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This welcome set of original and instructive papers illuminates and enriches the history of twentieth‐century ethology in multiple ways. It adds a wealth of actors, animals, methods, and places to those featured in previous treatments of ethology's development. Some of the papers extend the chronology beyond the heyday of ethology's disciplinary construction to consider exciting developments in the 1970s and beyond. Others consider animal behavior research programs pursued contemporaneously with but independently of mainline ethology's development from the 1930s through the 1960s. Another paper takes us inside an ethologist's archive of visual images to examine the importance of such images (and such a setting) for ethological practice. Collectively, the papers provide new opportunities to contemplate how research programs and disciplines evolve; the relations between concepts, practices, and places; ethology and politics, and much more. At the same time, the individuality of the papers is conspicuous. They have not been constructed on the same model. The authors have followed their own approaches, corresponding to their own, respective interests. A short commentary is not sufficient to do justice to each of them. Rather than attempt to review them one by one, I will consider a pair of themes that may help relate the papers to each other and to the history of ethology: (1) the ongoing challenge of defining ethology and identifying who the ethologists were (or are); (2) the practices and places of animal behavior study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since many scholars (M. Gimbutas, D. Telehin, T. Movsha and others) considered the corded pottery decoration as a feature of the so-called pra-Indo-European cultural complex, the history of its diffusion is one of the key problems of the Eastern European past of the 5th--4th Millennia BC. Nevertheless, despite the question's significance, no comprehensive research would describe the spread of the corded decoration throughout Europe and define which cultures used it first. Fulfilment of this lacune is the purpose of the research paper. The scholarly novelty of the paper is such that for the first time, the corded pottery of the thirteen Eneolithic cultures will be analysed within the same text: Seredniy Stih, Dereivka, Moliukhiv Buhor, Rohachyk, Serezliivka, Yanmaya, Lukashivka, Sofiivka, Horodsk-Volhynia, Gordinești, Kasperivtsi and Usatovo. The main method of the paper is typological. Also, when it is possible, we use the methods of descriptive statistics. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted analysis, researchers concluded that classical corded decoration appears within the environment of the Trypillia and so-called 'steppe' cultures almost simultaneously -- at the beginning of the 4th Millennia BC. Further, the corded decoration became widespread within the Trypillia culture, where it is documented on the pottery of every late Trypillian local variant, while for the 'steppe' cultures, the corded decoration remains marginal. Based on this, the researchers claim that the appearance of cord decoration in the steppe is a sign of Trypillian influences and not the other way around -- an influence on Trypillia from the side of the steppe. In addition, the authors believe that the few finds of dishes decorated with cord impressions in the environment of the Serezliivka culture are an additional argument in favour of the formation of the latter based on the Trypillia culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epochs-making events of history escalated the paradigms of pedagogical writings of the organizational realm and served as a heuristic tool for the development of theories. The centre of this paper is to erect the bridge linking all junctures of ancient times and transfigured anatomy of organizational slants. The first segment of the paper seeds the soil of contents to our arguments principally for the readers who are entering the realm of chronological demarcations for the first time. Pithy accounts of organizational theories are delineated regarding how paradoxical pillars of faiths towards all institutions disoriented the entire organizational domains and perspectives and bestow the discourse with three Centrum themes. Scholars spared no effort to expound on the introduction of the Fibonacci family and its inexplicable effects in the patterns of nature, music, architecture, and painting even in the human body. This pedagogical attempt proffers matchless currency by enunciating the expression of golden Fibonacci numbers; golden Fibonacci recursive formula as a metaphorical delineation to modernism, symbolic and post-modernist organizational theories. The golden rectangle comparison to perceptions of four research paradigms; the golden Fibonacci ratio concerning fathoming the ontological and epistemological paradigms; the golden angle exemplification to decipher the reflective organizations; and the golden spiral allegorical attempt at reflective organizations is the eminent pronouncement of this paper. Prestigious contemporary constituent; corporate aesthetic reviews engrossed the contemplation of organizational scientists during the last decade. In this research, we ventured to comprehend corporate aesthetic capital over instrumental capital with the supremacy of organizational "crisis of representation". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the long-term dynamics in the canopy proves to be difficult due to the short observational records of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). To explore the linkage between tree growth, NDVI dynamics and largescale atmospheric circulation in the Greater Khingan Mountain, Northeast China, we established a chronology of Larix gmelinii tree ring width at three elevations (870-920 m, 1,100-1,150 m and 1,270-1,320 m) in the northern foothills of the mountain range. We then calculated the correlations between the tree ring chronologies and NDVI and climate factors, and reconstructed the NDVI time series from June to September 1759-2021 in the region based on the middle-elevation tree ring chronology. The results identify the positive effect of temperature (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and the negative effect of precipitation (r = 0.44, p < 0.01) in the growing season as the main influencing factors of NDVI for the study period (1981-2019). The 11-year moving average of the reconstructed NDVI series reveals two periods of high canopy vigor (1898-1926 and 2009-2013) and three periods of low canopy vigor (1860-1962, 1882-1888 and 1968-1977) in the last 263 years. These periods correspond to drought events recorded in the historical literature. Wavelet analysis shows that the reconstructed sequences exhibited 11-13, 23-25, and 39-42 years period variations. Integrating this with spatial correlation analysis reveals that tree growth in the Mangui region was impacted by the combined effect of the North Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. The results of this paper provide a reference for the study of vegetation change patterns in the northern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The archive has played a crucial role in art historical scholarship in helping to flesh out the identities of colonial artists, scribes, and writers. But the vagaries of history, colonialist violences, and postcolonial regimes mean that the archives undergirding such study are particularly unstable. This essay treats the role of archives (their lacunae as well as their surpluses) in shaping the historical methods and scholarly desires around these actors. Case studies are organized around objects made of ink and paper, the same materials as colonial documentation. These cases span a wide temporal range, a broad geographic frame, and a diverse set of period actors. Set out in reverse chronological order, they capture the longing and lament that colonial archives produce. The essay then turns to archival gaps that have been or might be filled, focalizing a range or methods—from historically sanctioned modes of recovery to patently fraudulent fictions—to explore generative methods of probing archival limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of a request from Library of Congress leadership to assess pre-coordinated versus post-coordinated subject cataloging. It argues that the disadvantages of pre-coordinated subject strings are perennial and continue to hinder progress, while the advantages of post-coordinated subject cataloging have expanded, resulting in new opportunities to serve the needs of catalogers and end users alike. The consequences of retaining pre-coordinated headings will have long-term impacts that heavily out-weigh the short-term challenges of transitioning to new cataloging practices. By implementing post-coordinated, faceted vocabularies, the Library of Congress will be investing in the future of libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along the coast of northwestern Alaska, architectural wood remains are well preserved in the Birnirk and Thule coastal sites of the early 2nd millennium CE. These structural wood elements are unique archives for documenting climatic variations and cultural transformations during this key development period of Inuit culture. Along this treeless Arctic coast, driftwood accumulates from the subarctic forests of interior Alaska. Except for northwestern Alaska, regional tree-ring chronologies are too short (at best 350–400 years) to successfully date archaeological wood remains from Birnirk and Thule coastal sites using conventional dendrochronology. This paper examines the potential of tree-ring derived δ 18O signal to annually date eight architectural wood samples from the Rising Whale (KTZ-304) site at Cape Espenberg, northwestern Alaska. We developed a δ 18O master chronology, covering the period 935–1157 CE, using five wood samples from the KTZ-304 site. Blind isotope cross-dating of individual series belonging to this δ 18O master chronology (one against the other four) showed conclusive dating and a very strong coherence of the isotopic signal. We, then, used the δ 18O master chronology to cross-date three other wood samples for which we knew, from previous 14C wiggle-matching procedure, the first measured ring to be in this time interval, within a ± 18 to 30-year precision. Oxygen isotope dendrochronology provided a plausible date for one of the samples (the first measured ring at 1073 CE). This preliminary study encourages us to acquire additional data to extend in time and strengthen the δ 18O master chronology of northwestern Alaska (NWAK18O) and help refine our understanding of climate and culture change during the 2nd millennium CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politique Africaine is the property of Karthala Editions Diffusion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural interaction and exchange across the Bering Strait of northern Alaska played a central role in the emergence of Arctic maritime adaptations. Yet poor chronological control limits our ability to explore processes of cultural change over the last 5000 years. We address this problem by synthesizing the available radiocarbon record for the region, carrying out Bayesian analysis of a regional radiocarbon database, and analyzing the BAR-1 (Birnirk) site using new dates published in this paper. Our synthesis and our illustrative analysis of the BAR-1 site highlights several intriguing temporal and spatial trends with implications for interaction between cultural groups. Our analysis also underscores the uncertainty associated with dating cultural phases and identifies specific areas where additional research is needed to further our