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The application of traditional cellulosic paper is limited because of its flammability, so it is necessary to explore new materials that can be used in the field of flame‐retardant paper. Based on the synergistic effect between fibers, flame‐retardant lyocell (FRL) and calcium alginate (FRL/Ca‐Alg) composite paper is prepared by a simple but efficient method. The thermal degradation process of the composite paper is analyzed by thermogravimetric (TG) and TG analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared, the flame retardancy of the composite paper is analyzed by vertical flammability (VF) tests, limiting oxygen index test and cone calorimetry test, and the morphology of the residue after VF tests is observed by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that, the Ca‐Alg releases a large amount of CO2 before ignited, which delayed the ignited time of the composite paper; FRL reduces the effective combustion heat of composite paper during combustion, and the compact char formed by FRL effectively inhibits the smoldering of Ca‐Alg in the end stage of combustion. Based on these, the synergistic flame‐retardant effect of composite paper is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive plant species can impede the establishment and growth of native plants and affect several ecosystem properties. These properties include soil cover, nutrient cycling, fire regimes, and hydrology. Controlling invasive plants is therefore a necessary, but usually expensive, step in restoring an ecosystem. The sustainability of materials with an emphasis on the use of local resources plays an important role in the circular economy. The use of alternative fibers from invasive plants promotes local production in smaller paper mills that offer the protection of local species and the reduction of waste and invasive plants. A synthesis of the literature is needed to understand the various impacts of invasive plants and their practical control in the context of papermaking applications and to identify associated knowledge gaps. To improve our understanding of the practical application of invasive species in the paper industry, we reviewed the existing literature on invasive plant species in the area of fiber production, printability, coating solution production, dyes, and extracts, and collected information on the major invasive plant species in Europe and the methods used for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although styrene acrylate emulsions (SAE) have demonstrated promising applications as surface sizing agents for paper, their strengthening effect on pulp fibers in papermaking is not clear. In this study, bagasse fibers, an agricultural waste, were treated with SAE to study the influences on the mechanical properties of the produced papers. SAE copolymers with hard chain (H‐PSA) and soft chain (S‐PSA) were prepared and added to bagasse pulp slurry at concentrations of 1%–4% by weight. The findings indicated that for the soft and hard copolymers, the glass transition temperatures were 19.5 and 26.8°C and their emulsion particle sizes were 166 and 182 nm, respectively. The copolymers strengthened the produced paper by wrapping around and forming a network of chemical and physical bonds with the pulp fibers. Papers treated with 3% H‐PSA exhibited the optimum improvement in tensile strength (38 MPa) and breaking length (67 m) by 13% and 64%, respectively. Treated papers were negatively affected by UV radiation due to phenyl groups spread along the chains. The copolymers demonstrated good wet‐strength properties achieved by self‐ and co‐crosslinked networks. The prepared paper sheets showed a preference for the mechanical properties of treated samples over the untreated ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds is the most important degradation mechanism affecting cellulose‐based materials. It results in the decrease of DP and in the loss of the original mechanical properties. The neutralization of acidity is therefore one of the most efficient ways to hamper the degradation of cellulosic artworks. However, in the case of acidic and strongly degraded artifacts, in addition to deacidification, a consolidation treatment must be performed. To this aim, a new class of biopolymers, obtained by a synthetic procedure that considers the principles of Sustainable Chemistry, was investigated. Three allyl saccharide/vinyl acetate copolymers, having different molar ratios between starting monomers, were prepared using α,α'‐trehalose, and used to synthesize the corresponding allyl saccharide/vinyl alcohol copolymers. The use of saccharide derivatives as monomers improves the affinity and compatibility of the biopolymer with the artifacts to be treated. After characterization, the efficacy of the copolymers in the strengthening of degraded paper was evaluated with mechanical tests. The most effective system was thus selected for further testing. Its performance was compared to that of Klucel G®, a commercial product belonging to the class of cellulose derivatives, which are largely used in conservation practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive review explores recent advancements in the manufacturing of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based cellulose nanopaper (CNP). The analysis delves into customizing CNPs through nanofiber manufacturing, mechanical refining, and chemical treatments. The report underscores the growing interest in CNPs derived from CNF due to their exceptional properties and eco-friendly attributes. CNP strength significantly enhanced through mechanical refining encompassing cellulose nanofibrillation were breaking down of cellulose into nanofibers takes place. Conversely, dense CNF network formed