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The quality of a specialized translation depends to a great extent on the treatment of multiword terms (MWTs). Since MWTs are not always adequately described or even included in most terminological resources, translators and terminologists must find other ways to deal with them. One method involves the analysis of parallel texts. Traditionally, parallel texts have been a valuable resource for terminology extraction and knowledge acquisition. They can be compiled as comparable corpora (i.e. collections of texts originally written in the source and target languages). Nevertheless, even though comparable corpora can facilitate translation, many translators are often unfamiliar with corpus query techniques. This paper describes a method that identifies Spanish equivalents of English MWTs in corpora, and also provides translators and terminologists with a set of manual corpus query techniques that help to effectively translate MWTs. The comparable corpus compiled was composed of original English and Spanish texts on wind energy generation. The method proposed is based on distributional semantics and was used to identify and compare contextual elements of the concepts in both languages. The results of our study showed that this procedure simplifies and contributes to the accurate identification of MWT translation equivalents in corpora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies contexts of probability in Egyptian primary and lower-secondary school textbooks and how the students prioritize them. Through preliminary general inductive analysis, it was apparent that the implemented curriculum of probability, represented by the students' textbooks, emphasized the conventional activities that require calculations and are suitable for employing theoretical probability. On the other hand, students highlighted environmental circumstances, such as weather forecasts, as the most practical context for the probability concept. In that sense, there is a need to refine the textbook activities so that they match students' viewpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Japanese Journal of Educational Research / Kyoikugaku Kenkyu is the property of Japanese Educational Research Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Policymakers and employers insist that educational institutions prepare workforce-ready candidates fluent in the application of 21st Century Skills such as creativity. So far, only a few studies have explored the self-perceived creativity of students. This paper addresses this gap in literature by providing an understanding of how young students in upper primary feel about themselves as creative beings. Data for the present study was collected through an anonymous online survey that 561 students, aged 9–11 years and residing in Malta (EU), completed. In-depth responses were collected from a subset of the original sample made up of 101 students through an anonymous online form containing a set of questions. Data was analysed using regression analysis for the quantitative component and through thematic analysis for the qualitative part. Results indicate that, overall, students in Year 6 felt less creative than students in Year 5. Furthermore, findings show that the type of school attended impacted the students' perception of creativity. From a qualitative perspective, findings led to insights into (i) the interpretation of the term creativity and (ii) the impact of the school environment and how timetabling impacted students' creativity. The findings suggest that the student's perceived creative personal identity and the concrete manifestations that they engage in are influenced by environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process mining analyzes events that are logged during the execution of a process, with the aim of gathering useful information and knowledge. Process discovery algorithms derive process models that represent these processes. The level of abstraction at which the process model is represented is reflected in the granularity of the event log. When a process is captured by the usage of sensor systems, process activities are recorded at the sensor-level in the form of sensor readings, and are therefore too fine-grained and non-explanatory. To increase the understandability of the process model, events need to be abstracted into higher-level activities that provide a more meaningful representation of the process. The abstraction becomes more relevant and challenging when the process involves human behavior, as the flexible nature of human actions can make it harder to identify and abstract meaningful activities. This paper proposes CvAMoS, a trace-based approach for event abstraction, which focuses on identifying motifs while taking context into account. A motif is a recurring sequence of events that represents an activity that took place under specific circumstances depicted by the context. Context information is logged in the event log in the form of environmental sensor readings (e.g., the temperature and light sensors). The presented algorithm uses a distance function to deal with the variability in the execution of activities. The result is a set of meaningful and interpretable motifs. The algorithm has been tested on both synthetic and real datasets, and compared to the state of the art. CvAMoS is implemented as a Java application and the code is freely available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity of IoT (Internet of Things) technology, more and more engineering systems are integrated with context-aware functionalities. It is self-evident that functional analysis is a critical process for successful development of such context-aware systems (CASs). Since existing functional analysis approaches are primarily for developing traditional engineering systems, this paper aims at developing a structured approach for assisting engineers in carrying out functional analysis of CASs. Based on the concept of context from an interactive perspective, this research analyzes what constitutes the context of a CAS and its basic features. Then a structured approach for functional analysis is proposed, which systematically elaborates how to define and analyze the context of a CAS, how to identify functionalities from the context, and how to develop the functional structure of a CAS. A case study of the functional analysis of a self-service checkout system is employed to demonstrate the proposed approach, which shows that the proposed approach can help designers carry out functional analysis of CASs in an effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of implementation research, it is widely recognised that ‘context matters.’ Attempts to implement innovations, research and new knowledge into practice invariably meet contextual challenges at multiple levels during the process of implementation. The paper by Squires and colleagues provides a detailed insight into the many different features and attributes of context. Yet, as this commentary argues, there are significant challenges ahead if we are to apply our growing understanding about context to improve the practice of implementation in everyday healthcare. This will require attention to the practicalities of working with context to achieve successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the ways of creating an image in a literary text. Different stylistic means are described, classified and categorized in order to show the variety of the possibilities of the image creation. The author highlights the most widely spread means of creating an image and shows why they are more widely used. The conditions of the author's choice of the means of expressiveness are also touched upon in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are pivotal to any efforts to raise the devastatingly low levels of foundational learning that persist across much of the Global South. However, in many education systems, teachers are not equipped with the resources needed for effecting such change. Moreover, numerous reforms have failed to change either children's learning levels or the teacher norms that inadvertently contribute to low learning levels. Moving beyond these circumstances requires an understanding of the factors underlying such norms and of how these factors affect opportunities for changing teacher norms. I examine this question by analyzing the transcripts of interviews with 14 pairs of interlocutors from various contexts who have complementary expertise related to teacher norms. Based on this analysis, I develop a conceptual framework for mapping the factors that sustain teacher norms onto four domains of teachers' experiences: selves ("what I value"), situations ("what can be done"), standards ("what those in charge expect"), and society (broader influences). Different configurations of underlying factors can yield different types of norms: coherent norms, compromise norms, and contestation norms. Drawing on the interviews, I illustrate coherence, compromise, and contestation by discussing examples of teaching narrowly to certain standards and being absent from the classroom during scheduled lessons. Each type of norm offers distinct opportunities for changing the status quo by influencing particular aspects of teachers' selves, situations, and standards. Additionally, one broader opportunity for change is reshaping societal narratives about education and the teaching profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine-grained entity typing assigns fine-grained types to entities in the text, which can provide entities with rich semantic information through type information, and plays important roles in downstream tasks such as relation extraction, entity linking, and question answering systems. Since the length and position of entities in sentences are not uniform, the representation of entities in context can not be calculated. Existing fine-grained entity typing models process entity mentions and their contexts separately into individual feature representations, which separates the semantic relationship between them. This paper proposes a context-aware feature representation method in fine-grained entity typing, which places entities back into their contexts and solves the problem of computing entity feature representation when the entity length and position are not uniform. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can extract the feature representation of entities in their contexts, and significantly improve the performance of fine-grained entity typing. The Macro-F1 value of this method on the Chinese finegrained entity classification dataset CFET is improved by more than 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic counseling (GC) traditionally follows a non‐directive counseling approach. Although a cornerstone of GC teaching and theory, there has been debate on whether GC is, can be, or should be a patient‐led service due to challenges in practice, as well as the advancement and complexity of genetic testing. Personal risk perceptions and patient expectations within particular contexts may further affect how genetic counselors discuss risk information, even while attempting to remain neutral. Less is known about the process of GC communication in non‐Western settings. This paper presents empirical evidence from a South African prenatal GC consultation where tensions become apparent due to differing risk perceptions and expectations between a genetic counselor and a patient, which ultimately impacts non‐directive communication practice. The case study forms part of a larger qualitative study focusing on risk and uncertainty communication within GC consultations in Cape Town, South Africa. A blended sociolinguistic approach drawing on principles of conversation analysis (CA) and theme‐orientated discourse analysis (TODA) provides evidence of the complexity of imparting risk information