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Runaway accidents caused by vehicle braking have been extensively studied from the perspective of passenger safety. The traditional escape ramp alleviates such conditions to some extent, which places higher demands on human protection and more complex application scenarios (slope and long-distance site requirements). This paper proposes a new type of escape ramp arresting system (ERAS) and developed a novel type of variable cable force damper. The combination of the damper and the arresting net in the ERAS could more effectively restrict the speed of the runaway vehicle and ensure the safety of the occupants, while being able to adapt to more practical scenarios (flat slopes and short-distance site requirements). Six sets of real low- and high-speed intercept tests with different models were conducted to obtain some key data, such as the acceleration of the vehicle’s center of gravity, the impact velocity of occupants, and the sequence diagram of the vehicle during the impact. The vehicle impact force at low speed and the crash safety performance were effectively evaluated. The results indicated ERAS was applicable to runaway vehicles including sedans and large buses (60–120 km=h), but further optimization was needed for overweight trucks. In addition, the paper provides valuable experimental data for the future study of real vehicle crash tests and the calibration of the finite-element model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into examining the practical problems facing the police during the implementation of the arrest procedure within the realm of criminal justice administration. Employing a comparative analytical approach, the study juxtaposes the legal framework of the United States of America and the State of Kuwait, where the study traced the legal texts, judicial rulings, and regulations regarding the behavior of police officers in both systems. It has been shown through this study that some of these problems are due to legislative texts, others are related to practical practices, others are due to social problems, and some are related to the scientific (academic) aspect. Through a comprehensive exploration of these critical aspects, the paper contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on the challenges within the arrest process and underscores the need to address unresolved issues to enhance the efficacy of criminal justice administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the issue of deprivation of liberty in misdemeanour proceedings in the context of both pre-trial detention standards and penitentiary standards set out in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the documents of the European Union. The fundamental human right to liberty can be restricted in misdemeanour proceedings in accordance with the Misdemeanour Act of the Republic of Croatia, following a police arrest or based on a court decision on detention to ensure the defendant's presence. The paper aims to analyse material and procedural conditions for the arrest and detention, and the conditions for the execution of both the detention measure and the prison sentence imposed in misdemeanour proceedings within the Croatian prison system. In addition to the rich jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, which has been developing and strengthening detention standards and the rights of prisoners for decades, the past decade has been marked by intensive activities of the European Union in matters related to persons deprived of their liberty in criminal proceedings. Considering that the issue of deprivation of liberty in misdemeanour proceedings has not been systematically addressed in Croatian literature, the paper will particularly analyse how these standards established in binding and non-binding legal instruments apply to and affect issues related to deprivation of liberty in Croatian misdemeanour proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improper arrest or detention of individuals represents a critical human rights concern with far-reaching implications for the rule of law, justice, and social harmony. This research paper addresses a vital and important topic, which is the reasons for the ineffectiveness of legislative measures in reducing the occurrence of illegal arrests. This paper undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of the legal systems in some of the United States and Kuwait states, focusing on the sanctions employed to deter and redress improper arrests and detentions. It became clear from this study that common and similar reasons between the two systems would prevent the effectiveness of legislative measures (criminal, functional, and the rule of excluding evidence resulting from the illegal procedure) from achieving its goal. This study concluded that the reasons for legislative measures not achieving their goals are of a different nature, including the lack of sincere desire to implement these measures by the relevant agencies, as well as the difficulty of implementing some of these measures in practice. Finally, this study recommended the need for a legislative, judicial, and executive review of these measures and the need to adopt means to monitor the effectiveness of these measures and the mechanism for their effective implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the physics of crack-path formation in single-crystalline 3 C -SiC containing an isolated pore as a combination of three physical processes: bifurcation, arrest, and renucleation. Results