764 results
Search Results
2. Enhanced technique of dural closure using autologous fat graft and Gelfoam for effective management of dural tear following interlaminar endoscopic lumbar spine surgery.
- Author
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Pruttikul P, Sutthiwongkit T, Kunakornsawat S, Paiboonsirijit S, and Pongpirul K
- Subjects
- Humans, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Aged, Adult, Endoscopy methods, Decompression, Surgical methods, Decompression, Surgical adverse effects, Postoperative Complications etiology, Postoperative Complications surgery, Spinal Stenosis surgery, Diskectomy methods, Diskectomy adverse effects, Lumbar Vertebrae surgery, Dura Mater surgery, Dura Mater injuries, Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable therapeutic use, Adipose Tissue transplantation, Adipose Tissue surgery
- Abstract
Background: Incidental dural tears are common complications in lumbar spine surgery, particularly in endoscopic procedures where primary closure via suturing is challenging. The absence of a standardized approach for dural closure in endoscopic spine surgery necessitates exploring alternative techniques., Objective: This study introduces a surgical technique for dural closure utilizing fat graft and Gelfoam, offering an effective alternative to standard approaches in endoscopic spine surgery., Methods: Surgical data from patients who underwent interlaminar endoscopic discectomy or stenosis decompression at Lerdsin Hospital from October 2014 to October 2021 were analyzed., Results: Among 393 cases, dural tears occurred in 2% (8 patients). Our technique achieved successful closure in all these cases, with no incidents of cerebrospinal fluid leakage or wound complications. The majority of patients showed favorable clinical outcomes, except for one case involving concomitant nerve root injury., Conclusion: This study demonstrates that using fat graft and Gelfoam for dural closure is a simple, reliable, and safe technique, particularly effective for challenging-to-repair areas in interlaminar endoscopic lumbar spine surgery., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. Philosophically, is obesity really a disease?
- Author
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Steele M and Finucane FM
- Subjects
- Humans, Body Mass Index, Adiposity physiology, Obesity prevention & control, Adipose Tissue
- Abstract
The question of whether obesity should be regarded as a disease remains controversial. One source of controversy can be addressed by distinguishing between two ways in which the word "obesity" is used. In medicine, the word "obesity" now typically refers to some or all of a set of interrelated dysfunctions of metabolism, adipose tissue, and dietary intake regulation. In other contexts, such as government-funded public education programs, the word "obesity" refers to a body mass index (BMI) category taken to indicate excess body fat. The result is that when medical experts say, "Obesity is a disease," the majority of outside medicine inevitably takes this to mean "being fat is a disease." In order to address this ambiguity, we apply key philosophical accounts of disease to the two different senses of "obesity." We draw two major conclusions: First, although obesity as understood in clinical medicine meets the criteria to be considered a disease, obesity as defined by BMI does not. Second, adequately addressing this disease requires us to distinguish it clearly and unambiguously from high BMI. Making this distinction would help both the public and policymakers to better understand the disease of obesity, facilitating advances in both prevention and treatment., (© 2023 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)
- Published
- 2023
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4. Intramuscular adipose tissue, muscle area, and power as predictors of performance in breast cancer survivors.
- Author
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de Lima ML, de Oliveira AA, Carneiro MAS, Silva SHA, de Queiroz Freitas AC, de Souza LRMF, Nomelini RS, Souza MVC, de Oliveira Assumpção C, and Orsatti FL
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Aged, Physical Functional Performance, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Adipose Tissue, Cancer Survivors, Muscle Strength physiology, Muscle, Skeletal physiopathology
- Abstract
Purpose: The decline in physical performance, assessed by physical tests such as the timed up and go (TUG) test, is a consequence of reduced physiological reserves at higher levels of a hierarchical process. This occurs due to changes in muscle architecture, including atrophy and fat infiltration into the muscles, which in turn lead to changes in muscle function, resulting in reduced muscle strength and power and, consequently, affecting physical performance. This study investigated predictive factors for physical performance in breast cancer survivor (BCS), focusing on intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), quadríceps muscle area (QMA), and muscular power., Methods: This observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study included 23 women without a history of cancer (age, 58.5 ± 8.3 years; BMI, 27.2 ± 5.1 kg/m
2 ) and 56 BCS (age, 58.5 ± 8.3 years; BMI, 27.2 ± 5.1 kg/m2 ). QMA and IMAT were assessed using computed tomography images. Muscular power and physical performance were measured using the 5-repetition sit-to-stand and TUG tests, respectively., Results: IMAT (r = 0.4, P < 0.01) and muscular power (r = - 0.4, P < 0.01) were associated with TUG performance in BCS, whereas QMA (r = - 0.22, P = 0.10) showed no significant association. QMA (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) was associated with muscular power, while no significant association was found between IMAT and muscular power (r = - 0.05, P = 0.73). Age explained 19% (P < 0.01) of TUG performance variability. Adding muscular power increased explanatory power by 12% (P < 0.01), and including IMAT further increased it by 7% (P = 0.02) for TUG performance. Collectively, age, muscular power, and IMAT accounted for 38% of the performance variance in the TUG test (age, B = 0.06, P = 0.043; muscular power, B = - 0.01, P = 0.002; IMAT, B = - 0.05, P = 0.020)., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that IMAT and muscular power predict the physical performance of BCS, while QMA does not have the same predictive capability., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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5. Correlation of ventricle epicardial fat volume and triglyceride-glucose index in patients with chronic heart failure.
- Author
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Cheang I, Zhu X, Lu X, Shi S, Yue X, Tang Y, Gao Y, Liao S, Yao W, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Xu Y, and Li X
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Biomarkers blood, Blood Glucose metabolism, Chronic Disease, Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Heart Ventricles physiopathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Triglycerides blood, Ventricular Function, Left, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Adiposity, Heart Failure diagnostic imaging, Heart Failure physiopathology, Heart Failure blood, Insulin Resistance, Pericardium diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
To explore the association of ventricle epicardial fat volume (EFV) calculated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and the insulin resistance indicator of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients with chronic HF (CHF), this retrospective cohort study included adult CHF patients with confirmed diagnosis of heart failure from January 2018 to December 2020. All patients underwent 3.0T CMR, and EFV were measured under short-axis cine. Spearman correlation, multivariate linear regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to analyze their association. There were 516 patients with CHF, of whom 69.8% were male. Median EFV was 57.14mL and mean TyG index was 8.48. Spearman correlation analysis showed that TyG index was significantly correlated with the EFV in CHF patients (r = 0.247, P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that TyG index levels were significantly associated with EFV as both continuous variables (Unstandardized β = 6.556, P < 0.001) and across the increasing quartiles (β = 7.50, 95% CI [1.41, 13.59], P < 0.05). RCS demonstrated there were a positive trend and linear association between EFV and TyG index in CHF patients (P for nonliearity = 0.941). In patients with CHF, the TyG index was positively and linearly associated with the EFV, which supports the metabolic roles of epicardial adipose tissue regarding insulin resistance., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2024
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6. Fat Graft Retention: Adipose Tissue, Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, and Aging.
- Author
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Trotzier C, Sequeira I, Auxenfans C, and Mojallal AA
- Subjects
- Humans, Aging, Stem Cells, Fibrosis, Graft Survival, Adipose Tissue transplantation, Adipocytes transplantation
- Abstract
Summary: Over the past 30 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of autologous fat grafting for soft-tissue augmentation and to improve facial skin quality. Several studies have highlighted the impact of aging on adipose tissue, leading to a decrease of adipose tissue volume and preadipocyte proliferation and increase of fibrosis. Recently, there has been a rising interest in adipose tissue components, including adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) because of their regenerative potential, including inflammation, fibrosis, and vascularization modulation. Because of their differentiation potential and paracrine function, ASCs have been largely used for fat grafting procedures, as they are described to be a key component in fat graft survival. However, many parameters as surgical procedures or adipose tissue biology could change clinical outcomes. Variation on fat grafting methods have led to numerous inconsistent clinical outcomes. Donor-to-donor variation could also be imputed to ASCs, tissue inflammatory state, or tissue origin. In this review, the authors aim to analyze (1) the parameters involved in graft survival, and (2) the effect of aging on adipose tissue components, especially ASCs, that could lead to a decrease of skin regeneration and fat graft retention., Clinical Relevance Statement: This review aims to enlighten surgeons about known parameters that could play a role in fat graft survival. ASCs and their potential mechanism of action in regenerative medicine are more specifically described., (Copyright © 2022 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)
- Published
- 2023
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7. Body surface area equations for physically active men and women.
- Author
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Looney DP, Potter AW, Arcidiacono DM, Santee WR, and Friedl KE
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- Male, Female, Humans, Body Surface Area, Reproducibility of Results, Body Composition, Absorptiometry, Photon, Adipose Tissue, Models, Biological
- Abstract
Objectives: To improve predictive formulae for estimating body surface area (BSA) in healthy men and women using a modern three-dimensional scanner technology., Methods: Body surface areas were obtained from a convenience sample of 1267 US Marines (464 women and 803 men) using a whole body surface scanner (Size Stream SS20). The reliability of SS20 measures of total and regional BSA within participants was compared across triplicate scans. We then derived a series of formulae to estimate SS20-measured BSA using various combinations of sex, height, and mass. We also assessed relationships between percent body fat measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and sex-specific formulae errors in Marines., Results: Body surface areas recorded by the SS20 were highly reliable whether measured for the total body or by region (ICC ≥ .962). Formulae estimates of BSA from sex, height, and mass were precise (root-mean-square deviation, 0.031 m
2 ). Errors from the Marine Corps formulae were positively associated with percent body fat for men (p = .001) but not women (p = .843)., Conclusions: Clinicians, military leaders, and researchers can use the newly developed BSA formulae for precise estimates in healthy physically active men and women. Users should be aware that height- and mass-based BSA estimates are less accurate for individuals with extremely low or high percent body fat., (Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. American Journal of Human Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2023
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8. Prediction of high visceral adipose tissue for sex-specific community residents in Taiwan.
