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The identification of built environment elements in neighborhoods that have significant impacts on obesity is the basis for scientifically preventing obesity and related chronic diseases, as well as formulating and implementing spatial intervention policies. In recent years, studies on the relationship between neighborhood built environment and obesity and related behaviors have increased rapidly in China with preliminary progresses. This paper systematically reviews the empirical research on the impacts of neighborhood built environment on obesity and related behaviors which was done in China from 2011 to 2021 and selects 44 papers to extract, summarize, and quantitatively synthesize the research results by using the meta-analysis method and through the weighted Z-test. The meta-analysis shows that, according to their significance, the measured built environment elements in neighborhoods that have significant impacts on obesity and related behaviors are ranked in a descending order as accessibilitydensity of physical activity facilities, accessibility-density of bus stops/transit stations, street connectivity--crossing density, and mixed land use rate--destination amount. Meanwhile, the elements of residential density--population density, accessibility-distance to bus stops/transit stations, and accessibility-distance to physical activity facilities do not show remarkable statistic difference. This implies that community planning should highlight the measures of increasing land use for sports facilities and green spaces, improving public transport system, optimizing road network, and strengthening mixed land use to build healthy communities that can facilitate the prevention of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important examinations in China, the National College Entrance Examination (commonly known as the Gaokao, hereafter denoted Gaokao) has a long history and has attracted attention from the Chinese educational community, among others. This study focused on mathematics test items of the Gaokao from the perspective of mathematical culture and examined the national papers (drafted by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China) of tests from 1978 to 2021 in order to investigate the content and time variation characteristics of mathematics test items reflecting mathematical culture since its restoration. A mathematical culture categorization conceptual framework was established based on previous studies and was applied to test item analysis. Mathematical culture in test items was classified using four categories: Historical Topics, Interdisciplinary Connections, Social Roles, and Aesthetics & Recreation. These were used for data coding and analysis. The results showed that mathematical culture in the mathematics test items of the Gaokao over a 44-year period, in terms of content categories, was diverse but uneven in distribution, with greater focus on demonstrating the social roles of mathematics and less on the historical development of mathematical knowledge. Moreover, the average number of items with mathematical culture during this period was small and fluctuated over time. The content of topics related to social context and technology also changed over time with the distinct characteristics of the times and changes in society. This study provides empirical evidence on how mathematical culture is integrated into test items and how they have changed over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a special branch of global trade, the trade of agricultural products has an important impact on food security and the environment. In this paper, we studied international trade network of agricultural products from 2000 to 2016 as a whole and in part. We explored the overall characteristics of the network, analyzed the evolution of communities and identified core countries of the communities. The results show that the structure of the trade network became increasingly complex and the trade relations became closer over time. There were four major communities in the network, whose primary core countries were Germany, the United States, Brazil, and China. Since 2007, the community represented by China has disappeared, and the community pattern of the network has been in a three-pillar state and basically stable. We discuss the actual roles of certain trading countries, the formation of communities and the impact of economic events on agricultural products trade. This paper reveals the underlying patterns of the agricultural products trade and provides a way to track its evolution over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently the Chinese government has been actively collaborating with nonprofit nongovernmental organizations to provide social welfare services to older adults at the community level. The role played by NGOs in facilitating governance has only recently gained attention in the literature on Chinese NGOs and urban governance. Addressing this gap, the paper advances geographers' understanding of State–NGO collaborations in facilitating urban governance in the Chinese context using fieldwork in Beijing and Shanghai on the provision of community eldercare services as an example. It also explains the political control of these NGOs and their changing role in the eldercare market. We argue that collaborations between the state and NGOs in China have gradually transferred eldercare services to the NGOs, and led to a fragmented welfare system, which, as a consequence, has facilitated entrepreneurial urban governance. The paper sheds light on community-based organizations, their collaboration with local governments, and how they have become not only welfare providers but a significant site for social control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has been promoting the renovation of old residential communities vigorously. Due to the financial pressure of the government and the sustainability of the renovation of old residential communities, public-private partnerships (PPP) have already gained attention. The selection of social capital is key to improving the efficiency of the PPP model in renovating old residential communities. In order to determine the influencing factors of social capital selection in the renovation of old residential communities, this paper aims to find an effective approach and analyze these factors. In this paper, a fuzzy decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory (fuzzy-DEMATEL) technique is extended and amore suitable systemis developed for the selection of social capital using the existing group decisionmaking theory. In the first stage, grounded theory is used to extract the unabridged key influencing factors for social capital selection in the renovation of old residential communities. Secondly, by considering the impact of expert weights, the key influencing factors are identified. The interactions within these influencing factors are discussed and the credibility of the results is verified by sensitivity analysis. Finally, these key influencing factors are sorted by importance. Based on the results, the government should focus on a technical level, organizationalmanagement abilities, corporate reputation, credit status, etc. This study provides the government with a theoretical basis and a methodology for evaluating social capital selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Challenges from the urban–rural disparity immensely burden the world's progress fulfilling Sustainable Development Goals and the goals' central promise, particularly for developing countries experiencing rapid structural change and urbanization. A knowledge gap lies between the epistemology of urban–rural disparity and the practice of integrated urban-rural development. This paper aims to provide a new approach to bridge the knowledge gap based on the recent Chinese experience. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative research reviewed major economic and multidisciplinary studies regarding urban-rural development and the growth-equality tradeoff. Chinese experience is employed to showcase concrete challenges from the urban–rural disparity and how the proposed approach works for urban-rural integration. Findings: Theoretical and practical approaches with urban bias largely fail to counter the challenges. Building on China's recent practice probing beyond urban bias, IFPRI (2019) proposes the term rurbanomics with a highlight of equalized urban-rural economic partnership, whereafter Zhou and Chen (2021) enrich the term into a conceptual framework. This paper further improves rurbanomics as a new viable approach to integrated urban-rural development under the overarching goal of common prosperity. The approach prioritizes driving forces in the economic, demographic, eco-environmental, social institutional and technological aspects for the policy community to leverage. Long-term mechanisms are decerned to link urban-rural integration to common prosperity. Practical implications: China has leveraged ingredients of the rurbanomics approach in the political deployment to integrated urban-rural development. However, the application of this approach is yet to be adapted with local heterogeneities and live up to application's potential. Long-term mechanisms recommended by the rurbanomics approach will need to be carried out. Future improvements will need substantial theoretical extension and micro-level empirical studies. Originality/value: This paper streamlines the epistemological shreds regarding pursuits, challenges, global experiences and theoretical approaches of urban-rural development. The paper also develops rurbanomics to navigate urban-rural integration, Sustainable Development Goals and common prosperity. By decerning long-term mechanisms in the Chinese case accordingly, this paper provides clues for other economies to employ the new approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan and China, through CPEC, have uplifted decade's old and time-tested bondage to the zenith of economic cooperation on a win-win basis. In the Chinese equation, BRI (CPEC -- an integral part of BRI) is an initiative for the economic integration of the global community in the 21st century. In contrast, the US endeavours to ensure the implementation of international order at sea through its Indo-Pacific strategy. Considerable academic work has been undertaken distinctly on the US Indo-Pacific strategy and BRI (CPEC); however, scanty academic efforts have been made on future power realignment in South Asia. By employing Mahan's theory of sea power, this paper explains the future maritime scenario in South Asia, which will evolve due to the power contestation of global players in the Indian Ocean and the formulation of two distinct power blocks with the US and China as leading players. It also answers how Indian Ocean littorals will align themselves in this great powers' contestation. An in-depth understanding of the economic interests of Indian Ocean littorals through BRI and gaining benefits through a strategic partnership with the US will provide insight into future power realignment in South Asia. The paper concludes that China will likely formulate collaborative maritime security arrangements with BRI partners who will become Chinese allies to secure energy requirements. Likewise, India, Japan, South Korea and the US (under QUAD) will endeavour to impede China's economic progress, forming a power block in the Indian Ocean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the economy promotes the increasing of interactions between cities and forms complex networks. Many scholars have explored the structural characteristics of urban spatial interaction networks in China and have conducted spatio-temporal analyzes. However, scholars have mainly focused on the perspective of static networks and have not understood the dynamic spatial interaction patterns of Chinese cities. Therefore, this paper proposes a research framework to explore the urban dynamic spatial interaction patterns. Firstly, we establish a dynamic urban spatial interaction network according to monthly migration data. Then, the dynamic community detection algorithm, combined with the Louvain and Jaccard matching method, is used to obtain urban communities and their dynamic events. We construct event vectors for each urban community and use hierarchical clustering to cluster event vectors to obtain different types of spatial interaction patterns. Finally, we divide the urban dynamic interaction into three urban spatial interaction modes: fixed spatial interaction pattern, long-term spatial interaction pattern, and short-term spatial interaction pattern. According to the results, we find that the cities in well-developed areas (eastern China) and under-developed areas (northwestern China) mostly show fixed spatial interaction patterns and long-term spatial interaction patterns, while the cities in moderately developed areas (central and western China) often show short-term spatial interaction patterns. The research results and conclusions of this paper reveal the inter-monthly urban spatial interaction patterns in China, provide theoretical support for the policy making and development planning of urban agglomeration construction, and contribute to the coordinated development of national and regional cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social media affordances, specifically social engagement and social endorsement, on knowledge contribution in online Q&A communities. Building on self-determination theory, this research seeks to tackle the issue of under-provision of knowledge in these communities. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a sample collected from a popular social Q&A community in China and uses linear panel data models along with multiple robustness checks to test the research model. Findings: The findings reveal that both social engagement and social endorsement have a positive effect on users' knowledge contribution to the online Q&A community. However, the impact of social engagement is mitigated by social endorsement. Originality/value: This paper makes a valuable contribution to the field by filling the research gap on the role of social engagement behaviors and their interaction with social endorsement in online Q&A communities. The results provide insights into how social media affordances can be leveraged to enhance knowledge contribution in these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the finite-volume community ocean model (FVCOM) coupled with the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) in a wave–current–sediment model to simulate the tidal current field, wave field, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) field in the sea area near Weifang Port, China. The three-dimensional water-and-sediment model was modified by introducing a sediment-settling-velocity formula that considers the effect of gradation. Next, the SSCs calculated by the original and modified models were compared with the measured data. The SSCs calculated by the modified model were closer to the measured data, as evidenced by the smaller mean relative error and root-mean-square error. The results show that the modified coupled wave–current–sediment model can reasonably describe the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment movement in the sea area near Weifang Port, and the nearshore SSCs calculated by the modified model were higher than those calculated by the original model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming, white pollution, ecological degradation and other environmental and resource issues have become the focus of attention in all areas of society today, and sustainable development is no longer a slogan. Design practitioners are committed to developing new visions and approaches. The application of materials is an important part of realising a circular economy. Sugar cane is the world's number one sugar crop and the second largest bioenergy crop, while bagasse is one of the most produced agricultural wastes in the world. This study is located in the hometown of brown sugar in China - Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province. The research objective is to develop the design and application of bagasse fibre composites in the brown sugar industry of Yiwu using waste bagasse materials as a starting point. The aim is to use design to drive the circular flow of waste resources, extend the economic chain of the brown sugar industry, and help build a local ecological civilisation and sustainable economic development. The researcher used theoretical framework, qualitative research and data analysis as research methods. In this study, the theoretical framework of sustainable development of the brown sugar industry in Yiwu is proposed, and the circular path diagram of the brown sugar industry ecological park. With theory guiding practice, and successfully developed bagasse paper material and bagasse bioplastic material and applied them in the field of lamps and brown sugar product packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of health has gained importance in today's society in the context of a healthy China. The success of community environmental design is intimately correlated with everyone's physical and mental health since it is the setting for people's daily lives. At present, although the facilities and equipment of the community environment in our country are improving day by day, the important role of color psychology in the community environment has been neglected. Color