and challenging patients to reflect on their decision‐making, whilst refraining from sharing personal risk perceptions during everyday practice. The case study demonstrates how a genetic counselor may become implicitly and explicitly directive in their communication approach within the same consult which may reveal their personal risk perceptions on the matter discussed. In addition, the case study reveals how a genetic counselor may grapple with the dilemma of honoring the non‐directive guidelines of the profession, whilst simultaneously supporting a patient who requests advice. The ongoing debate on non‐directive counseling, decision‐making, and patient care in GC is important for the reflection and development of the profession to understand how to assist and support patients facing sensitive and difficult decisions, in a meaningful, and contextually‐tailored manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous research acknowledges the importance of line manager interpretations of information coming from the HR department for explaining various employee attitudes and behaviors, less is known about the antecedents of these interpretations, also known as HR attributions. This paper provides a qualitative examination of the interplay between three key antecedents of HR attributions, namely, line manager beliefs about the HR department, information from the HR department and context. Our analysis is based on 30 interviews with HR professionals and line managers in three units of one organization. Our findings suggest that differences in context have a strong impact on line manager beliefs about HR, influencing the way line managers see HR practices, processes and the role of the HR department, and consequently the way they interpret information coming from HR. Our analysis extends our understanding of the variability in line manager interpretations of HR information. Our results contribute to existing research on HRM strength and HR attributions by highlighting the importance of focusing not only on the consistency of the HR system, but also on individual line managers beliefs about HR, and the context in which HR processes take place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many contexts worldwide, most people grow up with one or more siblings. The current paper reviews research on sibling relationship quality (closeness, communication, and conflict) in adolescence and young adulthood in four different contexts: primarily White North American and European samples (132 articles reviewed); ethnic minority families (26 articles reviewed); China (6 articles reviewed); and when one sibling has a disability (21 articles reviewed). Where the literature was available, within each context we addressed five questions: how does sibling relationship quality change from adolescence through young adulthood, how are demographic and structural characteristics linked to sibling relationship quality, how is sibling relationship quality linked to adjustment and behavior, how are familial relationships and processes linked to sibling relationship quality, and how is sibling relationship quality linked to non-familial relationships. Included articles were published between 2001 and 2021 and included aspects of sibling closeness, communication, or conflict in adolescence or young adulthood. Across all contexts, individual (e.g., gender) and dyadic characteristics (e.g., gender composition, birth order) play a role in siblings’ relationship qualities. In several contexts, the current literature suggests that sibling closeness and communication are linked to positive development, well-being, and healthy relationships with other social partners. In multiple contexts, sibling conflict is linked to poorer well-being and negative relationships with other social partners. These broad patterns, however, are qualified by each context and often multiple moderators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety and security are the most significant factors in human life. Accordingly, achieving the required level of safety and security needs steps to keep an acceptable level and fully manage and support it with appropriate activities. Securing both domains requires implementing a risk management process that will be effective and have the desired results. The whole issue is closely related to the critical context, which is the source of essential information regarding the risk management process, and which is related to the environment, processes, and stakeholders. This paper deals with determining the first part of the context analysis - environmental analysis. Techniques (PESTLE and SWOT analysis) are proposed for optimal analysis in the paper, and the analysis is subsequently carried out on the example of air transport in Slovakia. The article provides a fundamental overview of environmental analysis and is suitable for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities is the property of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents some initial insights into practical translation problems that can occur during agile localization. Although agile localization is not a novel approach to software localization, the range of possible translation problems and their causes and solutions have not yet been described. In order to write this paper, an ad hoc monolingual English corpus made up of user interface strings of one agile localized software product was used. The corpus was analyzed string by string, and various causes of translation problems, mostly relating to lacking context, were identified. The paper presents and discusses sample cases of these problems. This paper tries to show that while agile localization can be used as an alternative to traditional localization, the development team must be open to cooperation with the localization team in order for agile localization to be successfully implemented; otherwise, problems will occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current