tree species Sapium sebiferum , Camellia oleifera , and Machilus pauhoi responded negatively and exhibited limited plasticity. Native tree species growth was significantly inhibited in the presence of moso bamboo under high-NH 4 + conditions, whereas native tree species were less affected by interspecific competition when NO 3 − was supplied as the sole N source. By contrast, moso bamboo growth was significantly inhibited, followed by seedling death, in both monoculture and in mixed culture with prolonged NO 3 − treatment. All species tested exhibited significantly higher rates of 15NH 4 + than 15NO 3 − uptake, but the Michaelis constant (K m) for 15NH 4 + uptake was lower in moso bamboo, indicating higher substrate affinity. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities showed no inducible effects in moso bamboo compared to the induction response seen in the native tree species in response to NO 3 −. Activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) significantly increased with NH 4 + provision in roots of moso bamboo, contrasted by a less plastic response in the native tree species. Enhanced ammonification and reduced nitrification in soils is typically observed during bamboo invasion and appears to create a positive soil-plant feedback loop that, due to highly flexible and opportunistic NH 4 +-acquisition pathways, favours bamboo fitness and invasion into native forests when NH 4 + is the dominant N form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Heterostructure PANI@SnS 2 @Cs was prepared via hydrothermal method; • The photocatalyst exhibits efficient Cr(VI) reduction performance; • The construction of heterostructure of PANI@SnS 2 @Cs enhances the reduction; • Reduction mechanism of Cr(VI) by PANI@SnS 2 @Cs is investigated. Tin sulfide (SnS 2) is an excellent photocatalyst, which is widely used in reduction of heavy metal pollutants. However, its application is hindered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers. In this study, a heterostructure composite composed of PANI, SnS 2 and carbon sphere (PANI@SnS 2 @Cs) was prepared by a hydrothermal approach combined with in-situ oxidative polymerization to release the fast recombination of photogenerated carriers and improve the photoreduction performance. Compared with bare SnS 2 and SnS 2 @Cs, PANI@SnS 2 @Cs not only provides more efficient photoreduction performance, but also possesses stronger adsorption capability. In neutral solution, 60 mg PANI@SnS 2 @Cs is capable of reducing 60 mL contaminated water with a concentration of 100 mg/L Cr(VI) within 30 min of solar light. Characterizations including transmission electron microscope and UV–Vis-NIR diffusive reflectance spectra were applied to provide evidences to confirm the heterostructure and the excellent optical performance of PANI@SnS 2 @Cs. Besides, the mechanism behind PANI@SnS 2 @Cs was investigated that the photogenerated e- in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of PANI can be transferred into the conduction band of SnS 2 while h+ in valence band of SnS 2 can be transferred into the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of PANI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an inorganic hole transport material (HTM), nickel oxide (NiOx) is widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its low cost and intrinsic stability. However, on account of its poor film formation on perovskite, the low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of regular NiOx‐based PSCs is a main obstacle for commercialization. Here, a solution‐processed inorganic/organic hybrid hole transporting system is developed to resolve this issue, thereby improving the PCE from 16.0% to 21.2%. Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is studied as the typical case, revealing that the performance improvement mainly lies in the synergistic interaction between NiOx and P3HT: 1) the introduction of P3HT improves assembly regularity and film uniformity of NiOx; 2) electron redistribution between P3HT and NiOx increases the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio for higher hole mobility; 3) the feed‐back impact of NiOx on P3HT enhances molecular orientation of polymer chains in P3HT for better hole transport through polymer framework. Finally, the encapsulated solar cell modules with P3HT‐promoted NiOx maintains 91% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h aging at a harsh 85 °C/85% relative humidity condition. This finding provides a feasible approach for using NiOx‐based HTMs to realize high‐performance regular PSCs, paving the way for their commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Glass-ceramic foams were successfully synthesized entirely from silicomanganese slag and feldspar tailings through an autocatalytically induced foaming process. • The effects of silicomanganese slag contents and sintering temperatures on the morphology and phase composition of glass–ceramic foams were investigated. • The multiphase co-melting mechanism of silicomanganese slag and feldspar tailings was revealed. • The influence of the high-temperature pyroplastic state on foaming behavior and pore morphology was elucidated. Utilizing solid waste to produce foam material has become a significant direction in resource recycling. This study focuses solely on using silicomanganese slag and feldspar tailings as raw materials, utilizing a powder sintering process to produce autocatalytic foaming glass–ceramic foam. We formulated four mix ratios based on the compositional characteristics of the silicomanganese slag and feldspar tailings. The study then explored the evolution of phase formation and macroscopic pore morphology under varying preparation temperatures. Moreover, through multi-phase co-melting experiments, this work unveiled the high-temperature molten mass generation mechanism between silicomanganese slag and feldspar tailings. Our findings reveal that the glass melt generated from silicomanganese slag particles and the 'solid–liquid erosion behavior' of feldspar particles play pivotal roles in the formation of high-temperature co-melt substances. As the sintering temperature increases, the mixed powder exhibits three different states of high-temperature molten mass, which are the reasons for the evolution of the macroscopic pore structure. It is suggested that the addition of silicomanganese slag should be less than 50 %, and the heat treatment temperature should be below 1145 °C in preparing glass–ceramic foam with silicomanganese slag and feldspar tailings. The sample with 40 % silicomanganese slag and 60 % feldspar tailings, treated at 1140 °C, yielded glass–ceramic foam with a compressive strength of 1.68 MPa, apparent density of 0.279 g/cm3, porosity of 81.7 %, and thermal conductivity of 0.074 W·m−1·K−1. In summary, this study provides a novel approach for the high-value utilization of silicomanganese slag and offers an economical route for developing lightweight, eco-friendly structural materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Glass-ceramic sealed solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): agglomeration effect of Rare-earth oxide. • Rare-earth oxide addition leads to depolymerization of the glass network structure. • The addition of La 2 O 3 to the sealing glass effectively improves viscosity and resistivity. In this paper, the agglomeration effect of rare-earth oxide has been confirmed through that the thermal properties, viscosity, crystalline phase, and high temperature resistivity of the 35BaO-(15-x)CaO-5Al 2 O 3 –10B 2 O 3 –35SiO 2 -xLa 2 O 3 (x = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 mol%, BABSCLa) glass system were systematically investigated. With the increase of the La 2 O 3 /CaO molar ratio, the results of Raman and infrared spectra of the