has always been a part of human life and a very important component of the community environment. When it comes to the design of communal environments, the color design of various areas will have variable degrees of influence on the psychological space and perspective of individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the application value of color psychology in the design of community health environments using color psychology as a scientific foundation. Additionally, the paper attempts to use color psychology as a scientific basis to study the thinking of health issues in the community environment. In addition, the results of the questionnaire survey are used to perform analysis and discussion in order to investigate the regular characteristics of the various research objects, as well as their preferences and psychological needs for color. This is done with the goal of providing empirical support for the improvement of the community environment and the health of the people living in it. In the end, the results of the questionnaire survey are compiled with four different design concepts. These design principles include functionality, naturalness, beauty, and safety. And the design intention and optimization strategy from the three directions the overall building, planting, and paving in the community healthy environment are then presented. This is done in order to create a colorful and comfortable healthy environment for the community life of people and to support the development of people's physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the counted power system emission factors of North China Power Grid, a community carbon emissions sample database is constructed. The support vector regression (SVR) model is trained to forecast the power carbon emissions, which is optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). A community carbon emission warning system is designed according the results. The dynamic emission coefficient curve of the power system is obtained by fitting the annual carbon emission coefficients. The time series SVR carbon emission prediction model is constructed, while the GA is improved to optimize its parameters. Taking Beijing Caochang Community as an example, a carbon emission sample database is generated based on the electricity consumption and emission coefficient curve to train and test the SVR model. The results show that the GA–SVR model fits well with the training set and the testing set, and the prediction accuracy of the testing set reaches 86%. In view of the training model in this paper, the carbon emission trend of community electricity consumption in the next month is predicted. The carbon emission warning system of the community is designed, and the specific strategy of community carbon emission reduction is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the practice of COVID-19 prevention and control in China, the home quarantine policy directly connects and manages the residents, which plays a significant role in preventing the spread of the epi-demic in the community. We evaluate the effectiveness of current home quarantine policy in the actual execution process based on the evolutionary game relationship between the community and res-idents. This paper establishes a double-layer coupled complex network game model, and uses the multi-agent modeling method to study the game relationship between the community and residents in the context of home quarantine policies. The results show that initial strategy of the community with strict supervision and reasonable government reward allocation will increase the proportion of the residents complying with the quarantine rule. When 80% of the communities chose to supervise strictly at the beginning, people are more likely to follow the rules. While when the residents can only get 20% of the government's reward, the proportion of choosing to violate the quarantine rules is much higher than that when they can get 80% of the reward. Besides, the structure of small-world network and environmental noise will also affect the residents' strategy. As the probability of reconnection of the small-world network rises from 0.2 to 0.8, the proportion of residents who choose to comply with the strategy becomes much higher. When the environmental noise reaches 0.5, the ratio of residents who choose to violate the strategy is higher than the ratio of complianc. The study is helpful to provide the basis for the government to formulate the quarantine policy and propose an optimization for making effective quarantine measures. In this way, the government can adjust the parameters to make residents achieve the possible level of compliance with quarantine policies as high as possible to contain the spread of the epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes agricultural pathways and the impacts of land requisition from dam construction in a Catholic community in Tibetan Southwest China. Cizhong Village is unique for its Catholic religion and unique agroecology of growing paddy rice and grapes for household winemaking, one of the very few ethnic Tibetan communities to do so. This unique agriculture is due to the community being located at the boundary between two larger culinary/agricultural spheres, rice boiling, and wheat grinding peoples. The situation has changed with a construction of a large dam, which caused another community to be moved on top of the village's paddy fields. In the context of this issue on food politics, the paper also highlights the ways in which new global forces related to infrastructure (dam building), are disabling unique interfacing forms of self-sufficient food production, leading to emotional responses among rural farming communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the formation of monastic networks in Tang Dynasty (618–907) China, focusing primarily on the Buddhist traditions of Tiantai, Chan and Vinaya, which have yet to be explored as a series of related regional movements. Central to this effort is a dataset that documents over 2000 interactions between some 700 actors that were extracted from stelae inscriptions, monastic biographical collections, historical accounts, letters, and poems. The network data show two clear patterns in the organization of regional Buddhist communities: (1) individual actors bridged cliques of monastics and officials; (2) both monastics and officials contributed to network activities. To illustrate these two patterns, this paper focuses on the ego-network of Fayun 法雲 (?–766), a prominent Vinaya leader based in Jiangsu region, as an example of the formation and evolution of regional Buddhist communities in southern China. Degree centrality indicates that Fayun was one of the central figures in the southern Buddhist landscape of the early eighth century. By tracing his heterogeneous ties with prominent state officials, local authorities, and monastics affiliated with the Tiantai, Chan, and Vinaya traditions, this study outlines general patterns in the formation and legitimization of regional Buddhist communities in Tang China. All three traditions are revealed as intersecting social formations that were sustained through shared ties with local and nationally prominent bureaucrats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of stock planning, the renovation of old residential communities has become an important part of urban development in China. However, the renovation planning is difficult to implement. The paper points out three main factors that affect the implementation of old residential community renovation under the current system: complex property right structure, multiple stakeholders, and lack of funds. Based on the concept of Low Impact Development, and with minimizing the impact as the goal, the paper proposes a new mode for the renovation of old residential communities: through an analysis on property rights and interest game in old residential communities, and according to cost estimation, priority should be given to renovating the public elements that neither involve property rights or core interests nor require too many funds, including public space, roads, supporting facilities, etc., with community management to be properly improved. In the end, with the renovation of Quanyechang Community of Wuhan City as an example, the paper concludes that this renovation mode can not only meet the urgent needs for renovation, but is also easy to implement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote residents' waste separation behavior, waste separation supervision has been a crucial need. This paper aims to explore the supervision mechanism of residents' waste separation behavior using a tripartite evolutionary game model. The evolutionary stability conditions of resident, property service enterprise, and