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Freeze–thaw (FT) erosion intensity may exhibit a future increasing trend with climate warming, humidification, and permafrost degradation in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). The present study provides a reference for the prevention and control of FT erosion in the QTP, as well as for the protection and restoration of the regional ecological environment. FT erosion is the third major type of soil erosion after water and wind erosion. Although FT erosion is one of the major soil erosion types in cold regions, it has been studied relatively little in the past because of the complexity of several influencing factors and the involvement of shallow surface layers at certain depths. The QTP is an important ecological barrier area in China. However, this area is characterized by harsh climatic and fragile environmental conditions, as well as by frequent FT erosion events, making it necessary to conduct research on FT erosion. In this paper, a total of 11 meteorological, vegetation, topographic, geomorphological, and geological factors were selected and assigned analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based weights to evaluate the FT erosion intensity in the QTP using a comprehensive evaluation index method. In addition, the single effects of the selected influencing factors on the FT erosion intensity were further evaluated in this study. According to the obtained results, the total FT erosion area covered 1.61 × 106 km2, accounting for 61.33% of the total area of the QTP. The moderate and strong FT erosion intensity classes covered 6.19 × 105 km2, accounting for 38.37% of the total FT erosion area in the QTP. The results revealed substantial variations in the spatial distribution of the FT erosion intensity in the QTP. Indeed, the moderate and strong erosion areas were mainly located in the high mountain areas and the hilly part of the Hoh Xil frozen soil region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mines' water inrush is one of the five major disasters that affect the safety of coal mine production. The assessment of coal mines' water inrush is a prerequisite for preventing and controlling coal mines' water inrush. To objectively and effectively evaluate the risk of water inrush in the coal seam roof and overcome the shortage of single assignment methods, two methods, the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method, are used in this paper to determine each evaluation factor's subjective and objective consequences. Game theory is applied to obtain the combined weights of each influencing factor to make up for the lack of a single assignment method. Taking the roof of Coal Seam No. 7 in mining Areas I and II of Dananhu Coal Mine No. 7 as an example, six primary evaluation indexes are created to control water inrush in the coal seam roof. The comprehensive weights of each index is determined; a vulnerability index evaluation model is established; and the results of the water inrush risk zone in the coal seam roof of Dananhu Coal Mine No. 7 are obtained using the GIS spatial analysis function. The results show that the discriminatory effects of the zoning model have a high accuracy and can provide a reference basis for future coal seam mining control work in this mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mountain railroad tunnels often need to cross deep and large active fracture zones during construction and tunnel site areas can be crisscrossed with underground water systems that carry huge volumes of water. The risk of sudden water inrush during the construction of mountain railroad tunnels is high, and uncontrolled inrush water runoff can negatively impact the tunnel site area. Therefore, risk assessments and prevention of inrush related surface runoff damage is key to reducing the ecological impact of tunnel construction. In this paper, the inrush water runoff of a typical mountainous railroad tunnel in the southwest of China was taken as the research object and the hydrological model and hierarchical analysis (AHP) were used to build a comprehensive risk assessment algorithm for surface runoff. Then the risk level of each section of the runoff channel was assessed under different flow scenarios and different inrush water runoff environmental risk prevention measures were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetland is a unique natural landscape pattern, which provides a variety of important functions and services for human societies. With the rapid develop of the economy and accelerated urbanization, the inland wetlands are faced with series of problems, including reduced area, weakened wetland functions, and deterioration of the wetland ecosystem environment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the ecological health of China's inland wetlands, which is key to the sustainable development of ecosystems. However, most assessments of wetland ecosystems only examine single wetlands or watershed wetlands, and there are few assessments of wetland health at the national level. In this paper, based on land cover data, climate data, and social and economic data, an assessment system of inland wetland health is established by using the Pressure-State-Effect-Response (PSER) model, which includes 15 assessment indicators. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to define the indicator weights. Then we assessed the ecosystem health of the inland wetlands of China in 2010 and 2018, which produced three main results. (1) Unlike ecosystem health evaluated by administrative districts, wetland ecosystem health (WEH) evaluation based on the grid could provide additional details of wetland health. (2) The area of inland wetlands increased by 16328 km2 in 2018 compared to 2010, and the average wetland ecosystem health index in 2018 was 3.45, compared to an index value of 3.24 in 2010. (3) In 2018, wetlands in the better, good, moderate and poor conditions represented about 26.3%, 46.4%, 26.9% and 0.5% of the total, respectively. These results provide a practical guide for protecting and managing wetland system resources and reliable information for land use planning and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is the major fossil fuel used for power generation. Coal mining activities lead to environmental changes to a large extent, such as degradation in the quality of air, water, and soil, changes in landform, land use/land cover, and vegetation distribution. Evaluating the environmental quality is therefore essential to study the nature and impact of mining activities on the environment. The present study attempts to use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assess the environmental quality of Rujigou coalfield that lacked previous such analysis. The criteria used for evaluation were selected through a literature review and extensive field survey. A photo tour of the study area shows the current ground conditions. Weights were assigned to these criteria based on expert opinions, recommendations from published literature, and field investigation. The results indicate that mining activities in the study region most significantly impact the air quality, followed by soil, water, landform, and vegetation. The knowledge of environmental quality can forewarn policymakers and mine managers about impending environmental problems and improve their ability to manage and resolve them. Moreover, the systematic methodological process described in this research can be applied to any study area with similar features to the one investigated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural tourism has become a hot spot in China's tourism development. Based on the AHP model and the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy cognition, this paper builds an evaluation system for the evaluation of rural tourism resources, including resource value, environmental factors, reception conditions with three criterion layers, and 25 evaluation factors. We recovered 574 valid questionnaires through two online forms and field research in Lanzhou city, and then used them to complete the empirical analysis. The results show four main aspects of the tourists' perspective on rural tourism resources. Firstly, rural tourists are concerned about higher service facilities. The evaluation of rural tourism resources pays more attention to the reception conditions, and tourists pay more attention to the facilities of the reception conditions. In addition, the reception condition value accounts for a more concentrated 8–10 points (61.4%), which is higher than environmental elements (58.87%) and the value of the resource itself (54.26%). Secondly, tourists' attention to rural tourism resources mainly focuses on the pleasurable (0.1152), tour line design (0.1014), experience (0.0765), ornamental (0.0747) and other aspects. Thirdly, the degree of cognition mainly focuses on nature (4508), environmental safety (4469), pleasantness (4387), accommodation conditions (4367), tour line design (4363) and other aspects of the rural tourism resources. Fourthly, the cognition of rural tourism resources is basically given priority with 6–9 points, and environmental factors accounted for the highest portion. However, rural tourists have higher expectations for the popularization and education of rural tourism resources, but the sense of acquisition is relatively low. Through the further improvement and improvement of the naturalness of environmental resources, environmental safety of reception conditions, and the enjoyment of external traffic and resource value, the overall benefit of rural tourism resources is maximized. The results of this study can provide reference for the theoretical foundation of rural tourism resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-intensity and large-scale resource development seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment in the red soil hilly region in southern China. This paper analyzes the eco-geological environmental problems and factors affecting Ganzhou, a mining city in the red soil hilly region, based on field survey and literature. The eco-geological environment quality (EGEQ) assessment system, which covered 11 indicators in physical geography, mining development, geological hazards, as well as water and soil pollution, was established through multi-source data utilization such as remote sensing images, DEM (Digital Elevation Model), field survey and on-site monitoring data. The comprehensive weight of each indicator was calculated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy method. The eco-geological environment assessment map was developed by calculating the EGEQ value through the linear weighted method. The assessment results show that the EGEQ was classified into I-V grades from excellent to worse, among which, EGEQ of I-II accounted for 29.88%, EGEQ of III accounted for 32.35% and EGEQ of IV-V accounted for 37.77%; the overall EGEQ of Ganzhou was moderate. The assessment system utilized in this research provides scientific and accurate results, which in turn enable the proposal of some tangible protection suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was based on a rare case involving an explosion accident of liquefied natural gas (LNG) bus that occurred in the second week of December 2019 in China. The author of this paper participated in the whole accident investigation process as expert. Through the nonlinear elastoplastic analysis of the bursting tank by finite element simulation, this explosion accident was caused by the rapid phase transition of residual LNG during the deicing of