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The capacity to interrogate data with critical thinking is a strong predictor of statistical literacy (SL). This data interrogation, from the data consumers' perspective, incorporates four complex response skills: "interpreting," "communicating," "evaluating," and "decision-making," and those skills are strongly supported by students' appreciation of three interrelated knowledge components ("text and context," "representation," and "statistical-mathematical knowledge"). Due to the need to be critical data-information readers, students' SL should develop during their formal schooling. The aim of this paper was to investigate differences in SL between Indonesian year 9 and year 12 students and between female and male students. The same test was administered to 48 year 9 students (50% females) and 48 year 12 students (50% females) from 16 different schools in Indonesia. Findings revealed that the highest percentage of year 9 and 12 students demonstrated evidence of "consistent but non-critical thinking" (level 4), suggesting that they exhibited their statistical knowledge but not in critical ways. There were 42% of year 9 students showing limited statistical thinking (levels 1 to 3) compared to 17% of year 12 students. Furthermore, while there were no significant gender differences in students' SL and its all skills, the study shows significant grade level differences in overall SL as well as in its skills except "interpreting." Implications of this study include the development of a framework that provides a coherent assessment of students' SL from a data consumers' perspective, along with suggestions for classroom teaching.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Viewpoint discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Indonesian government's response, on children and young people. By adopting a geographical and socio-spatial analysis the paper discusses the extent to which the response to the crisis has aggravated the detrimental impacts of the emergency on children. We argue that the government's decision to transition to the 'new normal' was premature, endangering marginalized children who have less power, weaker voices, and a lack of access to the necessary resources to protect themselves. The paper focuses on children's vulnerability and inequality during the crisis, and demands careful consideration for the governance of emergency response and recovery policies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates the discourses of stunting in Indonesia and its links to early childhood education. Here, stunting is analysed via Foucault's work, with data stemming from a long‐term ethnography study and analysis of relevant policy documents in Indonesia. We argue the discourses of stunting have been regulating children, teachers and parents by acting as a form of biopower of governing rationalities. Focusing merely on the individual and nutrition aspects, the discourses overlook larger societal problems. In such a space, the children, teachers and parents become a site of the state's surveillance and are produced as docile bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslexia is often described as the most common learning disability among the students that affect their ability to read and write. Children with dyslexia persist to their reading difficulties into adolescence and adulthood if without effective intervention and instruction. Therefore, this paper aims to review on the current state of available interventions for children with dyslexia in Malaysia and compare the interventions conducted outside Malaysia instead of to identify the frequently used for assistive technology tools in improving literacy skills. A total of 30 articles published between 2009 and 2021 that met the inclusive criteria were downloaded from electronic databases such as Scopus, SpringerLink and ScienceDirect. The interventions were divided into two categories which are phonological-based and assistive technology-based. The findings indicated that most of the interventions are focused on assistive technology tools and mobile learning applications become the favorite choice in Malaysia to assist students with dyslexia in ameliorating their learning difficulties. However, the developed mobile learning applications are not focused on teaching phonics and combined all three language skills (reading, spelling, and writing) in an application. Hence, it is imperative that researchers in Malaysia take into account to develop more mobile learning applications that focus on English language phonics and encompass three language skills (reading, spelling and writing) in an application for students with dyslexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: ●This paper reports the experiences of primary school students with intellectual disabilities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, during transitions within various contexts such as from "regular school" to "inclusive school," from special class to regular class and from one year level to the next year level after experiencing year(s) of grade retention.●Students with intellectual disabilities together with their typically developing peers were involved as co‐researchers using drawings and photographs to research their educational and social experiences and report their views.●Educational transitions are rarely discussed or taken into account in the Indonesian context.●The views of the students with intellectual disability in this study are a significant contribution to the development of meaningful inclusive education in the Indonesian context, which at this time continues to represent exclusionary practices or divisions between "regular children" and "inclusion children." Background: Within the emergence of inclusive education in Indonesia, transitions take on various forms impacting the educational and social lives of students. This paper reports the experiences of primary school students with intellectual disabilities during transitions in various contexts. Methods: An initial period of research used arts‐informed methods to support the students to capture their journey in education. While the voice of students about inclusive education was captured through photographs, drawings and conversations, students were supported to undertake a personal research project. Results: Students shared a range of experiences and feelings in the interviews using the photographs and drawings as prompts. Some reported on being expelled from regular school as a result of failure to meet academic standards and transitioning to "inclusive school." These "inclusive schools" moved the students from special to the regular classroom, and back, based on their academic performance. While students valued the opportunity of having more friends in the regular class, they voiced a preference for the special classroom for social interactions. Some students reported their experiences of being retained at year level for lack of progress in a rigid