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The paper focuses on deriving the macroscale viscoelastic constitutive laws using asymptotic expansion method. Both the differential and integral form of the linear viscoelastic constitutive relation of the phases is used in deriving the effective incremental potential and effective constitutive relation, respectively. The integral form is handled by considering the correspondence principle and the Laplace–Carson (LC) transform. A closed-form expression for the effective viscoelastic properties in LC domain is obtained by means of the asymptotic homogenization method (AHM). In addition, AHM coupled with finite element simulation of a representative volume element with periodic boundary conditions is used (AHM + FE). The last step in both approaches is the numerical inversion to the time domain. Solution in time domain is obtained with numerical Laplace inversion algorithms. In case of the differential form, using variational approach, the effective incremental potential in time domain is directly obtained using mean-field method. Different homogenization approaches are exemplified for evaluation of the effective relaxation behavior of composite (viscoelastic matrix reinforced by unidirectional elastic fibers), and they are compared. In the approaches based on LC transform, effective modulus and Poisson's ratio agree well with each other for any property contrast and fiber volume fraction. However, in case of relatively low property contrast, mean field overpredicts as compared to LC approaches in the fiber direction, whereas at relatively higher property contrast, it is vice versa. The difference increases at higher volume fractions due to synergistic effect of the error due to geometrical assumptions involved in the localization tensor and interaction effects of the fiber inclusions. A good agreement in all directions is observed among the three schemes at intermediate volume fractions and property contrast. This study serves as benchmark for further theoretical improvements and experimental investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]