the frozen pipeline by water, and the human factor was the direct cause of the accident. To understand the accident causation in depth, human factors involving safety issues in the LNG vehicle maintenance operation were identified using a modified human factors analysis and classification system and the analytic hierarchy process method. Furthermore, the lessons learned, and recommendations were revealed to prevent such accidents in the field of liquefied natural gas vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A comprehensive assessment method of cropland abandonment risk based on AHP and PCA was proposed. • The verification results show that the risk assessment method proposed in our article is objective. • The high risk area is mainly distributed in the Lancang and Honghe River Basin. • Suggestions for preventing cropland abandonment are based on dominant factors of abandonment. Assessing the risk of cropland abandonment in mountainous area is essential for ensuring food security. However, the current evaluation indicator system is incomplete, and the reliability analysis of the results is lacking. This paper proposes a spatially comprehensive assessment method of cropland abandonment risk based on AHP and PCA using multi-source data of land use, abandoned cropland, administrative area, population density, GDP, cropland soil information, and climate, and applies the method to Yunnan Province in China. Firstly, 14 indicators were selected from four aspects, including social factors, farming conditions, cropland quality, and climate factors, to construct a three-layer indicator system of "target-criteria-indicator". Fuzzy membership was used to calculate the indicator layer, and then the PCA method was applied to calculate the first principal component for the criterion layer. Finally, the AHP method was used to calculate the weighted superposition of the criterion layer. The proposed method showed good reliability in the study areas. In Yunnan Province, 33.03% of cropland is at high risk of abandonment, 37.52% is at medium risk, and 29.45% is at low risk. The high risk area is mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin and Honghe River Basin. Social factors were found to play the greatest role in the risk of cropland abandonment in Yunnan Province. Factors such as low population density, large shape coefficient of cropland, and low annual average precipitation were identified as the main drivers of cropland abandonment in this region. The research results of this paper can provide decision-making reference for preventing and controlling cropland abandonment in mountainous areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of drinking water source security in the area of large-scale urbanization is conducive to maintaining urban security and human health. A comprehensive quantitative evaluation method has been established based on TOPSIS. Twelve indicators from three aspects, water quantity, water quality, risk warning and emergency response capability, are included in the evaluation index system. The weight of these indicators are calculated by AHP. TOPSIS is used to obtain the security index in different periods, and GIS method is used to draw the spatial distribution map of security grade. The evaluation method is applied to the security evaluation of urban drinking water sources in Henan Province, China. The results show that the overall safety of drinking water sources has improved, but it is still at the "basic safety" level. The security level of each city is closely related to watershed characteristics, water resources allocation and industrial layout. The paper puts forward some suggestions to enhance the safety of urban drinking water source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety condition assessment of prestressed concrete bridges is currently subject to great uncertainty due to the subjectivity of data collection and data types. This study proposes an improved evidence fusion method, improving the conventional Dempster–Shafer fusion method to reduce assessment inaccuracies caused by data uncertainty. Firstly, the uncertain analytic hierarchy process was applied to construct a three-level safety assessment model for 15 different indicators with their initial weights. Secondly, the fuzzy matter element theory was proposed to obtain basic probability assignments required for the evidence fusion. Finally, an improved evidence fusion method was proposed based on the evidence credibility and preprocessing corrections for highly conflicting evidence. In this study, a prestressed concrete bridge in eastern China was used as a case study to perform a comprehensive safety assessment and verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method. The assessment results demonstrate that the improved fusion method in this study can deal with conflicting evidence better than existing fusion methods. Compared with conventional fuzzy AHP method, it has greater sensitivity to certain indicators with severe damages, which prevents those indicators from being overshadowed by other well-performing ones in the overall assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater management in the Jinan Spring basin is hampered by its complex topography, overexploitation, and excessive urbanisation. This has led to springs drying up during dry seasons and a decrease in discharge in recent years. GIS and the AHP were employed to delineate groundwater potential zones using eight thematic layers: slope, geology, lineament density, topographic wetness index (TWI), rainfall, soil, drainage density, and land use/land cover (LULC). The model's accuracy was assessed by comparing the findings to basin groundwater observation well data. We found that 74% of the observations matched the projected zoning. Further validation