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Background: Vascular malformation are congenital lesions with complex clinical presentations and management. Their classification and treatment options have considerably changed throughout the years, with conflicting evidence in the literature. Vascular malformations occur due to errors during vasculogenesis. They are present since birth, though they may not be apparent until later in life. These malformations are most frequently found in the head and neck, but can occur in any part of the body. Methodology- The study was carried out in the department of General Surgery of Tertiary care center teaching hospital from September 2018 to September 2020. The sample size taken for this study was 30 patients who were diagnosed as having vascular malformations and undergoing treatment. Patients were examined thoroughly and baseline findings were recorded. All the patients were subjected to either injection sclerotherapy, surgery or wait and watch treatment depending upon the vascular malformation and condition of patient. Sodium tetradecyl sulfate was used as sclerosing agent. Follow up of each patient was scheduled every 2 weeks, and therapy was repeated after 4 weeks, if there was no response or only a partial response. Result- The most commonly affected age group was 0-10 years. Cosmetic problems (63.33%)was the commonest symptom of presentation. Most common type of malformation was venous malformation (83.33%)/truncular malformation (70%). The most common location of vascular malformation was lower extremity (36.66%). A good response was achieved in majority of the patients (50%) treated with sclerotherapy in our study. Conclusion- Injection sclerotherapy is a relatively cost-effective procedure with low complications. Embolization is another treatment useful in cases of large AVMs where sclerotherapy and surgery are not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vascular malformations represent a wide spectrum of disorders in children. Recently, interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for selected cases of vascular malformation in children and adults. Aim: To evaluate the short‐term outcome and safety of interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy in children with vascular malformations. Methods: This is a retrospective study in which patients under 18 years old with vascular malformation undergoing bleomycin sclerotherapy between August 2019 and January 2022 in Hong Kong were included. Relevant demographics of the included patients were collected. Short‐term outcomes including clinical response, immediate and early complications were evaluated. Results: Four patients who aged from 4 to 8 years old were identified, three with lymphatic malformation and one with arteriovenous malformation. A total of eight sessions of interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy were performed. Three of them reported clinical response with either reduction in lesion size or reduction in discomfort or disfigurement. No immediate complication was reported. However, one of them experienced post‐operative hyperpigmentation with scratch marks. Conclusion: The experience in the use of interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy in children with vascular malformations is still limited in our locality. Further study with larger cohorts and longer follow‐up is required to further establish its efficacy and safety profile in paediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are most commonly reported in the brain whereas in head and neck region they are rare i.e. incidence is 0.1% of the general population. Commonly managed by surgical excision, embolization, sclerotherapy. Here we present a case of 18-year-old female with AV malformation within buccinator muscle which was recurrent and was treated with compartmentalization followed by sclerotherapy and surgical excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular malformations can be treated using sclerotherapy agents like alcohol, polidocanol, or sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam and embolization treatments. These endovascular treatments may cause severe complications as pulmonary embolism and thrombosis. 980-nm diode lasers (DLs) are common devices used by many specialties as plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and vascular surgeons. Laser energy is excellently absorbed in water and hemoglobin, which makes it ideal for adipose tissue and deep lesions. We treated our patient using a DL. Our surgical approach allowed total excision of the arteriovenous malformation (AVM), which decreased the size of the tumor allowing a smaller incision and eased the dissection plane. We believe that lasers will be used more frequently on AVM treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]