through filtration and casting method. Chemical treatments such as dispersion, functionalization, and coating methods followed by drying and consolidation introduce custom functionalities for diverse applications. These applications span packaging, electronics, energy harvesting, EMI shielding, optoelectronics, nanogenerators, transparent conducting films, water treatment, bioelectronics, and neuromorphic computing. The study conducts an in-depth investigation to assess CNP's effects on promoting sustainability and minimizing environmental waste, making a significant contribution to the circular economy. This investigation underscores the pursuit of innovation and aligns with the principles of progressing toward a more environmentally sustainable future. [Display omitted] • Explores CNF production, refining and chemical treatments for CNP customization. • Remarkable properties of CNP draw academic and industrial interest. • CNP applied in packaging, electronics, energy, and environmental science. • Investigates role of CNP in circular economy. • Emphasizes CNPs as eco-friendly, fostering innovation and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bin packing problem (BPP) is one of the fastest-growing research issues within the field of combinatorial optimization. Over the last years, several studies carried out various BPP variants, mathematical models, and proposed methods to the BPPs. The classical BPP consists of packing a set of rectangular items in a minimum number of rectangular bins while respecting some constraints.Throughout the years, an improved typology was introduced by Wäscher et al. (2007), providing an excellent instrument for the organization and categorization criteria that defined the problem categories different from those of Dyckhoff (1990). Several early literature reviews have been conducted on various aspects of related packing problem variants.The contribution of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and refined taxonomy intended for BPPs. In addition to that, it is an up-to-date review based on a chronological taxonomy of the literature and depicts further research horizons.This systematic review allowed us to identify other characteristics and constraints, based on Wäscher's original ideas, mainly distinguished according to real cases studies. The detailed analysis provides a valuable framework for understanding the research gaps for future studies that should be acknowledged while proposing and solving new extensions. Note: The addresses of second and third authors have been corrected online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aimed at a systematic review of the role of FinTech in enhancing the digital transformation of Saudi Arabian banks. Google Scholar was searched with related search terms to finally select 28 papers using the PRISMA process of screening and selection. There were very few papers directly dealing with the use of FinTech as a tool for digital transformation in banks, not specifically in traditional banks. There were a few papers on digital tools used in FinTech. Overall, the digital transformation of any kind of bank using FinTech tools had been slow and a small percentage of the total. The situation was worse in the case of Saudi banks despite the large amounts of budgetary allocations for technologies in banking as a part of its Vision 2030. This was because of the late entry of Saudi Arabia into these concepts. The need for Islamic banks to follow Sharia rules was not found to be a great problem. All these points indicate to the need for greater acceleration of using FinTech tools for the digital transformation of Saudi traditional banks. Some limitations of this review are the low rigour of the available papers due to methodological limitations, discussion papers without empirical data dominating and a wide range of aims provided in the papers. The need for substantially more work on Saudi banks has been highlighted. The validity of the conclusions from this review needs to be verified using empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing land registration systems have several issues like dual ownership, fraudulent or incomplete registries. The existing system also includes a lot of middle men which makes it prone to malicious acts and results in a vulnerable system. Keeping track of who owns which part of land is a big challenge. To overcome this problem blockchain technology is used. Use of blockchain will remove middle men, increase trust, efficiency of the system and reduce corruption. This paper highlights the issues related to the current system such as authenticity, centralization, reliability, transparency, etc and proposes a better method using ethereum blockchain and smart contracts to overcome this problem. Blockchain method provides identification of true ownership of land, authenticity and transparency in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, there has been significant progress in non-invasive sampling techniques, which serve as effective tools in treating and managing various chronic diseases. Among these techniques, dried saliva spot (DSS) sampling of human saliva has emerged as a prominent alternative to serum for detecting targeted molecules. The diagnostic potential of saliva has been extensively studied, highlighting its applicability across a spectrum of diseases. In addition to DSS, other sampling methods, such as dried plasma spots, dried blood spots, and dried matrix spots, have been explored. Various types of filter papers have been employed in DSS sampling procedures, with notable examples including the utilization of Whatman™ 903 Protein Saver cards for identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or LC-mass spectrometry analysis. Following sample collection onto the respective