- Author
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Chang YH, Chang CS, Liu CY, Chang YF, and Shun SC
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Taiwan, Body Mass Index, ROC Curve, Chronic Disease, Risk Factors, Waist Circumference, Adipose Tissue, Intra-Abdominal Fat
- Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is strongly linked with numerous chronic diseases; however, the accessibility for visceral adipose tissue measurement is limited. This study employed a cross-sectional design to determine the optimal strongest predictor of high visceral adipose tissue in each sex and identified the optimal cutoff value thereof. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 94 men and 326 women aged ≥40 years in southern Taiwan. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to explore the optimal predictor of high visceral adipose tissue (defined as ≥135 cm
2 for men and ≥100 cm2 for women) in each sex. The waist-to-hip ratio was the strongest predictor for men, with a cutoff value of 0.96 yielding the maximum sensitivity (94.29%) and specificity (93.22%). By contrast, body mass index was the strongest predictor for women, with a cutoff value of 25.45 kg/m2 yielding the maximum sensitivity (87.18%) and specificity (87.55%). The results may serve as a reference for health policy-makers in screening for high visceral adipose tissue to identify individuals at high risk of developing chronic diseases for health promotion., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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9. The making of a classic: the 1974 Durnin–Womersley body composition paper
- Author
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Steven B. Heymsfield and Boyd J. G. Strauss
- Subjects
Skinfold Thickness ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Adipose Tissue ,Anthropometry ,Body Composition ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2022
10. Reciprocal organ interactions during heart failure: a position paper from the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function
- Subjects
PULMONARY ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION ,MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ,Brain ,Adipose tissue ,Heart failure ,Kidney ,Non-coding RNAs ,Intestine ,SKELETAL-MUSCLE ATROPHY ,PERIVASCULAR ADIPOSE-TISSUE ,CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS ,Multi-organ clinical syndrome ,Liver ,PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION ,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE ,GROWTH-FACTOR-I ,RAT MODEL ,Lung ,EXERCISE INTOLERANCE - Abstract
Heart failure-either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFpEF)-is a clinical syndrome of multi-factorial and gender-dependent aetiology, indicating the insufficiency of the heart to pump blood adequately to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Typical symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue with impaired exercise capacity, and peripheral oedema, thereby alluding to the fact that heart failure is a syndrome that affects multiple organ systems. Patients suffering from progressed heart failure have a very limited life expectancy, lower than that of numerous cancer types. In this position paper, we provide an overview regarding interactions between the heart and other organ systems, the clinical evidence, underlying mechanisms, potential available or yet-to-establish animal models to study such interactions and finally discuss potential new drug interventions to be developed in the future. Our working group suggests that more experimental research is required to understand the individual molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure and reinforces the urgency for tailored therapeutic interventions that target not only the heart but also other related affected organ systems to effectively treat heart failure as a clinical syndrome that affects and involves multiple organs.
- Published
- 2021
11. Reciprocal organ interactions during heart failure: a position paper from the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function.
- Author
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Ciccarelli, Michele, Dawson, Dana, Falcao-Pires, Inês, Giacca, Mauro, Hamdani, Nazha, Heymans, Stéphane, Hooghiemstra, Astrid, Leeuwis, Annebet, Hermkens, Dorien, Tocchetti, Carlo Gabriele, van der Velden, Jolanda, Zacchigna, Serena, and Thum, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
HEART failure , *AEROBIC capacity , *VENTRICULAR ejection fraction , *SYMPTOMS , *BLOOD flow , *ETIOLOGY of diseases - Abstract
Heart failure—either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFpEF)—is a clinical syndrome of multifactorial and gender-dependent aetiology, indicating the insufficiency of the heart to pump blood adequately to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Typical symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue with impaired exercise capacity, and peripheral oedema, thereby alluding to the fact that heart failure is a syndrome that affects multiple organ systems. Patients suffering from progressed heart failure have a very limited life expectancy, lower than that of numerous cancer types. In this position paper, we provide an overview regarding interactions between the heart and other organ systems, the clinical evidence, underlying mechanisms, potential available or yet-to-establish animal models to study such interactions and finally discuss potential new drug interventions to be developed in the future. Our working group suggests that more experimental research is required to understand the individual molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure and reinforces the urgency for tailored therapeutic interventions that target not only the heart but also other related affected organ systems to effectively treat heart failure as a clinical syndrome that affects and involves multiple organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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12. Arterial Embolism After Facial Fat Grafting: A Systematic Literature Review.
- Author
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Moellhoff N, Kuhlmann C, Frank K, Kim BS, Conte F, Cotofana S, Piccolo NS, and Pallua N
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- Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Blindness, Forehead surgery, Retrospective Studies, Stroke etiology, Treatment Outcome, Adipose Tissue transplantation, Embolism etiology, Face surgery, Tissue Transplantation adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: While autologous fat grafting of the face is considered a generally safe procedure, severe complications such as arterial embolism (AE) have been reported., Objective: To summarize data on injection-related visual compromise, stroke, and death caused by arterial embolism after facial fat transplantation., Materials and Methods: Plastic surgery societies were contacted for reports on AE after autologous facial fat injection. In addition, a systematic literature review was performed. Data extracted included study design, injection site/technique, symptoms, management, outcome, and etiology., Results: 61 patients with a mean age of 33.56 ± 11.45 years were reported. Injections targeted the glabella or multiple facial regions (both n = 16/61, 26.2%) most commonly, followed by injections in the temples (n = 10/61, 16.4%) and the forehead (n = 9/61, 14.8%). The mean volume injected was 21.5 ± 21.5 ml. Visual symptoms were described most frequently (n = 24/58, 41.4%) followed by neurological symptoms (n = 20/58, 34.5%), or both (n = 13/58, 22.4%). Ophthalmic artery (OA, n = 26/60, 43.3%), anterior or middle cerebral artery (CA, n = 11/60, 18.3%) or both (n = 14/60, 23.3%) were most frequently occluded. Outcome analysis revealed permanent vision loss in all patients with OA occlusion (n = 26/26, 100%), neurological impairment in most patients with CA occlusion (n = 8/10, 80%), and vision loss in most patients suffering from both OA and CA occlusion (n = 7/11, 63.6%). Six patients died following embolisms., Conclusions: AE causes severe complications such as blindness, stroke, and death. Due to a lack of high-quality data, no evidence-based treatment algorithms exist. To increase patient safety, a database collecting cases and complications should be established., Level of Evidence Iii: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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13. Accuracy of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Techniques for Fat Quantification in Comparison With Magnetic Resonance Proton Density Fat Fraction and Single-Energy Computed Tomography in an Anthropomorphic Phantom Environment.
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Wu ZJ, Hippe DS, Zamora DA, Briller N, Amin KA, Kolokythas O, and Mileto A
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- Phantoms, Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Adipose Tissue anatomy & histology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate in an anthropomorphic phantom study the accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) techniques for fat quantification in comparison with magnetic resonance (MR) proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and single-energy computed tomography (SECT), using known fat content as reference standard., Methods: Between August 2018 and November 2020, organic material-based cylinders, composed of mixtures of lean and fat tissues mimics, iodine, and iron, were constructed to simulate varying fat content levels (0%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in a parenchymal organ and were embedded into an anthropomorphic phantom simulating 3 patient sizes (circumference, 91, 126, and 161 cm). The phantom was imaged with multiecho MR, DECT, and SECT. Magnetic resonance PDFF, DECT fat fraction, and computed tomography (CT) numbers (SECT polychromatic and DECT monochromatic data, virtual unenhanced images) were estimated. Performances of MR PDFF and CT techniques to detect differences in fat content were measured using the area under the curve (AUC). Noninferiority of each CT technique relative to MR PDFF was tested using a noninferiority margin of -0.1., Results: MR PDFF, DECT 140 keV monochromatic data, and fat fraction most closely correlated with known fat content (R2 = 0.98, 0.98, and 0.96, respectively). Unlike SECT and all other DECT techniques, DECT fat fraction was not affected by presence of iodine (mean difference, 0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.9% to 1.5%). Dual-energy computed tomography fat fraction showed noninferiority to MR PDFF in detecting differences of 5% in fat content in medium-sized phantoms (ΔAUC, -0.05; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.01), and 7% in large (ΔAUC, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.0 to 0.00) or extralarge sized phantoms (ΔAUC, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.00)., Conclusions: Dual-energy computed tomography fat fraction shows linear correlation with true fat content in the range up to 50% fat fraction. Dual-energy computed tomography fat fraction has comparable estimation error and shows noninferiority to MR PDFF in detecting small differences in fat content across different body sizes., Competing Interests: A.M. is a consultant for Bayer Healthcare. D.S.H. has received research funding from GE Healthcare, Philips Healthcare, Canon America Medical Systems, and Siemens Healthineers outside this work. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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14. Buccal Fat Pad: "Glandula" of Heister or "Boule Graisseuse" of Bichat?
- Author
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Mascolo GL, Calabrese N, and Eramo S
- Subjects
- Cheek, Personality, Social Perception, Adipose Tissue transplantation, Medicine
- Abstract
Two prominent personalities in Medicine, Lorenz Heister (1683-1758) and Xavier Bichat (1771-1802), compete for the attribution of the discovery of the buccal fat pad (BFP). A careful reading of the original texts reported here, seems to identify Bichat as the first to describe the BFP. However, Heister most probably was the first to describe an accessory parotid gland., (Copyright 2023 © American Academy of the History of Dentistry.)
- Published
- 2023
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15. Olive cake reduces obesity by decreasing epididymal adipocyte size, inhibiting oxidative stress and pancreatic lipase, in rat fed high fat diet
- Author
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Samba Garba, Mansourou and Bouderbala, Sherazede
- Published
- 2022
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16. Association between epicardial adipose tissue density and characteristics of coronary plaques assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography.
