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Although covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membranes have promising applications in water treatment due to their ordered structure and adjustable pore size, most of them are imine-linked ones, which severely limits their application in harsh environments. Herein, we offer a stable novel COFs membrane which is composed of hydrazone bonds and β-ketoenamine structures. Such β-ketoenamine based COFs composite membrane was fabricated via interfacial catalytic polymerization on a nylon substrate, which was generated at the water (P-Toluenesulfonic acid)/n-hexane (2,5-dimethoxyterephthalhydrazide, 1,3,5-triformylphoroglucinol) interface. The resultant COFs membrane demonstrates excellent chemical stability in strong acidic (2 mol/L)/alkaline (9 mol/L)/organic solvents (dioxane, acetone, methanol, and ethanol) media. The optimized COFs membrane achieved 109.73 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 permeance in Congo Red aqueous solution and 99.56 % CR rejection. This study exploits a novel approach to produce robust COFs membranes under extreme conditions. [Display omitted] • TpDMTH COFs membranes were fabricated via interfacial catalytic polymerization. • The combination of hydrazone bonds and β-ketoenamine structures makes membranes show stable chemical structure. • Such COFs membranes maintained excellent separation performance in 9 M NaOH solution. • Such COFs membranes showed excellent dye/salt separation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]