understanding of cultural interaction in this complex region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses and underlines the importance of investigations on post-medieval shipwrecks, particularly for wrecks where archival documentation is also available, in relation to gaining a better knowledge of tin-glazed tableware produced in Montelupo (Florence, Tuscany). The case of the Mortella II wrecks is interesting in this sense and also shows how an exact dating of the wreck can allow for a revision of the chronologies of the ceramic classes found on board. In the case of the majolica of Montelupo, the revision of the dating of these ceramics with great diffusion (Europe, Americas, Africa) has major repercussions on international archaeological research. This paper presents a preliminary study of the Montelupo tin-glazed tableware found in the 2021 excavation researches conducted on the Mortella II wreck. The interest in the pottery recovered is high, for several reasons: (A) The dating of the wreck to 1527, clarified thanks to the discovery of a written document related to the sinking of the two Genoese "twin" ships off Saint-Florent (Haute-Corse), which are conventionally defined as Mortella II and III. (B) The almost exclusive presence of Montelupo majolica, a ceramic class among the most important between the 16th and 17th centuries, with a very wide dispersal throughout in the Mediterranean and Europe, as well as internationally. (C) The variety of decorations of the majolica of Montelupo documented thus far in the wreck (at least nine) makes this first sample a reference site for the study of this ceramic class in the first quarter of the 16th century, especially for the precise date of closure for the context (1527). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological excavations in the Levant have provided a significant number of marble finds dated to the early Byzantine period (4th - mid-7th century CE). Information on these objects is, however, scattered over numerous publications, hindering synthetic studies of marble imports that reached this part of the Mediterranean world. A way to address this problem was to create a database facilitating access to the dataset of marble finds from the southern Levant. This paper presents the Marmora Bizantina database, describes its content and interface, and discusses the geographic and chronological scope of the dataset. Some uses of the database are discussed, remarking on the limitations that need to be taken into account. The paper also provides information on the analytical tools available on the database website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age discrimination comes to the fore at all stages of the employment process and can imply a number of negative consequences for both young and older people. The goal of this paper is to check the existence of direct age discrimination of older and young workers in the hiring process in the system of science and higher education of the Republic of Croatia. The paper should answer the questions of whether and to what extent respondents have ever personally experienced discrimination in employment by being told or written that they are too young or too old. In order to achieve the said goal, an empirical research was conducted, and employees of two Croatian universities were selected for the research group: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek and the University of Rijeka. Data collection was conducted using an onlinequestionnaire posted on the Google Drive platform between May 29 and June 21, 2017. The list of contacts and e-mail addresses of the respondents were obtained from the official websites of the constituent universities and their Rectors' offices, and a total of 2958 addresses were identified: 1506 at the University of Rijeka and 1452 addresses at the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek. The empirical research results indicated the following: 1. 12.97% of respondents experienced direct age discrimination in the hiring process by being told/informed in writing that they were too young 2. 7.52% of respondents experienced direct age discrimination in the hiring process by being told/informed in writing that they were too old 3. there is a statistically significant difference between respondents with regard to age. Elderly respondents were more likely to experience direct age discrimination by being told/informed in writing that they were too old 4. there is a statistically significant difference between respondents with regard to years of service. Respondents who were told/informed in writing in the hiring process that they were too old on average have more years of work experience (21,05 years) than those who were not told/informed in writing (15, 47 years). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the manner in which the early modern scholarly debate concerning the true age of the world was shaped by philological and text-critical scholarship on the work of the first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus. Traditionally, historians have earmarked the late seventeenth century as a time of uncertainty and crisis for biblical chronologists, as scholars became increasingly aware of corruptions within existing versions of scripture and of the manner in which scriptural chronology was contradicted by pagan sources. I hope to show how, in response to these doubts, scholars during this period also developed a pronounced interest in the chronology – and consequently the textual history – of the first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, whom scholars considered the oldest and therefore best surviving witness to the original state of the biblical text in the time of the Apostles. I have drawn two important conclusions from this development. Firstly, I show that the development of philological and text-critical scholarship