- Author
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Gao Z, Zuo Y, Jia L, Yin Y, Yang X, Fan Y, and Liu H
- Subjects
- Aged, Computed Tomography Angiography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Coronary Angiography methods, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Pericardium diagnostic imaging, Plaque, Atherosclerotic diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
To investigate the relationship between the epicardial adipose tissue density (EATD) and the coronary plaque components as assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). The study cohort included 240 patients with chest pain or precardiac discomfort (mean age 62.01 ± 7.45 years, 55.83% male). Patients were assigned to the high-risk plaque (HRP) group (n = 133) or non-HRP group (n = 107). All patients underwent CCTA to assess plaque composition, and quantitative analysis of EATD and epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV). Age, gender, EATV, EATD, diabetes history and family history were all correlated with HRP. There was no linear correlation between EATD and EATV among the subjects (R
2 = 0.008, p = 0.177), but there was a curvilinear correlation (R2 = 0.102, p < 0.001). After adjusting other traditional factors, and we observed robust associations of EAT volume and density with HRP (all p < 0.05). For per 1 standard deviation increase in EATD, the risk of HRP was 3.120 times the risk than that of non-HRP. For per 1 standard deviation increase in EATV, the risk of HRP was 1.499 times the risk than that of non-HRP. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that EATD was more predictive of HRP than EATV (AUC = 0.761, 95% CI 0.701-0.822). Our study found that EATD and EATV are both independent factors affecting the presence of HRPs, and EATD had a high predictive value for the presence of HRP., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)- Published
- 2022
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17. Body adiposity index to analyze the percentage of fat in young men aged between 7 and 17 years.
- Author
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de Macêdo Cesário T, de Almeida-Neto PF, de Matos DG, Wells J, Aidar FJ, da Costa RF, and de Araújo Tinoco Cabral BG
- Subjects
- Absorptiometry, Photon methods, Adolescent, Anthropometry methods, Body Mass Index, Child, Humans, Male, Obesity, Adipose Tissue, Adiposity
- Abstract
Background: The body adiposity index (BAI), uses anthropometry to estimate percent body fat (%F). However, previous studies have shown that the BAI has limited accuracy for children and adolescents., Objective: We propose to develop and validate an adjusted BAI for use in male children and adolescents from 7 to 17 years of age., Methods: The sample consisted of 141 physically active male children and adolescents (age: 12.5 ± 2.14). The %F was determined by X-ray dual energy absorptometry equipment (DXA) as the standard method and by BAI, using an equation that uses height and hip circumference. Arithmetic modeling was used to adjust the structure of the BAI mathematical model., Results: The BAI arithmetic adjustment was successful, resulting in the mathematical model named in the present study of adjusted body adiposity index (BAI
ADJ ). BAI and BAIADJ correlated with DXA (r ≤ .70, p < .001). Regression analyzes indicate that, BAI (CI 95% β: [1.35; 1.90], p < .0001) and BAIADJ (CI 95% β: [1.40; 1.90], p < .0001) have the potential to estimate %F. BAI pointed out a difference in relation to DXA (p = .04). While there was no difference between BAIADJ and DXA (p = .1). There was a proportion bias of 13.2% for BAI (p < .05), but not for BAIADJ (p > .05)., Conclusion: The adjusted model of the body adiposity index proves to be an effective tool for the analysis of the fat percentage in young males. In addition, it demonstrated significant degrees of agreement and validity in relation to DXA., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2022
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18. Investigation of human adipose-derived stem-cell behavior using a cell-instructive polydopamine-coated gelatin-alginate hydrogel.
- Author
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Pacelli S, Chakravarti AR, Modaresi S, Subham S, Burkey K, Kurlbaum C, Fang M, Neal CA, Mellott AJ, Chakraborty A, and Paul A
- Subjects
- Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Dexamethasone pharmacology, Humans, Neovascularization, Physiologic drug effects, Osteogenesis, Regenerative Medicine methods, Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds, Adipose Tissue physiology, Alginates chemistry, Gelatin chemistry, Hydrogels chemistry, Indoles chemistry, Polymers chemistry, Stem Cells physiology
- Abstract
Hydrogels can be fabricated and designed to exert direct control over stem cells' adhesion and differentiation. In this study, we have investigated the use of polydopamine (pDA)-treatment as a binding platform for bioactive compounds to create a versatile gelatin-alginate (Gel-Alg) hydrogel for tissue engineering applications. Precisely, pDA was used to modify the surface properties of the hydrogel and better control the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). pDA enabled the adsorption of different types of bioactive molecules, including a model osteoinductive drug (dexamethasone) as well as a model pro-angiogenic peptide (QK). The pDA treatment efficiently retained the drug and the peptide compared to the untreated hydrogel and proved to be effective in controlling the morphology, cell area, and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Overall, the findings of this study confirm the efficacy of pDA treatment as a valuable strategy to modulate the biological properties of biocompatible Gel-Alg hydrogels and further extend their value in regenerative medicine., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2021
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19. Improving Low-Density Fat by Condensing Cellular and Collagen Content through a Mechanical Process: Basic Research and Clinical Applications.
- Author
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Zhu H, Quan Y, Wang J, Jiang S, Lu F, Cai J, and Liao Y
- Subjects
- Adipose Tissue cytology, Adult, Animals, Cannula, Cell Count, Centrifugation, Collagen analysis, Female, Graft Survival, Humans, Lipectomy instrumentation, Mice, Models, Animal, Stromal Vascular Fraction, Tissue and Organ Harvesting instrumentation, Transplantation, Autologous methods, Adipose Tissue transplantation, Lipectomy methods, Mammaplasty methods, Tissue and Organ Harvesting methods
- Abstract
Background: Large-volume fat grafting results in high absorption and complication rates. Low-density fat includes small numbers of viable cells and considerable oil, resulting in nodules and oil cysts. This study evaluated a strategy for large-volume fat grafting using a mechanical process to condense low-density fat and transplanting it with high-density fat., Methods: Low-density fat, defined as the upper half of centrifuged lipoaspirates, was emulsified by intersyringe shifting and centrifuged to obtain condensed low-density fat. Fresh condensed low-density fat was analyzed by counting cells in the stromal vascular fraction, and by electron scanning and Western blotting. The retention rate and histologic changes of the product were analyzed using a fat grafting model in nude mice. Transplantation with a combination of condensed low-density fat and high-density fat was tested in patients undergoing breast reconstruction and breast augmentation., Results: The condensed low-density fat derived from low-density fat contained a large number of stromal vascular fraction cells and collagens, comparable to that of high-density fat and much higher than in low-density fat and Coleman fat. Retention rates 12 weeks after transplantation were higher for condensed low-density fat (55.0 ± 7.5 percent) than for low-density fat (31.1 ± 5.7 percent) and Coleman fat (41.1 ± 6.8 percent), with condensed low-density fat having fewer oil cysts and lower macrophage infiltration. Patients grafted with combined condensed low-density fat and high-density fat showed good long-term volume retention., Conclusions: Using mechanical methods to condense low-density fat to a level comparable to that of high-density fat is a practical method of improving fat graft retention and avoiding severe complications. This new strategy may improve the quality of lipoaspirates for patients requiring large-volume augmentation., (Copyright © 2021 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)
- Published
- 2021
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20. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Food Ingredients on Mice Adipose Tissues and Adipocytes.
- Author
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Chikako Kiyose
- Subjects
ADIPOSE tissues ,FAT cells ,BASIL ,FAT ,HIGH-fat diet ,VITAMIN E ,WEIGHT loss ,MICE - Abstract
In 2021, we published three papers related to the anti-inflammatory effects of food ingredients. The present paper reports the effects of vitamin E homologs and sweet basil powder. In these papers, we investigated whether inflammation occurs in the adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 16 weeks. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression was significantly higher in the epididymal fat of the high-fat and high-sucrose diet group than in that of the control diet group. However, the addition of α-tocopherol or δ-tocopherol to the diet could not restrain the inflammation of mice epididymal fats. Thereafter, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of α- and δ-tocopherols using the co-cultured cells. Consequently, we clarified that δ-tocopherol inhibited the increase in the gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines. We also examined the effect of sweet basil powder on a similar obese mice model. The final body weight in the high-fat and high-sucrose group that received sweet basil powder was significantly lower than that in the high-fat and high-sucrose diet group. Liver weights were also significantly lower in the high-fat and high-sucrose diet group that received sweet basil powder than in the high-fat and high-sucrose diet group, although adipose tissue weights were unchanged in both groups. Furthermore, sweet basil powder tended to inhibit in lipid synthesis in the mice livers. Therefore, we suggested that sweet basil powder inhibited fatty acid synthesis in mice livers, thereby suppressing liver enlargement, and resulting in body weight loss. Moreover, the gene expression of MCP-1 in the adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet added with sweet basil powder was significantly lower than that of mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 12 weeks. Therefore, sweet basil powder inhibited inflammation onset in the adipose tissue of mice. Taken together, the results suggested that food ingredients, especially vitamin E homologs and sweet basil powder, have anti-inflammatory effects on mice adipose tissue and mice adipocyte-induced inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Adipose tissue plays a major role in retinoic acid-mediated metabolic homoeostasis
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Shenglong Zhu, Jingwei Zhang, Doudou Zhu, Xuan Jiang, Lengyun Wei, Wei Wang, and Yong Q. Chen
- Subjects
Histology ,QH573-671 ,Physiology ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ,Thermogenesis ,Tretinoin ,Cell Biology ,Diet, High-Fat ,Lipid Metabolism ,RC648-665 ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Adipose Tissue ,retinoic acid ,Animals ,QP1-981 ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Cytology ,Research Article ,Research Paper ,adipose tissues - Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, has shown therapeutic effects in liver disease, and its effect in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the inhibition of adipogenesis in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and fatty acid oxidation induction in the liver. However, the major target organ of RA is unknown. We performed chronic administration of RA in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice. Further, hepatic and adipose cells were used to study the direct effect of RA on lipid metabolism. In addition, qRT-PCR was performed to examine differential gene expression in mouse adipose tissue. RA administration ameliorated NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice and increased mouse energy expenditure. Although RA had therapeutic effects on liver histology and lipid accumulation, it did not directly affect lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. In contrast, RA reduced the weight of several adipose tissues and improved lipid accumulation in OP9 cells. In addition, RA upregulated genes responsible for fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis in three different WATs. Our work suggests that the liver may not be the main target organ of RA during NAFLD treatment. WAT browning induced by RA may be the primary contributor towards the amelioration of NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice.