curriculum. Students expressed their conflicting emotions of sadness when retained, of happiness when promoted and despair at the level of learning support provided to "survive" in the higher year level. The students also provided insight into the identity of students with intellectual disabilities as impacted by transition experiences. Conclusions: Transitions, and barriers to transitions, come in varying forms, and students with disabilities contextualise and report them in different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hearing Science is the property of Institute of Sensory Organs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Childhood poverty matters—not only because of the disturbingly high number of children affected, but also because of the deleterious impact on their human flourishing, both now and in the future. Effectively addressing child poverty requires clear identification of the nature and causes of the problem, as well as an understanding of how it is experienced. This paper aims to deepen understanding of child poverty, by drawing on key elements of a capability approach, rights-based approaches, and feminist standpoint theory, and empirical research. It is grounded in the findings of rights-based, participatory research with children aged between 7 and 15 years in Indonesia and in Australia, which cast new light on the dimensions of poverty that are most egregious from a child-driven standpoint. It presents a three-dimensional typology of material, opportunity, and relational poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study was done in an urban environment to investigate intercultural interaction in the multiethnic context of Makassar City. The research aims to understand how intercultural interactions occur in the daily lives of the residents of Makassar, which is a city rich in cultural and ethnic diversity. Data were through direct observation and in-depth interviews. Seven local residents with diverse ethnic backgrounds were selected as informants for the study. Intercultural communication, acceptance and tolerance, cooperation and collaboration, the influence of intercultural interaction, and challenges and barriers are some of the elements studied. According to the results of the study, intercultural communication in Makassar City requires the use of language and special signs to overcome language differences. The majority of Makassar City residents appreciate and accept ethnic diversity. However, there are still problems in overcoming differences in tradition and culture. In various initiatives and activities involving multiethnic communities, there is cooperation and collaboration between ethnicities. The social, cultural, and economic life of Makassar City is greatly enhanced by intercultural interaction. However, there are some challenges faced, such as language differences and cultural stereotypes, which can make inter-ethnic communication and understanding difficult. This study enhances our understanding of cultural interaction in a multiethnic urban environment and offers suggestions for improving inter-ethnic understanding, tolerance, and collaboration in Makassar City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The founders on state have agreed that state protects the entire nation and entire homeland of Indonesia (Paragraph IV of Preamble to 1945 Constitution). The phrase protecting the whole nation has a very broad meaning, including protection against threats from within and from outside the country, as well as protection of human dignity as God's creatures. Such protection must be provided without distinction between men and women, young and old, as well as adults and children must receive the same treatment. The legal protection of civil rights children resulting from unregistered marriages is still very weak, because the Marriage Law does not regulate legal protection of children resulting from unregistered marriages. Whether or not there is legal protection must depend on recognition of biological father, or a notarial deed must be made.The struggle through the Padlan institution also has not given maximum results, because it only wins on paper, but it is not easy to implement. Therefore, it is necessary for state, with political will to make changes Marriage Law, which recognizes that children resulting from unregistered marriages have a civil legal relationship with their biological father. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media is believed to possess its power in constructing discursive meaning in the society. This article aims to see how media creates discourse pertaining children and childhood during the pandemic of COVID-19. This article adopts critical discourse analysis (CDA) in order to unpack power relation in the children discourse by analyzing 78 articles from websites found in the internet. The analysis suggests that there is one hegemonic and dominant discourse on children, namely discourse of vulnerable children. The discourse sees young children as fragile being that do not have capacity to understand the pandemic and also to navigate their situation during the pandemic. While the discourse seems to be empathetic with the children, yet it actually does not recognize children's ability to have voices. Hence, this kind of discourse potentially excludes the children further from the discussion on how to mitigate the pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Given the increased risk of malnutrition in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), determining their nutritional status is critical for preventing adverse surgical risks. However, no such disaggregated, national-level data are available in Indonesia. We aimed to determine the nutritional status of patients with clefts in Indonesia and to identify problems and solutions for malnutrition cases within the population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we considered records of individuals who underwent primary surgery for CLP in Smile Train-sponsored facilities in Indonesia between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021 (n = 18 480). We only included children under the age of five with an evaluation date prior to admission date and excluded subjects with invalid data values. We classified their nutritional status by z-scores according to the World Health Organization Child Growth Standard (2006). Malnutrition cases cover four indicators - stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight. We compared the prevalence for malnutrition cases in children under the age of five using national health survey data. Results We included 1899 records following data validation. The national prevalence of stunting (24.4%), wasting (12.5%), and overweight cases (12.9%) was high, while underweight cases (6.8%) were comparatively low. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in nutritional status based on length/height-for-age between girls and boys aged 0-5 months (P = 0.008) and 48-60 months (P = 0.001), and based on body mass index-for-age (P = 0.000) between girls and boys aged 0-5 months. Girls in different age groups exhibited a statistically significant difference in nutritional status based on length/height-for-age (P = 0.002) and weight-for-age (P = 0.017). Concurrent stunting and overweight were the most common forms of concurrent malnutrition (8.7%). We found a significant difference in the prevalence of underweight (P = 0.001) and overweight (P = 0.000) cases between children with CLP and those without CLP. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of nutritional interventions for children with orofacial clefts in Indonesia, and the importance of age and gender in their design and implementation. Further investigation is necessary to explore the risks of overweight and concurrent malnutrition among this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by cases of sexual violence in children have a serious impact on children, both directly and long-term. One form of legal protection for children to overcome sexual violence against children, the Government issued Perppu No. 1 of 2016 which was passed into UU No. 17 of 2016. This study aims to find out how the view of human rights in Indonesia and Islamic criminal law regarding chemical castration as an effort to overcome sexual violence in children. This research uses library research method using descriptive analysis approach. The result of this study is in human rights The implementation of chemical castration is an act of violence and is considered contrary to the 1945 Constitution, namely in Article 28 G paragraph 2 and Article 33 paragraph 1 of UU No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. Meanwhile, Islamic criminal law basically does not recognize castration. The punishment of chemical castration is ta'zir. This study concludes that from the perpetrator's side, this criminal conviction is clearly not in accordance with human rights. From the side of the child as a victim, of course, this chemical castration crime can be an appropriate crime. In Islamic penal law, chemical castration can be imposed if rape committed by the perpetrator is included in an act close to adultery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The habit of smoking is common among Indonesian adults, teenagers, and even children. This research, therefore, aims to develop a non-smoking regional policy to protect children in Palu City, Indonesia. Methods: Data were systematically obtained from variousonline literature reviews, including reports, journals, and books from the last ten years. The journals were mostly from scholars, while the article was screened according to the research objectives. Research that is included in the systematic discussion not completely abstracted for inclusion in this paper is issued for the inclusion of selected study details in tabular format. Results: The result showed that the use of a non-smoking regional policy is effective in preventing children smoking habits. The bureaucratic structure has been adequately implemented, however, there are lots of errors associated with the communication, disposition, and resources used due to differences of opinion among policymakers, lack of human resources, and the poor commitment of stakeholders. All literature was selected and screened from scholars. Conclusion: In conclusion, a non-smoking regional policy is effective in preventing children smoking habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian children suffer from stunting because of a chronic lack of energy and protein intake. Maternal caregiving capabilities are skills and attributes of the mother which determine their ability to use resources for positive nutrition to support their children's health. This study aimed to analyse the association between maternal caregiving capabilities and energy-protein adequacy among children with stunting. This study used a cross-sectional correlation design. The data was collected using a maternal caregiving capabilities questionnaire and 24-hour food recall in 130 mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years with stunted growth, registered at Puskesmas. The study found a significant association between maternal caregiving capabilities and a child's energy and protein adequacy. As mothers' maternal caregiving capabilities increased, their capacity to provide adequate energy and protein for their children increased. We believe that community health nurses can promote health and empower mothers to increase their capability to meet the nutritional needs of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minister of Empowerment of Women and Children No. 11 of 2011 concerning childfriendly City/District Policy is part of a government policy that aims to protect children in all aspects of life. Child-friendly districts/cities (KLA) are those that have a development system based on children’s rights through the integration of government, community, and business commitments and resources that are planned comprehensively and sustainably in policies, programs, and activities to ensure the fulfillment of children’s rights. The KLA is basically based on fulfilling children’s rights, covering civil rights and freedoms, family environment and alternative care, basic health and welfare, education, usage of leisure time, cultural activities, and special protection. To build a child-friendly district or city requires a village’s existence to realize the fulfillment of a child-friendly city. A child-friendly village (DLA) is a village and sub-district development that brings together the commitment and resources of the village government, the community, and the business community in the framework of fulfilling children’s rights, protecting children from acts of violence, exploitation, and abuse. Hearing children’s opinions, which are planned consciously, comprehensively, and continuously. To create a child-friendly village community, participation in establishing child-friendly homes will greatly influence success in learning child-friendly villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first 1000 days of life constitute a critical phase that will determine the optimum growth and development of a child. An important factor in this phase of life is the perinatal mental health of mothers and children. Mental health awareness is an important public health issue with significant impacts on mothers, spouses, and families, as well as the long-term emotional and cognitive development of children as well. However, the awareness and promotion of mental health within the realms of reproductive health, maternal health, and infant health, i.e., the first 1000 days of life, do not receive high prioritization in Indonesia. Nonetheless, Indonesia, with its existing primary healthcare system, has the potential to raise awareness of and promote the importance of perinatal mental health for its citizens. This experts' consensus proposes several strategies to maximize the usefulness of primary healthcare facilities in