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The present experiment was conducted to study the impact of herbal treatment on post thaw semen quality and fertility in subfertile buffalo bulls. Three Murrah subfertile buffalo bulls maintained at bull station, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India (Latitude/Longitude, 30.55°N, 75.54° E) with the history of poor semen quality (pre-freeze individual motility < 60%, post-thaw individual motility < 40%, Viability < 70% and Abnormality > 20%) were orally supplemented with herbal mixture (Panax ginseng roots, Shilajit, Withania somnifera roots, Tribulus terrestris fruits, Turnera diffusa leaves, Ptychopetalum olacoides bark of each 400 mg/100 kg body weight and 300 mg/100 kg body weight of Pausinystalia yohimbe bark) daily for 60 days of treatment phase. Two semen ejaculates per week per bull were collected during pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment phases of 60 days each and extended with Tris egg yolk extender. The freezing of extended semen was carried out in a biofreezer (4°C to -15°C @-30°C/min, -15°C to -140°C @-50°C/min) followed by plunging into liquid nitrogen for storage. Post thaw semen quality was assessed in terms of individual motility, viability, total sperm abnormalities. Present study revealed that the oral treatment of subfertile buffalo bulls with Panax ginseng roots, Shilajit, Withania somnifera roots, Tribulus terrestris fruits, Turnera diffusa leaves; Ptychopetalum olacoides bark each @ 400 mg/100 kg body weight and Pausinystalia yohimbe bark @ 300 mg/100 kg body weight for 60 days improved post thaw semen quality and fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)–antiubiquitin antibodies (Abs) complex for depletion of dead/damaged spermatozoa from buffalo semen was done. The IONPs synthesized were round in shape with size of 12.09 ± 0.91 nm. At the end of the two‐step functionalization, that is, silanization and pegylation of bare IONPs and bioconjugation of functionalized IOPNs, particles with the sizes of 19.15 ± 1.46, 20.72 ± 0.95, and 73.01 ± 7.56 nm, respectively, were obtained. Twenty‐four semen samples from four bulls with mean individual progressive motility (%) and sperm concentration (million/mL) of 77.1 ± 0.9 and 1,321.2 ± 84.7, respectively, were divided into Group I (control), and treatment groups viz. Groups II, III, and IV; with each group containing 150 ± 25 million dead/damaged spermatozoa. The IONPs–Abs complex was added at the ratio of 1:1 (0.5 μg/mL), 1:2 (1.0 μg/mL), and 1:4 (2.0 μg/mL), respectively, in the Groups II, III, and IV. The mean efficiency (%) of nanopurification was estimated to be greater in nanopurified semen with the increasing doses of the IONPs–Abs complex. A reduction of 29.3 ± 6.4%, 48.4 ± 5.3%, and 55.4 ± 4.4% in dead/damaged spermatozoa following nanopurification in Groups II, III, and IV, respectively, was observed. The study shows that in‐house synthesized IONPs–Abs complex can be successfully used to deplete dead/damaged spermatozoa from buffalo semen with improvement in quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to assess the response of intravenous administration of hCG on plasma testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and estriol levels in breeding Sahiwal bulls. Six breeding Sahiwal bulls were injected intravenously with 1500 I.U hCG followed by blood sampling at an interval of every 15 minutes for 4 hours. Plasma testosterone, estradiol, DHEA and estriol were estimated and the values were calculated by elaborating the standard curve. It was observed that testosterone level declined within 15 minutes of hCG administration followed by gradual increase until 3h. Fluctuation among the DHEA levels at different time intervals were somewhat near to the basal levels and similar to testosterone. However, non-significant differences were observed in plasma estradiol and estriol following hCG administration. It was concluded that endocrine status of Sahiwal bulls could be assessed between 1.25 to 3 hours of 1500 IU of hCG administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]