filter paper, specialized tools are employed to facilitate subsequent processes such as solvent extraction, evaluation of extraction, and drying times. DSS has found diverse applications, including the analysis of lidocaine in human saliva, serving as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus, detecting antiepileptic, antipsychotic, and antidepressant drugs in oral fluid, identifying spinal muscle atrophy, determining uric acid levels in saliva, analyzing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody levels, and detecting carriage of S. pneumoniae using (PCR). The utilization of DSS sampling represents a novel approach in the management and treatment of various chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐cellulose composites (ACCs) were prepared by partially dissolving cellulose in the filter paper using NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution. The effects of dissolution time, thiourea ratio, and temperature on the properties of ACCs were investigated. ACCs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and tensile tests. The results revealed that the fibers in ACCs were tightly intertwined. The crystalline form of cellulose in ACCs was transformed from type I to type I/II mixture, and the crystallinity decreased from 77.32 to 51.40%. The tensile strength of ACCs was remarkably improved to 23.16 MPa. The results confirmed ACCs had a high potential for practical applications in the packaging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial transformation led by digitization-related technologies has attracted research attention in recent decades, enhancing its application in different sectors. The transport industry is a crucial driving force for economic growth and social development. It is still necessary to make transportation infrastructure and services safer, cleaner, and more affordable to cope with increasing urbanization and mobility. This paper systematically examines the science mapping of building information modeling and digital twins technologies in the digitalization of transportation. Through the bibliometric and content analysis approaches, 493 related documents were screened and analyzed from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The software programs VOSviewer and Bibliometrix were used to determine research trends and current gaps, which will be beneficial to future research in this vital field. The results showed that over 80% of the relevant documents have been published since 2018. China is the most productive country, followed by the United States and Italy, and Germany is the most cited and influential country. Moreover, research also revealed the leading authors, top journals, and highly cited papers. The findings may be used as a guide for: (1) improving the efficiency of intelligent transportation system element management; (2) the development and application of digital technologies; (3) the flow and goals of entire-life-cycle management; and (4) the optimization of related algorithms and models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is a rich natural polymer material, which has the characteristics of biodegradability, environmental friendliness and good biocompatibility. However, compared with conventional materials, there are some shortcomings in performance, such as intolerance corrosion, limited strength and so on. The chemical modification of cellulose not only retains its own excellent characteristics, but also introduces functional groups to endow it with specific properties. The chemical modification and utilization of cellulose has been the focus of research. In this paper, the latest advances in chemical modification of cellulose, such as esterification, etherification and grafting modification, are introduced. The research and application results of cellulose derivatives in food, wastewater treatment, medicine and papermaking in recent years are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider and study in detail the generalized Fox–Wright function Ψ ˜ q p introduced in our recent work as an extension of the Fox–Wright function Ψ q p . This special function can be seen as an important case of the so-called I-functions of Rathie and H ¯ -functions of Inayat-Hussain, that in turn extend the Fox H-functions and appear to include some Feynman integrals in statistical physics, in polylogarithms, in Riemann Zeta-type functions and in other important mathematical functions. Depending on the parameters, Ψ ˜ q p is an entire function or is analytic in an open disc with a final radius. We derive its basic properties, such as its order and type, and its images under the Laplace transform and under classical fractional-order integrals. Particular cases of Ψ ˜ q p are specified, including the Mittag-Leffler and Le Roy-type functions and their multi-index analogues and many other special functions of Fractional Calculus. The corresponding results are illustrated. Finally, we emphasize the role of these new generalized hypergeometric functions as eigenfunctions of operators of new Fractional Calculus with specific I-functions as singular kernels. This paper can be considered as a natural supplement to our previous surveys "Going Next after 'A Guide to Special Functions in Fractional Calculus': A Discussion Survey", and "A Guide to Special Functions of Fractional Calculus", published recently in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern language generation model ChatGPT, created by Open Artificial Intelligence (AI), is recognised for its capacity to comprehend context and produce pertinent content. This model is built on the transformer architecture, which enables it to process massive volumes of data and produce text that is both cohesive and illuminating. Service is a crucial component everywhere