Internet of Things (IoT) systems concentrate on one domain, such as smart home, university, office, etc., while many entities such as humans and mobile phones are mobile entities, roaming between different IoT domains. Most of the research on context-aware middleware for IoT addresses a specific domain and limited kinds of applications. Realizing the ultimate intelligence and automation in IoT will need a multiple-domain system. The architectural design of a multiple-domain context-aware middleware for IoT and pervasive computing envisages serious challenges, including extensibility of the environment, need for distribution, resource limitation of mobile devices, mobility, and need for unique name allocation, which have not been fully addressed by related studies. This paper proposes the architectural design of a multiple-domain context-aware middleware (CAMID), which uses a distributed two-layer architecture to handle the above issues. CAMID has been developed in Java in two layers, including H-CAMID and L-CAMID. Scenario-based Architecture Analysis Method (SAAM) shows that CAMID satisfies the target quality attributes and outperforms previous multiple-domain solutions. Finally, an experimental evaluation of CAMID shows acceptable response time in a critical scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the definitions of such concepts as patriotism, patriot, and patriotic education. The authors determine the importance and urgency of the problem of patriotic education at the present development stage of our country. It is justified the contribution of Ukrainian literature during the upbringing of students as a whole and amidst patriotic education. Using the works of specific writers, the authors prove how they spawn patriotic feelings toward the Motherland in students. The scholarly paper emphasizes that learning Ukrainian literature in school is one of the first steps toward bringing up genuine patriots devoted to their state. Moreover, Ukrainian literature is a strong carrier of the nation's identity and genetic code, so its role in national self-awareness, self-preservation, and self-affirmation is indisputable and crucial. The article highlights that the education of a conscious Ukrainian should be based on historical and cultural knowledge, traditions, and rethinking of modern experience by relying on universal values. It is substantiated that acquaintance with a fiction piece and a comprehensive analysis of the content, genre, and aesthetic specifics will bring students closer to understanding literature as a manifestation of art, a solid factor in world perception and self-identification. The research states that without literature, there can be no axiological understanding of life in which a person plays various roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nuevo Foro Penal is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Association rule mining is typically used to uncover the enthralling interdependencies between the set of variables and reveals the hidden pattern within the dataset. The associations are identified based on co-occurring variables with high frequencies. These associations can be positive (A→B) or negative (A→⌐B). The number of these association rules in larger databases are considerably higher which restricted the extraction of valuable insights from the dataset. Some rule pruning strategies are used to reduce the number of rules that can sometimes miss an important, or include an unimportant rule into the final rule set because of not considering the context of the rule. Context-based positive and negative association rule mining (CBPNARM) for the first time included context variable in the algorithms of association rule mining for selection/ de-selection of such rules. In CBPNARM, the selection of context variable and its range of values are done by the user/expert of the system which demands unwanted user interaction and may add some bias to the results. This paper proposes a method to automate the selection of context variable and selection of its value range. The context variable is chosen by using the diversity index and chi-square test, and the range of values for the context variable is set by using box plot analysis. The proposed method on top of it added conditional-probability increment ratio (CPIR) for further pruning uninteresting rules. Experiments show the system can select the context variable automatically and set the right range for the selected context variable. The performance of the proposed method is compared with CBPNARM and other state of the art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and practitioners recognise the importance of context when implementing healthcare interventions, but the influence of wider environment is rarely mapped. This paper identifies the country and policy-related factors potentially explaining the country differences in outcomes of an intervention focused on improving detection and management of heavy alcohol use in primary care in Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Qualitative data obtained through interviews, logbooks and document analysis are used to explain quantitative data on number of alcohol screenings and screening providers in each of the countries. Existing alcohol screening standards in Mexico, and policy prioritisation of primary care and consideration of alcohol as a public health issue in Colombia and Mexico positively contributed to the outcome, while the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact. In Peru, the context was unsupportive due to a combination of: political instability amongst regional health authorities; lack of focus on strengthening primary care due to the expansion of community mental health centres; alcohol considered as an addiction rather than a public health issue; and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare. We found that wider environment-related factors interacted with the intervention