BABSCLa glass showed that the Q4, Q3, and Q2 units of [SiO 4 ] decrease, while Q1 and Q0 units increased in the BABSCLa glass structure, because the La 2 O 3 as the glass network modifier can create more non-bridging oxygen than the CaO. However, the "agglomeration" effect of La ions with the high field strength could adsorb the oxygen in glass to form the La–O–La (Si) bond, resulting that the glass transition temperature and softening temperature of the BABSCLa glass continued to increase with the addition of La 2 O 3 , and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of annealed glass decreased from 11.37 to 10.87 × 10–6K–1, respectively. Simultaneously, the main crystalline phase of the BABSCLa glass-ceramic gradually changed from the low crystallization activation energy BaSiO 3 phase with 287 kJ/mol to Ba 3 La 6 (SiO 4) 6 phase with 454 kJ/mol duo to the "agglomeration" effect of La ions. The CTE of the BABSCLa glass-ceramic increased from 12.35 to 13.05 × 10–6K–1 and then decreased to 11.75 × 10–6K–1. The direct-current (DC) resistivity of the BABSCLa glass-ceramic was higher 105 Ω•cm at a high temperature of 750 °C, which had good high-temperature electrical insulation. This demonstrated the La 2 O 3 strengthening BaO CaO-Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass-ceramic system was an effective method for the preparation of hermetic glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel route for the utilization of silicomanganese slag in the preparation of high-temperature foam ceramic materials, grounded in the unique characteristics of the slag. The phase evolution and gas generation mechanisms of silicomanganese slag was systematically investigated using thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS), thermodynamic simulation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Foam glass ceramic with a density of 291 ± 8 kg/m3 and a compressive strength of 2.83 ± 0.07 MPa was prepared using silicomanganese slag as a foaming agent. This research indicated that manganese and sulfur in the silicomanganese slag are critical contributors to gas generation. Manganese in the slag oxidizes to dimanganese trioxide (Mn 2 O 3) before reaching 1000 °C, and at temperatures between 1000 and 1200 °C, trivalent manganese (Mn3+) converts to divalent manganese (Mn2+) and enters the pyroxene crystal, releasing oxygen (O 2). Sulfur in the slag, captured by divalent calcium (Ca2+), forms a more stable calcium sulfate (CaSO 4) during heating and enriches the slag particle surface. As the temperature exceeds 1000 °C, Ca2+ gradually integrates into the pyroxene, prompting the release of sulfate decomposition products, forming sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and O 2. A small fraction of unreacted CaSO 4 enters the glass phase, forming fibrous crystals that enhance the compressive strength of the foam glass-ceramic through fiber reinforcement. The outcomes of this work offer new insights into the high-value utilization of silicomanganese slag and enrich the understanding of gas generation mechanisms in Mn-based and S-based foaming agents. Schematic of Silicomanganese Slag Gas Phase Generation Behavior Study and Foam Glass Ceramic Preparation. [Display omitted] • Manganese generate oxygen through redox coupling reactions between divalent (Mn2+) and trivalent (Mn3+) states. • Sulfur generate gaseous substances through a "sulfur-capturing" and "delayed-releasing" process. • Foam glass ceramic was prepared using silicomanganese slag as a foaming agent. • Silicomanganese slag forms whiskers on bubble walls, enhancing the foam glass ceramic's compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Size-resolved Effective density of submicron atmospheric particles in Shenzhen were measured online using DMA-CPMA-CPC combined system. • Bimodal distribution feature of particle effective density was identified, including a main density mode and a sub density mode, by bimodal Gaussian fitting. • Particle effective density exhibited a high occurrence frequency of bimodal distribution, and two density modes exhibited opposite size distribution trends. • Effective density variation was highly correlated with the proportion of OA, sulfates and BC. Effective density (ρ eff) is one of the most important physical properties of atmospheric particles, providing important references in exploring the emissions and aging processes of fresh particles. In this study, a combined system of differential mobility analyzer, centrifugal particle mass analyzer, and condensation particle counter was used to periodically measure the ρ eff of atmospheric particles in Shenzhen from Oct. 2021 to Jan. 2022. Results showed that the ρ eff of particles with various size presented a bimodal distribution, which could be divided into main density (ρ m , main peak, corresponding to relatively dense particles after aging) and sub density (ρ s , sub peak, corresponding to fresh particles). The occurrence frequencies of ρ s of particles with diameters of 50 and 80 nm were less than 20%, but were as high as about 40% of that with diameters from 120 to 350 nm. The ρ m showed increasing trend with the size of particles, while ρ s decreased as the increasing of the size of particles. The ρ eff on pollution day varied significantly with chemical compositions. The increasing of the proportion of sulfate could promote the increasing of ρ eff , while black carbon and organic matter caused opposite effects, which may be related to various factors, including the difference of the material density and morphology of various chemical components. The ρ eff of 50, 80 and 120 nm particles decreased considerably during the new particle formation event, indicating that organic condensation was an important contributor to new particle growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion ANXA5, a notable tumor marker, displays irregular expression in diverse solid cancers, and links to local recurrence and metastasis rates. We aimed study the expression of ANXA5 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its diagnostic and prognostic values.520 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients in TCGA database and 124 OSCC patients in Nanjing stomatology hospital were enrolled in our study. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed using ANXA5 antibodies. Chi‐square test was used to analyze the clinicopathological features. Survival rates were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test.Our results showed significantly elevated ANXA5 at the gene and protein levels in HNSCC and OSCC compared to non‐tumor tissues. Histopathologically, ANXA5 was broadly present in OSCC tumor cells and fibroblast‐like cells but absent in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly at the invasive tumor front. Patients exhibiting high ANXA5 expression in these cells demonstrated poor differentiation, aggressive invasion patterns, and heightened lymph node metastasis risk, contributing to poorer postoperative outcomes. Remarkably, ANXA5 in fibroblast‐like cells emerged as an independent risk factor impacting survival in OSCC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) highlighted ANXA5's involvement in key pathways like epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT), TGF‐beta signaling, and hypoxia, which correlated with adverse clinical outcomes in OSCC.ANXA5 emerges as a significant prognostic biomarker for OSCC, potentially influencing its metastasis via the EMT pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica-aluminum borates (SiO 2 -R 2 O 3 -R 2 O-RO-ZrO 2 system) with La 2 O 3 replacing BaO were preparing using the conventional melt quenching process. The impact of substituting BaO with La 2 O 3 on the glass structure was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman. The