as it provides the basis for establishing client rapport and offering aid and support. In healthcare, the application of ChatGPT for patient service support has been one of the most significant advances in recent years. ChatGPT can help overcome language obstacles and improve patient satisfaction by facilitating communication with healthcare personnel and understanding of care. It can assist in enhancing the entire patient experience by offering personalised information and support to patients and making it more straightforward for them to communicate with healthcare professionals. Its goal can be to expedite and streamline service by promptly and accurately responding to customers. Businesses of all sizes increasingly use ChatGPT since it allows them to provide 24/7 customer support without requiring human contact. This paper briefly discusses ChatGPT and the need for better services. Various perspectives on improving customer and patient services through ChatGPT are discussed. The article also discussed the major key enablers of ChatGPT for refining customer and patient assistance. Further, the paper identifies and discusses the critical application areas of ChatGPT for customer and patient service. With its ability to handle several requests simultaneously, respond quickly and accurately to client questions, and gain knowledge from every interaction, ChatGPT is revolutionising customer and patient service. Its accessibility and compatibility with various communication channels make it a desirable solution for businesses looking to improve support. As technology advances, ChatGPT is positioned to become an essential tool for businesses wishing to provide speedy and customised service. Although ChatGPT may give convincing solutions, the chance of providing accurate and updated information poses a problem for its usage in service jobs that need accurate and up-to-date information. In future, various services will become better and more efficient due to ChatGPT and AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text matching, as a core technology of natural language processing, plays a key role in tasks such as question-and-answer systems and information retrieval. In recent years, the development of neural networks, attention mechanisms, and large-scale language models has significantly contributed to the advancement of text-matching technology. However, the rapid development of the field also poses challenges in fully understanding the overall impact of these technological improvements. This paper aims to provide a concise, yet in-depth, overview of the field of text matching, sorting out the main ideas, problems, and solutions for text-matching methods based on statistical methods and neural networks, as well as delving into matching methods based on large-scale language models, and discussing the related configurations, API applications, datasets, and evaluation methods. In addition, this paper outlines the applications and classifications of text matching in specific domains and discusses the current open problems that are being faced and future research directions, to provide useful references for further developments in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal pollution is a gradually growing environmental issue that hinders the growth and development of plants, and also destabilizes soil. Consequently, eco-friendly phytoremediation methods have gained traction, with energy crops emerging as a particularly effective solution. Energy crops not only provide high-quality plant materials for detoxification and remediation of heavy metal pollution, but also possess energy properties conducive to biofuel production. Therefore, this paper delves into the tolerance mechanism of energy crops towards heavy metal toxicity, elucidating processes such as root complex-mediated inhibition of metal migration and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) through heavy metal-related proteins, enzyme systems, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and hormones. Moreover, it summarizes the heavy metals remediation mechanisms of energy crops, including uptake, translocation, chelation, immobilization, and sequestration. This paper explores applications of energy crops in heavy metal pollution remediation, emphasizing the methods for efficient biochar remediation and biofuel generation. Furthermore, potential challenges in using energy crops for heavy metal pollution remediation are outlined. By systematically examining the function mechanisms and prospective applications of energy crops in heavy metal pollution bioremediation, this paper serves as a valuable reference for both research and practical implementation in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This review concludes the advantages of heat pipe technology and its application in permafrost regions are summarized, which can also provide recommendations for permafrost protection measures. Permafrost spans approximately 23–25% of the land in the northern hemisphere, primarily found in Russia, Canada, USA, and China. Numerous engineering projects, particularly those related to transportation, are situated within these permafrost regions. Due to the impact of highway construction and global warming, the permafrost beneath the infrastructure is deteriorating, leading to significant damage. Two phases closed thermosyphon (TPCT) is a widely accepted green countermeasure against the problem in permafrost regions. Although it has been applied to prevent permafrost degradation, their application presents significant challenges on account of the stronger endothermic action of asphalt pavement. This paper focused on a review of the thermosyphon technology and application in the permafrost. Moreover, the article highlighted the excellent