implemented and can help explain country differences in outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Tawasul is the property of Al-Tawasul Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper provides a theoretical overview of the most important factors affecting the translation of place names, in a functional framework, in two broad categories: the characteristics of place names that influence translation (the components of their meaning) and the contextual factors (including the context, the type and function of the text, the background knowledge of the target audience as presupposed by the translator, the purpose of the translator, the type of translation, and, in the case of literary translation, the naming system of the work). This division is merely a methodological solution for understanding and describing the process of name translation; in the translation process itself, the elements of the two categories do not act separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows that contextuals, words such as those discussed by Richard Vall'ee in his paper, "On local bars and imported beer", include not only adjectives and nouns but also verbs, prepositions and adverbs. It shows, moreover, contextuals form just one subclass of words whose complements are optional, that is, words analogous to polyadic predicates of predicate logic. Just as different words, when their complements are omitted, give rise to reflexive (to wash), reciprocal (to meet) and indefinite (to eat) construals, so contextuals give rise to an indexical construal. The paper sets out how such optional complements, or polyadic predicates, as it were, can be handled completely with the syntax and semantics of English, without recourse to special pragmatic principles, lexical ambiguity or phonetically null elements. Though not discussed here, the approach nonetheless applies, it seems, to other languages, such as Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although this study inspects context in general, it is even intended as a prerequisite for a meta-study of contextual time&space in zoo-communication. Moving the scope from linguistics to culture, communication, and semiotics may reveal new similarities between context-perceptions. Paradigmatic historical moves and critical context theories are inspected, asking whether there is a least-common-multiple for perceptions of context. The short answer is that context is relational – a bi-product of attention from a position, creating a focused object, and hence an obscured (back-)ground – the attention's context. A more comprehensive one is that when the focused phenomenon is culture, semiotics, or communication, context becomes embodied. This recognition triggers new questions: What is the relation between embodied, immanent context and this perception's external, physical context (its surroundings)? If utterances are regarded as constituted by the triad form-content-act and the dyadic chronotope time&space, what and where is then context? Which challenges will empirical (zoo-)communicational research face if context is split in internal and external versions of context? These questions raise some epistemological and methodological issues. These are discussed based on a framework that regards communication as a micro-macro interplay between utterance and genre. Genres are kinds of communication. More specifically animal genres related to their basic life-functions are called life-genres. A conclusion is that life-genres function as both mental and situational contexts. This complicates empirical research on communication in general, and zoo-communication in particular. The paper concludes that contexts' relational and embodied nature and the 'situational' characteristics of life-genres challenge researchers to validate continuously, shifting between contextualising, decontextualising, and recontextualising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived responsiveness has been described as a "bedrock of intimacy." For responsive acts to be optimally beneficial, recipients must perceive them as responsive. Thus, understanding the factors that influence perceptions of responsiveness is critical for promoting high‐quality relationships. To date, little research has examined how relationship‐specific variables affect how people interpret responsive acts. This paper examine how one such contextual factor—perceptions of a partner's typical level of responsiveness (responsiveness baseline)—shapes interpretations of responsive and unresponsive acts. Two studies employing complementary paradigms provide converging evidence that individuals who perceive their partner as having a high (vs. low) responsiveness baseline perceive greater situational responsiveness when interpreting responsive (but not unresponsive) acts from their partner. These findings reveal a novel, relationship‐specific contextual influence on perceptions of responsiveness and highlight the importance of considering behavioral baselines when examining how people interpret interpersonal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Transaktionsanalyse is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Curriculum policy and enactment in early childhood education is a political phenomenon that plays out in particular cultural contexts. Comparative lenses to curriculum articulate locally constructed and implicit knowledge to external audiences. In doing so, global commonalities and tensions may become explicit. This paper interrogates curricular documents in Greece and New Zealand using selected questions from Joseph's (2011a) heuristic of 'curriculum as culture'. We do this through writing letters to each other that share our local knowledge and experiences and raise further questions. Although New Zealand and Greece are geographically and culturally two worlds apart, their curricular practices share certain discourses and have both been influenced by international trends. We argue