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Climatic and geographic factors characterizing local conditions, as well as the ecological state of the external environment, have a direct effect on human health, morbidity, and life expectancy. The paper considers the basic concepts of medical ecology, a pathogenetic role of environmental atmospheric pollution in the development of environmentally induced and environmentally dependent diseases associated with exposure to meteorological factors. In addition to the major hygienic risk factors affecting the public health (a level of air, water, and soil pollution), the levels of acoustic and electromagnetic background, the type of human nutrition, architectural and planning conditions of human life are of significant importance. Global climate warming causes numerous environmental changes, primarily an increase in surface air temperature, which in turn entails global changes in weather conditions that lead to various weather anomalies. Human health is directly dependent on environmental conditions and a degree of adaptation to them. The paper highlights the issues of diagnosing environmentally induced diseases and measures to counteract their spread. Based on the system diagnosis using physiological indicators of human health and the integration of the adaptation and nosological approaches, a hardware-software complex has been developed and introduced into medical practice. Corrective technologies of regenerative medicine that are used for ecologically dependent pathologies are described. Their application in the process of the complex sanatorium and resort treatment is most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great practical significance to analyze the hot issues, research frontiers, and trends concerning the relationship between air pollution and public health and to adopt reasonable strategies to control air pollution and prevent health hazards for follow-up research in this field. Unlike traditional literature reviews, this paper adopts a visual, flexible, and scientifically systematic approach to the analysis, which makes these analysis results more intuitive and comprehensive. Based on the core collection of the Web of Science and CNKI databases, this paper uses CiteSpace software to draw and comment on the maps of Chinese and English keywords, publishing time, author, country, and research institutions in this field. The results show the following: (1) The number of studies on the relationship between air pollution and health has increased year by year; researchers have formed sub cooperation networks, and the trend of cooperation and exchange has become more and more obvious in recent years; the impact of air pollution on health is a hot topic in the world. (2) Research hot topics mainly focus on the selection of air pollutants, health economic consequences of air pollution and the global burden of disease it causes, health indicators, research samples, which are gradually being refined, the synergistic governance of air pollution, and climate change. (3) The analysis of research frontiers and trends reveals that, first, the study of air pollutants in the English literature has undergone a refinement from nitrogen dioxide to fine particulate matter, and the sources of air pollutants in the Chinese literature have undergone changes in the petrochemical industry, indoor formaldehyde pollution, and haze. Second, atmospheric pollution has a significant negative impact on health, increasing the incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and even causing death. Third, sustained exposure to pollution then causes greater damage to health and will be a key direction for future research. Fourth, the literature not only studies the correlation but also emphasizes the causal inference between air pollution and health and measures the economic costs associated with health. Finally, air pollution and climate change need to be governed synergistically. The article points out that the three areas of sustained pollution exposure, indirect consequences of negative health effects of air pollution, and air pollution and climate change may be the future focus of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors explore the trends in the human health risks caused by air pollution and changing levels of weather and climate comfort on the territory of Russia in 2020–2050 under two climate change scenarios. Generally, the dynamics of risks is expected to be moderate. It will presumably be characterized by inter-scenario variability and dispersion by the country's climate zones. In certain areas, primarily in Siberia, very noticeable trends have been revealed. The paper shows a need for additional attention when planning the measures of adaptation to climate change in southern and central regions of European Russia, most of Western Siberia, the Magadan oblast and Kamchatka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) is of great scientific interest due to its impact on both human health and the environment (climate change, reduced visibility, deterioration of archaeological sites, etc.). The aim of the current paper was to study the concentration of large-sized particulate matter (PM10) in relation to the season of the year. Measurements were performed with the help of a personal Button Sampler in three repeated cycles, namely summer, autumn, and winter, in order to obtain comparable results from three different seasons of the year. A total of 45 samples were collected, 27 of which were obtained from a peri-urban Pinus brutia forest and 18 from an adjacent urban area (9 and 6 samples in each repeated sampling cycle, respectively). Results obtained from both sampling areas show a significant increase in PM10 levels during the summer (8.86 mg m−3/24 h) in comparison with the autumn and winter concentrations (3.71 mg m−3/24 h and 4.12 mg m−3/24 h, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Planetary Health emphasises the sustainability of natural systems for human well-being, linking human health