- Published
- 2022
22. A Straightforward Method for Adipocyte Size and Count Analysis Using Open-source Software QuPath
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Ville A Palomäki, Vesa Koivukangas, Sanna Meriläinen, Petri Lehenkari, and Tuomo J Karttunen
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Adipocyte size ,obesity ,Histology ,qupath ,QH573-671 ,Physiology ,Qupath ,adipocyte size ,imagej ,Cell Biology ,Adipocyte Tools ,fat cell size ,RC648-665 ,ImageJ ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Adipocytes ,Humans ,QP1-981 ,adipocyte tools ,Cytology ,Software ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Changes in adipose tissue morphology, depicted by cell morphology alterations such as enlargement of fat cells, always accompany over-weight and obesity. The variables related to cell size have been shown to associate with low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue and common obesity-related comorbidities including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Quantifying fat cell morphology from images of histological specimens can be tedious. Here, we present a straightforward method for the task using the free open-source software QuPath with its inbuilt tools only. Measurements of human adipose tissue samples with the described protocol showed an excellent correlation with those obtained with ImageJ software with Adipocyte Tools plugin combined with manual correction of misdetections. Intraclass correlation between the two methods was at good to excellent level. The method described here can be applied to considerably large tissue areas, even whole-slide analysis.
- Published
- 2022
23. The mechanisms underlying olanzapine-induced insulin resistance via the brown adipose tissue and the therapy in rats
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Jing, Wang, Qian, Wu, Yuan, Zhou, Liangyu, Yu, Lixiu, Yu, Yahui, Deng, Chuyue, Tu, and Weiyong, Li
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Histology ,QH573-671 ,Physiology ,olanzapine ,brown adipose tissue ,Cell Biology ,RC648-665 ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Rats ,Adipose Tissue ,Adipose Tissue, Brown ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,insulin resistance ,Animals ,Insulin ,QP1-981 ,gegen qinlian decoction ,Cytology ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
A rapid increase has been observed in insulin resistance (IR) incidence induced by a long-term olanzapine treatment with no better ways to avoid it. Our study aimed to demonstrate the mechanism underlying the olanzapine-induced insulin resistance and find appropriate drug interventions. In this study, firstly, we constructed rat insulin resistance model using a two-month gavage of olanzapine and used the main active ingredient mixture of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for the treatment. The activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was measured using the PET/CT scan, whereas Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of GLUT4 and UCP1. The results showed that the long-term administration of olanzapine impaired glucose tolerance and produced insulin resistance in rats, while Gegen Qinlian Decoction could improve this side effect. The results of the PET/CT scan showed that the BAT activity in the insulin-resistant rats was significantly lower than that of the Gegen Qinlian Decoction treated rats. Also, the expression of GLUT4 and UCP1 in the insulin resistance group showed a significant decrease, which could be up-regulated by Gegen Qinliane Decoction treatment. The results of both in vivo and in vitro experiments were consistent. we demonstrated that the olanzapine could induce IR in vitro and in vivo by decreasing the expression of UCP1; thus, suppressing the thermogenesis of BAT and impairing glucose uptake. More importantly, we demonstrated a possible novel strategy to improve the olanzapine-induced IR by Gegen Qinlian Decoction.
- Published
- 2022
24. Long-term in vivo survival of 3D-bioprinted human lipoaspirate-derived adipose tissue: proteomic signature and cellular content
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Karin Säljö, Peter Apelgren, Linnea Stridh Orrhult, Susann Li, Matteo Amoroso, Paul Gatenholm, and Lars Kölby
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3d bioprinting ,Histology ,QH573-671 ,Physiology ,flow cytometry ,Mice, Nude ,adipose-derived stem cells/ascs ,Cell Biology ,endothelial progenitor cells/epcs ,RC648-665 ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Mice ,proteomics ,Adipose Tissue ,lipoaspirate-derived adipose tissue ,Animals ,Humans ,QP1-981 ,Cytology ,Research Article ,Research Paper ,Endothelial Progenitor Cells ,Secretome - Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted lipoaspirate-derived adipose tissue (LAT) is a potential alternative to lipo-injection for correcting soft-tissue defects. This study investigated the long-term in vivo survival of 3D-bioprinted LAT and its proteomic signature and cellular composition. We performed proteomic and multicolour flow cytometric analyses on the lipoaspirate and 3D-bioprinted LAT constructs were transplanted into nude mice, followed by explantation after up to 150 days. LAT contained adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), pericytes, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells. Proteomic analysis identified 6,067 proteins, including pericyte markers, adipokines, ASC secretome proteins, proangiogenic proteins and proteins involved in adipocyte differentiation and developmental morphogenic signalling, as well as proteins not previously described in human subcutaneous fat. 3D-bioprinted LAT survived for 150 days in vivo with preservation of the construct shape and size. Furthermore, we identified human blood vessels after 30 and 150 days in vivo, indicating angiogenesis from capillaries. These results showed that LAT has a favourable proteomic signature, contains ASCs, EPCs and blood vessels that survive 3D bioprinting and can potentially facilitate angiogenesis and successful autologous fat grafting in soft-tissue reconstruction.
- Published
- 2022
25. Adipose-Derived exosome from Diet-Induced-Obese mouse attenuates LPS-Induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and Apoptosis: In vivo and in silico insight.
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Wang F, Zeng L, Chi Y, Yao S, Zheng Z, Peng S, Wang X, and Chen K
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- Animals, Mice, Male, Inflammation, Disease Models, Animal, Lung pathology, Lung immunology, Humans, Mice, Obese, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Acute Lung Injury immunology, Acute Lung Injury chemically induced, Exosomes metabolism, Apoptosis, MicroRNAs metabolism, MicroRNAs genetics, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Obesity, Lipopolysaccharides, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Cytokines metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical condition in the intensive care units, and obesity is a high risk of ALI. Paradoxically, obese ALI patients had better prognosis than non-obese patients, and the mechanism remains largely unknown., Methods: Mouse models of ALI and diet-induced-obesity (DIO) were used to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from adipose tissue. The adipose-derived exosomes (ADEs) were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and the role of exosomal miRNAs in the ALI was studied., Results: Compared with ADEs of control mice (C-Exo), ADEs of DIO mice (D-Exo) increased survival rate and mitigated pulmonary lesions of ALI mice. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the target genes of 40 differentially expressed miRNAs between D-Exo and C-Exo were mainly involved with inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle. Furthermore, the D-Exo treatment significantly decreased Ly6G
+ cell infiltration, down-regulated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, MCP-1) and chemokines (IL-8 and MIP-2), reduced pulmonary apoptosis and arrest at G0 G1 phase (P < 0.01). And the protective effects of D-Exo were better than those of C-Exo (P < 0.05). Compared with the C-Exo mice, the levels of miR-16-5p and miR-335-3p in the D-Exo mice were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), and the expressions of IKBKB and TNFSF10, respective target of miR-16-5p and miR-335-3p by bioinformatic analysis, were significantly down-regulated in the D-Exo mice (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Exosomes derived from adipose tissue of DIO mice are potent to attenuate LPS-induced ALI, which could be contributed by exosome-carried miRNAs. Our data shed light on the interaction between obesity and ALI., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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26. Nontarget and suspect screening reveals the presence of multiple plastic-related compounds in polar bear, killer whale, narwhal and long-finned pilot whale blubber from East Greenland.
- Author
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Pedersen AF, Bayen S, Liu L, Dietz R, Sonne C, Rosing-Asvid A, Ferguson SH, and McKinney MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Greenland, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Arctic Regions, Ursidae, Environmental Monitoring methods, Plastics analysis, Whales, Pilot, Adipose Tissue chemistry, Whale, Killer
- Abstract
The monitoring of legacy contaminants in sentinel northern marine mammals has revealed some of the highest concentrations globally. However, investigations into the presence of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) and other lesser-known chemicals are rarely conducted, if at all. Here, we used a nontarget/suspect approach to screen for thousands of different chemicals, including many CEACs and plastic-related compounds (PRCs) in blubber/adipose from killer whales (Orcinus orca), narwhals (Monodon monoceros), long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in East Greenland. 138 compounds were tentatively identified mostly as PRCs, and four were confirmed using authentic standards: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP), and one antioxidant (Irganox 1010). Three other PRCs, a nonylphenol isomer, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, and dioctyl sebacate, exhibited fragmentation patterns matching those in library databases. While phthalates were only above detection limits in some polar bear and narwhal, Irganox 1010, nonylphenol, and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol were detected in >50% of all samples. This study represents the first application of a nontarget/suspect screening approach in Arctic cetaceans, leading to the identification of multiple PRCs in their blubber. Further nontarget analyses are warranted to comprehensively characterize the extent of CEAC and PRC contamination within Arctic marine food webs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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27. Gel microspheres enhance the stemness of ADSCs by regulating cell-ECM interaction.