Indonesia, including Community Health Centers and Integrated Healthcare Posts, to support perinatal mental health awareness and promotion during the first 1000 days of life. The success of this program, in return, will improve the health status of women and children in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate the impacts of a $120 million project in Indonesia conducted between 2014 and 2018 that sought to reduce stunting through a combination of (1) community‐driven development grants targeted at health and education outcomes, (2) training for health providers on infant and young child feeding and growth monitoring and (3) training for sanitarians on a local variation of community‐led total sanitation. This cluster randomized controlled trial involved 95 treatment and 95 control subdistricts across South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and Central Kalimantan provinces. Overall, we find no significant impacts on stunting, the study's primary outcome measure (0.5 pp; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.0 to 4.1 percentage points [pp]), or other longer‐term undernutrition outcomes about 1 year after the end of the project. The project had a modest impact on some secondary, more proximal outcomes related to maternal and child nutrition, including the percentage of mothers consuming the recommended number of iron‐folic acid pills during pregnancy (8.7 pp; 95% CI: 4.1–13.3 pp), 0–5‐month‐olds being exclusively breastfed (8.7 pp; 95% CI: 1.8–15.6 pp) and 6–23‐month‐olds receiving the number of recommended meals per day (8.5 pp; 95% CI: 3.8–13.2 pp). However, there were no significant impacts on other proximal outcomes like the number of pre‐natal and post‐natal checkups, child dietary diversity, child vitamin A receipt or the incidence of child diarrhoea. Our findings highlight that successfully implementing an integrated package of interventions to reduce child stunting may be challenging in practice. Project design needs to consider implementation reality along with best practice—for example, by piloting the synchronous implementation of multifaceted interventions or phasing them in more gradually over a longer timeframe. Key messages: A well‐resourced multifaceted project that sought to reduce stunting through (1) a health and education‐focused community‐driven development programme, (2) provider training on infant and young child feeding and growth monitoring, and (3) training on community‐led total sanitation had no impact on child stunting rates although it successfully improved aspects of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding.Successfully implementing an integrated package of interventions to reduce child stunting may be challenging in practice, especially in a typical programme timeframe.Piloting the synchronous implementation of multifaceted interventions or phasing them in more gradually are potential solutions but might require funders to commit to longer implementation timeframes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate access to food at home contributes to growth retardation in childhood. Under-five children who suffer from stunting have problems in their growth and development owing to a lack of nutrients over an extended period of time. This study aimed to analyzed the relationship between household food security and stunting prevalence. This study uses a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Seven electronic databases are used: PubMed, ProQuest, MDPI, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Portal Garuda. This research was based on studies conducted in Indonesia and published between 2013 and 2023. For the final result, sixteen articles were included. Household food security has a positive correlation with the stunting of under-five children in Indonesia. Moreover, households with food insecurity had a greater risk of stunting. A household is said to be food-secure when access to food is fulfilled by all family members. From this systematic review, the government is expected to formulate policies and strategies to improve household food security and the nutritional status of children under the age of five. To accomplish these efforts, coordination between sectors is required to accelerate and strengthen the implementation of these policies and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family is one of the most influential social institutions and caregivers act as the main protective factors for children's mental health and resilience skills. Family skills programmes support caregivers to be better parents and strengthen positive age-specific and age-appropriate family functioning and interactions. We developed a universal, brief and light programme for implementation in low-resource settings, the Family UNited (FU) programme, and conducted a pilot study to show feasibility of implementation, replicability and effectiveness in improving family functioning, child behaviour and resilience. Methods: We recruited caregivers with children aged 8–14 years through schools in East Java, Indonesia and Dhaka, Bangladesh to the FU programme. Demographic data, emotional and behavioural difficulties of children, child resilience and parental skills and family adjustment measures were collected from children and caregivers before, 2 and 6 weeks after the intervention. Outcome was assessed through the SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), PAFAS (Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales) and CYRM-R (Child and Youth Resilience Measure). Results: We enrolled 29 families in Bangladesh and allocated 37 families to the intervention and 33 to the control group in Indonesia. Overall, there was no effect over time in the control group on any of the PAFAS subscales, whereas significant reductions in scores were found on six of the seven subscales in either country in the intervention group, most prominently in caregivers with higher scores at baseline. We found highly significant reductions in total SDQ scores in the intervention group in both countries, whereas there was no effect over time in the control group in Indonesia. Boys in the intervention group in Indonesia and in Bangladesh seemed to have benefitted significantly on the SDQ as well as the total resilience scale. Overall, on the CYRM-R, particularly children below the 33rd percentile at pre-test benefitted substantially from the programme. Conclusions: The implementation of a brief family skills programme was seemingly effective and feasible in resource-limited settings and positively improved child mental health, resilience and parenting practices and family adjustment skills. These results suggest the value of such a programme and call for further validation through other methods of impact assessment and outcome evaluation. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN99645405, retrospectively registered, 22 September, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: More women experience gender inequality even though they play a significant role in household food security. Women have more limited access to education and employment opportunities, thus affecting economic autonomy and lower bargaining power within the household. Gender inequality experienced by women has an impact on household food insecurity. Objectives: To analyze differences in the eating habits of families and children under five and household food security among households with high and low gender equality. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in areas of low and high gender inequality in Indonesia. A total of 303 households with children under five participated in this study. Data collection included family characteristics, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and families and children's eating habits. The Mann- Whitney difference test examined the differences between variables in two areas. Results: Food insecurity prevalence in low gender equality areas (moderately food insecure 45.6%, severe 23.8%), significant differences (p<0.05) within high gender equality areas (moderately food insecure 34.6%, severe 17.3%). Families in areas of high gender equality, more frequently eating three meals a day (p<0.001), eating together (p=0.003), husbands (p<0.001), and children (p<0.001), have a higher role as menu deciders. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the eating habits of children under five in the two areas. Conclusions: Households in low gender equality areas are more food insecure and have low-income family eating habits than high gender equality areas. Therefore, special attention is needed from the government to improve gender equality through increased education and women's economic empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities is the property of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although many anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are available, treatment failure, known as drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), still occurs in around 30% of children with epilepsy. Second-line ASMs are usually used as substitution therapy in DRE to control seizures, although international consensus is not available yet. Previous studies focus on comparing the ASMs, whether as add-on or substitution therapy, mainly conducted in newly diagnosed epilepsy. However, the study that investigated first-line ASMs as substitution therapy compared to second-line ones, particularly among DRE children, is still lacking. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolling 102 participants, aged 1-18, at three referral hospitals in Indonesia will be conducted, dividing them into intervention and control groups. The intervention group will be treated with first-line ASMs as the substitution therapy, while the other in the control group will get second-line ASMs. The primary outcome measure is the proportion difference of responders between groups who get first-line and second-line ASMs in 14 weeks of intervention. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05697614. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty remains a pervasive problem in many cities, resulting in a large population of homeless people and beggars. This study examines the management of street beggars in Medan City, Indonesia, and finds that the current approach has not been effective in addressing the issue. Despite the existence of a regional regulation prohibiting homelessness and begging, the practice continues to persist, especially among children. The cost of managing street beggars is still relatively low, and the services provided are inadequate to meet their needs. Moreover, the local government's response is limited to appeals and temporary detention, rather than longterm solutions. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys of street beggars and government officials. The data revealed a complex picture of the challenges and opportunities in managing street begging, including the need for more comprehensive and coordinated services for homeless people and beggars, as well as greater public awareness and involvement in the issue. The findings suggest that a more holistic and inclusive approach is needed to address the root causes of poverty and homelessness, and to provide a sustainable solution for street beggars in Medan City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indonesia ranks the fifth highest in child stunting among Asian countries. Aceh, a westernmost province in Indonesia recorded the highest prevalence of stunting in children under two years old in the nation. Our study investigated the current government efforts on child stunting reduction activities since the introduction of Governor Regulation No. 14/2019. Methods: The study investigated the current efforts of Aceh governments and relevant actors on child stunting reduction using in-depth interviews, document reviews and focus group discussions. Results: Thirty-five (35) respondents including policy makers were interviewed, four focus group discussions (15 each group) were conducted, and various official documents were reviewed. Various challenges for reducing child stunting in Aceh were identified: inadequate knowledge and skills of Posyandu cadres on child stunting; reluctance to consume iron and folic acid (IFA), and supplementary foods (PMT Bumil) by many pregnant women due to perceived annoying effects and unappetizing taste; work engagement, insufficient breast milk production and inadequate support from husbands failing to achieve exclusive breastfeeding among nursing women; inadequate provision of complementary fortified foods for children 6–23 months; lack of clean water, waste management and WASH practices. Conclusion: The intervention on both nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive factors was found to be insufficient in Aceh. Although WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) practices are the most important contributors to child stunting, only the health agency plays a singular role in reduction efforts by focussing on specific factors. Coordination between relevant agencies to address both factors is required to achieve the effectiveness of child stunting reduction and prevention in Aceh. Significance: What is Already Known on this Subject? The prevalence of child stunting in Aceh province is relatively high (40%) and which is higher than the average national prevalence of 27.67%. The Aceh government began to reduce and prevent child stunting prevalence in 2019 by addressing nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive factors through an integrated approach. No study has been reported on examining the efforts of Aceh governments against child stunting reduction using four WHO recommendations (Enhance the identification, measurement and understanding of stunting; Strengthen interventions to enhance maternal nutrition and health, beginning with teenage girls; Improve interventions for exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices; Reinforce community-based