that both countries' documents relate to first-order change where the policy document may not, in itself, update or change prior practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the concept of skills or abilities using the distinction between 'knowing that' and 'knowing how', as put forward by Gilbert Ryle in his 1949 book The Concept of Mind. The assertion of two forms of knowledge suggests the possibility that skills can be represented in propositional language. However, in the analysis of activities it is frequently shown that skills cannot be described 'in words', but at best can be indicated. On the other hand, speaking is itself a skill. If we accept Karl Bühler's (1934) use of the concept of context we see that he describes representative language above all as a skill. The paper closes with a consideration of whether and, if so, to what extent it is possible to square these two conceptions of language. • Offers a novel examination of the connections between the concepts of "skill" and "language". • Compares deixis in language to symbolic language. • Provides a new reading of Michael Polanyi, Gilbert Ryle and Karl Bühler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, taking into account previous partial studies, formulates the methodology, aspects, and aims of a pioneering study of emotions in all the major literary genres of the Old Testament books. Special attention is given to the literary representation of the emotional state of female characters in Old Testament narratives and poems. In light of previous representations of emotions in the Old Testament, the study proposes an integrated analysis of the selected texts that combines linguistic-literary, historical-anthropological, and ethical-moral aspects. The focus is on the study of emotions in the relationships between male and female persons and between humans and God. The analysis of the selected texts takes into account the broader textual and intertextual relationships in relation to similar texts in the Old Testament. The paper focuses on how partial, often abstractly cognitive and allegorical methods can be complemented by a more holistic approach at both the diachronic and synchronic levels in assessing the authenticity of the emotions of the acting subjects. From a methodological point of view, it is also important to pay attention to the relationships between the explicit and implicit representation of the emotions of the main and secondary characters.

Although there is fruitful talent management (TM) literature on large private companies, little of the TM research examines mission-driven organizations (MDOs). This study addresses this gap by presenting TM in the context of the not-for-profit sector in Russia. Using grounded theory, we interviewed 34 top managers to understand how they define talent and how they manage such talent. The research highlights the crucial role of social values in this context. It generates a perspective on the definition of talent that differs from that of the traditional TM literature. The variety of talent definitions creates the following three different paths for TM: community-based, innovation and learning-based, and security and status-based. Then, we derive from these paths three patterns of TM practices ("managerial", "entrepreneurial" and "amateur") that describe the TM practices among Russian MDOs. This study contributes to the TM literature by challenging the traditional approach to TM that focuses on large private companies in Western countries. This paper links TM with social and moral values and presents three different TM patterns, which might be helpful for CEOs, executives and TM managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text analyses the specific forms and channels of artwork development, namely, it looks into the storytelling potential of the physical space (the closedness of interiors and openness of exteriors), the digital space, and the space of paper publication. While respecing the artistic freedom, the paper stresses the importance of the permanently changing context, although even the most recognised art professionals can forget that, which often produces a comical effect. The research involves some seemingly unrelated topics and a few concrete objects: 1. artwork distribution, 2. the entrenchment of architects in the fabric of exhibition, 3. unseen contexts, and 4. the analysis/slam of exhibition titles from a particular historical period. The paper uses the comparative method that is rich both with references and personal remarks, and its style is close to that of a writer-artist rather than an academic. It aims to show the artworld as being slightly rough-around-the-edges, governed by distinct sources of power, and rich with absurdity. The research also uses dedicated illustrations to comment on the topical issues and various tragicomical situations related to them. Along with its visual component, irony temporarily relieves us of tensions and enriches the text companion. The research method is based on the practice of observation of the art field, and the analysis of its exhibition spaces along with individual artists, publishing platforms, and their intersections in the art critical publications, conferences and the internet. The paper tries to study the role of the new participants, specifically exhibition architects, in the exhibition context, while subjectively highlighting both successful and unsuccessful examples. The third part presents the analysis as a clash between randomly picked material (e.g., exhibition titles) on the one hand, and the material of a distinctly different genre (e.g., slam comments) on the other, thus deliberately rejecting the entire sociology of art. Because, when preparing to their exhibitions, artists fall prey to various word games when coming up with their project titles, and end up being torn between family, friends, art theorists and art centre directors on the one hand, and their intimate desire to