density, thermal properties, alkali resistance and dielectric properties of the glasses were measured and compared using Archimedes, Differential Scanning Circuit (DSC), Thermal Expansion Calorimetry (TEC), Weight Reduction and Impedance Spectroscopy. The viscosity of the glass system was calculated from the thermal properties and discussed in comparison with the wetting angle at 1000 °C. The results showed that the glass does not undergo precipitation. With the increase of La 2 O 3 to BaO substitution, the Q4 in the glass network structure transforms to Q0+Q1 and Q2, causing depolymeriation of the glass structure. This results in an increase in the density of the glass, as well as an increase and subsequent decrease in the thermal expansion coefficient. Additionally, the glass transition temperature and glass softening temperature decrease and then increase, which was due to the high field strength of La3+. When substituting 5 wt% of BaO with La 2 O 3 , The glass displayed the lowest dielectric constant and dielectric loss, along with the best alkali resistance. Viscosity calculations showed that the viscosity gradually increases at 1000 °C with the increase of La 2 O 3 substitution, which was consistent with the wettability results. The glass components in the 0-5 wt% weight range all satisfy the iron-sealed glass wetting angle requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Disease metabolomes have been studied for identifying diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of pathology. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is one of the most prevalent subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, yet the profile and diagnostic value of its tissue metabolite are unclear. Subjects and Methods: Tumor tissue samples and matched normal mucosal tissue samples were collected from 40 OTSCC patients. Untargeted metabolic analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, in positive and negative ion modes, was used to identify dysregulated metabolites in OTSCC. Further, utilizing LASSO regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses, biomarker metabolites were selected and validated, and a diagnostic model was established. Results: One hundred and ninety metabolites were detected. The OTSCC had a total of 89 dysregulated metabolites, of which 73 were elevated. A diagnostic panel of nine metabolites was subsequently created that could accurately identify OTSCC with 100% sensitivity of 100%, 100% specificity and an AUC of 1.00. Conclusions: This study identified distinct metabolic characteristics of OTSCC and established a diagnostic model. Our research also contributes to the investigation of the pathogenesis of OTSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate Sonic hedgehog (Shh) effects on proliferation and apoptosis of tongue epithelial cells in embryonic and ageing mice. Materials and Methods: Embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), E14.5, E16.5 and postnatal day 0.5 (PN0.5) K14‐Cre;Shhfl/fl mice, and E14.5, E16.5, PN0.5, PN90.5 and postnatal 1.5 years (PN1.5Y) wild‐type (Wt) mice were employed. Scanning electron microscopy, haematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry were performed. Gel beads containing exogenous Shh protein were embedded in the tongue of PN90.5 and PN1.5Y Wt mice. Three days later, 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining were performed. Results: The number of fungiform papillae was decreased with age. The numbers of BrdU‐ and PCNA‐positive cells were the highest at PN0.5 and the lowest at PN1.5Y. Compared with Wt mice, K14‐Cre;Shhfl/fl mice had decreased PCNA‐positive cells in the epithelium, a smaller tongue volume, and fewer papillae at PN0.5. At E14.5, the number of BrdU‐positive cells was decreased in K14‐Cre;Shh fl/fl mice. At PN1.5Y, the number of apoptotic cells in tongue tissue exposed to Shh protein was less than that in the BSA group and the numbers of BrdU‐ and PCNA‐positive proliferating cells were increased. Conclusion: Shh maintains cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis during tongue development and ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rate control is an important technique for practical video coding applications by allocating suitable quantization parameters (QPs) for CTUs or frames to satisfy bandwidth requirement. However, rate control may result in video quality fluctuation because neighboring regions are quantized into different quality levels, which may affect viewing experience seriously, especially at low bitrate scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel CTU (Coding Tree Unit) level rate control approach for intra frame of the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard with consistent perceptual quality. In particular, a new perceptual hyperbolic rate distortion (R-D) optimization method is proposed for rate control with the constraint of constant perceptual quality, which shows good compatibility with other R-D models. Herein, a novel CTU level perceptual distortion model is presented to achieve the optimal rate control of intra frames for HEVC, where the Lagrange multiplier is adjusted by taking advantage of the different perceptual characteristics to achieve the minimal perceptual distortion variation across CTUs within one frame. Extensive experiments prove that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art CTU level rate control methods by considering R-D performance. In addition, subjective simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm further improves the visual quality of compressed videos by reducing perceptual quality fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of SiC materials, high-power devices such as SiC MOSFETs have been widely used in aerospace, new energy, nuclear applications, and other fields. This places higher demands on their reliability, especially about radiation effects. This paper proposes a 4H-SiC staircase-like buffer layer MOSFET (SBL-MOSFET) with a hardened structure against single-event burnout (SEB). A comparison is made with conventional VD-MOSFET, gauss buffer layer MOSFET (GBL-MOSFET), and double buffer layer MOSFET (DBL-MOSFET) through TCAD simulations. The performance of the SBL-MOSFET against single-event burnout is studied by investigating the electric field distribution, impact ionization rate, hole concentration, and lattice temperature. The simulation results demonstrate that the staircase-like buffer layer structure effectively improves the distribution of high electric field, reduces the impact ionization rate, and thus increases the SEB threshold voltage compared to other structures. The proposed SBL-MOSFET exhibits a 67.5 % improvement in single-event burnout threshold voltage compared to the conventional VD-MOSFET, with slight degradation of breakdown voltage and leakage current. Meanwhile, there is no significant change in other electrical parameters. • This paper proposes a new single-event burnout hardening strategy of SiC MOSFET with staircase-like buffer layer. • The proposed SBL-MOSFET increases the single-event burnout threshold voltage by 67.5 % compared to unhardened device. • The proposed SBL-MOSFET exhibits slight degradation on breakdown voltage and leakage current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Goose meat is an ideal nutrition source with high protein, low fat, and low cholesterol, and dietary acidifiers supplementation are considered an efficient nutritional regulation approach to promote poultry industry development. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the benefits of citric acid supplementation in growing geese. The specific results found that citric acid supplementation showed a significant growth-promoting function, and benefited the antioxidant capacity and cecum microbiota of the geese. An inclusion level of 3.2% CA in growing geese diets is recommended based on this study. To investigate the efficiency and optimum inclusion level of CA in growing geese diets on performance, plasma constituents, and intestinal health, 240 healthy female geese at the age of 28d were randomly allotted six treatment diets incorporated with 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4% CA. Each treatment group consisted of five replicates and eight birds per replicate. The findings demonstrated that 3.2% CA supplementation resulted in improved growth performance (ADG, ADFI, and FBW) (p = 0.001), and geese who received CA also showed lower body fat contents (p < 0.05) than the control group. Moreover, geese from the 2.4% and 3.2% CA group had the highest plasma glutathione peroxidase and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). A microbial diversity analysis of the cecum conducted by 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that 3.2% CA supplementation showed a significantly higher abundance of beneficial bacteria (Muribaculaceae, CHKCI001, Erysipelotricha-ceae_UCG_003, and UCG_009) (p < 0.05) and a lower abundance of harmful bacteria (Atopobiaceae, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Alistipes) (p < 0.10). Collectively, our results revealed that dietary supplementation with 3.2% CA had several benefits on the performance and physiological health of growing geese by promoting nutrients metabolism, improving antioxidant capacity, and modulating cecum microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death, which is reported to be associated with glioma progression and drug sensitivity. Targeting ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic approach for glioma. However, the molecular mechanism of glioma cell ferroptosis is not clear. In this study, we profile the change of 3D chromatin structure in glioblastoma ferroptosis by using HiChIP and study the 3D gene regulation network in glioblastoma ferroptosis. A combination of an analysis of HiChIP and RNA-seq data suggests that change of chromatin loops mediated by 3D chromatin structure regulates gene expressions in glioblastoma ferroptosis. Genes that are regulated by 3D chromatin structures include genes that were reported to function in ferroptosis, like HDM2 and TXNRD1. We propose a new regulatory mechanism governing glioblastoma cell ferroptosis by 3D chromatin structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusions The objective of the study was to assess the prognostic value of muscle invasion (MI), a key histopathological feature of tumor aggressiveness, and construct a superior prognostic prediction model combining the current TNM staging system.MI was analyzed in the whole‐slide images from a total of 301 patients with primary buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC). Survival times of patients with/without MI were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. MI was further combined with the TNM staging system to explore its predictive value for prognosis. Moreover, 204 cases of head and neck carcinoma from the TCGA database were included.MI positive rate reached to 76% (229/301) in patients with BMSCC. MI was associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.012) and disease‐free survival (p = 0.022). The novel system (TNM staging combined with MI) revealed strong predictive performance, with the largest area under the curve (OS: p < 0.001, DFS: p < 0.004). MI and the established classification system were also had good predictive ability in the TCGA cohort.MI is an independent predictor of poor prognosis of BMSCC. The inclusion of MI in prediction system can augment the risk stratification of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and may assist in the clinical decision‐making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of nickel-catalyzed selective hydroalkylation of 2-aryl-1,3-dienes has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A reaction pathway was suggested, which involves the deprotonation of the amide substrate, ligand coordination with the nickel centre, ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) and finally nucleophilic attack. Analysis of the calculated energy profiles shows that the rate-determining step is the LLHT process. For the LLHT step, hydrogen transferring to the least sterically hindered C4 position of 1,3-diene to form a metal-π-allyl intermediate needs the lowest activation barrier because the allylic-Ni intermediate is the most stable. The allyl group binding to the metal centre in an η3 fashion also promotes the following nucleophilic attack owing to the electron-withdrawing capability of the metal. The subsequent nucleophilic attack leads to regio-divergent products with a different substrate. For a linear amide substrate, nucleophiles selectively attack the least hindered terminus carbon of the π-allyl–Ni species to form 1,4-addition products due to the steric effect. However, for a cyclic imide substrate, nucleophiles selectively attack the nonterminal carbon leading to 3,4-selective products, which is supposed to be a result of the electron-withdrawing capability of heteroatoms on the cyclic imide. Furthermore, on combining a cyclic imide substrate and a chiral ligand, a stereoselective 3,4-addition product is obtained due to steric effects. All the calculation results are in agreement with the experimental results. An alternative pathway which includes the step of hydrometalation from the nickel-hydride complex to the diene and the reductive elimination is ruled out due to the calculated high-energy barrier that cannot be achieved under the experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a genetic basis. The predominant non-motor symptom of WD is cognitive dysfunction, although the specific genetic regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Tx-J mice, with an 82% sequence homology of the ATP7B gene to the human gene, are considered the most suitable model for WD. This study employs deep sequencing to investigate the differences in RNA transcript profiles, both coding and non-coding, as well as the functional characteristics of the regulatory network involved in WD cognitive impairment. The cognitive function of tx-J mice was evaluated using the Water Maze Test (WMT). Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles were analyzed in the hippocampal tissue of tx-J mice to identify differentially expressed RNAs (DE-RNAs). Subsequently, the DE-RNAs were used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, as well as DE-circRNAs and lncRNAs-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) expression networks, and coding-noncoding co-expression (CNC) networks. To elucidate their biological functions and pathways, the PPI and ceRNA networks were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. A total of 361 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs), comprising 193 up-regulated and 168 down-regulated mRNAs, 2627 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs), consisting of 1270 up-regulated and 1357 down-regulated lncRNAs, and 99 differentially expressed circular RNAs (DE-circRNAs), consisting of 68 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated circRNAs, were observed in the tx-J mice group when compared to the control mice group. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses revealed that DE-mRNAs were enriched in cellular processes, calcium signaling pathways, and mRNA surveillance pathways. In contrast, the DE-circRNAs-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was enriched for covalent chromatin modification, histone modification, and axon guidance, whereas the DE-lncRNAs-associated ceRNA network was enriched for dendritic spine, regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation, and mRNA surveillance pathway. The study presented the expression profiles of lncRNA, circRNA, and mRNA in the hippocampal tissue of tx-J mice. Furthermore, the study constructed PPI, ceRNA, and CNC expression networks. The findings are significant in comprehending the function of regulatory genes in WD associated with cognitive impairment. These results also offer valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of WD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological characteristics, and the individual histological characteristics of the tumors are poorly understood. Therefore, calculating the proportion of tumor cells in different regions that allow assessment of the prognostic outcomes for OSCC patients would be of great clinical significance. Methods and Results: We established an open‐source software‐based analytic pipeline that defines the inner tumor and invasive tumor front (ITF) in pancytokeratin‐stained whole slide images (WSIs) and quantifies the tumor‐stroma ratio (TSR) within the two regions. We applied this method to 114 patients with OSCC and predicted patient prognosis by the TSR. The proportion of tumor area in the inner tumor was generally higher than that in the ITF (p < 0.0001). TSR was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (p = 0.016), disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.026), and relapse‐free survival (RFS) (p = 0.037) in inner tumor, and TSR was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.00052), DFS (p = 0.035), and metastasis‐free survival (MFS) (p = 0.038) in the ITF. Tumor‐low status was associated with poorer prognosis. There was a significant correlation between the TSR and perineural invasion (PNI) in the inner tumor (p = 0.009). Conclusions: The histopathological characteristics of different regions of OSCC may be used to develop the potential prognostic markers. The TSR of the inner tumor is more targeted in predicting prognosis and accurately assesses the risk of PNI+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem cells have differentiation and regulation functions. Here, we discussed the impact of cell culture density on stem cell proliferation, osteoblastogenesis, and regulation. To discuss the effect of the initial culture density of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) on the osteogenic differentiation of autologous cells, we found that the hPDLSC proliferation rate decreased with an increase in the initial plating density (0.5–8 × 104 cells/cm2) for the 48 h culture cycle. After hPDLSCs induced osteogenic differentiation for 14 days with different initial cell culture densities, the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2) and the OPG/ Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κ B Ligand (RANKL) ratio were the highest in the hPDLSCs initially plated at a density of 2 × 104 cells/cm2, and the average cell calcium concentration was also the highest. To study hPDLSCs regulating the osteoblastic differentiation of other cells, we used 50 μg/mL of secreted exosomes derived from hPDLSCs cultured using different initial cell densities to induce human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) osteogenesis. After 14 days, the results indicated that the gene expression of OPG, Osteocalcin(OCN,)RUNX2, and osterix and the OPG/RANKL ratio were the highest in the 2 × 104 cells/cm2 initial cell density group, and the average calcium concentration was also the highest. This provides a new idea for the clinical application of stem cell osteogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients who do not achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) have a significantly worse prognosis. A reliable predictor of prognosis is required to further subdivide non‐pCR patients. To date, the prognostic role in terms of disease‐free survival (DFS) between the terminal index of Ki‐67 after surgery (Ki‐67T) and the combination of the baseline Ki‐67 at biopsy before NST (Ki‐67B) and the percentage change in Ki‐67 before and after NST (Ki‐67C) has not been compared. Aim: This study aimed to explore the most useful form or combination of Ki‐67 that can provide prognostic information to non‐pCR patients. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 499 patients who were diagnosed with inoperable breast cancer between August 2013 and December 2020 and received NST with anthracycline plus taxane. Results: Among all the patients, 335 did not achieve pCR (with a follow‐up period of ≥1 year). The median follow‐up duration was 36 months. The optimal cutoff value of Ki‐67C to predict a DFS was 30%. A significantly worse DFS was observed in patients with a low Ki‐67C (p < 0.001). In addition, the exploratory subgroup analysis showed relatively good internal consistency. Ki‐67C and Ki‐67T were considered as independent risk factors for DFS (both p < 0.001). The forecasting model combining Ki‐67B and Ki‐67C showed a significantly higher area under the curve at years 3 and 5 than Ki‐67T (p = 0.029 and p = 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: Ki‐67C and Ki‐67T were good independent predictors of DFS, whereas Ki‐67B was a slightly inferior predictor. The combination of Ki‐67B and Ki‐67C is superior to Ki‐67T for predicting DFS, especially at longer follow‐ups. Regarding clinical application, this combination could be used as a novel indicator for predicting DFS to more clearly identify high‐risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve near-continuous vertical observations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), multi-channel whole-air sampling equipment onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform was developed in this study. The equipment consists of a multi-position solenoid valve and specially designed lightweight quartz sampling canisters. The canisters have little adsorption loss of VOCs and good inter-canister reproducibility. The 7 d recovery test shows that most VOC species (97 %) had a 1-week decay within 20 %. Online instruments for measuring O 3 , NO 2 , CO, SO 2 , and meteorological parameters are also integrated into the UAV platform. During one take-off and landing, the UAV platform can reach 800 m above the ground within 40 min and take whole-air samples at six heights. Vertical profiles of VOCs and trace gases during the evolution of the PBL in south-western China are successfully obtained by deploying the newly developed UAV system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metabolite stability is critical for tissue metabolomics. However, changes in metabolites in tissues over time from the operating room to the laboratory remain underexplored. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the effect of postoperative freezing delay time on the stability of metabolites in normal and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues. Methods: Tumor and paired normal tissues from five OSCC patients were collected after surgical resection, and samples was sequentially quenched in liquid nitrogen at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 120 min (80 samples). Untargeted metabolic analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes was used to identify metabolic changes associated with delayed freezing time. The trends of metabolite changes at 30–120 and 30–60 min of delayed freezing were analyzed. Results: 190 metabolites in 36 chemical classes were detected. After delayed freezing for 120 min, approximately 20% of the metabolites changed significantly in normal and tumor tissues, and differences in the metabolites were found in normal and tumor tissues. After a delay of 60 min, 29 metabolites had changed significantly in normal tissues, and 84 metabolites had changed significantly in tumor tissues. In addition, we constructed three tissue freezing schemes based on the observed variation trends in the metabolites. Conclusion: Delayed freezing of tissue samples has a certain impact on the stability of metabolites. For metabolites with significant changes, we suggest that the freezing time of tissues be reasonably selected according to the freezing schemes and the actual clinical situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transverse cracking is a serious problem for semi-rigid base asphalt pavement. The shrinkage of the base course and the surface course, as well as reflective cracks, are key factors for transverse cracking in asphalt pavement. Crack spacing can directly reflect the degree of transverse cracking in pavements. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the transverse crack spacing and discuss its affecting factors. To this end, a calculation model of transverse crack spacing for the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement was first established. Then, the transverse crack spacings of different composite structures were calculated, and the influences of the shrinkage coefficient, the structural layer thickness, and the pavement tensile strength on transverse crack spacing were expounded. Finally, the transverse crack spacing of the pavement after the appearance of the reflective was calculated. The results show that the lower lime and fly ash content and skeleton gap gradation can be adopted during the design of the base course. Meanwhile, the lower lime and fly ash content in the macadam base, the skeleton gap gradation and asphalt concrete with a larger particle size in the surface layer can be used during the design of surface layer. In addition, the transverse crack spacing of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement could be increased by reducing the shrinkage coefficient, increasing the thicknesses of the surface course and the base course, and improving the tensile strength of the pavement. After the appearance of reflective cracks, the transverse crack spacing of the surface layer ranged between 32.8 m and 66.5 m. 15fp-AC25, 15fp-AC20, 15df-AC25, and 17fp-AC25 were found to be the best semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structures to reduce transverse cracking. Finally, transverse cracking in pavement composite structures under different bonding conditions needs to be analyzed in the follow-up work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to generate 1-methyl nicotinamide (MNAM). Although previous studies have shown that NNMT is frequently dysregulated to promote the onset and progression of many malignancies, its expression profile, prognostic value and function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still unknown. Methods: We used untargeted metabolomics based on mass spectrometry to analyze potential metabolite differences between tumors and matched adjacent normal tissues in 40 OSCC patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the NNMT expression profile in OSCC, and the diagnostic and prognostic values of NNMT were evaluated. Next, qPCR and Western blot were used to compare the expression of NNMT in five OSCC cell lines. Stable transfected cell lines were constructed, and functional experiments were carried out to elucidate the effects of NNMT on the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to investigate the potential functional mechanisms of NNMT in OSCC. Results: We found that the nicotinamide metabolic pathway was abnormally activated in OSCC tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. NNMT was expressed ubiquitously in tumor cells (TCs) and fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) but was absent in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). OSCC patients with highly expressed NNMT in TCs had higher risk of lymph node metastasis and showed a worse pattern of invasion (POI). Moreover, patients with highly expressed NNMT were also susceptible to postoperative recurrence. Highly expressed NNMT can independently predict shorter disease-free survival and recurrence-free survival. Functionally, we demonstrated that the ectopic expression of NNMT promoted OSCC tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Conversely, silencing exerted significantly opposite effects in vitro. In addition, GSEA showed that highly expressed NNMT was mainly enriched in the epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) pathway, which displayed a significant positive correlation with the six classic EMT markers. Conclusions: Our study uncovered that NNMT may be a critical regulator of EMT in OSCC and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC patients. These findings might provide novel insights for future research in NNMT-targeted OSCC metastasis and recurrence therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterotopic malignant tumor. Alternative splicing (AS) and RNA modification have been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we constructed RNA modification-associated AS (RMA-AS) signature model to predict the prognosis of HNSCC.Methods: AS events and RNA-modified gene expression information were downloaded from TCGA-HNSCC database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was employed for analyzing prognosis-related AS events. RMA-AS events were obtained by constructing a coexpression network between RNA modification-associated genes and AS events using WGCNA package. The prognostic signatures were analyzed by LASSO, univariate Cox, and multivariate Cox regression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, proportional hazard model, and ROC curve were performed to verify the prognostic value. "ESTIMATE" R package, ssGSEA algorithm, and CIBERSORT method were used to detect immune microenvironment in HNSCC. Cytoscape was utilized to build a regulatory network of splicing factor-regulated RMA-AS.Results: There were 16,574 prognostic AS events and 4 differentially expressed RNA modification-associated genes in HNSCC. Based on RMA-AS events, we obtained a risk model consisting of 14 AS events, named RMA-AS_Score. The samples were divided into RMA-AS_Score high- and RMA-AS_Score low-risk groups, according to the risk score. The RMA-AS_Score high group was related to poor prognosis. Moreover, the RMA-AS_Score signature was an independent prognostic predictor and was related to tumor grade. Meanwhile, the AUC value of RMA-AS_Score was 0.652, which is better than other clinical characteristics. Besides, a nomogram prediction model of quantitative prognosis has also been developed, which has robust effectiveness in predicting prognosis. In addition, the prognostic signature was observably related to immune microenvironment and immune checkpoint. Finally, 14 splicing factors were identified and constructed into a network of splicing factor-regulated RMA-AS.Conclusion: We identified the RMA-AS signature of HNSCC. This signature could be treated as an independent prognostic predictor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the latest generation of video coding standards, versatile video coding (VVC) introduces several new coding tools in transform coding to concentrate the energy of residual blocks. In this work, we propose a regular multiplier (RM) based hardware architecture for 2D transform that can process different transform sizes and types using a unified architecture. This architecture consists of a 1D row transform, a transpose memory, and a 1D column transform, allowing for processing 16 coefficients per cycle. For the 1D row/column transform, the unified calculation structure consists of 512 regular multipliers supporting various transform sizes and types. For the transpose memory, we design an SRAM-based diagonal storage approach, along with a FIFO for storing the block information. Compared with the state-of-the-art MCM-based design, the proposed RM-based design shows a 30.9% reduction in area while can operate at a higher frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mn overload leads to podocyte injury in the kidney in vitro and in vivo. • NLRP10 is identified to mediate Mn-induced podocyte apoptosis by CRISPR/Cas9 screen. • Mn-MTDH complex activates NLRP10 signaling via ALKBH5-mediated m6A modification. • Both high plasma and urinary Mn levels are risk factors for CKD. Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for various biological processes but excess exposure to Mn can cause neurotoxicity. However, there are few reports regarding the toxicity effect of Mn on the kidney as well as the underlying molecule mechanism. Herein, in vivo experiments were adopted to assess the toxicity effects associated with Mn, and found that chronic Mn treatment induced the injury of glomerular podocytes but not renal tubule in rats. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen was then employed to explore the biotargets of the toxic effect of Mn on podocytes. Through functional analyses of the enriched candidate genes, NLRP10 was found to be significantly up-regulated and mediated Mn-induced podocyte apoptosis. Further mechanism investigation revealed that NLRP10 expression was regulated by demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in an m6A-dependent fashion upon Mn treatment. Moreover, Mn could directly bind to Metadherin (MTDH) and promoted its combination with ALKBH5 to promote NLRP10 expression and cell apoptosis. Finally, logistic regressions, restricted cubic spline regressions and uniform cubic B-spline were used to investigate the association between Mn exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A U-shaped nonlinear relationship between CKD risk and plasma Mn level, and a positive linear relationship between CKD risk and urinary Mn levels was found in our case-control study. To sum up, our findings illustrated that m6A-dependent NLRP10 regulation is indispensable for podocyte apoptosis and nephrotoxicity induced by Mn, providing fresh insight into understanding the health risk of Mn and a novel target for preventing renal injury in Mn-intoxicated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NASICON-structured Na 3 MnTi(PO 4) 2.83 F 0.5 cathode was first synthesized. • The introduction of F regulates the microstructure. • The incorporation of F- significantly enhances sodium storage performance. • The reversible solid-solution structural evolution in NMTPF-0.5 was revealed. NASICON-structured materials with high ionic conductivity, robust structure, and high operation potential have aroused extensive attentions as cathode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and low specific capacity are crucial obstacles for practical application of NASICON materials. Herein, a new NASICON-structured Na 3 MnTi(PO 4) 2.83 F 0.5 (NMTPF-0.5) with the hierarchical and porous structure is synthesized by a simple sol–gel method. The Rietveld refinements and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) chemical analysis confirms the NASICON structure of NMTPF-0.5. The unique structural design significantly enhances rate performance. Meanwhile, the introduction of F- stimulates electrochemical activities of Mn, and stabilizes crystal structure compared with traditional Na 3 MnTi(PO 4) 3. Consequently, the NMTPF-0.5 achieves the high energy density of 511 Wh kg−1 at 0.1C, an outstanding rate performance (364 Wh kg−1 at 10C), and the desirable cycling stabilities exceeding 500 cycles at 10C. The ex-situ XRD reveals the insertion/extraction of Na+ through the reversible solid-solution mechanism. Moreover, we statistically analyze how the electrochemical properties and microstructure affected by various F- substitution amounts. This study explored a novel strategy for designing high capacity and high power-density cathode materials for SIBs via the microstructure and crystal structure optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we use an oxidation flow reactor, Gothenburg: Potential Aerosol Mass (Go: PAM) reactor, to investigate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from wheat straw burning. Biomass burning emissions are exposed to high concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) to simulate processes equivalent to atmospheric oxidation of 0-2.55 days. Primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated, and particles were measured before and after the Go: PAM reactor. The influence of water content (i.e. 5% and 11%) in wheat straw was also explored. Two burning stages, the flaming stage, and non-flaming stages, were identified. Primary particle emission factors (EFs) at a water content of 11% (∼3.89 g/kg-fuel) are significantly higher than those at a water content of 5% (∼2.26 g/kg-fuel) during the flaming stage. However, the water content showed no significant influence at the non-flaming stage. EFs of aromatics at a non-flaming stage (321.8±46.2 mg/kg-fuel) are larger than that at a flaming stage (130.9±37.1 mg/kg-fuel). The OA enhancement ratios increased with the increase in OH exposure at first and decreased with the additional increment of OH exposure. The maximum OA enhancement ratio is ∼12 during the non-flaming stages, which is much higher than ∼ 1.7 during the flaming stages. The mass spectrum of the primary wheat burning organic aerosols closely resembles that of resolved biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA) based on measurements in ambient air. Our results show that large gap (∼60%-90%) still remains to estimate biomass burning SOA if only the oxidation of VOCs were included. [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the feasibility of warm mix technology in high-viscosity asphalt mixes, in the current experiment, Shell 70 Grade A asphalt (base asphalt) was modified by AR-HVA (a high-viscosity modifier), and the high-viscosity modified asphalt was further incorporated with two surface-active warm mixes (Evotherm M1 and Retherm). The physical properties of the high-viscosity warm mix-modified asphalts were analyzed by dynamic and Brinell viscosity tests. The compatibility of the warm mixes with the high-viscosity modified and the base asphalt was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. The modification mechanism of the high-viscosity warm mix-modified asphalts was revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The high-viscosity modifier significantly reduced the penetration of the matrix asphalt and increased its softening point and 5°C ductility, whereas the two warm mixes increased the penetration and ductility of the high-viscosity modified asphalt and reduced its softening point. The surface-active warm mixes reduced the 60°C viscosity of the asphalt, and the viscosity reduction effect of M1 was better than that of Retherm. The high-viscosity modifier AR-HVA was well dispersed in the asphalt; however, its continuity was not good. The addition of the surface-active warm mixes effectively enhanced the continuity of the high-viscosity AR-HVA-modified asphalt. Infrared spectroscopy revealed little difference between the main components of the matrix asphalt and the high-viscosity asphalt. The addition of the surface-active warm mixes altered the amounts of four components in bitumen and increased its aromatic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a small size and light weight analyzer based on the broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy for measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) with high spatial-temporal resolution and high accuracy. The instrument utilizes a LED centered at 450 nm, a short optical cavity, and a spectrometer