utilising the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve gave an AUC of 0.736. According to the study, 67.31% of the land has a good GWPZ, 5.60% has a very good one, 27.07% is medium, and 0.03% is low. Heavy rains throughout the rainy season raise water levels. Dry weather lowers water levels. This study's conclusions will protect groundwater from climate change. Integrating hydrogeological data, GIS, remote sensing, and AHP approaches maximises data use, improves groundwater potential zone delineation, and promotes sustainable groundwater resource management decision making. This integrated method can help land use planners, hydrologists, and policymakers find optimal locations for water supply projects, establish groundwater management techniques, and reduce groundwater risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The building construction industry in mainland China is distinguished by one of the highest accident rates and numbers of fatalities. Therefore, risk assessment plays a significant role in preventing safety incidents and economic losses. However, traditional risk assessment methods are mainly experience-based which could introduce significant uncertainties in accident chain estimation, quantitative analysis, and handling with uncertainty. Safety accidents are difficult to estimate, which might lead to inappropriate safety-related decision making. To solve this problem, an innovative quantitative analysis strategy has been developed, generating a loss index for various accidents in the construction site, based on the Bayesian Network and Analytic Hierarchy Process solution. In this solution, the contribution rate of every risk factor to a certain accident can be calculated. Based on those, the loss index of each construction site can be calculated by inputting current risk factors in the construction site. Moreover, the real-time loss index can be estimated which can help the management team with more accurate decision making compared with the traditional approaches. With this model, the safety situation on the construction site can be clarified and the risk priority can be analyzed according to the dynamic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centralized vs. decentralized sewage treatment is one of the key issues in the planning of rural sewage treatment (RST) in China due to the country's diverse regional characteristics. There are very limited comprehensive evaluation models for selecting regionally suitable schemes and facilities, particularly for national or provisional scale planning. As a scenario-based multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) issue, this paper develops a novel RST suitability evaluation model by integrating the multi-attribute analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). The suitability evaluation model sets up 3 small-centralized and 4 decentralized RST facilities as candidates and includes 12 evaluation indicators that cover economic cost, life cycle environmental impacts, technical features and operations management. Eight generic scenarios are classified for Chinese rural areas based on differences in three major characteristic factors, i.e., population density (PD), the economic development level (EDL), and topographic slope (TS). The universal evaluation results show that a centralized sewage treatment scheme is more suitable for areas with a high PD/high EDL/low TS, while a decentralized scheme is more suitable for areas with a low PD/low EDL/high TS. Sensitivity analysis shows that in regions with a high PD/low EDL, the indicator weight of the construction investment cost in the model has a great influence on the facility suitability ranking. However, in regions with a high PD/high EDL, the ranking is the most sensitive to the indicator weights of the global warming potential and sewage treatment effect. Furthermore, as a spatial decision issue, an RST suitability map of Hunan Province in China is produced at the county level of resolution, and the map is generally consistent with our field knowledge of several counties in Hunan Province. The presented evaluation framework can be integrated into environmental decision support systems in the future to help local and central governments, water utilities, design institutes and other stakeholders scientifically plan RST projects. [Display omitted] • A new suitability evaluation framework of rural sewage treatment (RST) facilities. • Considering life-cycle environmental impacts and regional differences on a large scale. • Optimal RST facilities for each 8 types of regions in China were selected. • A suitability zoning map of optimal RST facility was produced for Hunan Province. • It can help to develop an environmental decision support system for RST planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality evaluation and health risk assessment are not only the basis of environmental protection work, but also of great significance to water environment supervision and management. In this paper, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for water quality was improved by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Entropy, and a health risk assessment model based on triangular fuzzy theory was developed. The evaluation results show 5 water categories: Class-1 (n = 1, 2%), Class-2 (n = 14, 32%), Class-3 (n = 15, 34%), Class-4 (n = 8, 18%) and Class-5 (n = 6, 14%), manifesting about 67% of the phreatic water can be used for drinking purposes in the research area. The Chadha diagram provides hydrochemical facies of the phreatic water are mainly NaCl type (n = 16, 36%) and Ca–Mg–Na type (n = 15, 34%). Fluorine as non-carcinogenic factor in health risk assessment, showing moderate correlation with SO 4 2– (r = 0.54) and low correlation with Na+ (r = 0.38) in Pearson correlation analysis. The