on non-biblical texts was a direct result of theological issues relating to biblical authority and chronology. Secondly, I argue that this philological scholarship was key to undermining orthodox faith in the stability and reliability of the biblical text itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) from Mesozoic intermediate-acid magmatic rocks, widely developed along the Fujian coast, are considered to be the results of large-scale crust–mantle interaction by magma mixing. This paper is based on zircon U-Pb chronology, along with zircon Hf isotope and mineral analyses for the host granite and MMEs from Langqi Island, in order to investigate the magma mixing mechanism of the Langqi pluton in Fuzhou, Southeast China. The results indicate that the MMEs were emplaced during the late Early Cretaceous (98.9 ± 2.2 Ma), identical to the age of the granite (100.1 ± 1.1 Ma) within the error range. The zircon εHf(t) values for the granite and MMEs are in the ranges of −2.1~0.0 and −1.7~+1.1. The zircon Hf isotope data indicate that both the granite and MMEs were predominantly derived from the ancient crustal basement of Cathaysia, with a partial mantle-derived contribution. The An values of plagioclase phenocrysts with oscillatory zoning patterns in the MMEs show oscillatory changes from the core to the rim, indicating multiple mixing events between the two magmas with different compositions. Amphiboles in the MMEs show characteristics of crust–mantle contamination, and the Ti migrated from the mafic magma with high concentration to the felsic magma with low concentration during the magma mixing process. Biotites in the host rock and MMEs belong to primary biotite, and they have relatively high MgO contents (ave. 12.78 wt.%) and relatively low FeOT/(MgO + FeOT) ratios (ave. 0.56), showing characteristics of crust–mantle contamination. The crust–mantle magma interaction in a crystal, mushy state played a significant role in controlling the formation and evolution of the Langqi pluton. The magmatism was predominantly sourced from mixing between the mantle-derived mafic magma and the crust-derived felsic magma during the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, resulting in the formation of the Langqi doleritic veins, granites, and MMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mudbrick settlements are a common sight in central Oman and are often attributed to the Yaʿariba and al‐Busaydī periods. They have been the subject of study of different projects in the past, providing a good basis for understanding the settlements. This paper will review how the mudbrick settlements have been studied since the beginning of this century and discuss approaches for future research. A specific focus of this study is the interpretation and analysis of the material culture of the mudbrick settlements. Previous ceramic studies are analysed and this paper aims to refine the ceramic chronology of the Late Islamic period in central Oman. This outcome provides a first comprehensive study on the ceramics of this time period and region. In doing so, one of the goals is to establish a baseline for future studies on this period so that it can provide a reference for other archaeologists who find similar material and settlements, to re(dis)cover subrecent times in Oman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent radiocarbon redating of key sites and events in Huron-Wendat archaeology has shaken dominant accounts of early colonial history. This paper emphasizes the importance of storytelling in archaeology. I consider how refined date estimates for key Huron-Wendat archaeological sites have impacted understandings of conflict, confederacy-formation, and the reception (or not) of early European materials and persons. The paper highlights how this work affects processes of commemoration and collaboration, as well as the importance of shared authority and Huron-Wendat leadership in rewriting contact-era archaeological histories. This project has generated productive new directions for meaningful collaboration between archaeologists and Indigenous researchers and heritage managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community relocation could be voluntary or forced, but such change in the composition of inhabitants can endanger the historic urban context and its cultural significance. So, finding the answer to these questions is crucial: What are the main factors for relocation in historic urban contexts, and are these areas affected differently? This paper presented and discussed the results of a systematic literature review of international English-language publications. Databases such as Scopus, ICOMOS Open Archive, and UNESCO digital library were investigated to reveal the main factors for community relocation in the historic urban contexts. Results revealed a frequent focus in metropolitan regions and major cities worldwide between 1987 and 2021. The multiplicity of non-environmental relocation factors was also noticeable. Despite the commonalities of factors for community relocation worldwide, the type and effect of the relocation differed between the historic urban context and other urban contexts. The interaction of two main factors, namely economics and policies, was found to affect the process of community relocation in the historic urban context the most. Forced relocation was more predominant than voluntary relocation in historic urban contexts. However, the existing relations between internal and external factors that drive relocation must be further investigated. This research identified and charted how the local community relocation in historic urban contexts that are reflected in scholars' publications. It also defined a theoretical framework on the factors of community relocation in these contexts and their interrelation, which is vital for both urban and heritage studies as well as