show that, depending on the symmetry of the crystal structure, three distinctive crack paths form: (i) crack bifurcates and propagates in the domain without being affected by the pore, (ii) crack bifurcates and interacts strongly with the pore leading to a termination of the propagating crack, and (iii) crack does not bifurcate, retains its propagation path on the symmetry plane, and gets arrested at the pore. The continued growth of the terminated crack requires crack renucleation at the pore edge, and the renucleation event enhances the effective toughness of the domain. The degree of toughness enhancement depends on the pore diameter, the crack length, and the crack–pore distance. While the crystallographic anisotropy forms the basis for bifurcation, the conditions for bifurcation and arrest are governed by the strength of elastic interactions emanating from the crack tip and the pore edge. As such, there exists a critical crack–pore distance of 40 nm below which the crack–porosity interaction is strong enough to enforce the bifurcated crack to divert toward the pore, leading to instant termination of its growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social science researchers as well as legal practitioners in India are yet to explore how imprisonment of a person affects his or her entire familial set-up. The existing literature suggests myriad problems associated with the imprisonment of a family member, categorized under social, economic and psychological arenas. Methodologically, the present paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted from March 2012 to February 2013 in Central Jail, Srinagar, with prisoners and their families. This paper primarily attempts to explore how imprisonment affects the families of prisoners? It also attempts to explore how families respond to the imprisonment of their family member, their coping patterns, their encounter with the wings of criminal justice system and other collateral damages. The study yielded multiple results ranging from disturbances in socio-economic affairs to disputes in inter-familial and intra-familial relationships and weakening of community ties besides other socio-economic disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a U.S. resident is arrested by immigration authorities, significant financial losses immediately begin to accumulate to themselves and to their immediate family. Drawing on a survey of 125 households in Pima County, AZ, this paper examines the scope of these financial losses; the strategies that household members deploy to absorb and manage these losses; and their downstream repercussions for those activities and infrastructures associated with everyday and generational household social reproduction. Attention to these issues foregrounds the collective dimensions of harm - e.g., how the destabilizing effects of arrest, detention and/or deportation are never experienced by any individual in isolation, but rather multiply across those persons and relationships of dependency, care and support to whom these individuals remain connected over time. Given the disproportionate concentration of U.S. immigration policing on communities of Latin American origin, these outcomes carry important implications for the articulation of everyday conditions of labor, inequality and accumulation under racial capitalism. At the same time, people respond to the disruption of relationships of home and family through new practices, relationships and institutions of mutual aid, solidarity and struggle. What results is movement: novel patterns of collective life that transform the very communities whose members the state is attempting to violently separate. By exploring this latter dynamic, the paper contributes to emerging literatures on carceral and abolition geographies, connecting everyday conditions of social reproduction and the production and circulation of value to a broader dialectic of community resistance against state violence and material dispossession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to its highly aggressiveness and malignancy, glioblastoma (GBM) urgently requires a safe and effective treatment strategy. Zeylenone, a natural polyoxygenated cyclohexenes compound isolated from Uvaria grandiflora, has exhibited potential biological activities in various human diseases, including tumors. Methods: We designed and synthesized a series of (+)-Zeylenone analogues and evaluated their anti-GBM roles through structural-activity analysis. Cell Counting Kit-8, TUNEL, transwell and flow cytometry were employed for investigating the anticancer effects of CA on GBM cells. Western blotting, molecular docking, qRTPCR and ChIP assays were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms by which CA regulates the GBM cell cycle. The nude mouse xenograft model, HE staining, immunohistochemistry and was used to evaluate the anticancer effect of CA in vivo. Results: We identified CA ((1R, 2R, 3S)-3-p-fluorobenzoyl-zeylenone) as having the lowest IC50 value in GBM cells. CA treatment significantly inhibited the malignant behaviors of GBM cells and induced G0/G1 phase arrest in vitro. Furthermore, we validated the molecular mechanism by which CA interferes with EZH2, attenuating the down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p16 by the PRC2 complex. By establishing orthotopic nude mice models, we further validated the inhibitory role of CA on tumorigenesis of GBM cells in vivo and its potential values to synergistically potentiate the antitumor effects of EZH2 