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In this paper, a statistical analysis of the diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation in the TEC longitudinal difference in midlatitudes of East Asia is presented using CODE GIMs data in 2015–2019. Moreover, the empirical neutral wind model HWM-14 and geomagnetic field model IGRF-2020 were employed to analyze the influence of geomagnetic configuration-neutral wind mechanism on the TEC longitudinal difference, and the F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2) data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) were also used to study the role of local electron density in the TEC longitudinal difference. For the high solar activity year, the results show that east-west TEC longitudinal difference index Re/w is negative in the noon and positive at evening-night. Moreover, the longitudinal difference of daytime TEC is most evident in summer, less in autumn and least in spring and winter, while the nighttime difference is most obvious in equinox, followed by summer and winter during nighttime. The model simulation shows that the TEC longitude difference around noon is mainly caused by the zonal wind-declination mechanism, and a 4-h time delay seems to be an optimal result for the vertical drift velocity to cause the longitudinal TEC difference during pre-noon hours. At night, the uplifting electron flux, which is a product of local electron density and vertical drift velocity, shows a good correlation with Re/w, indicating that the local electron density is also an important factor affecting the TEC longitudinal difference during the nighttime. Moreover, there was about a 3-h time delay between the TEC longitudinal variations and the uplifting electron flux at night. For the low solar activity years, the western TEC is greater than eastern TEC during most of the year except in the summer nighttime. The TEC diurnal variation in the east and west suggested that the nighttime Re/w should be related to other physical process, such as the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly (MSNA) in the east and the ionospheric nighttime enhancement (INE). The current study provides evidence for the longitudinal difference of NmF2 in East Asian midlatitudes and geomagnetic configuration-neutral wind mechanism proposed in previous studies and finds some new features which need further studying to improve our current understanding of ionospheric longitudinal difference in the low solar activity years. The results provide new insight into TEC longitudinal variations at midlatitudes, and they can contribute to understanding the ionosphere-thermosphere coupling system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is one of the most important climate systems during boreal winter. It has a large meridional extent and provides a vital bridge between the mid‐to‐high latitudes and the tropics. This paper reviews the latest research on the climate variability of the EAWM, with particular emphasis on the associated processes of extratropical–tropical interaction. Some new results have been achieved in understanding the variation of the EAWM on interdecadal, interannual, and intraseasonal time scales, such as the interdecadal strengthening in the early 21st century, the unstable impact of El Niño–South Oscillation (ENSO) on the EAWM, and the intraseasonal strong cold events in East Asia. In addition, understanding of the extratropical–tropical interactions related to the EAWM has improved in several aspects, including the impacts of the EAWM on ENSO‐related climate effects, and the variation of regional Hadley circulation over the western Pacific and its climate impacts in the Asia–Australia region. Moreover, recent work has systematically evaluated the capacity of climate models to simulate the EAWM, including its climatology, interannual to interdecadal variations, and its relationship with ENSO. Finally, some scientific issues regarding our understanding of the EAWM are proposed for future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the climatology of thunderstorm activity (TA) in the south of the Russian Far East according to data of 34 weather stations and data of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) for 2009–2018, the optimal radii of the circular area of the WWLLN data sample centered at each station were obtained. The optimal radii, at which the correspondence between data of thunderstorm observations and lightning detections at weather stations is maximum, were estimated by two statistical methods based on the calculation of the Threat Score and the difference of days with TA. Taking into account the previously published results, the values of the optimal radii vary from 5 to 39 km and, on average, in the south of the Russian Far East are 23 km. Differences in the estimates of radii for the mainland, coastal, and island (Sakhalin) stations were noted, the average values for which were 25 km, 23 km, and 19.5 km, respectively, as well as for nighttime and daytime. In the south of the Far East as a whole and at the mainland and coastal stations separately, the "nighttime" optimal radii are on average larger than the "daytime" ones, on Sakhalin—on the contrary. The values of optimal radii obtained by two methods