planning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on a detailed analysis of the equipment and stratigraphy of grave 1/94 on Nitra Castle, the present paper presents most recent information about the chronology of the settlement on the Castle Hill. Burying the dead on the hill started with the early medieval settlement in the area (8th/9th c.) and continued until the destruction of the wooden-soil chamber rampart in the second half of the 11th c. Grave 1/94 itself should be dated back to the second half of the 9th c. The density of equipped graves in the north-east part of the hill shows that the area was used primarily for funeral purposes. Graves were found in the area of the Plague Column and in the casemates of the south-eastern bastion. Probably, the area had served as a burial ground before the wooden-soil fortifications around the castle (rampart I) were built in the second half of the 9th c. Funerary customs only changed at the end of the 11th c. when the area by the St. Emmeram’s Church was transformed into a cemetery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lituanistica is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The collections of the Royal Asiatic Society hold an illustrated pilgrimage scroll apparently dating from the first half of the nineteenth century. The scroll's hand painted images relate to the journey that a pious Shiʿi Muslim would have undertaken after the performance of the pilgrimage to Mecca. Its visual narrative continues, first to Medina and then to the Shiʿi sanctuaries in present-day Iraq, concluding in the Iranian city of Mashhad at the sanctuary of the eighth imam of the Twelver-Shiʿi creed, imam Riḍā (d. 818). The scroll was likely prepared in the early nineteenth century and acquired by the Royal Asiatic Society from its unknown previous owner sometime after 1857. In terms of chronology the pilgrimage scroll fits neatly into the period between the Niebuhr scroll, bought in Karbala in 1765, and a lithographed item most likely dating from the latter half of the nineteenth century, both of which depict a corresponding journey. The present essay's initial survey of the scroll's visual dimension, by Ulrich Marzolph, adds hitherto unknown details to the history of similar objects. The concluding report, by Mathilde Renauld, sheds light on the scroll's material condition and the difficulties encountered during the object's conservation and their solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the University of Latvia. History / Latvijas Universitātes Žurnāls. Vēsture is the property of University of Latvia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper focuses on Greek and Latin loanwords in Old Polish language. It attempts to show what has already been done and what still needs to be done in this important issue. Three main aspects are discussed: (1) definitions of the terms loanword, Latinism, Hellenism, and the problem of direct and indirect borrowing; (2) the current state of investigation of Greek and Latin loanwords in Old Polish; (3) the Old Polish Christian terminology - the problem of chronology and borrowing channels of Greek and Latin Christian words to Old Polish. The final part of the paper contains a brief research history i . e . it describes the most important works in chronological order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Umm Tawabin (‘Mother of Bread Ovens’ in Arabic) is a large fortress overlooking the Wadi ‘Arabah and southern Dead Sea in Jordan. From the time of its discovery by a Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) expedition in the late 19th century, Umm Tawabin had not been excavated, nor published extensively in spite of its strategically elevated location with panoramic views on all sides, its monumental fortification and numerous and varied archaeological remains until the Ghor as-Safi Project survey (Ariotti 2017) and excavations (Ariotti 2022; 2021; Politis and Ariotti 2020). The goal of this investigation was to determine the extent, function (or multiple functions) and dating of the site, along with the subsistence practices and diet of its inhabitants based on its topographical, architectural and excavated material culture, botanical and faunal remains (Ariotti 2021, Edwell 2023, Hansen and Heinrich, in press). This paper presents an overview of the chronological development and strategic importance of Umm Tawabin from the Hellenistic to Roman periods in view of its stratigraphic evidence, radiocarbon dates and pottery. It also presents some fragmentary remains dated to the Iron Age II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice cores are invaluable in paleoclimate research, offering unique insights into the evolution of the natural environment, human activities, and Earth's climate system. Methane (CH4) is a crucial greenhouse gas, second only to CO2 in its contribution to global warming, and is one of the primary anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Understanding historical CH4 concentration changes is essential for predicting future trends and informing climate change mitigation strategies. By analyzing gas components trapped in ice core bubbles, we can directly examine the composition of ancient atmospheres. However, there are relatively few comprehensive reviews on ice core CH4 testing techniques, chronology, and concentration history records. In response to this gap, our paper systematically reviews ice core CH4 analytical techniques, chronology, and concentration history changes. Our review indicates that current research on CH4 in non-polar ice cores is insufficient compared to polar ice cores, facing challenges such as high data dispersion, outlier frequency, and the presence of non-atmospheric signals. These limitations hinder our in-depth understanding of CH4 signals in non-polar ice cores, and the reliability of atmospheric CH4 concentration changes