inhibitors. Conclusion: Overall, this paper elucidated the anti-GBM effects and potential mechanisms of CA, and may provide a therapeutic drug candidate for GBM treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the University of Latvia. History / Latvijas Universitātes Žurnāls. Vēsture is the property of University of Latvia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the legal frameworks governing the taking of juveniles into custody in Kuwait and the United States. The treatment of juveniles in the criminal justice system is a critical area of concern, as it reflects a society’s commitment to safeguarding the rights and well-being of its youth. The study evaluates the need to adopt special procedures for juvenile arrests when compared to adult arrests in Kuwait. The study undertook a comparative analytical investigation of Kuwaiti and American law which are based on different legal systems. The study found that the Kuwaiti legislator should take juveniles’ nature, qualities, and characteristics into account, and based on that approach, adopt special procedures regarding juvenile arrests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delays at court are an everlasting and potentially consequential reality of criminal justice systems, although most would agree that the timely adjudication of cases is needed from both administrative, judicial, and individual perspectives. This paper uses administrative data and a policy reform in Denmark in 2007 to measure the unconfounded association between court delays – or, more specifically, time to adjudication – and criminal recidivism within 5 years. Results show that although court delays do not push more people into recidivism, the delays matter for how many crimes recidivists end up being convicted of. Also, criminality tends to be muted during the period from charge to adjudication (even in a context with low use of pretrial detention and no bail system), whereby court delays also matter for the timing of new crimes – a finding with important theoretical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quiroga: Revista de Patrimonio Iberoamericano is the property of Quiroga: Revista de Patrimonio Iberoamericano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper aims to bring forward the impact that the quality of life has on the detainees of penitentiary institutions and the way they navigate their prison living throughout their sentence. As the parameters have shown herein, the quality of life on prison detainees differs based on their assessments of life within the confined spaces of the penitentiary, including their relationships with other detainees, the support activities they are involved in and whether they have definitely been convicted or they have been in their pretrial detention period. This prerequisite has been quite important in the evaluation of the quality of life for detainees since based on these convictions, if permanent or temporary, and through the help of the survey as method of investigation, one has been able to outline the different needs, activities, opportunities and standard of living per se of the ones placed under the confinement of the law. This assessment has put forward also the relationships that the detainees have with the participation in the socio-educational programs and medical services offered within and with the participation in the sports activities carried out, while highlighting their understanding and judgment of how they are being treated inside, thus the right to humanity and decency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants evolved several mechanisms to protect themselves against viruses. Besides recessive resistance, where compatible host factors required for viral proliferation are absent or incompatible, there are (at least) two types of inducible antiviral immunity: RNA silencing (RNAi) and immune responses mounted upon activation of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors. RNAi is associated with viral symptom recovery through translational repression and transcript degradation following recognition of viral double-stranded RNA produced during infection. NLR-mediated immunity is induced upon (in)direct recognition of a viral protein by an NLR receptor, triggering either a hypersensitive response (HR) or an extreme resistance response (ER). During ER, host cell death is not apparent, and it has been proposed that this resistance is mediated by a translational arrest (TA) of viral transcripts. Recent research indicates that translational repression plays a crucial role in plant antiviral resistance. This paper reviews current knowledge on viral translational repression during viral recovery and NLR-mediated immunity. Our findings are summarized in a model detailing the pathways and processes leading to translational arrest of plant viruses. This model can serve as a framework to formulate hypotheses on how TA halts viral replication, inspiring new leads for the development of antiviral resistance in crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & methods: National protests in the summer of 2020 drew attention to the significant presence of police in marginalized communities. Recent social movements have called for substantial police reforms, including "defunding the police," a phrase originating from a larger, historical abolition movement advocating that public investments be redirected away from the criminal justice system and into social services and health care. Although research has demonstrated the expansive role of police to respond