to determine the extinction coefficients span 435–465 nm, allowing us to retrieve the mixing ratio of NO 2 by absorption cross-section. The measurement precision (1σ) for NO 2 is 98 ppt in 2 s under laboratory conditions. The uncertainty is estimated at 6% mainly attributed to cross-section and the mirror reflectivity. Good consistency was achieved by comparing with commercial chemiluminescence detector and cavity attenuation phase shift spectrometer (CAPS) (both R2 = 0.99). We further mounted the instrument on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and maintained the UAV flight at the height of 20 m, the comparative measurement with a CAPS set in a neighbor building with the same sampling height showed a good correlation (R2 = 0.97), which confirmed the instrumental feasibility and stability on the UAV platform. At last, we present a successful NO 2 vertical measurement test, the good performance indicates this portable technique has great potential for vertical measurement. In particular, the mini-CEAS technique can further extend to measure the vertical profiles of other trace gas species (such as nitrous acid) with strong optical structural absorptions, which would largely promote the understanding of atmospheric chemistry on a vertical scale. [Display omitted] • A mini and high-precision NO 2 analyzer based on cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy was developed. • Intercomparison with other techniques showed good consistency and confirmed its feasibility and robustness. • A successful NO 2 vertical measurement test was presented by the UAV system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region has seen substantial improvements in PM 2.5 concentrations, which can be attributed to both local emission reductions and nationwide efforts. To formulate effective strategies for long-term PM 2.5 mitigation in the PRD, it is essential to understand the benefits derived from emission reductions in various regions. In this study, we employed a simulation-based decomposition analysis to evaluate the impact of national and local emission changes on PM 2.5 and its composition in the PRD region from 2006 to 2020. The downturn in annual average PM 2.5 concentrations in the PRD region from 2006 to 2020 primarily stems from local emission reductions, constituting 41–55% of the overall improvement, and nationwide emission reductions (excluding those within the PRD), which add another 10–28% to the improvement. The PM 2.5 improvement associated with local emission reduction primarily originates from industrial sources, power plants, and vehicles. Both local and nationwide emission reductions significantly curtail sulfate concentrations, but their impact on nitrate concentrations are relatively moderate, impeded by the ozone rebound due to the inappropriate reduction ratio of NO x /VOCs emissions, particularly in regions with VOCs-limited regime. Since 2013, as a result of China's accelerated efforts to reduce air pollution, national emission reductions have played a larger role in reducing PM 2.5 concentrations in the PRD region, especially in the autumn and winter seasons when their contributions to PM 2.5 decline can reach 44% and 54%, respectively. Therefore, comprehensive ozone control as well as coordinated regional emission reductions will be crucial for the long-term improvement of PM 2.5 in the PRD. Furthermore, stricter measures remain imperative to reduce emissions from local sources such as vehicles, agricultural sources, non-road sources, and dust sources. • The improvement and the compositional change of PM 2.5 in the PRD region were primarily attributed to emission reductions. • Local emission reductions have played a dominant role in improving PM 2.5 levels, while the influence of nationwide efforts is growing. • Local emission reductions from industry sources, power plants, and vehicles drive PM 2.5 improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive field campaign (STORM) was conducted from October to November 2018 at Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School (DXC, 22.60 °N, 113.97 °E) in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, to investigate the influence of oxidation on secondary pollution formation under different environmental conditions. Precursor concentrations introduced typical urban characteristics on the modeled OH reactivity (k OH) levels with a broad range between 15.0 and 30.0 s−1. The daily maxima of the observed OH and HO 2 radical concentrations were (2.3–12.8) × 106 cm−3 and (1.3–9.1) × 108 cm−3, respectively. Abundant photolysis sources (e.g., HONO, HCHO, and O 3) intensified photochemistry in the polluted period, and the OH radical concentration peaked 6.0 × 106 cm−3 at noon (11:00–13:00). A low k OH of 12.0 s−1 in the clean atmosphere prolonged the OH lifetime by decreasing the termination efficiency while maintaining a sustained OH concentration comparable to the polluted period. In terms of meteorology, the dominating air mass was isolated from the east and northeast directions, which promoted the transition of ozone from mild pollution to severe pollution. The immense precursor emissions at urban sites first compensated for the negative effect of declined solar radiation, and then they amplified radical propagation. Simultaneously amplified radical propagation promoted oxidation capacity, and increased the chain length (ChL) from 3.6 to 4.1, and P(O 3) has lifted effectively by approximately 13.3 %. Stable wind direction and velocity reduced the physical dilution loss, which supported the fast O x rise around 16:00. Further detailed investigations are required on the environmental causes of ozone pollution to address the influence of the oxidation processes on secondary pollution formation under other environmental conditions. [Display omitted] • HO x radicals were measured by a self-developed LIF instrument in Shenzhen. • Abundant precursors amplified radical propagation even if radiation declined. • Stagnant weather reduced the dilution loss to promote P(O 3) accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Studies show that axillary surgery can be potentially omitted in certain breast cancer patients who achieve breast pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST). However, potential differences between the ypT0 and ypTis subgroups remain to be explored. Furthermore, whether axillary surgery can be omitted in patients with clinically assessed positive axillary lymph nodes (cN+) remains unknown. This study was to evaluate the status of axillary lymph nodes for patients who achieved breast pCR after NST in the real-world study. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 258 patients with early or locally advanced breast cancer who underwent breast and axillary surgery after NST. Clinical and pathologic data were compared between patients with breast pCR (ypT0/is) and those without breast pCR. Results: The rate of breast pCR after NST was 27.1% (70/258). Among the patients with initial cN0, the rate of axillary pCR was similar between the breast pCR and breast non-pCR groups (100% vs. 85.7%, P = 0.1543). Among those with breast pCR, the rate of axillary pCR was 100% in both the ypT0 and ypTis subgroups. Furthermore, among those with initial cN+, the rate of axillary pCR was higher in the breast pCR group than in the breast non-pCR group (82.7% vs. 22.9%, P < 0.0001). Among the patients with breast pCR, the rate of axillary pCR was higher in the ypT0 subgroup than in the ypTis subgroup (94.3% vs. 58.8%, P = 0.0034). Conclusion: Axillary surgery may potentially be omitted in patients with initial cN0 who achieve breast pCR (ypT0/is), and may also be considered for omission in patients with initial cN+ who achieve ypT0 (not ypTis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]