they reflect. To address these challenges, we propose exploring and applying advanced testing techniques, such as Continuous Flow Analysis technology, in non-polar ice cores. Additionally, we emphasize the research gap in utilizing CH4 records for age determination in ice core chronology. Future research should focus on this area to advance our understanding of ice core chronology and the history of atmospheric CH4 changes in non-polar regions, ultimately contributing to more effective climate change mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss how the history of our discipline continues to shape how we think with material culture to produce narratives. We argue that recent developments in scientific dating—in combination with New Materialist and Big Data approaches—offer the potential to produce radical new interpretations. However, we can only achieve this if we adopt 'ethically Bayesian' approaches which recognise that some of the most fundamental aspects of our epistemological structures are highly situated, reflecting a Eurocentric, colonial legacy. This legacy is especially important when we study societies that did/do not produce texts—so-called 'prehistoric' societies. We suggest that the revolutionary potential of radiocarbon dating on archaeology has not been fully achieved, precisely because chronometric data have not yet been made sufficiently independent from materials-determined narrative structures. We outline the importance of ethically Bayesian approaches as means to challenge this disciplinary inheritance. We argue that we need to describe the richness and specificity of the pasts we bring into being in ways that take better account of the historical processes through which heterogeneous assemblages emerge, rather than to search for preconfigured entities (like 'the Bronze Age'). Times have changed; we need our approaches to time to catch up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronological age is an imperfect measure of the aging process, which is affected by a wide range of genetic and environmental exposures. Biological age estimates may be derived using mathematical modelling with biomarkers set as predictors and chronological age as the output. The difference between biological and chronological age is denoted the "age gap" and considered a complementary indicator of aging. The utility of the "age gap" metric is assessed through examination of its associations with exposures of interest and the demonstration of additional information provided by this metric over chronological age alone. This paper reviews the key concepts of biological age estimation, the age gap metric, and approaches to assessment of model performance in this context. We further discuss specific challenges for the field, in particular the limited generalisability of effect sizes across studies owing to dependency of the age gap metric on pre-processing and model building methods. The discussion will be centred on brain age estimation, but the concepts are transferable to all biological age estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of how Paul’s visits to Jerusalem noted in Galatians, line up with Luke’s record in Acts, is well known and the debate over this has been going on for a very long time. After exploring a range of papers on this issue that span a century and a half, this paper briefly introduces the reader to Willis J. Beecher, and summarises his thesis. Beecher proposed that the Galatians 1 visit, is the first visit the converted Paul made to Jerusalem, but it is not recorded in the book of Acts. The Galatians 2 visit is then seen to be the visit Luke records in Acts 9. This unique and creative approach to the two documents demands a rethink of the chronology from Paul’s conversion to the first missionary journey. There are also some new questions that arise because of this alignment and the author grapples with these as well. The article concludes with an appeal: it is time to ignore this theory no longer, but rather we should allow it to be seriously considered when the questions arise concerning the way Galatians and Acts inform our understanding of the converted Paul’s early years of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes reflection on the model's place in the definition of the architect's thought. Architectural representation --including the model-- is assumed as an instance where the design thought becomes comprehensible, and not just as a vehicle to communicate that thought. The generative condition of the model is assumed, decidedly, on the acknowledgement of the radical distinction that will always exist between the model and the object it represents. Both the apparent natural proximity between the model and the architectural objects, which is the result of the three-dimensionality and the building dimension that they both share, and the apparent natural concordance between the model and the architect's thought are called into question. Because the aim is to understand 'how' an architect thinks and not 'what' they think when they use a model, the subject is examined from the perspective of a horizon of 'anteriority', an 'anteriority' that is ontological and not merely chronological. The model will be examined as a means of ordering the design thought, that is, as a way of giving it existence. This reflection results from the crossing of previous research on the model and on drawing (Duarte, 2016; Rodeia, 2017). The paper proposes a confrontation of the 'generative power' of the drawing, as identified by Robin Evans (1997b), with the 'generative effect' of the model explored by Peter Eisenman (1981a; 1981b). The principle of 'logical Argumentation', as defined by Groat and Wang (2002), is assumed as the method of inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to give an overview of the current state of research on (contemporaneous) inscriptional evidence