a broad range of social problems and health emergencies, existing research has yet to fully explore the capacity for health insurance policy to influence rates of arrest in the population. To fill this gap, we examine the potential effect of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on arrests in 3,035 U.S. counties. We compare county-level arrests using FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program Data before and after Medicaid expansion in 2014–2016, relative to counties in non-expansion states. We use difference-in-differences (DID) models to estimate the change in arrests following Medicaid expansion for overall arrests, and violent, drug, and low-level arrests. Results: Police arrests significantly declined following the expansion of Medicaid under the ACA. Medicaid expansion produced a 20–32% negative difference in overall arrests rates in the first three years. We observe the largest negative differences for drug arrests: we find a 25–41% negative difference in drug arrests in the three years following Medicaid expansion, compared to non-expansion counties. We observe a 19–29% negative difference in arrests for violence in the three years after Medicaid expansion, and a decrease in low-level arrests between 24–28% in expansion counties compared to non-expansion counties. Our main results for drug arrests are robust to multiple sensitivity analyses, including a state-level model. Conclusions: Evidence in this paper suggests that expanded Medicaid insurance reduced police arrests, particularly drug-related arrests. Combined with research showing the harmful health consequences of chronic policing in disadvantaged communities, greater insurance coverage creates new avenues for individuals to seek care, receive treatment, and avoid criminalization. As police reform is high on the agenda at the local, state, and federal level, our paper supports the perspective that broad health policy reforms can meaningfully reduce contact with the criminal justice system under historic conditions of mass criminalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong is the property of Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text focuses on the Russian Orthodox priest Nikolay Nikolayevich Ryzhkov, who was appointed to work in Czech Orthodox churches at the beginning of the 20th century. During that period, many people in the Czech lands converted to Orthodoxy and Ryzhkov was one of the leading organizers of Orthodox life. His activity spanned a number of fields. The main aim of the paper is to point out Ryzhkov’s activity, which left a considerable mark in the Czech context. The study also focuses on the society of Pravoslavná beseda where Ryzhkov presided in 1909–1911. Ryzhkov’s activities were cruelly punished when he was accused of plotting against Austria, and he was found guilty of Panslavic propaganda amongst Czechs by a court in Vienna. He was also accused of organizing and inciting steps leading to intervening with the unity and security of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. The goal of this work is to introduce the circumstances of the trial, the interpretation of the court file and the reaction of Ryzhkov to the arrest and conviction. We will attempt to answer the question on what charges the suspicion of treasonable activity arose and what circumstances led to these conclusions. A part of the text will also be devoted to Ryzhkov’s appeal, in which he highlighted some problematic aspects of the trial process and the prosecution itself, as well as his familiarity with the court file. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to identify sources of discrimination in police stop and search data. In part, this is due to uncertainty over the objective of discretionary police stops: Do officers aim to maximize arrests or to minimize crime? In this paper, I compare theoretical predictions implied by these two objectives to data from U.S. cities. Empirical evidence is consistent with a model of arrest maximization and inconsistent with a model of crime minimization. The findings support the validity of existing tests for discrimination that rely on the assumption that police officers maximize arrests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts to bring reform to policies and practices around pretrial detention have captured the attention of scholars, the media, activists, and lawmakers. Robust research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of pretrial detention both to individuals and the communities, including negative impacts to employment, housing, finances, family destabilization, community budgets and crime rates. Constitutional amendments, legislative enactments, criminal rule changes, and policy directives have been implemented in many places to address the problems presented by current pretrial detention practices. Accompanying these reform measures has been a correspondingly vociferous opposition to the reform movement. While criminal justice actors grapple with the implementation of the reforms, and data is collected to measure its impact, bail reform has become a popular and easy foil for politicians resulting in the roll back of reforms in many places. It is into this context that this paper introduces new research showing that criminal case arrests end in dismissal over fifty percent of the time. In a case study of bail hearings, research was collected revealing that after an arrest and bail decision, criminal cases are more likely to be dismissed either by the grand jury or for want of