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He Q, Liao Y, Zhang H, Sun W, Zhou W, Lin J, Zhang T, Xie S, Wu H, Han J, Zhang Y, Wei W, Li C, Hong Y, Shen W, and Ouyang H
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Extracellular Matrix metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Tissue Scaffolds chemistry, Gels chemistry, Chondrogenesis, Osteogenesis, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Microspheres, Mesenchymal Stem Cells cytology, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Adipose Tissue cytology, Cell Differentiation
- Abstract
The gel microsphere culture system (GMCS) showed various advantages for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expansion and delivery, such as high specific surface area, small and regular shape, extensive adjustability, and biomimetic properties. Although various technologies and materials have been developed to promote the development of gel microspheres, the differences in the biological status of MSCs between the GMCS and the traditional Petri dish culture system (PDCS) are still unknown, hindering gel microspheres from becoming a culture system as widely used as petri dishes. In the previous study, an excellent "all-in-one" GMCS has been established for the expansion of human adipose-derived MSCs (hADSCs), which showed convenient cell culture operation. Here, we performed transcriptome and proteome sequencing on hADSCs cultured on the "all-in-one" GMCS and the PDCS. We found that hADSCs cultured in the GMCS kept in an undifferentiation status with a high stemness index, whose transcriptome profile is closer to the adipose progenitor cells (APCs) in vivo than those cultured in the PDCS. Further, the high stemness status of hADSCs in the GMCS was maintained through regulating cell-ECM interaction. For application, bilayer scaffolds were constructed by osteo- and chondro-differentiation of hADSCs cultured in the GMCS and the PDCS. The effect of osteochondral regeneration of the bilayer scaffolds in the GMCS group was better than that in the PDCS group. This study revealed the high stemness and excellent functionality of MSCs cultured in the GMCS, which promoted the application of gel microspheres in cell culture and tissue regeneration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Hongwei Ouyang reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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28. Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis identifies a novel FKBP5+ endothelial cell subtype involved in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in adipose tissue during aging.
- Author
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Chen S, Pan X, Gao P, and Wu F
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Mice, Adipocytes metabolism, Adipocytes cytology, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Single-Cell Analysis methods, Tacrolimus Binding Proteins metabolism, Tacrolimus Binding Proteins genetics, Transcriptome, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Adipose Tissue cytology, Aging metabolism, Aging genetics, Endothelial Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Age-associated adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction is multifactorial and often leads to detrimental health consequences. AT is highly vascularized and endothelial cells (ECs) has been recently identified as a key regulator in the homeostasis of AT. However, the alteration of cell composition in AT during aging and the communication between endothelial cells and adipocytes remain poorly understood. In this study, we take advantage of single nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, and discovered a group of FKBP5+ ECs specifically resident in aged AT. Of interest, FKBP5+ ECs exhibited the potential for endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and exhibited a critical role in regulating adipocytes. Furthermore, lineage tracing experiments demonstrated that ECs in aged AT tend to express FKBP5 and undergo EndoMT with progressive loss of endothelial marker. This study may provide a basis for a new mechanism of microvascular ECs-induced AT dysfunction during aging., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
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29. Angiopoietin-like growth factor-derived peptides as biological activators of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.
- Author
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Schumacher A, Mucha P, Puchalska I, Deptuła M, Wardowska A, Tymińska A, Filipowicz N, Mieczkowska A, Sachadyn P, Piotrowski A, Pikuła M, and Cichorek M
- Subjects
- Humans, Cell Survival drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Peptides pharmacology, Cell Movement drug effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Cytokines metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cells drug effects, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Adipose Tissue cytology, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Angiopoietin-like Proteins metabolism, Chondrogenesis drug effects
- Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) are an essential issue in modern medicine. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, including AD-MSCs, have specific properties (ability to differentiate into other cells, recruitment to the site of injury) of particular importance in the regenerative process. Ongoing research aims to elucidate factors supporting AD-MSC culture and differentiation in vitro. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), known for their pleiotropic effects in lipid and glucose metabolism, may play a significant role in this context. Regeneration is a complex and dynamic process controlled by many factors. ANGPTL6 (Angiopoietin-related growth factor, AGF), among many activities modulated the biological activity of stem cells. This study examined the influence of synthesized AGF-derived peptides, designated as AGF9 and AGF27, on AD-MSCs. AGF9 and AGF27 enhanced the viability and migration of AD-MSCs and acted as a chemotactic factor for these cells. AGF9 stimulated chondrogenesis and lipid synthesis during AD-MSCs differentiation, influenced AD-MSCs cytokine secretion and modulated transcriptome for such basic cell activities as migration, transport of molecules, and apoptosis. The ability of AGF9 to modulate the biological activity of AD-MSCs warrants the consideration of this peptide a noteworthy therapeutic agent that deserves further investigation for applications in regenerative medicine., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: M. Pikula, P. Sachadyn, A. Piotrowski reports financial support was provided by National Centre for Research and Development. P. Mucha, I. Puchalska, M. Pikula, A. Schumacher, M. Cichorek, A. Wardowska, M. Deptula, A. Piotrowski, N. Filipowicz, P. Sachadyn has patent #Patent number: PL236332 B1, 28 Dec 2020 issued to assignee. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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30. Unveiling therapeutic potential: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in the management of diabetes mellitus, wound healing, and chronic ulcers.
- Author
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Ahmadieh-Yazdi A, Karimi M, Afkhami E, Hajizadeh-Tafti F, Kuchakzadeh F, Yang P, and Sheykhhasan M
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Chronic Disease, Ulcer therapy, Exosomes transplantation, Exosomes metabolism, Wound Healing physiology, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Adipose Tissue cytology, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus therapy, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation methods
- Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pervasive global health issue with substantial morbidity and mortality, often resulting in secondary complications, including diabetic wounds (DWs). These wounds, arising from hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, anemia, and ischemia, afflict approximately 15% of diabetic patients, with a considerable 25% at risk of lower limb amputations. The conventional approaches for chronic and diabetic wounds management involves utilizing various therapeutic substances and techniques, encompassing growth factors, skin substitutes and wound dressings. In parallel, emerging cell therapy approaches, notably involving adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), have demonstrated significant promise in addressing diabetes mellitus and its complications. ADMSCs play a pivotal role in wound repair, and their derived exosomes have garnered attention for their therapeutic potential. This review aimed to unravel the potential mechanisms and provide an updated overview of the role of ADMSCs and their exosomes in diabetes mellitus and its associated complications, with a specific focus on wound healing., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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31. Epicardial adipose tissue attenuation on computed tomography in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction: A pilot, hypothesis generating study.
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Patel NH, Dave EK, Fatade YA, De Cecco CN, Ko YA, Chen Y, Sharma A, Rashid F, Vatsa N, Samady H, Toleva O, Quyyumi A, Mehta PK, and Stillman AE
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Aged, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Microvessels diagnostic imaging, Microvessels physiopathology, Predictive Value of Tests, Vascular Calcification diagnostic imaging, Vascular Calcification physiopathology, Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Pericardium diagnostic imaging, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Coronary Artery Disease physiopathology, Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging, Coronary Vessels physiopathology, Computed Tomography Angiography, Microcirculation, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Angiography
- Abstract
Background: Patients with myocardial ischemia without obstructive coronary artery disease often have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and associated increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and anginal hospitalizations. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) covers much of the myocardium and coronary arteries and when dysfunctional, secretes proinflammatory cytokines and is associated with CV events. While oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are associated with CMD, the relationship between EAT and CMD in women is not well known., Methods: Women diagnosed with CMD (n = 21) who underwent coronary computed tomography with coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring were compared to a reference group (RG) of women referred for CAC screening for preventive risk assessment (n = 181). EAT attenuation (Hounsfield units (HU)) was measured adjacent to the proximal right coronary artery, along with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). Two-sample t-tests with unequal variances were utilized., Results: Mean age of the CMD group was 56 ± 8 years and body mass index (BMI) was 31.6 ± 6.8 kg/m
2 . CV risk factors in the CMD group were prevalent: 67 % hypertension, 44 % hyperlipidemia, and 33 % diabetes. Both CMD and RG had similar CAC score (25.86 ± 59.54 vs. 24.17 ± 104.6; p = 0.21. In the CMD group, 67 % had a CAC of 0. Minimal atherosclerosis (CAD-RADS 1) was present in 76 % of women with CMD. The CMD group had lower EAT attenuation than RG (-103.3 ± 6.33 HU vs. -97.9 ± 8.3 HU, p = 0.009, respectively). There were no differences in SCAT attenuation. Hypertension, smoking history, age, BMI, and CAC score did not correlate with EAT in either of the groups., Conclusions: Women with CMD have decreased EAT attenuation compared to RG women. EAT-mediated inflammation and changes in vascular tone may be a mechanistic contributor to abnormal microvascular reactivity. Clinical trials testing therapeutic strategies to decrease EAT may be warranted in the management of CMD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Puja K. Mehta reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Carlo N. De Cecco reports a relationship with Siemens Healthineers that includes: funding grants. Carlo N. De Cecco reports a relationship with Covanos, Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Carlo N. De Cecco reports a relationship with Bayer that includes: consulting or advisory. Carlo N. De Cecco reports a relationship with Xeos that includes: consulting or advisory. Habib Samady reports a relationship with Philips and Abbott Vascular that includes: consulting or advisory. Habib Samady reports a relationship with Covanos, Inc. that includes: equity or stocks. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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32. Stability and accuracy of fat quantification on photon-counting detector CT with various scan settings: A phantom study.
- Author
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Zhang X, Bao S, Wang M, Xu Z, Yan F, and Yang W
- Subjects
- Reproducibility of Results, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Radiation Dosage, Humans, Phantoms, Imaging, Photons, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objective: Fat deposition is an important marker of many metabolic diseases. As a noninvasive and convenient examination method, CT has been widely used for fat quantification. With the clinical application of photon-counting detector (PCD)-CT, we aimed to investigate the accuracy, stability, and dose level of PCD-CT using various scan settings for fat quantification., Materials and Methods: Eleven agar-based lipid-containing phantoms (vials with different fat fractions [FFs]; range: 0 %-100 %) were scanned using PCD-CT. Three scanning types (sequence scan, regular spiral scan with a pitch of 0.8, and high-pitch spiral scan with a pitch of 3.2), four tube voltages (90, 120, 140, and 100 kV with a tin filter), and three image quality (IQ) levels (IQ levels of 20, 40, and 80) were alternated, and each scan setting was used twice. For each scan, a 70-keV image was generated using the same reconstruction parameters. A regular spiral scan at 120 kV with IQ80 was used to transfer the CT numbers of all scans to the FF. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis were implemented for accuracy and agreement evaluation, and group differences were compared using analysis of variance., Results: Excellent agreement and accuracy of FF derived by PCD-CT with all scan settings was demonstrated by high ICCs (>0.9; range: 0.929-0.998, p < 0.017) and low bias (<5% range: -2.9 %-5%). The root mean square error (RMSE) between the PCD-CT-acquired FF and the reference standard ranged from 1.0 % to 5.0 %, among which the high-pitch scan at 120 kV with IQ20 accounted for the lowest RMSE (1.0 %). The spiral scan at 120 kV with IQ20 and IQ80 yielded the lowest bias (mean value: 1.19 % and 1.23 %, respectively)., Conclusion: Fat quantification using PCD-CT reconstructed at 70 keV was accurate and stable under various scan settings. PCD-CT has great potential for fat quantification using ultralow radiation doses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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33. Dietary supplementation with black cricket (Gryllus assimilis) reverses protein-energy malnutrition and modulates renin-angiotensin system expression in adipose tissue.