for a historical chronology of the 3rd and 4th dynasties, to explore the impact of different modes of interpreting this evidence on radiocarbon dates from Egypt, and to consider possible synchronizations between Egyptian history and the transitions from Early Bronze Age III to IV in the Southern Levant. Therefore, the currently available data are re-evaluated, and a model for a biennial cattle count in the early Old Kingdom is proposed. In order to specify the EB III–IV transition, recent radiocarbon sequences from nine different sites in the Southern Levant are surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society is the property of Serbian Archaeological Society / Srpsko Arheolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article traces and discusses rare evidence that survives for Caracalla’s itinerary through the Balkans in 213 and 214. This period was at the end of the emperor’s bellum Germanicum and his final move to Asia Minor and the East. It was during this time that the emperor first officially announced his intention to wage war against Parthia, and when he began his respective military preparations. Based on recent research, this paper proposes a chronology and an imperial itinerary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gandhara palettes have been studied in the field of Gandharan art, particularly for their connection to the broader school and its cultural trajectories. A complete repository of the palettes is useful for the study of the artefacts and their relation to Gandharan art. The database seeks to produce a new depository for the palettes as well as more ambiguous artefacts which may have fulfilled similar roles. The dataset described in this paper provides other information such as bibliography, material and estimated chronology which allows for statistical analysis or unpacking correlations of types and chronologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues that the unexpected accentuation of the Slavic definite adjectives inflecting according to accent paradigms b and c can be convincingly explained by considering the relative chronology of the rise of the definite adjective and certain changes in the prosody of Slavic. It is supposed that the construction eventually becoming the definite adjective arose at a time when paradigmatic mobility had not yet developed in oxytone o - and ā -stem adjectives and when word-final vowels had not yet been shortened. Endings which were internalized due to the attachment of the enclitic definiteness marker, therefore, preserved their original prosodic features. Later accent retractions such as Dybo's law and Ivšić's law as well as paradigmatic leveling then resulted in the attested accentuation. As an exemplary case, the Slavic definite adjective accentuation is interesting for studying the prosodic development of word forms resulting from univerbation of two originally independent elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the results of a comprehensive study conducted on the northern and western facades of the church of San Nicolò dei Mendicoli in Venice. Historically situated on the outskirts of the city, this building has recently garnered renewed scientific attention. The investigation employed a method developed in previous scholarly research, which combines the stratigraphic analysis of the elevations with mensiochronology, assessment of masonry material and constructive attributes, examination of indirect sources, and comparative analysis with previously published case studies. Consequently, five construction phases dating from the 12th-13th centuries to the 20th century have been identified. The research has achieved a double result: not only was it possible to link each architectural transformation to the church's community history, but it also could become a useful case study for the analysis of other Venetian buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zephyrus is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Medievale: Cultura Materiale, Insediamenti, Territorio is the property of All'Insegna del Giglio s.a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper is dedicated to the research of German names of the casters (Kannengießer, Rotgießer, Gießer, Buchstaben-/Schriftgießer, Rinckenmacher) and also their word-forms in Polish, Ukrainian and Byelorussian as a craftsman name and/or surname. The research on the etymology of German borrowings in the three Slavonic languages is analysed. On the basis of written recollection of German, Polish, Ukrainian and Byelorussian languages of the 14th - 18th centuries, it can be determined which German word-forms of the handicraft names were included into Slavonic languages and what their dialectal origins as well as ways and chronology of borrowings were. Phonetic, morphologic and graphic transformations are also analyzed, and the semantics of Polish rynkmacher and Ukrainian гисеръ/гисаръ is defined more precisely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia is the property of Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Though many historical accounts of Western Imperialism and Colonialism have been written by now, most of these works have tended to focus upon the conquest of territorial space. This paper looks at another, under-studied, dimension of colonial expansionism in Southeast Asia, and will consider how 'time' was also a concern among Western colonialists of the 18th to 20th centuries. It will look at how a distinctly Western understanding of time - as something singular, linear, uni-directional and teleological - was brought to the region by Western colonialists and Orientalists, and how the imposition of this linear understanding of time effectively marginalised and erased local understandings of time, history and chronology among native Southeast Asians themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]