prosecution than to be resolved in the adjudicative process on the merits. Archival research shows that this data is consistent with dismissal rates across the country. The research also revealed that the majority of those whose cases are dismissed are unable to post bail and are detained until the time of the case dismissal. The high rate at which criminal cases are dismissed and the large number of people who are detained until dismissal underscores the need for reforms to pretrial detention practices. This is especially pressing where resistance to current bail reform strategies is growing. Outlining the social science research on what drives arrest decisions, the paper calls for systemic changes to the policies and practices around arrest decisions. The data and analysis presented advances the argument that the probable cause standard as currently operationalized facilitates erroneous arrest decisions, exacerbating the pretrial detention problem. The arguments proposed here draw on scholarly research around reforming the standard for arrests and the definition of probable cause in order to reduce the number of people subject to pretrial detention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic racism in policing impacts many aspects of the criminal legal system including the system of judicial interim release. This paper traces the ways in which reliance on police-created evidence at bail hearings might contribute to mass pretrial incarceration in Canada which is disproportionately felt by Indigenous, Black, and marginalized people. The police synopsis and police-created criminal records are state knowledge created for state purposes. This state-created evidence in fact generates race and racialization; all of the structural inequalities built into the system of policing become relied on at bail hearings through policecreated evidence which contributes to mass pretrial incarceration in Canada. In this way, policing contributes to the creation of "criminality" and it is Indigenous, Black and "vulnerable" people who disproportionately become criminalized and contained in jails. The paper concludes by pulling together the ways in which police-generated evidence constructs criminality and exemplifies how heavily weighted bail hearings are in favour of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) refers to bedside ultrasonography in the clinical setting at the site of initial presentation. Few studies have reported the use of POCUS for emergency paediatric echocardiography. METHODS This paper outlines the utility of POCUS echocardiography in three cases in Malta. RESULTS Cardiac POCUS was used with utility and value on three children in the acute resuscitation setting. DISCUSSION Echocardiography in children during resuscitation is feasible and it is possible to eyeball contractility and cardiac filling and assess the size of any pericardial effusions. Although the images obtained are inferior to those obtained in an echocardiography laboratory, useful information in real time can be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arenal.Revista de Historia de las Mujeres is the property of Arenal. Revista de Historia de las Mujeres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using as a data source the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), this paper examines the effects of childhood/adolescence circumstances and adulthood life transitions, such as marriage, parenthood, and employment, on contact with the criminal justice system (i.e., arrest) in early adulthood across a sample of first- and second-generation Latino immigrants in the United States. Results show that while good academic performance in teenage years decreases the risk of arrest later in life for both young men and women, problematic behavior in adolescence (i.e., getting into fights) increases significantly the risk of arrest in early adulthood solely for women. Conversely, one's immigrant status is a significant predictor of arrest only for males. First-generation male immigrants report being arrested significantly less than US-born, second-generation Latino male immigrants. While motherhood and job stability significantly reduce the probability of arrest for women, marriage appears to have a crime-protective effect for males. Yet both men and women included in this analysis have an increased risk of arrest when one or more family members experienced arrest as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student removal became an increasingly utilized form of discipline since the implementation of zero-tolerance policies during the early 1990s. Evaluative studies have consistently found negative relationships between student removal and academic success. Majority of cases regarding student removal are for minor and non-violent offenses and literature in this field suggests that teachers' biases and cultural misreadings widen racial disparities in school discipline and academic performance. Our study estimates the effects of suspensions, school-related arrests, and expulsions under zero-tolerance by exploiting within-school variation in school mean proficiency rates of Asian, Hispanic, Black, and White racial subgroups over a 3-year period. Our findings reaffirm consistent evidence that exclusionary policies have negative effects on academic outcomes. We also find evidence of differential effects by racial subgroup. The paper concludes with a discussion and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in the mobility of persons across national borders coincides with