the government were analyzed. The influences of the main parameters on the strategy of three stakeholders were explored through numerical simulation. The results show that the regulatory mechanism of waste separation will reach the optimal stable strategy when the following conditions are satisfied: (1) the penalty for nonclassification is higher than the difference between classification cost and the total benefit of classification; (2) the subsidy to property services enterprise is greater than the total cost of positive participation management. Residents' behaviors are mainly influenced by rewards and punishments. The behavioral strategies of property service companies are more sensitive to subsidies than penalties. In the early stage of mandatory waste separation, it is important to reduce the cost of residents' separation, develop the publics' environmental awareness, and increase the willingness of properties to participate in management. This paper presents a new perspective and theoretical guidelines for the local government and communities to supervise residents' waste separation behaviors in China and other developing countries and offers useful insights into waste separation management for other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban agglomeration is an essential spatial support for the urbanization strategies of emerging economies, including China, especially in the era of mediatization. From a hybrid space perspective, this paper invites TikTok cross-city check-in records to empirically investigate the vertical and flattened distribution characteristics of check-in networks of China's three major urban agglomerations by the hierarchical property, community scale, and node centrality. The result shows that (1) average check-in flow in the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and Pearl River Delta network decreases in descending order, forming a Z-shaped, single-point radial, and N-shaped structure, respectively. (2) All three urban agglomerations exhibit a nexus community structure with the regional high-flow cities as the core and the surrounding cities as the coordinator. (3) Geographically proximate or recreation-resource cities have a high degree of hybrid spatial accessibility, highlighting their nexus role. Finally, the article further discusses the flattened evolutionary structure of the check-in network and proposes policy recommendations for optimizing check-in networks at both the digital and geospatial levels. The study gains from the lack of network relationship perspective in the study of location-based social media and provides a novel research method and theoretical support for urban agglomeration integration in the context of urban mediatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the aging of China's population continues to deepen, a number of elderly care facilities relying on community platforms to provide home care services have been established in urban communities, effectively alleviating the problem of difficult community elderly care, while a spatial mismatch between the facilities and the elderly population has also emerged. To solve this problem, this paper analyzes the equity in walking access to community home care facilities for elderly people with different mobility abilities in Lianhu District of Xi'an City, taking the resources of community home care facilities as the research object. Firstly, the coverage rate of the facilities was calculated based on the 15-minute walking range of the elderly with different mobility, and the accessibility of the facilities was measured using the Kernel Density-type two-step moving search method. Then, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and location entropy were used to analyze the spatial matching pattern of facilities and elderly population. The results show that there is a serious spatial mismatch between the resources of community home care facilities and the elderly population with mobility restriction. In addition, the available facility area per capita is low for more than 80% of the elderly with mobility restriction, and the road network density has a significant impact on the access of the elderly with mobility restriction to the community home care facility resources. These research results indicate that the spatial layout and configuration of community home care facilities are unfair to the elderly with poor mobility, and that these elderly care facility configurations do not favor the disadvantaged groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal domestic waste (MDW) management is essential to maintain ecological security. Waste classification is seen as a solution to the urban waste dilemma. However, very few residents in China are currently involved in waste classification. Based on the public goods theory and the hypothesis of rational behavior, with the aid of GIS, this paper develops a multi-agent model to simulate the features and evolution of residents' waste classification behavior in the context of community. By comparing the percentage of those who participate in waste classification in different scenarios, various factors that may influence residents' waste classification behavior are analyzed. The simulation results show that the improvement of convenience facilities and the promotion of awareness-raising activities help enhancing residents' waste classification behavior. An increase in rewards and penalties by the government will promote residents' waste classification behavior, though this promotion is not significant. Adherent enforcers can provide a continuous incentive for residential waste classification behavior. This study provides evidence for the government and communities to develop waste classification policies and motivate residents to participate in waste classification. Implications: Municipal waste seriously restricts the survival and development of cities, and waste disposal has become a problem that plagues government managers in various countries. Waste classification is considered to be an effective way to solve the municipal waste dilemma, but currently China faces the dilemma of low residents' participation in waste classification. Through multi-agent modeling, the interaction and decision-making of urban residents in the process of waste classification are simulated, and introduce GIS to truly restore the daily classification scenes of residents. Explore the dynamic evolution of urban residents' classification behavior and the change of residents' waste classification rate under different situations to find more effective ways to improve the participation rate of residents in waste classification and give targeted and practical countermeasure suggestions. It provides decision-making reference for the formulation of governmental waste classification policies and the design of community behavior programs, and to contribute to the sustainable development of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban-scale green spaces have been a central topic as of late, but community-scale green spaces are overlooked in urban studies. This paper takes community green spaces in the main urban area of Beijing as the case to quantitatively interpret the spatial-temporal patterns of their service efficiency and distribution characteristics. The measurement section of the paper includes two parts: the first part compares the applicability of two major green space service efficiency measurement methods on the community scale and determines that the Shortest Time Distance method performs better in describing the spatial-temporal patterns of service efficiency. The second part applies the Time Distance Entropy method to initially identify the locational relationship between community green spaces and neighboring residential buildings, then proposes the Green Space Distribution Coefficient method based on this relationship to analyze the 'courtyard', 'mixed', and 'centralized' distribution types alongside the transition relationships between them, and the spatial-temporal patterns of distribution characteristics are measured. The results of service efficiency reveal that the community paradigms transform from 'humanistic-oriented' to 'benefit-oriented' as the Shortest Time Distance measurement values show an ascending trend with the passage of years and the outward expansion of the ring roads. The results of distribution characteristics reveal that the community residential culture transforms from 'closeness' to 'detachment' as Green Space Distribution Coefficient measurement values show a descending trend under the same conditions. Based on the measurements, this paper further provides several optimizing strategies for community green spaces in the central urban area of Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gulangyu