working performance of the TPCT that improves the stability of the infrastructures and prevents it degrading due its excellent efficiency in terms of heat transfer. The industrial applications of the TPCT were also summarized, along with their limitations. Ultimately, the findings presented in this paper can offer crucial insights for future TPCT design and development in permafrost areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision medicine is emerging as an integral component in delivering care in the health system leading to better diagnosis and optimizing the treatment of patients. This growth is due to the new technologies in the data science field that have led to the ability to model complex diseases. Precision medicine is based on genomics and omics facilities that provide information about molecular proteins and biomarkers that could lead to discoveries for the treatment of patients suffering from various diseases. However, the main problems related to precision medicine are the ability to analyze, interpret, and integrate data. Hence, there is a lack of smooth transition from conventional to precision medicine. Therefore, this work reviews the limitations and discusses the benefits of overcoming them if big data tools are utilized and merged with precision medicine. The results from this review indicate that most of the literature focuses on the challenges rather than providing flexible solutions to adapt big data to precision medicine. As a result, this paper adds to the literature by proposing potential technical, educational, and infrastructural solutions in big data for a better transition to precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey explores the symbiotic relationship between Machine Learning (ML) and music, focusing on the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the musical sphere. Beginning with a historical contextualization of the intertwined trajectories of music and technology, the paper discusses the progressive use of ML in music analysis and creation. Emphasis is placed on present applications and future potential. A detailed examination of music information retrieval, automatic music transcription, music recommendation, and algorithmic composition presents state-of-the-art algorithms and their respective functionalities. The paper underscores recent advancements, including ML-assisted music production and emotion-driven music generation. The survey concludes with a prospective contemplation of future directions of ML within music, highlighting the ongoing growth, novel applications, and anticipation of deeper integration of ML across musical domains. This comprehensive study asserts the profound potential of ML to revolutionize the musical landscape and encourages further exploration and advancement in this emerging interdisciplinary field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and communication technologies are spreading rapidly due to their fast proliferation in many fields. The number of Internet users has led to a spike in cyber-attack incidents. E-commerce applications, such as online banking, marketing, trading, and other online businesses, play an integral role in our lives. Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is essential to protect the network from unauthorized access and against other cyber-attacks. The existing NIDS systems are based on the Backward Oracle Matching (BOM) algorithm, which minimizes the false alarm rate and causes of high packet drop ratio. This paper discussed the existing NIDS systems and different used pattern-matching techniques regarding their weaknesses and limitations. To address the existing system issues, this paper proposes an enhanced version of the BOM algorithm by using multiple pattern-matching methods for the NIDS system to improve the network performance. The proposed solution is tested in simulation with existing solutions using the Snort and NSL-KDD datasets. The experimental results indicated that the proposed solution performed better than the existing solutions and achieved a 5.17% detection rate and a 0.22% lower false alarm rate than the existing solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media have become very popular as the number of users, organizations and research associated continue to increase rapidly. As such, user profiling becomes prominent as it enables the extraction of information and knowledge pertaining to users from their profiles. There is a growing number of current literatures related to social media and user profiling, but none that demonstrates both as a general entity or overview. Hence a distinctive representation of related attributes will enhance understanding and knowledge in this field. In this paper, bibliometric analysis was conducted to review social media profiling trends across Scopus-indexed publications from 2012 to 2022. The study analyzed distribution of keywords and VOS viewer software was used for data visualization. The findings and analysis lead to the development of a taxonomy to classify social media user profiling through several attributes—data source, trends, applications, techniques and current approaches. Moreover, the paper discusses key challenges of profiling in social media and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ship's Digital Twin (SDT) is a digital record of a ship's behaviour or a software clone, which can be used to simulate scenarios that are expensive or hardly feasible to perform on a real object and especially in real time. The purpose of the SDT is to achieve cost reduction, obtain timely warnings of irregularities, and optimise individual ship system performances or the operation of the whole ship and to assist ship management. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept of the SDT and clarify some perplexities that may occur from initial introduction to concept. To that end, the paper identifies the steps in the SDT formulation process and methods used in each step of the process. Furthermore, a four-step iterative procedure for the SDT development is proposed. The applications of the concept are numerous, and some of them are presented in a review analysis in this paper. The presented analysis leads to a conclusion that should give some direction to future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart living, an increasingly prominent concept, entails incorporating sophisticated technologies in homes and urban environments to elevate the quality of life for citizens. A critical success factor for smart living services and applications, from energy management to healthcare and transportation, is the efficacy of human action recognition (HAR). HAR, rooted in computer vision, seeks to identify human actions and activities using visual data and various sensor modalities. This paper extensively reviews the literature on HAR in smart living services and applications, amalgamating key contributions and challenges while providing insights into future research directions. The review delves into the essential aspects of smart living, the state of the art in HAR, and the potential societal implications of this technology. Moreover, the paper meticulously examines the primary application sectors in smart living that stand to gain from HAR, such as smart homes, smart healthcare, and smart cities. By underscoring the significance of the four dimensions of context awareness, data availability, personalization, and privacy in HAR, this paper offers a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners striving to advance smart living services and applications. The methodology for this literature review involved conducting targeted Scopus queries to ensure a comprehensive coverage of relevant publications in the field. Efforts have been made to thoroughly evaluate the existing literature, identify research gaps, and propose future research directions. The comparative advantages of this review lie in its comprehensive coverage of the dimensions essential for smart living services and applications, addressing the limitations of previous reviews and offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realm of 3D printing is rapidly evolving, offering a wide range of options from typical thermoplastics to advanced graphene-based composites. This technology improves production efficiency and gives consumers more control over customizing products and specifications. However, alongside its transformative potential, 3D printing also presents challenges, such as potential impacts on manufacturing jobs and security issues. Since its modest beginnings in developing visualization models, 3D printing has evolved to transform the manufacturing of distinct devices, implants, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug delivery systems. This paper explores the most recent progress in 3D printing materials, including smart materials, ceramics, electronics, biomaterials, and composites, emphasizing the significance of adapting to changing materials and product requirements. It delves into the complex connection between printing parameters and the characteristics of printed composite parts, providing new opportunities to improve the strength and functionality of 3D-printed components. This review highlights how 3D printing can be utilized in various industries, such as medical devices and explosives research, using materials such as titanium, aluminum, carbon fiber, and thermoplastic polyurethanes. With the continuous growth of the 3D printing field, it is essential to adopt new methods and materials to fully realize its impact on the future of manufacturing and product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to investigate the possibility of using alkaline-based binders made from the industrial waste produced by ceramic tiles in the field of conservation and the restoration of monuments and archaeological heritage. Geopolymer mortars, which are environmentally sustainable products obtained by chemical consolidation at room temperature, are studied for their versatility in applications as reintegration or bedding mortars and pre-cast elements, namely bricks, tiles or missing parts for archaeological pottery, as an alternative to traditional not sustainable products. Starting from a well-established formulation, the function of the product, meaning its technical characteristics and its workability, was optimized by changing the aggregates used, by adding a Ca-rich compound or by changing the liquid/solid ratio with the use of tap water. The possibility of tailoring the finishing of the obtained products was also evaluated. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the influence of adding the additive with the presence of newly formed phases, which positively affect the product's workability. On the contrary, no important variations were observed with the increase in the water content of the same formulation, opening up the possibility of managing it according to the required fluidity of the final product. Good results were observed, jumping above the laboratory scale and overcoming criticalities linked to the variabilities on site and the higher volume of materials used for industrial processes. The present research also demonstrates that ceramic-based geopolymers are suitable for application in a large variety of cultural heritage projects and with different purposes. Therefore, the paper encourages the use of alkali-activated mortars for green restoration, specifically given the wide range of ceramic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing complexity of optical networks to