an overrepresentation of foreign nationals in the penal systems of Western Europe, though this phenomenon is not yet well understood. This paper positions itself at the intersection of migration and criminology by examining citizenship disparities in pretrial detention and whether said disparities affect incarceration outcomes. Leveraging a mixed-methods strategy, we make use of individual-level criminal case and interview data from the Netherlands. Our quasi-experimental quantitative analyses show significant and substantive differences in the assignment of pretrial detention to foreign citizens, which affects the risk of future incarceration. Our interviews reveal that citizenship disparities manifest themselves through multiple mechanisms: (i) foreign defendants are viewed as flight risks, (ii) fewer non-prison sanctions are assigned in cases involving foreign defendants, and (iii) pretrial detention is seen as an efficient method for punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Police Districting Problem concerns the definition of patrol districts that distribute police resources in a territory in such a way that high-risk areas receive more patrolling time than low-risk areas, according to a principle of territorial fairness. This results in patrolling configurations that are efficient and effective at controlling crime but that, at the same time, might exacerbate racial disparity in police stops and arrests. In this paper, an Equitable Police Districting Problem that combines crime-reduction effectiveness with racial fairness is proposed. The capability of this model in designing patrolling configurations that find a balance between territorial and racial fairness is assessed. Also, the trade-off between these two criteria is analyzed. Methods: The Equitable Police Districting Problem is defined as a mixed-integer program. The objective function is formulated using Compromise Programming and Goal Programming. The model is validated on a real-world case study on the Central District of Madrid, Spain, and its solutions are compared to standard patrolling configurations currently used by the police. Results: A trade-off between racial fairness and crime control is detected. However, the experiments show that including the proposed racial criterion in the optimization of patrol districts greatly improves racial fairness with limited detriment to the policing effectiveness. Also, the model produces solutions that dominate the patrolling configurations currently in use by the police. Conclusions: The results show that the model successfully provides a quantitative evaluation of the trade-off between the criteria and is capable of defining patrolling configurations that are efficient in terms of both racial and territorial fairness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Internal manual (Liepmann) rotation of the fetal head is a corrective intrapartum aid in correcting an unfavorable birth mechanism, which enables normal birth biomechanics in a significant number of cases. • Successful correction of the internal rotation with spontaneous vaginal delivery was found in 80.92 % of cases: persistent occipital posterior position in 82.35 %, persistent deep transverse occiput presentation in 58.33 %, persistent high (longitudinal) occipital presentation in 82.81 % and persistens anterior asynclitism in 87.5 % cases. • If we exclude delivery assisted by VE whose indications were fetal hypoxia or dystocia after successful DR/MR, then the success rate of this method was 90.13 %. • Internal head rotation is a simple, safe and successful obstetric manual intervention that directly increases the rate of vaginal deliveries after correction of the birth mechanism anomaly and directly reduces the percentage of cesarean section. • Internal head rotation is an established midwifery/obstetric skill in several centers which, based on numerous clinical researches and experience, should become protocolized and included in the guidelines of professional associations. The success of internal manual or digital rotation of the head in mechanical dystocia due to malpresentation, malposition or malrotation is presented in this paper on our own clinical material with reference of today's research and clinical recommendations. Through a retrospective bicentric clinical study, we investigated the success of internal head rotation in two University Clinics for gynecology and obstetrics from year 2017 to 2023. In 152 singleton term (37–42 weeks) in cases of persistens intrapartum arrest of the fetal head. After palpatory and ultrasonographically verified arrest of fetal head engagement, a therapeutic manual (Liepmann) or digital rotation was performed. In 152 cases, manual rotation was performed in 108 (71.05 %) and digital rotation in 44 (28.94 %) cases in 73 (48.02 %) primiparous and 79 (51.97 %) multiparous. Intrapartum identification by digital palpation was done in all cases, and the following are: persistent occipital posterior position in 68 (44.73%), persistent deep transverse head presentation in 12 (7.89%), persistent high (longitudinal) occipital presentation in 64 (42.10 %) and persistent anterior asynclitism in 8 (5.26 %) cases. Episiotomy was used in 36 (23.68%) cases. Vacuum extraction was completed in 14 (9.21 %) deliveries, and cesarean section due to unsuccessful internal rotation in 15 (9.8 %) cases (%) without other indication. We did not record any intrapartum complications or cardiotocographic abnormalities. Cervical lacerations were treated with sutures in 4 cases (2.63 %). Successful correction of internal rotation procedure with spontaneous vaginal delivery was found in 80.92 % of cases. If we exclude delivery assisted by vacuum extraction whose indications were fetal hypoxia or dystocia after successful internal head rotation procedure, then the success rate of this method was 90.13 %. Internal head rotation is a simple, safe and successful obstetric manual intervention that directly increases the rate of vaginal deliveries after correction of the birth mechanism anomaly and directly reduces the percentage of cesarean section. Manual or digital head rotation is an established midwifery/obstetric skill in several centers which, based on numerous clinical researches and experience, should become protocolized and included in the guidelines of professional associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arresting gear systems play a vital role in carrier-based aircraft landing. In order to accurately understand the process of arresting hook and cable, this study introduces a parameter inversion method to model the arresting cable and applies it to the transient dynamics model of the arresting hook and cable. The feasibility of the arresting cable model and its application to the transient dynamics model of the arresting hook and cable are validated through arresting hook and cable impact tests. The study compares three different models of arresting cables for simulation results and concludes that assuming the arresting cable to be a beam with metal elastic parameters during the modeling process cannot ignore the influence of the cable's torsional and bending stiffness on the modeling. The study also investigates the dynamic response of the arresting hook during the aircraft arrestment and hooking process and concludes that the stress peak of the hook arm is much lower throughout the entire arrestment process than at the moment of hooking the cable. The study further identifies factors that affect the stress on the arresting hook arm, such as the aircraft's yaw angle, deck angle, cruising speed, and the initial position of the arresting hook and cable before engagement. The research results have significant implications for improving the design optimization of the structural strength of the functional components of the naval aircraft arresting system and provide theoretical guidance and technical reserves for subsequent related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reporting on crime and the courts are among the classic functions of journalism. In the UK, journalists and others must abide by the Contempt of Court Act 1981, the main piece of primary legislation aimed at ensuring coverage of legal matters is fair to the participants. The restrictions are generally tighter in practice than in jurisdictions such as the US, where the media has a much freer hand to engage in pre-trial reporting. This paper argues that media coverage of the arrest of the so-called 'Yorkshire Ripper' serial killer, Peter Sutcliffe, in 1981 while Parliament was considering the question of contempt, has made the UK regime tougher than it might otherwise have been. Excessive reporting was influenced by an unusually celebratory police news conference. This news coverage coloured the contemporary debate around contempt, and any opportunity for a more relaxed approach to contempt in the UK's jurisdictions was lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretrial detention is associated with negative health and mental health outcomes but new policies that limit its use rarely cite the impact that such changes could have on individual or family-level mental health. This paper describes the potential of mental health impact assessments to be used as a tool in policy decision-making about criminal legal system reforms. An abbreviated, retrospective mental health impact assessment of New York State's Bail Elimination Act of 2019 was undertaken based on a review of literature to illustrate how reducing pretrial detention impacts social determinants of health and, in turn, mental health. Evidence is presented about the known effects of pretrial detention on eight social determinants of health and the impacts of those on mental health. The evidence demonstrates that policy decisions have important mental health implications that should be considered as part of the deliberative process. This review supports the use of mental health impact assessments to engage communities, inform policy, and address historical inequities in the criminal justice system in order to reduce the consequent mental health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Croatian Annual of Criminal Sciences & Practice / Hrvatski Ljetopis za Kaznene Znanosti i Praksu is the property of Hrvatsko Udruzenje za Kaznene Znanosti i Praksu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research on race and policing indicates that Black Americans experience a greater frequency of police contacts, discretionary stops, and police harassment when stops occur. Yet, studies examining the long-term consequences of police contact with young people have not examined whether criminal justice consequences of police contact differ by race. We address this issue by examining whether police encounters with children and adolescents predict arrest in young adulthood and if these effects are the same for Black and White individuals. The paper uses longitudinal survey data from 331 Black and White respondents enrolled in the Seattle Public School District as eighth graders in 2001 and 2002. Our findings indicate that police encounters in childhood increase the risk of arrest in young adulthood for Black but not White respondents. Black respondents who experience contact with the police by the eighth grade have eleven times greater odds of being arrested when they are 20 years old than their White counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retraction relates to this paper Xie R, Zhang Y, Shen C, Cao X, Gu S, Che X. I Onco Targets Ther i . 2015;8:1119-1127. Since publication, concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data in the article. [Extracted from the article]