were used to estimate the average annual number of lightning WWLLN days for each weather station, which were compared with the average annual number of thunderstorm days based on human observations. It was found that the difference between them at all stations was within ±6 days/year and up to 1.3 days/year, the root mean square deviations were 2.4 days/year and 0.4 days/year for the first and second methods, respectively. It is shown that the WWLLN data reflect the main features of the intra-annual TA variation according to weather station data, and also make it possible to identify individual thunderstorms during TA variation at a diurnal scale, including those not noted in the reports of weather stations, and mesoscale structures formed by cumulus clouds in the spatial distribution of lightning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive model assessment on a 6-hourly scale from multiple dimensions is critical for model selection of dynamic downscaling to reduce uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 13 models involved in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-6 (CMIP6) by comparing the simulated meteorological variables at the pressure levels of 850, 500, and 250 hPa, including 6-hourly air temperature, specific humidity, zonal wind, meridional wind, and geopotential height, to those from the ERA5 reanalysis data for the 1979–2014 period. The results indicated that the CMIP6 models could mostly reproduce the spatial pattern of the climatology. Most models underestimated air temperature and geopotential height while overestimating specific humidity and zonal and meridional wind speeds in the upper troposphere. Additionally, the interannual variability of zonal and meridional wind exhibited a relatively better performance but limited ability for specific humidity at 850 hPa. Regarding the annual and diurnal cycles, CMIP6 models reasonably captured the annual cycle shape, while an overestimation was detected in simulating the diurnal amplitude, notably at 250 hPa. Based on a comprehensive rating index and overall rankings, our findings showed that no single model was identified as suitable for the simulation of any variables and regions. The models performed well for five variables, including MPI-ESM1-2-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, TaiESM1, and UKESM1-0-LL, over East Asia. Then, according to the overall performance of the five variables and model accessibility, the optimal model varied by region and shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenario. The multi-model ensemble mean outperformed individual models over almost all regions when it comes to comprehensive performance. The MPI-ESM1-2-LR and MRI-ESM2-0 models were the best two out of 13 models as lateral boundary conditions applied to seven climate scenarios over East Asia. This study provides valuable scientific references for selecting the optimal CMIP6 models for the projection of dynamic downscaling over East Asia and eight subregions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EASWJ) is one of the most crucial subtropical circulation systems affecting the precipitation over East Asia. Based on the ERA5 dataset, the dominant modes of the intraseasonal variability of the EASWJ in early (May and June) and late (July and August) summer are investigated, respectively, through the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The EOF1 in early summer is characterized by the anomalous westerlies centered over the North China and anomalous easterlies centered over the south of Japan. This mode is led by the south-eastward propagating wave train initiating from the Barents Sea, where the ridge of the wave train coincides with an anomalous warm advection in the low level, due to the negative phase of Arctic Dipole (AD). Since lag − 4 days, the East Asia/Western Ruassia (EAWR) teleconnection contributes to the wave trains. The EOF1 in late summer is characterized by the anomalous westerlies centered over the south of Baikal and anomalous easterlies centered over the Central China, which is affected by the two wave trains along different directions. One wave train propagate zonally across Eurasia initiated from North Atlantic, where significant signal of East Atlantic (EA) teleconnection is found as a precursor. When the wave train disperses downstream to Eurasia, the EAWR play a dominant role on the growth and persistence of the EASWJ variability. The other one is similar to the East Asia–Pacific (EAP) teleconnection propagating poleward from the Southern Asia and Western North Pacific, where the active convection anomalies may be a key driver. The intraseasonal wave trains that influence the EASWJ are different between early and late summer probably due to the discrepancies of background status, such as the background temperature gradient and the curviness of the jet climatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using multisource sea ice fusion data, the spatiotemporal characteristics of sea ice cover were analyzed for the marginal seas of East Asia for the period 2005–2021. The results show that there were obvious differences in the beginning and end dates of the sea ice in the different sea areas. The northern Sea of Japan had the longest ice period, and