11 results
Search Results
2. Corporate carbon accounting: a literature review of carbon accounting research from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement.
- Author
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He, Rong, Luo, Le, Shamsuddin, Abul, and Tang, Qingliang
- Subjects
PARIS Agreement (2016) ,CORPORATE accounting ,UNITED Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Protocols, etc., 1997 December 11 ,CARBON taxes ,DISCLOSURE in accounting ,PERFORMANCE management - Abstract
This paper describes the development of and gaps in knowledge in research on carbon accounting based on a systematic review of 117 papers published in influential accounting journals between 2005 and 2018. The review shows the literature has developed into four major streams of carbon accounting: carbon disclosure, management, performance and assurance, and that carbon accounting is emerging as a distinct discipline. Finally, our paper highlights future research opportunities to improve carbon accounting, so it can play an even more important role to help business achieve the climate goals of the Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Blueprint for Blue Carbon: Lessons from Seychelles for Small Island States.
- Author
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Bennett, Michael, March, Antaya, Raguain, Jeremy, and Failler, Pierre
- Subjects
SMALL states ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,SUSTAINABLE investing ,CLIMATE change ,CARBON sequestration ,CARBON offsetting ,COASTAL changes - Abstract
Blue carbon has been proposed as a nature-based solution for climate change mitigation; however, a limited number of published works and data and knowledge gaps hinder the development of small island developing states' (SIDS) national blue carbon resources globally. This paper reviews the blue carbon ecosystems of Seychelles as a case study in the context of SIDS, comparing estimations by the Blue Carbon Lab and recent blue carbon (mangrove and seagrass) evaluations submitted to the Seychelles national government. Mangroves (2195 ha, 80% in Aldabra Atoll) and seagrasses (142,065 ha) dominate in Seychelles, with coral reefs having the potential for carbon sequestration (169,000 ha). Seychelles is on track to protecting its blue carbon, but these systems are threatened by rising sea levels, coastal squeeze, erosion, severe storms, and human activities. The importance of carbon inventories, accounting institutions, and continuous monitoring of blue carbon systems is discussed. Blue accounting is necessary for accurate accounting of carbon sequestration and carbon storage, generating carbon credits, and representing impactful reductions in greenhouse gases for NDCs. Challenges and opportunities include policy legislation regarding ownership rights, accreditation and certification for carbon credits, sustainable financing mechanisms like natural asset companies and blue tokens, local engagement for long-term success, and carbon market dynamics following COP27. The restoration and regulation of blue carbon resources for optimal ecosystem services delivery, carbon inventories, and blue carbon policy are recommended development priorities. Blue carbon ecosystems have the potential to contribute to NDCs of SIDS while simultaneously offering sustainable development pathways for local communities through the multiple ecosystem services they provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A low-carbon evaluation framework for regional power systems.
- Author
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Ye, Jichao, Zhang, Hanbing, Huang, Hui, Hu, Xinwei, Wu, Xinhua, Qiu, Yi, Liao, Huanxin, Zhu, Yifan, and Ghiasi, Mohammad
- Subjects
POWER system simulation ,CLIMATE change ,CARBON offsetting ,ELECTRICAL load - Abstract
With the escalating challenges of climate change and the imperative for carbon neutrality, evaluating the carbon footprint of regional power systems becomes crucial. To address this issue, a low-carbon evaluation framework for regional power systems is developed. First, this study identifies the fundamental requirements that the index system for the low-carbon power system should follow and specifies the general direction for the index system's creation. Second, an evaluation model for carbon reduction ability is proposed by considering generation side, grid side and load side of the power system. Then, a comparative evaluation model for the carbon reduction capability of multi-regional power systems is proposed to spatiotemporally compare the carbon reduction capability of different power systems. Next, a quantification method for the weights of low-carbon evaluation indicators is established based on the power system simulation of multi-scenario scheduling and index sensitivity analysis method. Finally, a low-carbon comprehensive score for regional power systems is created by combining the evaluation results of the system's carbon reduction capacity with index weights. The practical research results in a region of Zhejiang province in China demonstrate that the proposed model can provide a reasonable and feasible evaluation plan for the low-carbon construction of regional power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Behind the Targets? The Case for Coherence in a Multi-Scalar Approach to Carbon Action Plans in the Transport Sector.