This paper evaluates previously proposed diagnostic criteria that can be used to determine whether or not there is active migration of the opal‐A to opal‐CT transition zone (TZA/CT). The criteria are based on the interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic surveys and are therefore geometrical. They involve an assessment of the relationship of the TZA/CT with polygonal fault systems, differential compaction structures and tectonic folds. The most robust evidence for an inactive 'reaction front' between opal‐A and opal‐CT bearing sediments is the discordance of the TZA/CT relative to present‐day isotherms. Any of these may be persuasive as diagnostic criteria for the upward arrest of the diagenetic transformation at a regional scale, but actual truncation of the TZA/CT at the modern seabed is definitive for arrested diagenesis. This study argues that diagenetic assessment based solely on a single criterion independently is not reliable as an indicator for the current state of a silica transition. As a conclusion, the analysed seismic/structural criteria should be synthesised to provide a more credible interpretation for silica diagenesis. The use of modern 2D and 3D seismic data for the reconstruction of the diagenetic history of opaline silica bearing sediments offers a new approach to the study of silica diagenesis at a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to understand how decision‐making works at the first appearance hearings (Custody Hearings) in Brazil, an initiative that intends to make the Brazilian criminal justice system more accusatorial. We used primary data gathered in the hearings between April and December 2018 in nine Brazilian states. Binary logistic regression models were applied to identify the variables that affect the odds ratios of pretrial detention. Results indicated a high level of homology between the prosecutors' requests and the judges' decisions, even when controlling for the characteristics of offense and offender, which precludes any direct openness to the defense. Decision‐making in the Custody Hearing reinforces the inquisitorial characteristics and the institutional features of the Brazilian Criminal Justice System, suggesting that the reforms carried out over the last years were not able to change how actors operate on a daily basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide, and it remains a public health problem, as it involves young subjects. Current guideline-directed risk stratification for primary prevention is largely based on left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), and preventive strategies such as implantation of a cardiac defibrillator (ICD) are justified only for documented low LVEF (i.e., ≤ 35%). Unfortunately, only a small percentage of primary prevention ICDs, implanted on the basis of a low LVEF, will deliver life-saving therapies on an annual basis. On the other hand, the vast majority of patients that experience SCD have LVEF > 35%, which is clamoring for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. It is mandatory that additional variables be considered, both independently and in combination with the EF, to improve SCD risk prediction. LV hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong independent risk factor for SCD regardless of the etiology and the severity of symptoms. Concentric and eccentric LV hypertrophy, and even earlier concentric remodeling without hypertrophy, are all associated with increased risk of SCD. In this paper, we summarize the physiology and physiopathology of LVH, review the epidemiological evidence supporting the association between LVH and SCD, briefly discuss the mechanisms linking LVH with SCD, and emphasize the need to evaluate LV geometry as a potential risk stratification tool regardless of the LVEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the use of high-powered performance-based incentives for civil servants, focusing on drug-related cases registered by the Russian police. Using an event study approach and bunching analysis, I show that the incentives arising from the performance evaluation system of police officers can significantly influence their behavior. Specifically, I find evidence suggesting that this impact can result in the manipulation of drug quantities seized by the police, moving offenders from below to above the punishment threshold. Further negative consequences of the strong performance-based incentives are inequality in the enforcement of law, prolonged sentences, and increased probability of pretrial detention. Thus, I determine that police officers are more likely to manipulate the drug quantities seized from men. I also find that the manipulation increases the probability of pretrial detention by 9% and adds one more year of incarceration, which is a 67% increase on the average sentence length without manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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