Laizhou Bay and Bohai Bay in the Bohai Sea had the shortest ice period. The time when the largest sea ice extent appeared was relatively stable and mostly concentrated in late January to mid-February. There were obvious spatial differences in the duration of the sea ice cover in the marginal seas of East Asia. The duration of the sea ice cover gradually decreased from high latitude to low latitude and from nearshore to open seas. The annual average duration of the sea ice cover was more than 100 days in most of the Sea of Japan and approximately 20 days in most of Laizhou Bay and Bohai Bay. The melting speed was significantly faster than the freezing speed in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, resulting in asymmetric changes in the daily sea ice extent in the two seas. The increasing trends in the maximum sea ice extent and total sea ice extent were 0.912 × 105 km2/10 yr and 0.722 × 107 km2/10 yr, respectively, from 2005 to 2013, both of which passed the significance test at the 0.05 level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the 18 realizations of three state-of-the-art climate models participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), this paper examines the changes in climatology and trends of winter diurnal temperature range (DTR) over East Asia in response to natural and anthropogenic forcings. In the observation, the climatology of DTR during 1979–2014 displays a horizontal tile from southwest to northeast over East Asia. In addition, the observed DTR also presents an obviously declining trend in recent decades, with the magnitude of roughly −0.10 °C decade−1. The historical all-forcing simulations well reproduce the geographical distributions and magnitude of climatology and trends of winter DTR over East Asia in 1979–2014. Furthermore, the winter DTR exhibits a continuous declining trend from the historical scenario to the future SSP245 scenario over East Asia, with the most significant declining during the first half of twenty-first century (i.e., 2021–2060). Based on the individual forcing experiments, it suggests that the greenhouse gases forcing plays a primary role in driving the climatology and trends of DTR over East Asia, especially for the SSP245 scenario. Further analysis indicates that the increasing precipitation under greenhouse gases forcing largely explain the declining DTR trends over East Asia, especially over the northern East Asia both in historical and SSP245 scenarios. • The observed decreasing DTR trends are reasonably captured in the all-forcing historical simulations in CMIP6 models. • The greenhouse gas forcing plays a primary role in driving the declining DTR trends over East Asia • The declining of DTR is partly attributed to the increasing precipitation over East Asia in the greenhouse gas forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have projected an increase in future summer precipitation across East Asia (EA). This study investigates the relative contributions of thermodynamic and dynamic components to future precipitation changes in three key sub-regions of EA where the maximum centers of the historical precipitation are located (the tropical region, East China, and the Japan and Korea sector), and analyzes the causes of the changes in thermodynamic and dynamic components. Outputs from 30 climate models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are used. From these, the five best-performing models for historical summer precipitation climatology for EA are selected. The future summer precipitations in the three sub-regions over the near- to mid-term (2020–2069) and the long-term (2070–2095) are then examined using the multi-model ensemble mean of the five models selected (MMM05). The projections were driven by four combined scenarios of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and forcing levels of the Representative Concentration Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The results show that long-term precipitations under SSP5-8.5 are greater than those under the other scenarios across all sub-regions. After the 2070s under SSP5-8.5, a marked precipitation intensification is identified in all three sub-regions, but with different rates of increase. The projected precipitation increase is primarily attributed to the thermodynamic component, while the dynamic component related to circulation changes is relatively weak. Further analysis indicates that the pattern of the thermodynamic component in the three sub-regions is dominated by the climatological upward motion, mediated by an increase in moisture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerosol vertical distribution generally determines their health impacts and climate effects. By using long‐term (2007–2019) CALIPSO lidar measurements, we present a large‐scale insight into the climatology of aerosol types and their vertical structure over East Asia. Despite the low sampling frequency, comparison with MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) shows that the integrated CAIPSO vertical extinction can reasonably reproduce spatial patterns of the aerosol loading. With the unique advantage of active detection, CALIPSO reveals an obvious enhancement of the night‐time AOD due to worse diffusion conditions. Moreover, long‐range