- Author
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Marsden, Greg and Anable, Jillian
- Abstract
The Paris Agreement requires radical action across all policy sectors and at all scales of government. This paper argues that without a clear framework for sectoral budget setting which takes account of interactions across spatial scales, incoherent and inadequate policy responses will result. Using a case study of the transport sector within the UK, which has committed to a zero carbon pathway in law, we look at three key elements which have to be considered in setting out a new framework: budget coherence, accounting coherence and policy coherence. Using top-down and bottom-up examples emerging from practices today in the UK, we demonstrate that there are no 'optimal' solutions but a set of choices, all of which appear to be better than the patchwork of approaches emerging in the absence of a framework. A multi-scalar approach is essential as transport crosses spatial boundaries and the policy system places different levers at different scales. Transparency will be beneficial for honesty with the public and the difficult politics this rapid transition necessitates. It will also mitigate against blame shifting across governments between and within scales and the resultant inaction which characterized the previous decade of supposed 'climate action'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Multi-habitat carbon stock assessments to inform nature-based solutions for coastal seascapes in arid regions.
- Author
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Carpenter, Stephen, Evans, Claire, Pittman, Simon J., Antonopoulou, Marina, Bejarano, Ivonne, Das, Himansu S., Möller, Mona, Peel, Kate, Samara, Fatin, Stamoulis, Kostantinos A., and Mateos-Molina, Daniel
- Subjects
ARID regions ,TIDAL flats ,SALT marshes ,ECOSYSTEM management ,CARBON cycle ,COASTAL wetlands ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,MICROBIAL mats - Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are integral to global carbon cycling and are increasingly recognised for their role in mitigating climate change. Within these ecosystems, the dynamics of carbon storage are diverse, varying significantly across different habitats. However, existing management strategies often focus predominantly on vegetated habitats neglecting the contributions of non-vegetated areas. We address this knowledge gap by providing a quantitative spatial assessment of carbon storage across coastal seascapes varying in plant biomass. Our comprehensive multi-habitat inventory of carbon stocks in the United Arab Emirates confirmed that mangroves are the largest carbon-storing habitat per hectare (94.3 t/ha), followed by saltmarshes (63.6 t/ha), microbial mats (51.6 t/ ha), mudflats (46.8 t/ha), seagrass (32.5 t/ha), and coastal sabkha (31.0 t/ha).Mean carbon content in the top 50 cm of mangrove soils (53.9 t/ha) was similar to saltmarshes (52.7 t/ha), microbial mats (51.6 t/ha), and mudflats (46.8 t/ha). We highlight the importance of including non-vegetated habitats in carbon accounting and management strategies. Our findings suggest that a more context-specific whole-system approach is essential for guiding effective ecosystem management and designing ecologically meaningful Nature-based Solutions (NbS). Adopting this broader perspective in NbS can ensure more comprehensive conservation and restoration outcomes, which not only protect and enhance blue carbon ecosystems but also contribute to broader ecological and social benefits. This approach is pivotal for advancing our understanding of interconnected coastal ecosystems and their role in climate change mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Carbon accounting in Singapore
- Author
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Simić Marija
- Subjects
singapore ,carbon accounting ,climate change ,greenhouse gases ,sustainable development ,Environmental protection ,TD169-171.8 - Abstract
In the period from July 10 to 14, 2023, a professional training course called "Carbon Accounting" was held in Singapore, which was the result of long-term research and application of the green economy, and which was implemented through the technical support program of the Singapore government. Singapore has been providing technical support to other developing countries since the 1960s, and in terms of economic and social development it has also emphasized the importance of investing in human resources. In the course of series of training course lectures, experts from Singapore provided an introduction to the carbon emissions accounting, as well as to the inventory of gases with a greenhouse effect (GHG - Greenhouse Gas). Topics covered in the training course were the impact of greenhouse gases on climate change, setting targets for reducing the greenhouse gas effects in Singapore, as well as approaches to calculating and monitoring the impact of carbon emissions. This paper presents topics based on the calculation of carbon emissions, the concepts of Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions, which are part of the carbon emissions accounting and reporting on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Certain facts about the carbon emissions accounting in the territory of the Republic of Singapore, as well as the connection of carbon accounting with the population and industry, have also been presented. Moreover, an application for calculating one's own carbon footprint has been presented, along with the photographs taken during the period of stay in this island city-state.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Corporate carbon assurance and the quality of carbon disclosure.
- Author
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Luo, Le, Tang, Qingliang, Fan, Hanlu, and Ayers, Jamie
- Subjects
DISCLOSURE ,QUALITY assurance ,CARBON ,CARBON analysis ,TRUST ,CARBON taxes ,QUARTERLY reports - Abstract
Based on an international sample, this study examines the association between corporate carbon assurance and carbon disclosure. We find that companies that adopt carbon assurance tend to have better carbon disclosure quality than their unassured peers. Cross‐sectional analyses demonstrate that the positive relationship is stronger in stakeholder‐oriented countries. We also document that carbon assurance plays a substitutive role for country‐level carbon regulation and social trust. Further analyses suggest that carbon assurance has differential impacts on specific types of carbon disclosure and the quality of carbon disclosure increases with the percentage of reported emissions assured and the level of carbon assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Carbon accounting system: the bridge between carbon governance and carbon performance in Malaysian Companies.