Island is a special case of social development and changes since modern China. In the past, Chinese and foreign people lived together and Chinese and Western cultures coexisted, resulting in an international community with outstanding cultural diversity and modern quality of life. As a functional carrier, space is of great reference significance to the research on the spatial evolution path of the Gulangyu international community with the accelerating globalization and rapid expansion of urbanization. Based on the interpretation of historical maps and the integration of historical geographic information, this paper explores the evolution path of Gulangyu community space in modern times from the perspective of actor-network theory. It is found that: (1) The change of key actors promotes the spatial evolution of the Gulangyu international community. (2) In the stage of foreign culture dissemination (1840–1902), foreign nationals, as key actors, promoted the formation and development of actor-networks through administrative recruitment and other means, and promoted Gulangyu Island to change from a traditional Minnan community to a modern community form, with the embryonic form of an international community beginning to emerge. (3) In the stage of multicultural integration (1903–1940), overseas Chinese returning home became key actors. The concept of a combination of Western cultures was not only embodied in community management but also acted on space practice to promote the multicultural integration of the Gulangyu international community. This paper summarizes the effects of various factors on the evolution of community space, to provide a reference for other coastal cities to rationally develop islands and promote the multicultural integration of local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Understanding the frontier difference between building information modeling (BIM) research and practice is a top priority to guarantee the engineering significance and feasibility of academic achievements, yet such research gap has not been well-explored. The purpose of this paper is to provide an objective and accurate analysis of BIM knowledge using 551 published BIM-related papers and 68 documents of frontier BIM projects in China. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopts the mixed method, combining the bibliometrics method with the qualitative method. Bibliometrics was used to analyze 551 BIM-related literatures from China with Citespace 5.0. Qualitative research was used to analyze 68 project documents from China with Nvivo. Finally, the analysis results are compared to obtain the final conclusion. Findings: The analysis results of the collected BIM-related papers, given by bibliometrics analysis, show that the subject categories of engineering, civil engineering, and construction and building technology, and 8 key research clusters are extremely important for development of BIM knowledge. The analysis results of the collected project documents, given by qualitative analysis, indicate that visualization, aided management, intelligent construction, simulation and analysis are the hot applications of BIM practice. Originality/value: Through comparison, certain research gaps between the research and practice community in China was identified, which are useful for identification of research trends and practice frontier in BIM community. This study offers useful and new insights to summarize the status quo of BIM and can be used as a reference to integrate future BIM developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts the method of the random matrix to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of the management of macroeconomic multivariate statistics and regionalization, and to design its management strategy based on a random matrix. A combination of theoretical and applied research, combined with the experience of other cities, is used to study regional economic management using literature analysis, comparative analysis, and deductive induction by summarizing the results achieved in community management, studying its experience, exploring the significance of community management in ETDZs for social development, analyzing the current obstacles and contradictions affecting community management in Suqian ETDZ, and proposing relevant countermeasures for the problems arising therein to enrich the relevant theories and thus promote the level of community management in ETDZs to a higher level. Macroeconomic uncertainty refers to the changes that cannot be accurately observed, analyzed, and foreseen, i.e., the deviation of the expected value of the economy from the actual value. Not all macroeconomic fluctuations belong to the category of macroeconomic uncertainty, only unpredictable economic fluctuations are uncertain. It can be seen from the above that there is a corresponding relationship between the financial income correlation matrix and the random correlation matrix, and both are affected by the same random factors. The importance of uncertainty for macroeconomic policy making is undeniable, and its quantification is a key step. In this paper, we propose an econometric model to eliminate expectations and compare the advantages and disadvantages of different measurement models; we measure a system of fourteen macroeconomic indicators to reflect macroeconomic uncertainty and provide quantitative measurement results for the correct understanding of macroeconomic uncertainty and economic policy making. Factor analysis is used to analyze these six comprehensive aspects to obtain the six-dimensional comprehensive scores of each province and city, and the scores are normalized and visualized. Based on a certain understanding of the economic equilibrium structure of each province and city in China, and a certain control of the overall development of each region itself at this stage, the future economic development trend is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, in order to improve the quality of living, China has carried out a series of urban renewal projects, such as adding elevators to old communities. Taking Hangzhou as an example, this paper studies the decision to install elevators in old residential buildings. This study used cold spots and hot spots, local autocorrelation and fishnetting analysis to show the spatial and temporal patterns of lift retrofitting in old communities. Finally, the spatial lag model is used to test whether there is a spatial spillover effect in the behavior of residents installing elevators. The research shows that: (1) Hot spots areas for retrofitting lifts are clustered in the central urban areas of Hangzhou, such as the intersection of Shangcheng District, Xiacheng District, Jianggan District, Gongshu District and Xihu District (scenic area); (2) The trend of retrofitting areas spreading from the center to the periphery; (3) In different communities, the number of elevators added in neighboring communities has a positive effect on the decision of adding elevators in other local communities. Therefore, the neighborhood effect cannot be ignored in the topic of community renovation, in which residents spontaneously participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revealing the performance of farmland conservation policies that use different types of policy instruments can provide a basis for optimizing such policies. Based on farmers' perceptions of farmland conservation policies, this paper conducted an empirical analysis using data on 986 rural households which were collected from seven towns/districts in three provinces of China. More specifically, this paper first uses propensity score matching to analyze the impact of the comprehensive application of economic incentive and command-and-control policy instruments on farmland conservation. Then, it explores the differences between the effects of local economic incentive farmland conservation policies (FCP-LE) that employed different policy instruments. Finally, the factors affecting farmers' perceptions of FCP-LE performance were identified. The results show that the combination of economic incentives and command-and-control policy instruments significantly improved the performance of farmland conservation policies. Furthermore, after comparing FCP-LE with payments to rural communities in the form of monetary compensation only, it is evident that a combination of FCP-LE with payments to farmers and integrated monetary compensation and social security subsidies yields better farmland conservation. Additionally, there are differences between the factors affecting farmers' perceptions of FCP-LE performance in different areas. Our findings aim to help encourage more areas to develop diversified local incentive policies in order to conserve farmland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While emotional transmission is a well‐documented phenomenon, the contagion of happiness, specifically as a positive emotion, has received limited research attention. This study utilizes data from the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS2015) to analyse the effects of happiness contagion among different individual groups in urban communities. Findings indicate that individuals with positive personalities and social attitudes are more susceptible to happiness contagion. Regarding personal and job attributes, the elderly, the highly educated, the married, or people who are religious, have high incomes, work in non‐state‐owned enterprises, or work flexibly tend to receive more happiness from their neighbours. Moreover, residents living in economically developed areas exhibit a greater receptivity to happiness contagion. The paper discusses policy implications of the results. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on migrant parents' decision to either bring children to the cities (family reunification) or leave them behind in China. We develop a framework to understand this decision, which takes into account child characteristics, characteristics of migrant parents and characteristics of migrant‐receiving communities. Our research design allows us to conduct comparison of rural‐origin children and urban‐origin children. The rural–urban differences are reflected in lowered probability of bringing children to cities, more hurdles for housing and access to public school education for rural migrant parents and their children. For rural‐origin school‐age children, gender inequality is persistent, that is, girls of school age are less likely to be brought to cities than boys. Finally, a piece of promising news is that migrant parents with more social interactions with local residents are more likely to bring children to destinations. The results suggest that years after China's official policy of 'no extra fees' for migrant children in urban public schools, migrant children, especially from rural areas, continue to face a variety of challenges in moving to cities and having access to local urban public schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regeneration of old residential communities in China is one of the most important tasks in urban renewal. In recent years, distinctive models and pathways have emerged in the emerging practice of participatory community regeneration, all of which can be seen as applications of collaborative governance theory at the community level. Collaborative governance is considered an effective way to achieve multiple goals in urban regeneration, but there has been relatively little research on collaborative governance in small-scale regeneration projects. This paper summarizes three nuanced pathways in the collaborative governance model through case studies, which are led by different initiators, resulting in collaborative models, rights dynamics, and implementation pathways that are applicable to different scenarios, effectively resolving community conflicts and producing sustainable practical results. This study compares how the three models achieve their respective objectives in participatory regeneration projects by coordinating the different stakeholder participation processes. These three models complement and extend international experience and will provide a vivid Chinese example for other developing countries around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite economic development and social changes, folk religion in China has not died out, but has survived and has even experienced a revival. Oscillating state policies have in general had a strong impact on religion in China. Though there is no official recognition of ethnic folk-religions, the state classifies them positively as manifestations of local cultural heritage and in this context has supported—not stifled—public folk religious practices among the Tu. This study deals with folk religious' practice among the Tu ethnic group in Northwest China. The article highlights animist ontology as a theoretical perspective for analyzing the religious practices of the Tu ethnic group in China. The authors carried out anthropological procedures of participant observation and interviewing in the Tu community distributed in Qinghai Province and now present a portrait of the folk religion in typical Tu communities located in Minhe County and Huzhu County. The article also discusses the tripartite cosmology of the Tu and the positive interactions with national authorities. Quite apart from the issue of the impact of the state, the authors document, via prolonged ethnographic immersion in two regions, that the folk religion of the Tu is also closely linked to, and continues to have an impact on, daily life, particularly with regard to the construction and maintenance of ethnic community structure. This paper is organized as follows. First, we present ethnographic information on the religious beliefs and ritual practices of the Tu. The subsequent section then discusses how public folk-religious performances receive support from the state in the context of tourism and local economic development and how they contribute to the maintenance of community structure and social order. The conclusion summarizes the process by which ethnic folk religions have not only survived, but, in part as a result of state support for ethnic cultural heritage, experienced a revival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China entered an aging society in 1999 based on the United Nations' definition that an aging society is one where the population aged sixty and above accounts for more than 10 percent of the total population. Accordingly, community-based home care for older people has become a social trend and the main policy orientation of the urban elderly care service system. How to meet older people's needs for living and caring services in urban residential areas is a major challenge for China to conduct urban redevelopment. This paper analyzes the supply-demand match of age-friendly public service facilities in communities based on the daily needs for public service facilities and the living circle characteristics of older people. Then it conducts an empirical study on typical residential communities in Suzhou and puts forward a hierarchical allocation strategy and improvement suggestions for age-friendly public service facilities in the self-sufficient community living circle, the near neighborhood living circle, and the urban expansion living circle. In addition, it proposes measures for improving the allocation of public service facilities in case communities in Suzhou through urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is word meaning established, and how do individuals acquire it? What ensures the uniform understanding of word meaning in a linguistic community? In this paper I draw from cultural attraction theory and use folk biology as an example domain and address these questions by treating meaning acquisition as an inferential process. I show that significant variation exists in how individuals understand the meaning of inclusive biological labels such as "plant" and "animal" due to variation in their salience in contemporary ethnic minority groups in southwest China, and I present historical textual evidence that the meaning of inclusive terms is often unstable but can be sustained by such cultural institutions as religion and education, which provide situations in which the meaning of linguistic labels can be unambiguously inferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of intangible heritage is to preserve diversity for the sustainable development of culture, which allows its creators and stakeholders to reflect the evolution of cultural characteristics and identity for any given communities, or group of individuals. However, the safeguarding and interpretation of intangible heritage has faced challenges in practical performance, especially when representing local voices or in achieving inclusivity in negotiations related to identification, documentation, dissemination and tourism development. This paper traces the form and symbolic framework of Hu Brush at different historical stages; discusses two cultural spaces, government-led physical space and community-led ritual space, where Hu Brush performs. We highlight how the different community-based actors understand the intangible heritage policies, and argue that living wisdom, as a theoretical framework, provides the opportunity to explore local knowledge, practice and wisdom. These factors are relevant to the production-distribution-consumption-symbolisation of Hu Brush in the contemporary socio-historical context. The paper also portrays the complexity of