- Author
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Ribeiro GHM, Guimarães VHD, Teixeira HADS, Farias LC, Guimarães ALS, de Paula AMB, and Santos SHS
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Mice, Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Dietary Supplements, Gryllidae, Protein-Energy Malnutrition metabolism, Protein-Energy Malnutrition diet therapy, Adipose Tissue metabolism
- Abstract
Edible insects are recognized as promising food sources due to their nutritional composition. Some species, such as Gryllus assimilis, contain proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of high biological value, which regulate several metabolic functions, including the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). In this context, the present study aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with whole Gryllus assimilis powder on the metabolism of malnourished mice. Thirty-two male Swiss mice were used and divided into four treatment groups. The groups were identified as (AIN93-M); AIN93-M + Gryllus assimilis diet (AIN93-M + GA); AIN93-M + Renutrition diet (AIN93-M + REN) and AIN93-M + Renutrition diet + Gryllus assimilis (AIN93-M + REN + GA). The results showed that whole Gryllus assimilis powder inclusion promotes recovery from protein-energy malnutrition, reduces adiposity, and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. It also reduces total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and adipocyte area. We also observed a significant increase in the expression of RAS-related genes, such as ACE2 and MasR, followed by a reduction in Angiotensinogen and ACE. The main findings of the present study suggest the use of black cricket as a viable strategy for the prevention and treatment of protein-energy malnutrition, as well as the reduction of adiposity, and improvement of lipid and glycemic parameters, with antihypertensive potential., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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34. Integrins play a role in stress relaxation of perivascular adipose tissue.
- Author
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Watts SW, Thompson JM, Bhattacharya S, Panda V, Terrian L, Contreras A, and Nault R
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Rats, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Integrins metabolism, Aorta, Thoracic metabolism, Collagen metabolism, Rats, Inbred Dahl
- Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is known for being anti-contractile in healthy tissues. We discovered a new function of PVAT, the ability to stress relax and maintain a tone in response to a stretch. This is of note because stress relaxation has been attributed to smooth muscle, of which PVAT has none that is organized in a functional layer. We test the hypothesis the interactions of integrins with collagen play a role in stress relaxation. Our model is the thoracic aorta of the male Dahl SS rat. The PVAT and aorta were physically separated for most assays. Results from single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) experiments, histochemistry and isometric contractility were also used. Masson Trichrome staining made evident the expression of collagen in PVAT. From snRNA seq experiments of the PVAT, mRNA for multiple collagen and integrin isoforms were detected: the α
1 and β1 integrin were most highly expressed. Pharmacological inhibition of integrin/collagen interaction was effected by the specific α1β1 distintegrin obtustatin or general integrin inhibitor RGD peptide. RGD peptide but not obtustatin increased the stress relaxation. Cell-cell communication inference identified integrins αv and α5, two major RGD motif containing isoforms, as potential signaling partners of collagens. Collectively, these findings validate that stress relaxation can occur in a non-smooth muscle tissue, doing so in part through integrin-collagen interactions that may not include α1β1 heterodimers. The importance of this lies in considering PVAT as a vascular layer that possesses mechanical functions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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35. The characterization of metabolic changes in adipose tissues and muscles due to different exercise intensities by Dixon in healthy young men.
- Author
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Li L, Zhou Z, Fang J, Liu D, Deng C, Chen Y, Ahasan Z, Zhu W, and Cai K
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Young Adult, Adult, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Muscle, Skeletal diagnostic imaging, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Exercise physiology, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Adipose Tissue metabolism
- Abstract
Purpose: To delineate the alterations in adipose and muscle tissue composition and functionality among healthy young men across varying exercise intensities, which help to elucidate the impact of exercise intensity on weight management and inform fitness planning., Method: 3D Dixon MRI scans were performed on the neck and supraclavicular area in 10 high-intensity exercises (HIE) athletes, 20 moderate intensity exercises (MIE) athletes and 19 low-intensity exercises non-athlete male controls (NCM). Twelve imaging parameters, including the total volume of muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the mean fat-water fraction (FWF) within these tissues. Additionally, ratios of BAT or WAT to total fat (BATr or WATr) and the proportions of muscle, BAT, or WAT to total tissue volume (Musp, BATp, and WATp) were calculated. Parameters were compared across groups and correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waistline, and hipline., Results: The HIE group exhibited the highest total muscle (totalMUS) and brown adipose tissue (totalBAT) volumes among the three groups. Conversely, the NCM group had significantly higher fwfFAT and fwfBAT values. The MUSp was higher in the HIE and MIE groups compared to NCM, while the BATp and WATp were lower. Furthermore, the BATr in HIE and MIE groups were higher than NCM group while the WATr were lower. Significant linear relationships were observed between totalBAT, totalWAT, MUSp, BATr, fwfFAT, and BMI, waistline (P < 0.05) across all groups., Conclusions: MIE is sufficient for the purpose of weight control, While HIE helps to further increase the muscle mass. All three physical indexes were significantly associated with the image parameters, with waistline emerging as the most effective indicator for detecting metabolic changes across all groups., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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36. First data on polybrominated diphenyl ethers and temporal trend of polychlorinated biphenyls in European brown bear as a bioindicator species.
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Jagić K, Dvoršćak M, Sergiel A, Oster E, Lazarus M, and Klinčić D
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- Animals, Male, Persistent Organic Pollutants metabolism, Croatia, Environmental Pollutants metabolism, Environmental Pollutants analysis, Polychlorinated Biphenyls analysis, Polychlorinated Biphenyls metabolism, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers metabolism, Ursidae metabolism, Environmental Monitoring, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Adipose Tissue chemistry
- Abstract
The contamination status on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Croatian terrestrial ecosystem was investigated by analyzing two classes of contaminants in adipose tissue of male European brown bear (Ursus arctos, N = 27) collected in 2021 and 2022. In addition to seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), for the first time seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in terrestrial species from this region. Sum of mass fractions detected in adipose tissue ranged from 0.011 to 0.463 ng g
-1 lipid weight (lw) for the PBDEs, and from 0.652 to 30.17 ng g-1 lw for PCBs, with two orders of magnitude difference in the median value for these two groups of POPs (PBDEs: 0.022 ng g-1 lw; PCBs: 2.307 ng g-1 lw). PCBs dominated over PBDEs with a share of over 94 % of the total mass fractions of both groups of analyzed POPs. Results of the comparison of the PCB levels in the adipose tissue of brown bears reported here and in previous investigation from this region showed decrease in PCB-28, but increase of PCB-118 and PCB-180, while other congeners seemed to have reached a steady-state level in the environment over a ten-year period. Among the compounds analyzed in this study, BDE-47, PCB-153 and PCB-180 were the dominant congeners. Somewhat higher sum of PCBs was measured in April compared to October, although not statistically significant, indicating possible impact of winter hibernation causing concentration of lipophilic compounds due to body fat loss. Revealed POP levels in brown bears are consistent with the data on the low contamination of the Croatian terrestrial ecosystem in general., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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37. Research progress of orbital fat in histology and cytology: A review.
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Li C, Gao S, and Gao W
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- Humans, Stem Cells, Cytology, Adipose Tissue cytology, Orbit anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Orbital fat is an adipose tissue located behind orbital septum and originates from mesoderm and neural crest in ectoderm. It has been found that the histologic structure of orbital fat is different from subcutaneous and visceral fat. In addition, the regeneration and anti-inflammatory ability of stem cells derived from orbital fat have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper reviews the recent research progress on orbital fat, including its structure, origin, histological characteristics, and related stem cells., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
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38. Interrelation of adipose tissue macrophages and fibrosis in obesity.
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Dahdah N, Tercero-Alcázar C, Malagón MM, Garcia-Roves PM, and Guzmán-Ruiz R
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- Humans, Animals, Obesity metabolism, Obesity pathology, Obesity immunology, Macrophages metabolism, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages pathology, Macrophages physiology, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Adipose Tissue pathology, Adipose Tissue immunology, Fibrosis
- Abstract
Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue expansion, extracellular matrix remodelling and unresolved inflammation that contribute to insulin resistance and fibrosis. Adipose tissue macrophages represent the most abundant class of immune cells in adipose tissue inflammation and could be key mediators of adipocyte dysfunction and fibrosis in obesity. Although macrophage activation states are classically defined by the M1/M2 polarization nomenclature, novel studies have revealed a more complex range of macrophage phenotypes in response to external condition or the surrounding microenvironment. Here, we discuss the plasticity of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in response to their microenvironment in obesity, with special focus on macrophage infiltration and polarization, and their contribution to adipose tissue fibrosis. A better understanding of the role of ATMs as regulators of adipose tissue remodelling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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39. The sex-dependent impact of adipose tissue and inflammation on chronic pain - A cross-sectional study from the all of us research program.