interventions on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices (WASH) as a framework for analysis. What this Study Adds. Our study has recorded numerous challenges in reducing and preventing stunted children in Aceh based on the four WHO recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze parents' roles in building student competence oriented toward educational sustainability development (ESD) in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. In this study, ESD is discussed in the context of loving the environment and efforts to prevent contamination of air, water, and soil. The study adopted a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach. The research location is Cirebon, a city of West Java in Indonesia. The research subjects consisted of parents and elementary school students from first to sixth grades as a form of self-education regarding sustainability development. The research was conducted between February 2022 and November 2022. The study data were collected using the participant interview method and observation of participation, supported by secondary data documentation. The validity of the data was increased by checking, rechecking, cross-checking, and prolonging their stay at the research location. Miles and Huberman's approach was used to analyze the data at hand. This approach consists of four research stages: data collection, data classification, data reduction, and conclusion. The study results show that parents have a very important role in cultivating student learning competencies with an educational orientation of sustainability development. From an early age, parents should instill competence in students that education must be oriented toward environmental sustainability and avoid actions that result in contamination of soil, water, and air in the framework of the survival of the earth and human survival. Children must go to school and be smart to become the next generation who will come in good condition and love preserving the earth and human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight years on from the enactment of Law of The Republic Indonesia No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, there is no implementing regulation that regulates the reprimand sanction imposed on children. In other countries, for example in the United States, a reprimand is called a judicial warning or reprimand, and is implemented in front of a pubic trial by a judge, who verbally warns children,, following which they are returned to their parents and have no obligation that must be met regarding the criminal acts they have committed. This type of penalty is mostly imposed on a juvenile who is guilty of their first offence, as well as against non-violent crimes. The placement of the reprimand in Article 77 Paragraph (1) of JCJS Act is not without purpose, but this is a form of protection for children of criminal offenders and provides choices for judges in imposing sanctions other than imprisonment. Using normative legal methods, this research examines the current practice of implementing the reprimand sanction and proposes possible suggestions for its improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Public Health Research & Community Health Development is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extensive research, in Western countries, links parental mood and parenting styles with child outcomes including emotional and behavioural adjustment. However, the effects of cultural differences, particularly between Australia and Indonesia on such linkages have not been adequately addressed in the existing literature. This cross-cultural study aims to examine the relationship between perceived parental mood, parenting styles, and child emotional and behavioural adjustment among both Australian and Indonesian parents. Using an online survey, a total of 436 parents (125 Australian and 311 Indonesian parents) with at least one typically developing child between the age of 3 and 9 years participated in this descriptive, exploratory study. Results indicated that in comparison to Australian parents, Indonesian participants reported greater anxiety symptoms, lower levels of depression, and more use of an authoritarian style in parenting. Similar patterns in the associations of observed variables were found between different cultural groups. High levels of parental stress and less use of authoritative parenting were revealed to be predictors of child emotional and behavioural problems while the authoritative parenting style was the predictor for child competencies within both cultures. This study provides evidence for the inconsistency between cultural preference in parenting style and the predicted factors for child outcomes. Highlights: This is one of the few studies that directly compares parenting across a Western (Australian) and an Asian (Indonesian) culture. Despite cultural differences, the high use of authoritative parenting and low use of authoritarian parenting styles were associated with higher child competencies in both Australia and Indonesia parenting. Indonesian parents were more likely to use authoritarian parenting than Australian parents but also reported lower levels of depressive symptomatology. This suggests a cultural difference in the association between parenting style and depressive symptoms. Parent's poor parental moods (depression and anxiety) are consistently associated with parenting styles and child adjustment within Western cultures; however, the links are less clear for Asian countries potentially due to cultural acceptance of and high use of authoritarian parenting. Culturally differences and norms play a role in parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faulty eyewitness testimony can be a notorious source of mistakes in the legal system potentially leading to wrongful convictions and miscarriages of justice. The current study examined the knowledge of a sample of police officers (n = 270) and psychologists (n = 63) in Indonesia regarding factors known to influence the validity of eyewitness testimony given by adults and children. Previous studies have documented that police and psychologists in Western countries have less-than-optimal knowledge about the psychology of eyewitness testimony. Similarly, our non-Western sample also demonstrated a lack of knowledge that may be damaging in the legal context such as the belief that recall of minor details indicates accuracy of memory. For both adult and child eyewitnesses, the psychologists performed significantly better than the police but at the item level these differences were small in size. Intriguingly, we also found that psychologists were more likely than the police officers to endorse the item about repression of memories. The findings show the need for teaching on the psychology of eyewitness testimony for professional groups involved in the legal arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pandemic causes an increase in the poverty rate. The consequences will be many, including the birth of stunting babies. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on stunting. Analyzing the factors that cause stunting during a pandemic will provide suggestions for effective stunting prevention strategies at the national, regional, community, and household levels. This study aims to determine the factors that influence stunting during the pandemic. Method: We use mixed methods. The respondents of this study were 152 mothers of the Maternal and Child Nutrition Security project, and the sampling technique is Cluster Sampling. Quantitatively using a baseline survey whose analysis uses multiple logistic regression to determine the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio. The qualitative data used focus group discussions which were analyzed using Nvivo 12 with a questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements of children from surveyed households. Results: This study summarizes the multivariate analysis of stunting determinants in the pandemic era, revealing statistically significant interactions between household sanitation facilities and household water treatment. Significant risk factors for severe stunting during the pandemic were male gender, older child age, coming from a low socioeconomic quintile, not participating in prenatal care at a health facility, and mother's involvement in choices about what to prepare for Community House. The FGDs identified misinformation about childcare and consumption of sweetened condensed milk as significant contributors to child malnutrition. Conclusions: Lack of sanitation facilities and untreated water are contributing factors. Water, sanitation, and hygiene initiatives must be included into Indonesian policies and programs to combat child stunting during a pandemic. The need for further research related to government assistance for improving toddler nutrition, as well as the relationship between WASH and linear development in early infancy should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its determinants in children may provide a comprehensive view of child health. The study aimed to assess the HRQOL in Indonesian children and its determinants.Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, from August to November 2019. We recruited children aged 2 to 18 years old using the Sleman Health and Demography Surveillance System sample frame. We used the validated Indonesian version of Pediatric Quality of life Inventory™ (Peds QL™) 4.0 Generic core scale, proxy-reports, and self-reports, to assess the HRQOL.Results: We recruited 633 proxies and 531 children aged 2-18 years. The mean total score of self-report and proxy-report were 89.9+ 8.5 and 93.3 + 6.4. There was a fair to moderate correlation between self-reports and proxy-reports, with intra-class correlation ranging from 0.34 to 0.47, all p < 0.001. Half of the children (49.4% from proxy-report and 50.1% from self-report) reported having acute illness during the last month. Based on proxy-reports, multivariate regression analysis demonstrated lower HRQOL for children with acute health problems, younger age, history of low birth weight, abnormal delivery, lower fathers' educational level, and government-paid insurance for low-income families.Conclusion: Sociodemographic determinants of a child's HRQOL, acute health problems, and low birth weight were associated with lower HRQOL in the general pediatric population. In low- and middle-income countries where acute infections and low birth weight are still prevalent, its prevention and appropriate interventions should improve child health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test surveillance of pregnant women visiting antenatal care (ANC) clinics was used to estimate participation of pregnant women in HIV testing. Socio-demographic recording of HIV patients was conducted to gain a better knowledge of the disease profile, and to aid into the development of more effective HIV prevention and care strategies. Demographic studies of pregnant women who test positive for HIV can serve as proxies for targeted HIV interventions in a wider community as well as mother-to-child transmission prevention. Material and methods: A total of 607 pregnant women, aged 15-49 years, who first visited ANC clinic during a period of January-March 2020 were enrolled. Samples were gathered for three months, or until target sample size was met. Chi-square test was performed to determine various age factors. Link between demographic characteristics and risk of HIV infection was determined using logistic regression approach with SPSS version 26.0. Results: Overall, no demographic variables were found to be substantially associated with HIV prevalence. However, research on demographic characteristics, history of HIV testing, and COVID-19 pandemic revealed that the most conducted tests were among young, less educated, primigravida, and rural women with poor socio-economic status. Conclusions: There is a relationship between parity, employment status, education level, and age and HIV testing among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stunting is linear growth retardation and a major public health problem among children worldwide. This study was done to investigate the determinants of stunting in children under five years at the Rumbia Health Center, Indonesia. Methods: This case-control study was done on 82 (41 cases and 41 controls) subjects matched by age and sex, taken by purposive sampling involving infants and children aged 6-59 months in Rumbia District, Bombana Regency, Indonesia, consisting of 5 Village. Data were collected using medical records and a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by odds ratios and logistic regression using SPSS software version 16. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The results based on multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of stunting was influenced by a number of factors, including a history of exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.352), birth weight (OR=5.106), family income (OR=0.703), and mother's education level (OR=0.175). However, the mother's education level was significantly related to the incidence of stunting in this analysis model (P=0.003). Conclusion: Indonesian mothers should be more active in accessing information about stunting and how to prevent it. Community health nurses and other members of the health care team are recommended to intensify the provision of stunting education and information to the community, especially to at-risk families. Also, special attention must be paid to women's access to higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 7-month-old, previously healthy Indonesian baby was referred with chief complaint of several general seizures, fever and diarrhea. The baby was irritable with positive pathological reflexes. Head CT scan suggesting meningoencephalitis. CSF culture resulted Salmonella spp and biochemical test supported Salmonella paratyphi B. The baby was treated with ampicillin and chloramphenicol for two weeks. The patient was discharge without neurological complication. Salmonella paratyphi B in infant is a rare entity and it is the first case that ever reported in Indonesia. Proper management with adequate antibiotics resulted satisfactory outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early adolescence (ages 10–14) is a critical period of physical, cognitive, social and emotional development, which affect sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). Yet, little is known about positive or healthy aspects of sexuality development during this period of life, especially in South East Asia where sexual norms remain restrictive. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and correlates of sexual wellbeing among early adolescent girls and boys ages 10–14 years in Indonesia. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected as part of the Global Early Adolescent Study via a school-based survey in three Indonesian urban sites in 2018 (N = 4309). We assessed the prevalence of multiple indicators of sexual wellbeing (e.g. SRHR knowledge and communication, gender attitudes, body satisfaction, self-efficacy, freedom from violence) and tested for differences by sex using Chi-square, Student t-test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the adjusted odds ratio of selected indicators in relation to sociodemographic factors, romantic relationship status, and sexual activities. Results: The mean age of students was 12 years (53% girls); 90% had started puberty. SRHR knowledge and communication was low overall, but higher among boys than girls. Boys were more likely than girls to report high body satisfaction, less feelings of guilt in relation to sexuality, but also to have experienced physical peer violence. In contrast, girls were more likely to hold gender equal attitudes, greater perceived self-efficacy to say 'no', and to report being bullied by boys. In multivariable models, romantic relationship experiences, perceived voice (boys and girls) and decision-making (girls) were associated with three or more indicators of sexual wellbeing. Conclusions: While young adolescents in Indonesia score high on some aspects of sexual wellbeing, misconceptions, feelings of guilt and uncertainties related to sexuality are common, with clear gender differences. These findings confirm the need for comprehensive sexuality education that begins early in adolescence. Plain language summary: Ages 10–14 years, known as early adolescence, is a fundamental time when young people become increasingly aware of their bodies, gender and sexuality. Yet, little is known about positive or healthy aspects of sexuality development during this period of life, as most studies tend to focus on risky outcomes such as teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. In this study, we conducted a survey with primary school students aged 10–14 years in Indonesia, asking them about sexual wellbeing from a broad sense, such as their body image and knowledge about sexual and reproductive health and rights. We analyzed responses from 4309 participants using statistical methods and compared the results between boys and girls. We found that misconceptions, feelings of guilt and lack of knowledge related to sexual and reproductive health were common, with clear differences between boys and girls. Our study provides new information about healthy sexuality development in an Asian setting where young people's sexual and reproductive health is often considered taboo. The results can be used to guide programs and research to improve sexual and reproductive health and rights in Indonesia and other low-income settings. In particular, comprehensive sexuality education may play an important role to support sexual wellbeing by providing factual and age-appropriate information as young people grow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leprosy is one of the neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Endemic areas are still found due to incapability of MDT regimen alone to eradicate leprosy. The good understanding of high-risk population characteristic to plan elimination strategy of leprosy is needed, especially in vulnerable populations such as mothers and children population. This study aims to find association between socioeconomic factors and the incidence of leprosy in maternal and children leprosy in endemic areas. Methods: This is a case-control study in endemic areas in Tuban Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The obtained data was done using structured questionnaire and direct measurement. Chi-square, t-test/Mann-Whitney test was used to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and the incidence of leprosy in maternal and children leprosy in endemic areas. Results: 22 pairs of cases and 57 pairs of controls were analyzed. This study found that education is associated with the incidence of leprosy. Significant results were observed in father’s education (p value= 0.023) with the incidence of maternal leprosy and mother’s education (p value=0.003) education) and father’s education (p value= 0.013) with the incidence of children leprosy. Family income also associated with the incidence of maternal (p value= 0.040) and children leprosy (p value= 0.036). Occupation is not associated with the incidence of leprosy. Conclusion : The result of this study shows that education and family income are related with the incidence of leprosy in both, mothers and children population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondhand Smoking (SHS) exposure had a great impact on health, especially among a vulnerable group like breastfeeding mothers and infants. No previous research was found on the risk of lower parenting quality with the risk of SHS exposure among infants. This research aimed to analyze the prevalence of SHS exposure at home in infants with family characteristics and parenting quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Magelang with 216 households that had an infant as a household member. SHS exposure at home and family characteristics assessed with a questionnaire and parenting quality assessed with HOMESF, divided into emotional support and cognitive stimulation. The prevalence of SHS at home was 81%. Family characteristics related were higher means of sum of children (t= -2.494; p=0.013), shorter birth spacing (t= -3.146; p=0.002), younger age of mother (t= -3.798; p=0.000) and father (t= -3.766; p=0.000), and shorter years of father education (t= -2.933; p=0.004) were significantly related to higher prevalence of SHS exposure at home.and also lower cognitive stimulation (F=2.705- p=0.046). Several family characteristics and also the quality of parenting identified as factors associated with infant SHS exposure at home. The high prevalence needs attention for intensive health promotion and consistent implementation of smoke-free legislation to protect infant and breastfeeding mothers from SHS exposure at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]