order of non-carcinogenic risk per year is as follow: Class-2, Class-3, All, Class-4 and Class-5 with the mean of 0.29, 0.51, 0.67, 0.86 and 1.55 × 10–8 for adults, 0.54, 0.95, 1.27, 1.58 and 2.89 × 10–8 for children. Compare with adults, children undertake higher health risk, in research area. Particularly, the region accepting Class-5 water supplement encounter high non-carcinogenic risk, where risk level is 2.24 and 2.28 times to the average risk level for adults and children, respectively. This paper provides insights into solving uncertainties in groundwater management and environmental protection, as well as into fuzzy logic techniques addressing pollution. • Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for water quality was improved using AHP and Entropy. • Health risk assessment is performed with triangular fuzzy theory. • Hydrochemical processes are interpreted considering different mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islands are special bodies of land surrounded by seawater. Many islands are facing water shortages as the demand for groundwater increases, thus, highlighting the importance and urgency of the assessment, planning, and management of island groundwater resources. To facilitate the same, the groundwater potential of the Penghu Islands in China was assessed for the first time using remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Long‐term series remote sensing studies were also conducted to monitor the dynamic change in groundwater potential and to identify groundwater potential areas. In this study, the geological environment factors were normalized, and their weight was allocated based on the AHP of RS and GIS. The groundwater potential assessment (GPA) index, established using the weighted comprehensive algorithm, was used to analyse groundwater potential and demarcate groundwater potential zones. Finally, the trend in the spatio‐temporal variation of groundwater potential was analysed using long‐term series remote sensing data. The results from 2015 to 2021 showed that the Penghu Islands can be divided into five groundwater potential zones of different grades, such as 6.3%–8.1% of grade I, 22.2%–24.2% of grade II, 23%–24.4% of grade III, 19.6%–21% of grade IV, and 25.1%–25.5% of grade V. The results of the GPA were verified by comparing them with the abundance of water‐content rock formation in hydrogeologic maps, which yielded correlation coefficients of 78.3%–88.9%. Overall, the groundwater potential zones of different grades in the study area tended to be stable all year‐round, including the zones of grades I and II. The results of this study highlighted the reliability of predicting groundwater potential based on long‐term series remote sensing data and its usability to local personnel in appropriate groundwater resource planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological sensitivity is one of the important indicators of regional ecological fragility, which can represent the sensitivity of ecosystems to natural environmental conditions and human activity disturbances in the region. In this study, the ecological sensitivity of land resources in the Tumen River Basin of China was quantitatively evaluated by taking 3 ecologically sensitive impact types, including the natural environment, human disturbance, and soil erosion, as evaluation criteria, and 11 ecologically sensitive factors were selected to build an evaluation system using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, to determine the weights of the evaluation factors, combined with geographic information system (GIS) technology. The results show that: (1) Among the three types of ecological sensitivity factors, the influence of human disturbance is the most obvious, and the two factors of land use type and distance from construction land have the highest weights in the comprehensive ecological sensitivity evaluation. (2) There are no extremely sensitive areas or insensitive areas in the Tumen River Basin in China. Highly sensitive areas account for only 0.59% of the total area and are mainly concentrated in the lakes, rivers, and reservoirs in the study area. Moderately sensitive areas account for 54.12%, which are concentrated in the central part of the Tumen River Basin Slightly sensitive areas are mainly located in the mountainous areas in the north and south of the study area. (3) Among the various land resource types, the proportion of slightly sensitive areas and moderately sensitive areas of woodland is close (about 50%), while cultivated land, grassland, construction land, and bare land are mainly moderately sensitive areas (73.95%, 82.07%, 96.59%, and 78.78%), and water bodies are mostly distributed within highly sensitive areas (60.97%), and all wetlands with the smallest area are moderately sensitive. The results of the study can provide data support and a scientific basis for regional ecological protection and development planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We consider some indicators that have not been considered in previous studies, such as the impact of historical and social factors, which are very important and necessary in measuring national space exploration capabilities. • We introduce a more reasonable quantity (Equity Evaluation Index) to measure global equity, which is more objective for both stronger and weaker countries in space exploration. • The optimization model takes different aspects of the space industry into consideration (e.g., funding, technology, scientific research), providing suggestions for countries at different developing levels to take advantage of its strengths and cover its weaknesses. In this paper we introduce an equity evaluation index (EEI) to measure the global equity on asteroid mining, and present a global equity evaluation model