support a multitude of services leads to massive amounts of data. Moreover, any interruption, even momentary, can cause huge data losses, leading to a poor customer experience. The use of machine learning in various domains has been proposed and tested over the past decades. In this study we will propose a tool for estimating the transmission quality of optical connections before their establishment in the network, based on machine learning algorithms. A high level of service is guaranteed at any geographical location on both fixed and mobile equipment. The Internet of Things will connect billions of devices and sensors. The latency of data in 5G networks will be only one millisecond, compared to 50 ms for current systems. This is important because minimised latency will make near real-time communications possible, such as between two unmanned vehicles travelling in tandem at relatively high speeds or for applied virtual reality The main role of our paper is to study the analysis of the papers that have been published before on next generation antennas, in this area and see how to study and model the different algorithms of IOT and also of 6th generation antennas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the technical specifications of the 5th Generation (5G) wireless communication standard are being wrapped up, there are growing efforts amongst researchers, industrialists, and standardisation bodies on the enabling technologies of a 6G standard or the so-called Beyond 5G (B5G) one. Although the 5G standard has presented several benefits, there are still some limitations within it. Such limitations have motivated the setting up of study groups to determine suitable technologies that should operate in the year 2030 and beyond, i.e., after 5G. Consequently, this Special Issue of Future Internet concerning what possibilities lie ahead for a 6G wireless network includes four high-quality research papers (three of which are review papers with over 412 referred sources and one regular research). This editorial piece summarises the major contributions of the articles and the Special Issue, outlining future directions for new research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles, considered building blocks of nanotechnology, are a topic of widespread research due to their extraordinary properties that are useful in diverse sectors. Among all nanoparticle types, TiO2 (anatase) has drawn the most attention, primarily because of its superhydrophilic properties and effective antibacterial actions. Its applications include self-cleaning of solid surfaces, treatment of water and air, production of clean energy, treatment of microbial infections, pesticide management, etc. making TiO2 a focal point of research in materials science. However, the lack of photosensitivity to visible light (>390 nm) reduces the scope for utilising TiO2 in photocatalytic processes. Therefore, most studies on TiO2 nanoparticles have focused on broadening their spectral sensitivity through band gap manipulation for effective photocatalysis under visible light. Researchers have doped/co-doped metals and non-metals, such as N, C, F, S, B, Cu, Fe, V, Pt, etc. to nano-TiO2 to shorten its band gap with varying degrees of success. This review paper mainly focuses on the mechanism and effectivity of N and Fe co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The progress of scientific research on TiO2 photocatalysis has introduced an array of new applications using TiO2 nanoparticles, and these applications have also been discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over recent years, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely used as a substrate material for flexible strain sensors due to its remarkable mechanical flexibility and the ease of combining various conductive materials by electrospinning. Many research advances have been made in the preparation of flexible strain sensors with better ductility, higher sensitivity, and wider sensing range by using TPU in combination with various conductive materials through electrospinning. However, there is a lack of reviews that provide a systematic and comprehensive summary and outlook of recent research advances in this area. In this review paper, the working principles of strain sensors and electrospinning technology are initially described. Subsequently, recent advances in strain sensors based on electrospun TPU are tracked and discussed, with a focus on the incorporation of various conductive fillers such as carbonaceous materials, MXene, metallic materials, and conductive polymers. Moreover, the wide range of applications of electrospun TPU flexible strain sensors is thoroughly discussed. Finally, the future prospects and challenges of electrospun TPU flexible strain sensors in various fields are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)-based optical fiber is one of the research hotspots in the field of fiber lasers due to its combined advantages of a wide doping range of rare earth ions and the high mechanical strength of YAG material, as well as the flexibility and small size of the fiber structure. YAG-based optical fibers and related laser devices can be used in communication, sensing, medicine, etc. A comprehensive review of YAG-based optical fibers is provided in this paper. Firstly, the fabrication processes of YAG-based optical fibers are summarized and the structure and properties of fibers are classified and compared. Secondly, according to the optical wavelength regions, rare earth-doped YAG-based optical fibers for the applications of single-frequency and mode-locked fiber lasers are summarized. Lastly, the development challenges in both the fabrication and applications of YAG-based optical fibers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]