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Berwal D, Branisteanu DD, Glickman M, Sagar A, and Pilitsis JG
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- Humans, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Waist Circumference, Adult, Biomarkers blood, Biomarkers metabolism, United States epidemiology, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Aged, Obesity complications, Chronic Pain, Inflammation, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Leptin blood, Leptin metabolism, Interleukin-6 blood, Interleukin-6 metabolism, C-Reactive Protein metabolism
- Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an association between chronic pain and elevated body fat. We sought to determine if individuals with higher body fat, measured by hip circumference (HC) and waist circumference (WC), are at risk for chronic pain when they demonstrate higher expression of inflammatory markers. We investigated the incidence and severity of pain in patients with varying WC/HC and inflammatory markers (C-Reactive Protein, IL-6, leptin) using the NIH-sponsored All of Us Database. For each inflammatory marker and sex, participants were divided into four groups based on combinations of normal/high marker levels and small/large WC/HC. We used statistical analysis to compare WC/HC and pain severity (mean NRS pain score) between groups of the same sex. In females, but not males, combinations of elevated CRP with large WC/HC exerted additive effects on the incidence of chronic pain (p < 0.01) and severe pain (p < 0.001), as well as on the severity of pain evaluated by the mean NRS pain score (p < 0.01). This relationship held true for females with high IL-6 or leptin and large WC or HC (p < 0.001 for chronic pain and severe pain incidence, and p < 0.05 for pain severity). Neither IL-6 nor leptin showed any significant impact on pain in males. Obesity status and CRP exert additive prognostic effects for chronic pain in females, but not in males. The concomitant evaluation of other inflammatory factors, such as IL-6 or leptin in females, may further augment the prediction of chronic pain. PERSPECTIVE: This article investigates the relationship between chronic pain, obesity, and inflammatory markers. It could help elucidating sex difference in pain mechanisms, as well as the risk factors for chronic pain, potentially improving patient diagnosis, follow-up and treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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40. Predicting the presence of adherent perinephric fat using MRI radiomics combined with machine learning.
- Author
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Le BD, Heo SH, Chung HS, and Park I
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- Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Kidney diagnostic imaging, Adult, Algorithms, Radiomics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Machine Learning, Kidney Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Carcinoma, Renal Cell diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objectives: Adherent perinephric fat (APF) poses significant challenges to surgical procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of machine learning algorithms combined with MRI-based radiomics features for predicting the presence of APF., Materials and Methods: Patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent surgery between April 2019 and February 2022 at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital were retrospectively screened, and 119 patients included. Twenty-one and seventeen patients were set aside for the internal and external test sets, respectively. Pre-operative T1-weighted MRI acquired at 60 s following a contrast injection (T1w-60) were collected. For each T1w-60 data, two regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn: the perinephric fat tissue and an aorta segment on the same level as the targeted kidney. Preprocessing steps included resizing voxels, N4 Bias Correction filtering, and aorta-based normalization. For each patient, 851 radiomics features were extracted from the ROI of perinephric fat tissue. Gender and BMI were added as clinical factors. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator was adopted for feature selection. We trained and evaluated five models using a 4-fold cross validation. The final model was chosen based on the highest mean AUC across four folds. The performance of the final model was evaluated on the internal and external test sets., Results: A total of 15 features were selected in the final set. The final model achieved the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 81% (95% confidence interval, 61.9-95.2%), 72.7% (42.9-100%), 90% (66.7-100%), and 0.855 (0.615-1.0), respectively on the internal test set, and 88.2% (70.6-100%), 100% (100-100%), 80% (50%-100%), 0.971 (0.871-1.0), respectively on the external test set., Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of machine learning algorithms trained with MRI-based radiomics features for APF prediction. Further studies with a multi-center approach are necessary to validate our findings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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41. Passive mechanical properties of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from C57BL/6J mice.
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Cesanelli L, Minderis P, Degens H, and Satkunskiene D
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Biomechanical Phenomena, Mechanical Phenomena, Male, Stress, Mechanical, Elastic Modulus, Mechanical Tests, Materials Testing, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscle, Skeletal physiology, Adipose Tissue
- Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are characterized by unique structural features finely tuned to meet specific functional demands. In this study, we investigated the passive mechanical properties of soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm (DIA) muscles, as well as subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues from 13 C57BL/6J mice. Thereto, alongside stress-relaxation assessments we subjected isolated muscles and adipose tissues (ATs) to force-extension tests up to 10% and 30% of their optimal length, respectively. Peak passive stress was highest in the DIA, followed by the SOL and lowest in the EDL (p < 0.05). SOL displayed also the highest Young's modulus and hysteresis among muscles (p < 0.05). BAT demonstrated highest peak passive stress and Young's modulus followed by VAT (p < 0.05), while SAT showed the highest hysteresis (p < 0.05). When comparing data across all six biological specimens at fixed passive force intervals (i.e., 20-40 and 50-70 mN), skeletal muscles exhibited significantly higher peak stresses and strains than ATs (p < 0.05). Young's modulus was higher in skeletal muscles than in ATs (p < 0.05). Muscle specimens exhibited slower force relaxation in the first phase compared to ATs (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in behavior between muscles and AT in the second phase of relaxation. The study revealed distinctive mechanical behaviors specific to different tissues, and even between different muscles and ATs. These variations in mechanical properties are likely such to optimize the specific functions performed by each biological tissue., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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42. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: Evidence of an altered plasma and urine sulfurome, and a novel metabolic signature that correlates with loss of fat mass and adipose tissue gene expression.
- Author
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Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Barvíková K, Stolt E, Lee-Ødegård S, Troensegaard H, Johannessen H, Elshorbagy A, Sokolová J, Krijt J, Křížková M, Ditrói T, Nagy P, Øvrebø B, Refsum H, Thoresen M, Retterstøl K, and Kožich V
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Metabolome, Gene Expression Regulation, Obesity metabolism, Obesity genetics, Overweight metabolism, Overweight genetics, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Amino Acids, Sulfur metabolism, Amino Acids, Sulfur blood
- Abstract
Background: In animals, dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health, possibly mediated by altering sulfur amino acid metabolism and enhanced anti-obesogenic processes in adipose tissue., Aim: To assess the effects of SAAR over time on the plasma and urine SAA-related metabolites (sulfurome) in humans with overweight and obesity, and explore whether such changes were associated with body weight, body fat and adipose tissue gene expression., Methods: Fifty-nine subjects were randomly allocated to SAAR (∼2 g SAA, n = 31) or a control diet (∼5.6 g SAA, n = 28) consisting of plant-based whole-foods and supplemented with capsules to titrate contents of SAA. Sulfurome metabolites in plasma and urine at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks were measured using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. mRNA-sequencing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) was performed to assess changes in gene expression. Data were analyzed with mixed model regression. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on the sulfurome data to identify potential signatures characterizing the response to SAAR., Results: SAAR led to marked decrease of the main urinary excretion product sulfate (p < 0.001) and plasma and/or 24-h urine concentrations of cystathionine, sulfite, thiosulfate, H
2 S, hypotaurine and taurine. PCA revealed a distinct metabolic signature related to decreased transsulfuration and H2 S catabolism that predicted greater weight loss and android fat mass loss in SAAR vs. controls (all pinteraction < 0.05). This signature correlated positively with scWAT expression of genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport and β-oxidation (FDR = 0.02)., Conclusion: SAAR leads to distinct alterations of the plasma and urine sulfurome in humans, and predicted increased loss of weight and android fat mass, and adipose tissue lipolytic gene expression in scWAT. Our data suggest that SAA are linked to obesogenic processes and that SAAR may be useful for obesity and related disorders. TRIAL IDENTIFIER: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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43. Celebrating a decade of exercise physiology and metabolism research in physiological reports.
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Wright, David C., Cheng, Arthur J., and MacPherson, Rebecca E. K.
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EXERCISE physiology ,METABOLISM ,GUT microbiome ,SKELETAL muscle ,GENE expression - Abstract
During its first decade of life, Physiological Reports has become a home for well‐conceived and rigorously performed exercise physiology and metabolism studies. The breadth of research within this area is impressive, covering exercise‐induced increases in skeletal muscle gene expression to the effects of exercise on the gut microbiome. The purpose of the current review is to highlight some of the impactful exercise physiology and metabolism papers published in the journal and to look ahead to what areas exercise physiology publications might address in the next 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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44. Frontiers and hotspots of adipose tissue and NAFLD: a bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022.
- Author
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Shuxiao Gu, Yanfang Qiao, Susu Liu, Shuangjie Yang, Shibo Cong, Sili Wang, Deshuai Yu, Wei Wang, and Xinlou Chai
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,ADIPOSE tissues ,NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease ,FATTY liver ,MEDITERRANEAN diet - Abstract
Background: The annual incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise steadily. In recent years, adipose tissue (AT) has gained recognition as a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Employing bibliometric analysis, we examined literature concerning AT and NAFLD. Methods: Relevant literature on AT in NAFLD from 1980 to 2022 was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. These records were visualized using CiteSpace and VOSviewer regarding publications, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Results: Since 2002, a total of 3,330 papers have been included, exhibiting an annual surge in publications. Notably, the quality of publications is superior in the USA and Europe. Kenneth Cusi stands out as the author with the highest number of publications and H-index. Hepatology is the journal boasting the highest citation and H-index. The University of California System holds the highest centrality among institutions. References specifically delve into physiological processes associated with AT in NAFLD. Currently, lipid metabolism and inflammation constitute the principal research mechanisms in the AT-based regulation of NAFLD, with pertinent keywords including microRNA, T cell, hypoxia, sarcopenia, hepatokine, gut microbiota, and autophagy. The Mediterranean diet is among the most widely recommended dietary approaches for potential NAFLD treatment. Conclusion: This paper represents the inaugural bibliometric study on the effects of AT on NAFLD, offering valuable insights and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Bioinformatics analysis of candidate genes and potential therapeutic drugs targeting adipose tissue in obesity
- Author
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Yun Yu, Yu-Han Zhang, Liang Liu, Ling-Ling Yu, Jun-Pei Li, Jing-an Rao, Feng Hu, Ling-Juan Zhu, Hui-Hui Bao, and Xiao-Shu Cheng
- Subjects
Histology ,QH573-671 ,Physiology ,Gene Expression Profiling ,biomarkers ,Computational Biology ,drug-gene interaction ,bioinformatics ,Cell Biology ,RC648-665 ,adipocyte ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,tissue-specific gene expression ,QP1-981 ,Humans ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Obesity ,Cytology ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition that affects multiple organs in the body. However, the underlying mechanisms of obesity, as well as its treatment, are largely unexplored. The focus of this research was to use bioinformatics to discover possible treatment targets for obesity. To begin, the GSE133099 database was used to identify 364 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, DEGs were subjected to tissue-specific analyses and enrichment analyses, followed by the creation of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and generation of a drug-gene interaction database to screen key genes and potential future drugs targeting obesity. Findings have illustrated that the tissue-specific expression of neurologic markers varied significantly (34.7%, 52/150). Among these genes, Lep, ApoE, Fyn, and FN1 were the key genes observed in the adipocyte samples from obese patients relative to the controls. Furthermore, nine potential therapeutic drugs (dasatinib, ocriplasmin, risperidone, gemfibrozil, ritonavir, fluvastatin, pravastatin, warfarin, atorvastatin) that target the key genes were also screened and selected. To conclude the key genes discovered (Lep, ApoE, Fyn, and FN1), as well as 9 candidate drugs, could be used as therapeutic targets in treating obesity.