directly with environmental health. This interdisciplinary concept has gained importance as anthropogenic activities have led to climate changes and health impacts. Despite efforts, a cohesive approach to planetary health from local to global levels remains lacking. The present review analysed 24 sources, including grey literature and published studies, identifying 40 interventions aimed at improving planetary health. The majority of research, primarily from the United States, focuses on reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Effective strategies highlighted include promoting active transportation, improving diets, increasing physical activity, and engaging with indigenous communities to protect both environmental and human health. However, a significant gap exists in integrating these interventions through a unified informatics tool, which could enhance coordination and implementation of planetary health measures globally. The review underscores the necessity for a more integrated approach and the development of a global database to consolidate and manage planetary health interventions effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a summary of various studies and research on the impact of air pollution on human health. It emphasizes the association between exposure to fine particulate matter and health outcomes, such as neurodegenerative diseases, and the role of oxidative stress in toxicity. The document also highlights the need for targeted strategies to mitigate health effects and the importance of understanding the combined effects of gaseous and particulate pollutants. It includes 16 publications covering topics such as traffic-related pollution, indoor air pollutants, and the influence of ship traffic on air quality. The findings underscore the need for new approaches to studying air pollution and its health effects, as well as the importance of considering multiple factors in assessing and monitoring air pollution. The document acknowledges the authors of the contributions and expresses appreciation for their work. [Extracted from the article]

Environmental injustices impact many communities, and prior studies have not identified regional variations and statistical linkages between exposures to air pollution and health outcomes. We address these gaps in environmental justice studies by establishing the relationships between exposure to air pollution, socio-economic factors, and health consequences or outcomes. At various governmental levels, policy initiatives to reduce energy use and increase energy efficiency offer the added benefits of improving air quality, human health, and climate change mitigation. By integrating annualized daily concentrations of ozone, PM 2.5, and Air Quality Index (AQI) from industrial facilities and electric utility plants in zip codes within TECO's service area, this study enhances our understanding of quantitative environmental justice by correlating air pollution against socioeconomic factors (e.g., poverty, age. sex, and race) and health outcomes (e.g., mortality, fertility, access to health insurance, and disease, and well-being). Zip codes with disproportionate exposure to air pollution are identified and stratified according to relevant indicators. Through this, we can identify inequalities related to the risk of air pollution and its effects on health. This paper provides a methodology to evaluate the cumulative effectiveness of environmental policy efforts that address both climate change and human health, as well as a framework for identifying communities that are at a higher risk of adverse health outcomes from exposure to air pollution. Policymakers can use this information to identify vulnerable communities, prioritize air pollution mitigation, and improve access to healthy foods and insurance assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of recent climate change, global warming, industrial growth, and population expansion, air pollution has emerged as a significant environmental and human health risk. This study employed a multivariable Poisson regression analysis to examine the association between short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants (nitrogen dioxide—NO2, sulfur dioxide -SO2, ozone—O3, and particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 μm-PM10) and hospital admissions for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Daily data on NSTE-ACS admissions, air pollutants, and meteorological variables were collected from January 2019 to December 2021. Elevated NO2 concentrations were associated with a higher risk of NSTE-ACS hospitalization, notably in spring (OR: 1.426; 95% CI: 1.196–1.701). Hypertensive individuals (OR: 1.101; 95% CI: 1.007–1.204) and those diagnosed with unstable angina (OR: 1.107; 95%CI: 1.010–1.213) exhibited heightened susceptibility to elevated NO2 concentrations. A 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 during spring at lag 07 (OR: 1.013; 95% CI: 1.001–1.025) and O3 in winter at lag 05 (OR: 1.007; 95% CI: 1.001–1.014) was correlated with an elevated daily occurrence of NSTE-ACS admissions. Short-term exposure to various air pollutants posed an increased risk of NSTE-ACS hospitalization, with heightened sensitivity observed in hypertensive patients and those with unstable angina. Addressing emerging environmental risk factors is crucial to mitigate substantial impacts on human health and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence of the physical and economic impacts of climate change is a critical input to policy development and decision-making. In addition to the magnitude of potential impacts, detailed estimates of where, when, and to whom those damages may occur; the types of impacts that will be most damaging; uncertainties in these damages; and the ability of adaptation to reduce potential risks are all interconnected and important considerations. This study utilizes the reduced-complexity model, the Framework for Evaluating Damages and Impacts (FrEDI), to rapidly project economic and physical