transport of different aerosols including dust, polluted dust, and smoke has substantial contribution to the aerosol loading over East Asia. Pure dust particles are mainly concentrated over the deserts with notable dust transport belts (dust AOD > 0.2 at 532 nm) along downwind regions during winter and spring. By contrast, polluted dust is prevalent over the downstream eastern China with much higher AODs throughout the year. In particular, AOD of polluted dust (~0.5) is higher in winter rather than in spring, which is consistent with their seasonal occurrences. Smoke aerosols usually appear in the night‐time over southern China. The top heights of aerosols are around 4–6 km, with dust and smoke having higher extinction at upstream regions. The climatology of these aerosol types and vertical distribution can provide a significant constraint for associated studies of air quality and climate effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of hydroclimate in East Asia during the Pliocene—a potential analog of the future greenhouse climate—remains highly uncertain. Here we reconstruct changes in the hydroclimate of Northern China during this epoch. Our results reveal previously undocumented severe drought conditions that persisted through the early Pliocene with a significantly greater magnitude than suggested by other records. Using a broad hierarchy of climate simulations, we find that reduction in the Pacific meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient has particularly strong impacts on precipitation over Northern China, which suggests its key role in maintaining drought conditions during the early Pliocene. The weaker Pacific meridional SST gradient causes the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation over this region via a reduction of atmospheric northward moisture transport from the ocean, which enhances aridity inland. Our results highlight the fundamental control of the tropical ocean on the extra‐tropical hydrological cycle. Plain Language Summary: Understanding East Asian rainfall changes with global warming is an important issue of climate sciences. The Pliocene epoch provides a potential analog to the future greenhouse climate. Here, for the first time we reconstruct high‐resolution aridity changes over the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) in northern East Asia during the Pliocene. Our results indicate persistent drought conditions over CLP during the early Pliocene. Analyzing a broad range of climate model simulations, we find that the reduced meridional sea surface temperature gradient is a critical factor in the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon over Northern China and in maintaining drought conditions during the early Pliocene relative to the late Pliocene. Our results expand the Asian inland paleoclimate records during the Pliocene, providing new information on past Asian monsoon precipitation variations during the warm Pliocene with potential implications for future hydroclimate changes under greenhouse warming in East Asia. Key Points: Severe drought conditions persisted throughout the early Pliocene epoch over Northern ChinaWe link these conditions to the reduced meridional temperature gradient in the Pacific OceanThe reduced Pacific meridional temperature gradient acts to weaken the summer East Asian monsoon precipitation over Northern China [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increases in total and extreme precipitation have been investigated worldwide using limited spatiotemporal data based on surface observations and satellite remote sensing during recent decades. However, it remains unclear whether rain gauge daily precipitation records also show a significant increase in global precipitation. In this study, we first apply the transformed version of the penalized maximum F test ("transPMFred") to homogenize daily precipitation (P) records from 10,629 stations around the world during 1960–2016 from a dataset (GHCN‐CMA) that combines the daily precipitation data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN‐Daily) dataset and the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), and then utilize the homogenized data to study the frequency of daily precipitation on a global scale. The results indicate that precipitation frequency exhibited significant increasing trends from 1960 to 2016 across most of the globe, except for East Asia. Moreover, the variability of global precipitation frequency was more pronounced in wet regions than dry regions, especially in North America, Europe and East Asia based multiple daily precipitation datasets. The regional average frequency for moderate (30th < P ≤ 60th percentile), heavy (60th < P ≤ 90th percentile) and very heavy (P > 90th percentile) precipitation increased in North America and Europe. Changes in precipitation frequency decreased for light (P ≤ 30th percentile) and moderate precipitation but increased for heavy and very heavy precipitation, which mainly occurs in dry regions of Australia. Moreover, precipitation frequency in wet and dry regions of East Asia showed opposite trends, with a decrease in wet regions and an increase in dry regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Asia is one of the most important sources of mineral