contesting, negotiating and appropriation in heritage space and in discourse among different actors. As an alternative approach, living wisdom in intangible heritage is helpful to reveal how multiple powers and discourses contest, negotiate, and appropriate the complicated cultural space shaped by intangible heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographic accessibility plays a key role in health care inequality but remains insufficiently investigated in China, primarily due to the lack of accurate, broad-coverage data on supply and demand. In this paper, we employ an innovative approach to local supply-and-demand conditions to (1) reveal the status quo of the distribution of health care provision and (2) examine whether individual households from communities with different housing prices can acquire equal and adequate quality health care services within and across 361 cities in China. Our findings support previous conclusions that quality hospitals are concentrated in cities with high administrative rankings and developmental levels. However, after accounting for the population size an "accessible" hospital serves, we discern "pro-poor" inequality in accessibility to care (denoted as GAPSD) and that GAPSD decreases along with increases in administrative rankings of cities and in community ratings. This paper is significant for both research and policy-making. Our approach successfully reveals an "unexpected" pattern of health care inequality that has not been reported before, and our findings provide a nationwide, detailed benchmark that facilitates the assessment of health and urban policies, as well as associated policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the 5-five-minute high-frequency data of energy-listed companies in China's A-share market to extract the jump of energy stock prices and build a dynamic stock price jump complex network. Then, we analyze the clustering effect of the complex network. The research shows that the energy stock price jump is an important part of stock price volatility, and the complex network of energy stock jump risk has obvious time-varying characteristics. However, the infection problem of stock price jump risks needs specific analysis. China's coal industry has an important influence on the development of China's energy industry. According to the clustering analysis results of the network community, the clustering effect of the network community has time-varying characteristics. After October 2017, the clustering effect of the jumping risk of the coal industry and the new energy industry is obvious. The risk contagion within the new energy industry community is a key point for the development of the new energy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 is China's long-term climate change strategy for the 21st century in accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement. Achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality have caused a profound change in the society, which not only requires energy conservation and carbon emission reduction of all walks of life, but also profoundly affects people's lifestyles. In the current carbon emission reduction research, low-carbon lifestyle tends to focus on the relationship between human behavior and energy conservation. This paper starts from a new perspective, low-carbon lifestyle and health, focuses on the community fitness activity environment in the construction of complete residential communities, seizes the combination of physical-medical therapy national policy, improves people's health on the basis of advocating fitness activities and reducing medical travel, closely links low-carbon, health and community construction and endows the low-carbon community with a health function. Studies have shown that regular exercise can effectively prevent and manage many urban chronic diseases. By carefully selecting the prevalent chronic diseases and population disability adjustment years, this paper presents the characteristics of chronic diseases in major China provinces. Taking into account popular fitness activities, this paper innovatively puts forward the 'urban chronic disease community physical activity management model'. At the same time, it proposes the community fitness and activity infrastructure design and builds strategies to manage urban chronic diseases. At the end of the article, it gives an actual project case of fitness and activity environment and puts forward the suggestion of establishing 'living laboratory for community fitness and activity' as the test bed to collect big data for follow-up study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the study of protected areas, the "Fences & fines" approach is increasingly becoming acknowledged as obsolete and ineffectual, and there is mounting evidence suggesting that the "Community-based conservation" approach is acquiring consideration. It is significant to identify which protection model or factors perform a definitive part in China. Taking the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve in China as a survey site, this paper utilizes semi-structured interviews and random questionnaires surveyed 431 households to investigate the relationship between "community-based conservation" approaches such aslegal system, ecological compensation, environmental education, community participation, concessions, livelihoods, job provision, intrinsic motivation and pro-environmental behavior. The regression results declare that intrinsic motivation (β = 0.390) and legal system (β = 0.212) are the most effective factors impacting on pro-environmental behavior; concessions has a negative conflict on preservation;but other "community-based conservation" approaches had insignificant positive impacts on pro-environmental behavior. Further mediating effects analysis indicated that intrinsic motivation (B = 0.3899, t = 11.9694, p < 0.01) mediates between legal system and pro-environmental behavior of community residents, legal system promotes pro-environmental behavior by promoting intrinsic motivation, which is more effective than legal system promoting pro-environmental behavior directly. This demonstrates that "Fence and fine approach" still is an effective management tool which can shape community residents' positive attitude towards conservation and pro-environmental behavior especially protected areas with large communities. And appropriate "community-based conservation" approaches can mitigate conflicts between special groups with the combination of these two approaches, the management of protected areas can be successful. This supplies a valuable real-world case for the current debate on conservation and improved human livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government protected areas are the most dominant governance type in the global network of protected areas, but in recent years, a lack of research compared to indigenous and private nongovernment protected areas has become evident. Consequently, community-inclusive conservation strategies consistent with the advantages of government protected areas are unclarified. Focusing on 49 households living at the Mount Huangshan World Natural Heritage Site in eastern China, this paper uses qualitative research triangulation to explain the causality between community exclusion and local distrust of the protected area and builds an explanation concerning the political and economic context. The questionnaire data analysed from the configuration perspective were corroborated with interviews and archival data, presenting innovative and enlightening findings. Lack of participation alone does not elicit local protests against biohabitat conservation, and government performance determines the trustworthiness of the government protected area. When local households are unaware of the government's efforts, a "trust paradox" in which the households that receive economic gains distrust government PAs emerges. This is caused by the social expectations of the "responsible government" and the survivorship bias of the households who manage to succeed in profiting. Induced or mandatory community participation is needed to strengthen the indigenous perception of the link between local development and government performance. This paper proposes a new strategy for socioecological goals that is consistent with the advantages of government protected areas, the most globally dominant governance type for protected areas and the type employed by the largest number of countries. • Underparticipation alone does not elicit local protest against biohabitat conservation of government PA. • Good government performance is a sufficient condition for the trustworthiness of government PA. • The "trust paradox" in which the benefited households distrust PA is due to the social expectation