- Published
- 2021
46. Role of lncRNA LIPE-AS1 in adipogenesis
- Author
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Alyssa Thunen, Deirdre La Placa, Zhifang Zhang, and John E. Shively
- Subjects
Adipogenesis ,Histology ,QH573-671 ,long non-coding RNA ,Physiology ,CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta ,apoptosis ,Ceacam1 ,Cell Biology ,RC648-665 ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,LIPE ,Mice ,Adipose Tissue ,Adipocytes ,QP1-981 ,Animals ,RNA, Long Noncoding ,Cytology ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Recent studies have identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential regulators of adipogenesis. In this study, we have characterized a lncRNA, LIPE-AS1, that spans genes CEACAM1 to LIPE in man with conservation of genomic organization and tissue expression between mouse and man. Tissue-specific expression of isoforms of the murine lncRNA were found in liver and adipose tissue, one of which, designated mLas-V3, overlapped the Lipe gene encoding hormone-sensitive lipase in both mouse and man suggesting that it may have a functional role in adipose tissue. Knock down of expression of mLas-V3 using anti-sense oligos (ASOs) led to a significant decrease in the differentiation of the OP9 pre-adipocyte cell line through the down regulation of the major adipogenic transcription factors Pparg and Cebpa. Knock down of mLas-V3 induced apoptosis during the differentiation of OP9 cells as shown by expression of active caspase-3, a change in the localization of LIP/LAP isoforms of C/EBPβ, and expression of the cellular stress induced factors CHOP, p53, PUMA, and NOXA. We conclude that mLas-V3 may play a role in protecting against stress associated with adipogenesis, and its absence leads to apoptosis.
- Published
- 2021
47. Licochalcone A activation of glycolysis pathway has an anti-aging effect on human adipose stem cells
- Author
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Yating Wu, Jianbo Zhu, Haitao Shen, Hao Wang, and Hailiang Liu
- Subjects
Glycyrrhiza inflata ,Aging ,Licochalcone A ,Adipose tissue ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chalcones ,Osteogenesis ,Humans ,Oil Red O ,Glycolysis ,Lipoprotein lipase ,Adipogenesis ,biology ,licochalcone A ,Gluconeogenesis ,Telomere Homeostasis ,Cell Differentiation ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Cell Biology ,glycolysis ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,cell proliferation ,chemistry ,adipose-derived stem cells ,Stem cell ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Research Paper - Abstract
Licochalcone A (LA) is a chalcone flavonoid of Glycyrrhiza inflata, which has anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, no anti-aging benefits of LA have been demonstrated in vitro or in vivo. In this study, we explored whether LA has an anti-aging effect in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We performed β-galactosidase staining and measured reactive oxygen species, relative telomere lengths, and P16ink4a mRNA expression. Osteogenesis was assessed by Alizarin Red staining and adipogenesis by was assessed Oil Red O staining. Protein levels of related markers runt-related transcription factor 2 and lipoprotein lipase were also examined. RNA sequencing and measurement of glycolysis activities showed that LA significantly activated glycolysis in ADSCs. Together, our data strongly suggest that the LA have an anti-aging effect through activate the glycolysis pathway.
- Published
- 2021
48. Experimental study of fat derived pellets promoting wound healing in rats
- Author
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Lin-hua Zhou, Chen Chen, Li Zeng, Xiujiang Shi, Zongjian Wu, Sheng-Kang Luo, and Shaolong Zhou
- Subjects
Male ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adipose tissue ,Neovascularization, Physiologic ,Bioengineering ,wound healing ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Andrology ,Fats ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,physical method ,growth factors ,medicine ,Animals ,Centrifugation ,Viability assay ,Fibroblast ,Chemistry ,Growth factor ,Stem Cells ,General Medicine ,Rats ,macrophages ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Fibroblast Growth Factors ,stem cell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Adipose Tissue ,Stem cell ,Wound healing ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Research Article ,Research Paper ,Biotechnology - Abstract
To observe the effect of fat derived pellets (FDP) on wound healing in rats. METHODS the inguinal fat of rats was obtained, and the FDP were obtained after centrifugation. The cell activity and growth factor secretion of FDP were measured. The wounds in rats were created and FDP was used to treat the wound of rats. The phenotype of macrophages and the expression of angiogenic factors expression in wounds were measured. RESULTS the cell viability in FDP remains in high level after centrifugation and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Basic Fibroblast Growth Facto (bFGF) from FDP was observed in vitro. The FDP significantly promoted the wound healing of rats compared with that in control groups. Moreover, the expression of M2 macrophages and VEGF in FDP group were significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION FDP is a kind of stem cell product which can be obtained from adipose tissue by physical centrifugation. The cytotherapeutic effect of FDP makes it a promising product for wound healing in clinics.
- Published
- 2021
49. Lysosomal acid lipase promotes endothelial proliferation in cold-activated adipose tissue
- Author
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Alexander W. Fischer, Michelle Y. Jaeckstein, and Joerg Heeren
- Subjects
browning ,Histology ,QH573-671 ,Physiology ,proliferation ,lipoprotein ,Wolman Disease ,Adipose tissue ,Endothelial Cells ,Commentary Paper ,Thermogenesis ,Cell Biology ,Sterol Esterase ,RC648-665 ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Cold Temperature ,Adipose Tissue, Brown ,lysosome ,lysosomal acid lipase ,QP1-981 ,Humans ,triglyceride ,Cytology ,Research Article ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
Oxidative tissues such as brown adipose tissue and muscle internalize large amounts of circulating lipids and glucose as energy source. Endothelial cells (ECs) provide a platform for regulated transport and processing of blood-borne nutrients. Next to this role, it has become recognized that intercellular crosstalk between ECs and underlying parenchymal cells is indispensable for maintenance of tissue homoeostasis. Here, we comment on our recent observation that capillary ECs in thermogenic adipose tissues take up and metabolize entire triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particles in response to cold exposure. This process is dependent on CD36, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). Remarkably, loss of LAL specifically in endothelial cells results in impaired endothelial proliferation and diminished thermogenic adaptation. Mechanistically, cell culture experiments indicate that LAL-mediated TRL processing leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn activate hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-mediated proliferative responses. In the current manuscript, we provide in vivo evidence that LAL-deficiency impairs proliferation of endothelial cells in thermogenic adipose tissue. In addition, we show uptake of nanoparticle-labelled TRL and LAL expression in cardiac endothelial cells, suggesting a physiological function of endothelial lipoprotein processing not only in thermogenic adipose tissue but also in cardiac muscle.
- Published
- 2021
50. VAP-PLGA microspheres (VAP-PLGA) promote adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)-induced wound healing in chronic skin ulcers in mice via PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway
- Author
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Jun Zhang, Chenghong Fan, Wen Jiang, Jinlong Huang, and Xudong Zhang
- Subjects
Male ,chronic skin ulcers ,Angiogenesis ,Antlers ,wound healing ,adipose-derived stem cells (adscs) ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Mice ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer ,Cell Movement ,Medicine ,pi3k/akt/hif-1α pathway ,integumentary system ,Stem Cells ,General Medicine ,Microspheres ,Endothelial stem cell ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Phenotype ,Adipose Tissue ,Stem cell ,Signal Transduction ,Research Article ,Research Paper ,Biotechnology ,Stromal cell ,Morpholines ,Phosphorylcholine ,Neovascularization, Physiologic ,Bioengineering ,Skin Ulcer ,Animals ,Cell Shape ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Cell Proliferation ,business.industry ,Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ,vap-plga microspheres (vap-plga) ,respiratory tract diseases ,chemistry ,Chromones ,Chronic Disease ,Cancer research ,Peptides ,business ,Wound healing ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Chronic skin ulcers are a primary global health problem. Velvet antler polypeptide (VAP) regulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenic sprout. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are reported to make pivotal impacts upon wound healing. This study aimed to explore the role of VAP combined with ADSCs in wound healing of chronic skin ulcers. The effect of VAP on phenotypes of ADSCs, and VAP (PLGA microspheres) combining with ADSCs on wound healing of chronic skin ulcers in vivo was evaluated. VAP generally promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of ADSCs, and ADSC-induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway. VAP-PLGA (PLGA microspheres) enhanced the promoting effect of ADSCs on wound healing, pathological changes, and angiogenesis in chronic skin ulcers in vivo. VAP-PLGA intensified the effect of ADSCs on up-regulating the levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), angiopoietin-4 (Ang-4), VEGF receptor (VEGFR), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and down-regulating the levels of interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-18 and IL-6 in wound tissues in chronic skin ulcers in vivo. Collectively, VAP promoted the growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of ADSCs through activating PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway, and VAP-PLGA enhanced the function of ADSCs in promoting wound healing in vivo, which was associated with angiogenesis, inflammation inhibition, and dermal collagen synthesis.
- Published
- 2021
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