saline dust worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of Central Asian dust transport is essential for evaluating its impacts on human health, ecological safety, weather and climate. This study first puts forward an observation-based climatology of Central Asian dust transport flux by using the 3-D dust detection of Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). The seasonal difference of transport flux and downstream contribution are evaluated and compared with those of the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Central Asian dust can be transported not only southward in summer under the effect of the South Asian summer monsoon, but also eastward in other seasons under the control of the westerly jet. Additionally, the transport of Central Asian dust across the Pamir Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau is also non-negligible, especially during spring (with a transport flux rate of 150 kg m−1 day−1). The annual CALIOP-based downstream contribution of Central Asian dust to South Asian (164.01 Tg) is 2.1 times that to East Asia (78.36 Tg). This can be attributed to the blocking effect of the higher terrain between Central and East Asia. Additionally, the downstream contributions to South and East Asia from MERRA-2 are only 0.36 and 0.84 times that of CALIOP, respectively. This difference implies the overestimation of the wet and dry depositions of the model, especially in the low latitude zone. The quantification of the Central Asian dust transport allows a better understanding of the Central Asian dust cycle, and supports the calibration/validation of aerosol-related modules of regional and global climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatology and variability of anticyclonic (AC-type) and cyclonic (C-type) wave breaking in the region of the subtropical jet stream are investigated using the previously developed method for identifying and clustering Rossby wave breaking events. Potential vorticity at an isentropic surface of 350 K from the ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses are used. The results of applying the methods for the two reanalyses are similar. However, there is a high inconsistency for cyclonic wave breaking events, especially in summer. The maximum for both types of wave breaking is registered in summer. There are two main maximum areas for the AC type: Atlantic and Pacific. A specific feature of the C type is the climatic maximum in East Asia, probably due to the summer development of the East Asian monsoon. The intensity of the AC-type wave breaking for the entire Northern Hemisphere during the year demonstrates a positive trend. Seasonal changes of the AC type were also consistent for the two reanalyses, global changes are less consistent for cyclonic wave breakings, and significant trends are basically absent. The regional analysis revealed that the frequency of AC-type wave breaking in summer decreases over the Eastern Atlantic and increases over Europe. The agreed and possibly related changes in the AC and C types are recorded in the Asia-Pacific. In summer, there is a decrease in the C-type occurrence over East Asia and an increase in the AC-type occurrence over the Eastern Pacific. However, these changes were found only for the ERA-Interim and require further analysis and interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporospatial distribution and trends of thunderstorm, hail, gale, and heavy precipitation events over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) as well as the associated mechanisms with observational data from 1979 to 2016 are investigated, which have not been fully studied under a changing climate. The results indicate that thunderstorm, hail, and gale events over the whole TP show significant decreasing trends, while heavy precipitation events have an insignificant increasing trend. The southeast and central south subregions have obvious significant decreasing trends in thunderstorm, hail, and gale events, while the northeast subregion has a significant increasing trend in heavy precipitation events. It is found that the atmospheric circulation anomaly caused by the northwestern Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) should be responsible for these changes. A strong wave train triggered by the northwestern Atlantic SST anomaly propagates from the northern Atlantic to East Asia through Europe, and induces a more upper-level warming over the TP and an anomalous anticyclonic circulation near the Lake Baikal, resulting in a more stable atmosphere and blocking effect, which forces the midlatitude westerlies and associated cold air to shift poleward. The weakened cold-air advection over the TP decreases the baroclinic instability and convection initiation, and finally causes the significant decreasing trends in severe weather events. On the other hand, the enhanced easterly winds in the southern flank of the anticyclonic circulation can significantly increase the water vapor flux from the eastern boundary of the TP and heavy precipitation events in the northeast subregion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seasonal prediction skills in the CAMS-CSM (the acronym stands for the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Climate System