impacts of climate change across 10 000 future scenarios for multiple impact sectors, regions, and populations within the contiguous United States (US). Results from FrEDI show that net national damages increase overtime, with mean climate-driven damages estimated to reach USD 2.9 trillion (95 % confidence interval (CI): USD 510 billion to USD 12 trillion) annually by 2090. Detailed FrEDI results show that for the analyzed sectors the majority of annual long-term (e.g., 2090) damages are associated with climate change impacts to human health, including mortality attributable to climate-driven changes in temperature and air pollution (O 3 and PM 2.5) exposure. Regional results also show that annual long-term climate-driven damages vary geographically. The Southeast (all regions are as defined in Fig. 5) is projected to experience the largest annual damages per capita (mean: USD 9300 per person annually; 95 % CI: USD 1800–USD 37 000 per person annually), whereas the smallest damages per capita are expected in the Southwest (mean: USD 6300 per person annually; 95 % CI: USD 840–USD 27 000 per person annually). Climate change impacts may also broaden existing societal inequalities, with, for example, Black or African Americans being disproportionately affected by additional premature mortality from changes in air quality. Lastly, FrEDI projections are extended through 2300 to estimate the net present climate-driven damages within US borders from marginal changes in greenhouse gas emissions. Combined, this analysis provides the most detailed illustration to date of the distribution of climate change impacts within US borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated surface concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to poor air quality and detrimental impacts on human health. These pollutants are also termed Near‐Term Climate Forcers (NTCFs) as they can also influence the Earth's radiative balance on timescales shorter than long‐lived greenhouse gases. Here we use the Earth system model, UKESM1, to simulate the change in surface ozone and PM2.5 concentrations from different NTCF mitigation scenarios, conducted as part of the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). These are then combined with relative risk estimates and projected changes in population demographics, to estimate the mortality burden attributable to long‐term exposure to ambient air pollution. Scenarios that involve the strong mitigation of air pollutant emissions yield large future benefits to human health (25%), particularly across Asia for black carbon (7%), when compared to the future reference pathway. However, if anthropogenic emissions follow the reference pathway, then impacts to human health worsen over South Asia in the short term (11%) and across Africa (20%) in the longer term. Future climate change impacts on air pollutants can offset some of the health benefits achieved by emission mitigation measures over Europe for PM2.5 and East Asia for ozone. In addition, differences in the future chemical environment over regions are important considerations for mitigation measures to achieve the largest benefit to human health. Future policy measures to mitigate climate warming need to also consider the impact on air quality and human health across different regions to achieve the maximum co‐benefits. Plain Language Summary: Ground level ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are two major air pollutants that are associated with adverse effects to human health. In addition, changes in their atmospheric concentrations can also influence the rate of climate change on a timeframe shorter than that for long‐lived greenhouse gases. In this study we use a global Earth system model to simulate the change in concentrations of surface O3 and PM2.5 across numerous future mitigation scenarios, which are then used to quantify the impact on the air pollution health burden. A large reduction in the air pollutant health burden of the population, particularly across Asia, is calculated in scenarios that have large reductions in air pollutant sources. However, impacts on health can increase across large parts of Africa in a scenario where emissions of air pollutants are not reduced. Future climate warming increases the exposure to air pollutants across regions such as Europe and East Asia, with a detrimental impact on human health. Measures to limit future climate warming and improve regional air pollutant health burdens are interconnected and important to consider together when designing future policies. Key Points: Strong mitigation of aerosols and ozone precursors leads to large future benefits to the air pollution health burden, particularly over AsiaFuture climate change can offset the health benefits of a reduced air pollution health burden from emissions mitigation over Europe and East AsiaIt is important to consider future chemical environments when designing measures to maximize benefits to climate, air quality, and health [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As fossil fuel combustion continues to power the global economy, the rate of climate change is accelerating, causing severe respiratory health impacts and large disparities in the degree of human suffering. Hotter and drier climates lead to longer and more severe wildland fire seasons, impairing air quality around the globe. Hotter temperatures lead to higher amounts of ozone and particles, causing the exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases and premature mortality. Longer pollen seasons and higher pollen concentrations provoke allergic airway diseases. In arid regions, accelerated land degradation and desertification are promoting dust pollution and impairing food production and nutritional content that are essential to respiratory health. Extreme weather events and flooding impede healthcare delivery and can lead to poor indoor air quality due to mold overgrowth. Climate and human activities that harm the environment and ecosystem may also affect the emergence and spread of viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and associated morbidity and mortality exacerbated by air pollution. Children and elderly individuals are more susceptible to the adverse health effects of climate change. Geographical and socioeconomic circumstances, together with a decreased capacity to adapt, collectively increase vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change. Successful mitigation of anthropogenic climate change is dependent on the commitment of energy-intensive nations to manage greenhouse gas emissions, as well as societal support and response to aggravating factors. In this review, we focus on the respiratory health impacts of global climate change, with an emphasis on susceptible and vulnerable populations and low- and middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black carbon (BC) is a significant source of air pollution since it impacts public health and climate change. Understanding its distribution in the complex urban environment is challenging. We integrated a land use model with four machine learning models to estimate traffic-related BC concentrations in Oakland, CA. Random Forest was the best-performing model, with regression coefficient (R2) values of 0.701 on the train set and 0.695 on the validation set with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.210 mg/m3. Vehicle speed and local road systems were the most sensitive variables in estimating BC concentrations. However, this approach was inefficient at identifying hyperlocal hotspots, especially in a complex urban environment where highways and truck routes are significant emission sources. Using the land use method to estimate BC concentrations may lead to underestimating some localized hotspots. This work can improve air quality exposure assessment for vulnerable populations and help emphasize potential environmental justice issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Springtime road dust is a common air quality concern for northern latitudes communities. Traction material, brake wear, tire wear, and other particles entrained in snow during winter become re-suspended into the air as the snow melts. Characterization of within-season variability of road dust composition and weather conditions is critical to understanding its acute health impacts. Sixty 24-hour samples of PM10 were collected with a high-volume sampler at a near-road site in Prince George, British Columbia. Near-road samples were collected intermittently in winter and daily in spring. All samples were analyzed for 18 trace elements. We used data from a nearby regulatory monitor to estimate daily coarse fraction (PM10–2.5). Proportion of PM10–2.5 in PM10 was used to classify days as high or low road dust based on a threshold of 65% PM10–2.5. We identified clusters of near-road samples based on weather parameters and PM10 components using Bayesian profile regression (BPR). Twenty-one near-road PM10 samples were classified as high road dust days and 34 as low road dust days. Concentrations of total trace elements and specific trace elements were significantly higher on high road dust days (aluminum, chromium, iron, lead, tin, vanadium, and zinc). High road dust days also had low relative humidity and precipitation and higher temperature and air pressure. We identified five clusters of near-road PM10 mixtures that suggested an interaction between temperature and humidity for road dust impacts. Samples from a near-road site indicated days highly affected by springtime road dust are distinct from other days based on particulate mixtures and meteorological factors. Higher loading of trace element mixtures in PM10 on high road dust days has important implications for acute toxicity of road dust. Relationships between road dust and weather may facilitate further research into health effects of road dust as the climate changes. Implications: Non-tailpipe emissions driven by springtime road dust in northern latitude communities is increasing in importance for air pollution control and improving our understanding of the health effects of chemical mixtures from particulate matter exposure. High-volume samples from a near-road site indicated that days affected by springtime road dust are substantively different from other days with respect to particulate matter mixture composition and meteorological drivers. The high load of trace elements in PM10 on high road dust days has important implications for the acute toxicity of inhaled air and subsequent health effects. The complex relationships between road dust and weather identified in this study may facilitate further research on the health effects of chemical mixtures related to road dust while also highlighting potential changes in this unique form of air pollution as the climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time measurement of black carbon (BC) aerosol contaminated air has potential for human health and climate change. A comprehensive investigation of BC concentration and its source apportionment distribution in the atmosphere of three traffic sites in East India was conducted using the portable Aethalometer (AE-33). The results showed that concentrations of BC ranged from 2.48 to 47.57 μg m−3 were minimum in Ranchi (RNC, 10.39 ± 2.48 μg m−3) and maximum in Jamshedpur (JSR, 18.22 ± 10.76 μg m−3). The average BC mass concentrations were reported as 18.22 ± 10.76 μg m−3, 14.18 ± 3.14 μg m−3, and 10.39 ± 2.48 μg m−3 at JSR, DHN (Dhanbad), and RNC, respectively. This was attributed to a high volume of traffic and a dense population in JSR compared to other sites. The airborne particulate particles arrived from various directions, as evidenced by backward trajectories. According to the diagnostic ratio analysis of BC, it was observed that the highest contribution of fossil fuel was reported at DHN (57%) and the highest contribution of biomass burning was reported at RNC (53%). Apart from explaining BC's atmospheric impacts, the health risk measurement of BC during various traffic sites over East India is also demonstrated in