and survivorship bias. • Induced or mandatory participation generates trust in PA if community is broadly consulted on economic and social areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a vivid practice of urban-rural interaction, empowerment is playing an increasingly salient role in rural revitalization around the world. Yet, existing studies on empowerment practices are still insufficient. This paper examines how empowerment practices affect the economic development of rural communities in China. This study constructs an integrated variable to measure the practice of rural empowerment in China. Data for this study were obtained from the community data of the China Rural Household Panel Survey (CRHPS) in 2017 to empirically verify the impact of empowerment practices on the rural collective economy. The results indicate that empowerment practice has a significant role in promoting the economic development of rural communities. Regarding the heterogeneity of the number of leaders, the fewer rural community leaders there are, the less empowered a village will be. For the heterogeneity of the income of the rural collective economy, the higher the income is, the more significant the promoting effect of empowerment on rural communities will be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of resilience and sustainability are becoming popular in disaster planning and management. However, there is an absence of mutual considerations of the two concepts from an integrated perspective to promote post-disaster livelihood, particularly in the relocated rural communities. To fill the research gap, this paper explores the factors and relationships of resilient rural livelihoods (RRL) and sustainable rural livelihoods (SRL) in resettlement communities after a major disaster. Specifically, we construct a theoretical model that integrates resources, strategies, and outcomes of RRL and SRL in the recovery phase. We use a dataset for household-level recovery after the Jiangsu Tornado (2016) in China to validate the theoretical model with a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Results show that government-driven, recovery-concentrated policies of "resilience" may not promote the long-term sustainability of rural household livelihoods because financial capital and institutional participation are negatively associated with the community's self-reliance for future disaster recovery. The tangible assets are likely to make people more confident in disaster preparedness, while the intangible assets lack such an impact and even make the relocated households concerned about future disasters. For RRL outcomes, financial capital and socio-political capital can enhance the recovery, while human capital and livelihood strategies have negative effects. In addition, natural capital and financial capital positively affect household recovery, but the human capital remains a negative contributor. These findings clearly reveal the general patterns of rural livelihoods in relocated communities after a disaster and provide insights into potential measures to promote sustainable and resilient rural livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How migrants' behaviour shapes their intention to settle in their destination (settlement intention) has rarely been examined. This paper pays special attention to the role of the reference-group effect, captured by subjective economic status, in shaping migrants' intention to settle in urban China. We found that both sending communities and receiving communities contribute to the reference-group effect on settlement intention. Compared with their relatives, friends, and colleagues in their hometowns and destinations, migrants with a higher subjective economic status have a stronger intention to settle. A 1-unit increase in the relative position of a migrant's subjective economic status in the sending or receiving community contributes to a 19.6 per cent or 19.4 per cent increase in the possibility of a migrant's intention to settle. Additionally, cultural assimilation, social participation, and identification mediate the relationship between subjective economic status in the reference group and settlement intention. We also found that objective economic status in the destination increases subjective economic status in the reference group in the hometown and destination. Both objective and subjective economic status affect migrants' settlement intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to discuss how transnational universities create negative and positive social impacts on their host communities and what this means for campus sustainability and the expectation that universities contribute to sustainable development and to their local communities. Design/methodology/approach: Using mixed methods, a multiple case study approach and qualitative meta-analysis, this study considers six transnational university campuses in China in terms of their relationship with local communities. Findings: Because of the good reputation of universities generally, local residents tended to accord a social licence to operate (i.e. approval) to new university campuses. However, universities generally do not manage their social impacts, as well as many other industries and generally fail to consider the corporate social responsibility issues and the environmental, social and governance aspects of their activities. To improve their social licence to operate and grow and to meet expectations around "university social responsibility", campus developments should observe key international principles and human rights standards: full disclosure of information; effective community engagement; appropriate resettlement and livelihood restoration; effective harm reduction procedures; provision of local benefits (benefit sharing); monitoring and adaptive management and implement a grievance redress mechanism. Originality/value: This paper encourages broader thinking about sustainability in a higher education context and about what university social responsibility entails. Specifically, this study argues that the relationship between universities and their host communities also needs to be considered, especially during campus construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the CEPII-BACI database and China Customs database from 2000 to 2011, this paper combines the degree of export experience of enterprises with their own trade network to study the differential effects of accumulated export experience on the dynamic evolution of enterprises' overseas market network structure and further explores it from the perspective of community and neighbors. The results of this study show the following. (1) The location choice of Chinese enterprises' overseas market depends significantly on the structure of export network constructed in the past and tends to choose regions with closer geographical and economic ties as export target countries. There is a significant path dependence effect. However, enterprises with rich export experience are no longer subject to the constraints of geographical space and will make the overseas market layout more "decentralized." (2) The decision making of export market location depends on the community distribution of export network. The path-dependent effect of export market layout in the export network community is significantly greater than that outside the community and tends to choose the intra-community region for overseas market layout. (3) The export network of adjacent enterprises has a significant impact on the location of enterprises' overseas market. However, enterprises with rich export experience are less dependent on the geographic network expansion effect of their neighbors and tend to choose markets with close economic links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the People's Republic of China's diaspora as a tool of foreign policy from its founding (Mao's era) to the present (Jinping's era). China's diaspora policy evolved from time to time, showing the changing migration pattern and reflecting favorable global conditions. Chinese diaspora has become an instrument of China's domestic policy and foreign policy agenda since Kuomintang to the Communist government era. One of China's domestic agenda is the need to attract foreign investment -primarily through diaspora community. In the foreign policy field, there has been a significant continuity in its foreign policy objectives related to its diaspora policy. To strengthen its global ambition, China implemented "new diplomacy," aiming to change how its neighbors view their ambition with the help of their diaspora communities. Thus, the estimated 50 million Chinese diasporas have become important assets in connecting China to the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]