- Author
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Ong, Tze San, Kasbun, Nur Fatin Binti, Teh, Boon Heng, Muhammad, Haslinah, and Javeed, Sohail Ahmad
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL performance ,CARBON ,CARBON emissions ,CORPORATE governance ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Introduction:Research has shown the negative impacts of climate change on the economy and how the state of the environment has been a complex global challenge. Prior studies have suggested immediate actions to avoid any unforeseen circumstances for all living things on Earth. Previous research has also supported all kinds of sustainability efforts as resolutions to address the deterioration of climate change caused by business activities. Originality: There is a need for companies to start acting and assigning employees to mitigate carbon emitted by corporations. This study is motivated by the lack of empirical evidence that examines how corporate carbon governance influences better carbon performance of organizations and authorizes organizations to implement and embed carbon accounting. Objective: This study used evidence from Malaysia to explore this subject matter and examined the association between carbon governance and carbon performance of corporations. The research also investigated the mediation effect of carbon accounting with respect to carbon governance and carbon performance. Findings: It is revealed that carbon governance had no significant influence on an organization's carbon performance although carbon accounting implementation positively influenced carbon performance. The findings imply that despite its insignificance, carbon accounting remains a vital matter to be deployed by organizations for better carbon emission mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The effect of national culture on corporate green proactivity
- Author
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Ting Guo, Haifei Wang, and Qingliang Tang
- Subjects
Marketing ,Uncertainty avoidance ,Carbon accounting ,Public economics ,05 social sciences ,Global warming ,Climate change ,Proactivity ,Ranking ,Greenhouse gas ,0502 economics and business ,050211 marketing ,Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory ,Business ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Climate change is emerging as a crisis that will wreak catastrophic damage on society. In response, companies are expected to mitigate GHG emissions. The current literature focuses largely on economic and regulatory influences but ignores the effects of informal institutions on corporate response to global warming. This motivates us to examine the impact of culture on corporate green proactivity. We find that the cultural dimensions of masculinity and uncertainty avoidance are barriers to green proactivity and that a U-shape relationship exists between power distance and proactivity. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to document the dynamic influence of national culture on green behavior beyond financial and regulatory determinants. In addition, we use a novel measure, corporate green ranking, instead of carbon disclosure to gauge climate proactivity. The findings provide nuanced understanding of corporate decarbonization efforts and have significant theoretical and practical implications.
- Published
- 2021
11. Embodied GHG Emissions of Wooden Buildings—Challenges of Biogenic Carbon Accounting in Current LCA Methods
- Author
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Guillaume Habert, Freja Nygaard Rasmussen, Harpa Birgisdottir, and Camilla Marlene Ernst Andersen
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development ,Climate change ,Sample (statistics) ,Biogenic carbon ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Building life cycle ,Buildings ,Life-cycle assessment ,City planning ,GHG emissions ,Wood ,LCA ,Sustainability ,Case studies ,biogenic carbon ,Carbon accounting ,Global warming ,Building and Construction ,Environmental economics ,sustainability ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,buildings ,Urban Studies ,HT165.5-169.9 ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,TA1-2040 ,wood - Abstract
Buildings play a vital role in reaching the targets stated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees. Increasing the use of wood in construction is a proposed upcoming strategy to reduce the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of buildings. This study examines existing life cycle assessments of wooden buildings. The aim is to investigate embodied greenhouse gas emission results reported, as well as methodological approaches applied in existing literature. The study applies the protocol for Systematic Literature Reviews and finds 79 relevant papers. From the final sample, the study analyses 226 different scenarios in-depth in terms of embodied emissions, life cycle assessment method, life cycle inventory modelling and biogenic carbon approach. The analysis shows that the average reported values of embodied greenhouse gas emissions of wooden buildings are one-third to half of the embodied emissions reported from buildings in general. Additionally, from the analysis of the final sample we find that the majority of wooden building life cycle assessments apply similar methods and often leave out biogenic carbon from the assessment or simply do not declare it. This implies that the focus on variability in the different methods applied in wooden building life cycle assessments needs to be increased to establish the relationship between methodological choices and embodied emissions of wooden buildings. Further, transparency and conformity in biogenic carbon accounting in life cycle assessments is essential to enhance comparability between life cycle assessment studies and to avoid distortions in embodied GHG emission results., Frontiers in Built Environment, 7, ISSN:2297-3362
- Published
- 2021
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