order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests are complex ecosystems comprising various trophic levels responsible for carrying out various biogeochemical processes and providing ecosystem services. However, forests in Asia are doubly challenged by climate change and air pollution. The rapidly changing air quality, with increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs), trace gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ozone (O3) also causes global warming leading to climate change, thus jointly creating a challenging condition for the forest ecosystem. The impact on forest ecosystems of the two anthropogenic stressors, viz., climate change and air pollution, requires global attention. These two stressors have been widely studied separately but their combined impact on the forest ecosystem has not been studied extensively, particularly in the Asian region. In this review article, we attempt to explore the importance of interlinking air pollution and climate change impact on Asian forests, by studying the decline of different forest types as a background and markers of forest ecosystem degradation. Our main aim is to understand and summarise the past and ongoing research in this area and to facilitate researchers and policymakers to upgrade their research, policies, and management strategies in the area of integration of air pollution and climate change impact on forest ecosystems in the Asian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government has identified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) management as a key priority in the fourteenth Five‐Year Plan (2021–2025) to alleviate ground‐level ozone (O3) air pollution. To provide scientific support for VOCs management, we developed the localized maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) for 57 VOCs species (prescribed by the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS)) in eight representative cities and averaged urban conditions over Central‐Eastern China, with application of the Master Chemical Mechanism box model coupled with solid observational constraints. Though the exact environmental conditions differ among cities, all of them are in VOCs‐limited O3 formation regime, underlining the importance of VOCs to O3 formation. The MIRs constructed based on regional average scenarios are well representative of those constructed based on individual cities, with Guangzhou as an exception due to its vast variance in chemical environments. The localized MIRs displayed the same overall pattern as the U.S. MIRs, but differed largely with respect to a few species (especially alkenes), owing to a combined influence of many factors. We applied the localized MIRs to quantify the concentration‐weighted ozone formation potential (OFP), which elucidate the importance of aromatics to O3 formation in the Chinese metropolitan areas. The top 10 key VOC species together with their explicitly tracked emission sources were determined, which could offer references for the formulation of effective control policies. The localized MIRs developed in this study can be applied to quantify OFPs for VOCs in Chinese cities, which has a great significance to VOCs management and O3 pollution control. Plain Language Summary: Tropospheric ozone is a key component of photochemical smog and would adversely affect human health and climate change. The ozone formation in Chinese metropolitan areas is usually limited by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that include a large variety of species. Evaluating the reactivity of individual VOC species and their effects on ozone formation has been hindered due to the lack of localized Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) values. In this study, we addressed this issue by developing the MIRs based upon a combination of representative Chinese urban conditions and detailed chemical box modeling. We reveal that regional average MIRs are well representative of MIRs for most individual cities via inter‐comparison of the localized results in China. In contrast, there is a noneligible difference in MIRs between China and the U.S., owing to influence of the chemical mechanisms and atmospheric environmental conditions. These findings have great significance for VOCs control in China and other countries suffering from serious ozone air pollution. Key Points: Localized maximum incremental reactivities (MIRs) were established for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in major Chinese metropolitan areasRegional average MIRs are well representative of MIRs for most individual citiesLocalized MIRs and US MIRs shared a similar pattern but differed for a few species [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle air pollution is a significant problem for health and climate change that can be solved by several approaches. The route is one of the many components to be considered. In this work, we propose a statistical analysis of a large FCD database in November 2017 in Lyon (France) in order to find alternative sustainable trips and evaluate potential emission reductions (CO2, NOx, PM10). To this end, an innovative framework was built. First, we assessed vehicle speeds for each network section and the fifteen-minute period, when this information was reachable. Then, we used a regression random forest (RF) algorithm to fill in the missing data. This dynamical speed map allowed us to search for fewer pollutant trips, for the first ten days of November. By using COPERT emission factors (EFs) and the time-dependent Dijkstra algorithm, we successfully identified between 51% and 72% of alternative sustainable paths, depending on the engine technology and the pollutant. We investigated the influence of vehicle technology. In all cases, the number of alternative trips found tends to be the same as soon as the emission savings exceed 5%. Moreover, about 400 trips out of 11,000 have the potential to mitigate about 20% of emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is amongst the most serious issues