Model) climate forecast system is evaluated with a set of retrospective forecast experiments during the period of 1981–2019. The CAMS-CSM, which has been registered for the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6), is an atmosphere–ocean–land–sea ice fully coupled general circulation model. The assimilation scheme used in the forecast system is the 3-dimentional nudging, including both the atmospheric and oceanic components. The analyses mainly focus on the seasonal predictable skill of sea surface temperature, 2-m air temperature, and precipitation anomalies. The analyses revealed that the model shows a good prediction skill for the SST anomalies, especially in the tropical Pacific, in association with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) score for ENSO can reach 0.75 at 6-month lead time. Furthermore, the extreme warm/cold Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events are successfully predicted at 3- and even 6-month lead times. The whole ACC of IOD events between the observation and the prediction can reach 0.51 at 2-month lead time. There are reliable seasonal prediction skills for 2-m air temperature anomalies over most of the Northern Hemisphere, where the correlation is mainly above 0.4 at 2-month lead time, especially over the East Asia, North America and South America. However, the seasonal prediction for precipitation still faces a big challenge. The source of precipitation predictability over the East Asia can be partly related to strong ENSO events. Additionally, the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WPAC) which connects the ENSO events and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) can be well predicted at 6-month lead time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the precipitation over East Asia simulated by the variable resolution CAM‐MPAS featuring the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) atmospheric dynamical core coupled with the physics parameterizations of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5.4. Two CAM‐MPAS experiments, one with a global quasi‐uniform resolution mesh of 120 km (MPAS‐UR) and the other with a variable resolution mesh of 30–120 km refined over East Asia (MPAS‐VR), are conducted from 1989 to 2005 following the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project protocol. Two regional climate model simulations at ∼25 km resolution from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment East Asia second plan are also analyzed for comparison. Results show that CAM‐MPAS performs better than the selected regional models in simulating the precipitation climatology over East Asia. Compared with MPAS‐UR, MPAS‐VR with refinement over East Asia better simulates the precipitation over and around the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the upper‐level circulation, the precipitation frequency and intensity in various regions of China, and the interannual precipitation pattern associated with the East Asian summer monsoon. Both decreased grid spacing and the use of finer‐scale terrain information contribute to the improvements in MPAS‐VR relative to MPAS‐UR. However, decreased grid spacing is more essential for simulating the precipitation magnitude over TP and the location of peak precipitation south of TP, likely due to the better resolved physical and dynamical processes associated with orographic precipitation. The 30–120 km CAM‐MPAS model is shown to be a promising tool for precipitation simulation over East Asia. Plain Language Summary: Precipitation and associated cloud and radiation processes can affect the energy budgets and water supply over land and thus the livelihoods of billions of people over East Asia. However, traditional low‐resolution global climate models still have difficulty in realistically simulating the mean‐state and variability of precipitation over East Asia, partly due to their insufficient resolution to resolve the complex terrain and associated synoptic‐scale systems. In this work, we perform model experiments using the Community Atmosphere Model coupled with the atmospheric dynamical core from the Model for Prediction Across Scales with a variable resolution mesh to assess the impact of regional refinement on the precipitation simulation over East Asia. Experiment with higher resolution (30 vs. 120 km) over East Asia better simulates the total precipitation amount over and around the Tibetan Plateau (TP), as well as precipitation frequency, intensity, and interannual variability associated with the East Asian summer monsoon. The finer grid spacing is found to contribute more to the improvements in areas adjacent to TP than the use of finer terrain information, likely due to better resolved physical and dynamical processes associated with orographic precipitation. Key Points: The precipitation climatology over East Asia can be reasonably reproduced by a global climate model CAM‐MPASRegional refinement over East Asia improves the precipitation simulation over East Asia in various aspectsFiner grid spacing is more essential for precipitation simulation around large‐scale terrain than using finer‐scale terrain information [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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