by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy weight method and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Based on multi-objective optimization, we provide a global cooperative decision model to allocate the inputs and outputs among countries based on their strengths and demands. Furthermore, we analyze the the trends of EEI of each country under the influence of the outbreak events by using the autoregressive integrated moving average model. Our results show that among all countries with foundations in aerospace, China has the highest EEI while Russia ranks the lowest. Humans mining minerals in a cooperative manner will achieve a win-win situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social isolation is a serious and pervasive health issue among older people, and it is difficult to identify and assess effectively. Based on a thorough and scientific evaluation index system, AHP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation could be a valuable technique. Objective: It is crucial to establish interventions that focus on risk factors for the prevention of social isolation in order to give a strong scientific foundation for enhancing older people's health habits. This can be achieved by using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to assess the risk of social isolation in older people. Methods: A hundred community members over 60 from Nanjing were selected as the evaluation subjects in China. After the element layer was split into three categories of "social risk, economic risk, and cultural risk" using the analytic hierarchy process approach, a total of 22 assessment indicators were picked to develop a risk evaluation index system. Results: The risk level of social isolation belonging to the "low risk, relatively low risk, medium risk, relatively high risk, high risk" of membership degree are respectively " 0.3392, 0.2632, 0.2257, 0.1069, 0.0650". Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation analysis showed that social relations (0.4934), monthly income (0.4654), health status (0.5960) were significant factors of social isolation risk in older people. The results showed that factors related to social risk had the most significant impact on social isolation. Conclusion: It is scientific and feasible to construct the risk evaluation index model of social isolation risk for the elderly by using AHP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In preventing social isolation of older people in the future, we should pay attention to the impact of social and cultural factors on them, and provide practical intervention programs and references from the government, community, family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China's fourteenth five-year plan, urban regeneration has become one of the most crucial strategies for activating the existing cities. Since creating vibrant urban spaces is a critical component of urban regeneration, understanding the patterns of community vitality helps formulate reactive regeneration policies and design interventions. However, the lack of local-scale measurement criteria and data collection methods has posed significant constraints to assessing and rejuvenating community vitality. Taking Suzhou Nanhuan New Village as a study area, our research involved a comparative study approach to investigate the fundamental driving mechanism of urban vitality with the support of a theoretical model (5D theory), multi-source data input, real-time photography technologies, and statistical analysis tools (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The result shows at the community level, the original '3d' dimensions ('Density', 'Diversity', 'Design') remain key elements for forming vibrant spatial quality and functionality, and density factors matter significantly. This study intends to provide a new paradigm for small-scale community vitality assessment, verification, and regeneration by combining urban morphology with people-oriented and environmental-oriented perspectives. This research could support quantitative research on creating vibrant high-density communities in the urban regeneration process and bring insights to academics and design practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The layout of an office significantly affects human health, well-being and productivity in multi-occupancy offices, while the relationship and prioritization of various office layout factors have not been clarified. This study conducts a thorough investigation of office layout factors on occupant satisfaction. Existing pieces of literature were deconstructed and reorganized to extract five office layout factors. For a comparative investigation, an analytic hierarchy process-based online survey and a post-occupancy evaluation-based field survey focusing on academic buildings were implemented in China. The influence mechanisms in the satisfied and dissatisfied groups were explored together with the demographic differences by introducing the Kano model. The influence mechanism differences of the office layout factors between the priori and posteriori processes are emphasized. The results indicate that in academic buildings, the influence of a workstation location on satisfaction tends to be overestimated in the design stage, while the influence of space size tends to be underestimated in the design stage. Workstation orientation is a significant factor that is easily overlooked. Generally, an office layout design should focus more on ensuring the basic needs of all employees rather than creating design highlights. This study provides a new perspective to examine the gaps between actual satisfaction and expected satisfaction, and the obtained results can be directly used to guide user-centered office interior design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]