nowadays. Climate change has become a concern for the scientific community as it could affect human health. Researchers have found that climate change potentially impacts human mental health, especially among depressive patients. However, the relationship is still unclear and needs further investigation. The purpose of this systematic review is to systematically evaluate the evidence of the association between climate change effects on depressive patients, investigate the effects of environmental exposure related to climate change on mental health outcomes for depressive patients, analyze the current technique used to determine the relationship, and provide the guidance for future research. Articles were identified by searching specified keywords in six electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Digital Library) from 2012 until 2021. Initially, 1823 articles were assessed based on inclusion criteria. After being analyzed, only 15 studies fit the eligibility criteria. The result from included studies showed that there appears to be strong evidence of the association of environmental exposure related to climate change in depressive patients. Temperature and air pollution are consistently associated with increased hospital admission of depressive patients; age and gender became the most frequently considered vulnerability factors. However, the current evidence is limited, and the output finding between each study is still varied and does not achieve a reasonable and mature conclusion regarding the relationship between the variables. Therefore, more evidence is needed in this domain study. Some variables might have complex patterns, and hard to identify the relationship. Thus, technique used to analyze the relationship should be strengthened to identify the relevant relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects climate change and human health. Therefore, the prediction of PM2.5 level is particularly important for regulatory planning. The main objective of the study is to predict PM2.5 concentration employing an artificial neural network (ANN). The annual change in PM2.5 in Liaocheng from 2014 to 2021 shows a gradual decreasing trend. The air quality in Liaocheng during lockdown and after lockdown periods in 2020 was obviously improved compared with the same periods of 2019. The ANN employed in the study contains a hidden layer with 6 neurons, an input layer with 11 parameters, and an output layer. First, the ANN is used with 80% of data for training, then with 10% of data for verification. The value of correlation coefficient (R) for the training and validation data is 0.9472 and 0.9834, respectively. In the forecast period, it is demonstrated that the ANN model with Bayesian regularization (BR) algorithm (trainbr) obtained the best forecasting performance in terms of R (0.9570), mean absolute error (4.6 μg/m3), and root mean square error (6.6 μg/m3), respectively. The ANN model has produced accurate results. These results prove that the ANN is effective in monthly PM2.5 concentration predicting due to the fact that it can identify nonlinear relationships between the input and output variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, air pollution and consequently global warming are the major problems that the earth is faced with. These issues can influence climate change and human health. Building façades can play a significant role in the air quality of the urban environment. Therefore, this study draws upon the ability of nature in controlling carbon dioxide to compare three types of bio-façades (i.e. Water façade, Green façade, and Microalgae façade) and to identify an appropriate one. For this purpose, we analyzed documents and scientific literature qualitatively. Then, we identified the aforementioned types of biological façades and selected the most optimal one through the comparison. Additionally, for this comparison, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was employed that resulted in achieving the higher scores by the microalgae façade among other bio-façades mentioned above. The major criteria considered for the AHP analysis included climatic, economic, architectural, environmental, and structural aspects of using the noted bio-façades in buildings. It should be emphasized that the environmental aspect was obtained as the most influential criterion among others. Finally, some technical tips and design requirements for bioreactors are depicted and discussed along with their upcoming challenges and future research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All possible future emissions scenarios suggest that the magnitude and effects of climate change due to past, present and future greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions will only worsen. Personalised medicines and medicines optimisation are evolving "culture-shift" areas of clinical practice that will intuitively payback with patient benefits, and in time result in cost savings. [Extracted from the article]

Climate Change, Renewable Energy, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Global Warming Keywords: Climate Change; Renewable Energy; Greenhouse Gas Emission; Global Warming EN Climate Change Renewable Energy Greenhouse Gas Emission Global Warming 2581 2582 2 10/12/22 20220901 NES 220901 Greenhouse gas emission and climate change The relationship between climate change and energy-intensive industrial processes has been addressed repeatedly with scientific evidence that global warming is to a significant extent caused by human activity through the release of greenhouse gases (GHG).[[1], [3]] In the perspective of strengthening the global response to the increasing threat of climate change, sustainable growth, and efforts to eliminate poverty, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a special report on the impact of global warming. To maintain global warming below 1.5 °C this century, as the Paris Agreement aspires, the annual greenhouse gas emissions must be cut in half within the next eight years. [Extracted from the article]