express themselves on the other. This is also why the third part comes without any conclusions. The author is happy to live in such a structurally obscure environment (what's the difference whether you're self-taught or you've got a degree in art management; after all, life is but collection of exceptions), as long as one has the power of an individual voice. The author is but a text, while the polyphony of other people, historical events and texts is but a context, and the latter is always bigger than the former. The voice, in which we tell our stories of art, will be most successful not only when it is unique, but also when it comes out as a scream. One is thus bound to scream loudly and end one's life with a book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate over the meanings of indexical expressions has relied heavily on the method of counterexamples. This paper challenges that method by showing that purported counterexamples can often be explained away by appeal to perspective shifts. For these counterexamples to establish anything about indexical reference, we must identify the conditions under which theorists can legitimately appeal to perspective shifts. Some tests for semantic content are considered and it is argued that none of them can tell us when appeal to perspective shift is admissible. The paper then considers how we should proceed if we become convinced that there is no way to identify the content of indexical expressions, offering reasons in favour of a nihilist conception of character over an epistemicist or pluralist conception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a case study of two sixth-grade students' use of an iPad as an instructional tool for mathematics. Based on their written and oral responses, we investigated and analyzed their meaning making process with mathematical content in a classroom where the iPad was a central tool for teaching practices. The analyses were based on Steinbring's [(2005). The construction of new mathematical knowledge in classroom interaction: An epistemological perspective (Vol. 38). Springer] framework, which we applied to understand how students construct meaning for mathematical concepts. The analysis showed that the students constructed mathematical knowledge by forming associations between contexts represented by the activities and by mathematical symbols and signs. The findings suggest the possibility that touchscreen technology reinforces the link between mathematical content, mathematical representations, and tangible experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, behavioral research in privacy has made considerable progress transitioning from acontextual studies to using contextualization as a powerful sensitizing device for illuminating the boundary conditions of privacy theories. Significant challenges and opportunities wait, however, on elevating and converging individually contextualized studies to a context-contingent theory that explicates the mechanisms through which contexts influence consumers' privacy concerns and their behavioral reactions. This paper identifies the important barriers occasioned by this lack of context theorizing on the generalizability of privacy research findings and argues for accelerating the transition from the contextualization of individual research studies to an integrative understanding of context effects on privacy concerns. It also takes a first step toward this goal by providing a conceptual framework and the associated methodological instantiation for assessing how context-oriented nuances influence privacy concerns. Empirical evidence demonstrates the value of the framework as a diagnostic device guiding the selection of contextual contingencies in future research, so as to advance the pace of convergence toward context-contingent theories in information privacy. This paper was accepted by Anindya Ghose, information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We re-examine the long-held postulate that there are two modes of thought, and develop a more fine-grained analysis of how different modes of thought affect conceptual change. We suggest that cognitive development entails the fine-tuning of three dimensions of thought: abstractness, divergence, and context-specificity. Using a quantum cognition modeling approach, we show howthese three variables differ, and explain why they would have a distinctively different impacts on thought processes and mental contents. We suggest that, through simultaneous manipulation of all three variables, one spontaneously, and on an ongoing basis, tailors one's mode of thought to the demands of the current situation. The paper concludes with an analysis based on results from an earlier study of children's mental models of the shape of the Earth. The example illustrates how, through reiterated transition between mental states using these three variables, thought processes unfold, and conceptual change ensues. While this example concerns children, the approach applies more broadly to adults as well as children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reducing the rate of stillbirth is an international priority. At least half of babies stillborn in high-income countries are small for gestational-age (SGA). The Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP), a complex antenatal intervention that aims to increase the rate of antenatal detection of SGA, was evaluated in the DESiGN type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised trial (n = 13 clusters). In this paper, we present the trial process evaluation.Methods: A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted. Clinical leads and frontline healthcare professionals were interviewed to inform understanding of context (implementing and standard care sites) and GAP implementation (implementing sites). Thematic analysis of interview text used the context and implementation of complex interventions framework to understand acceptability, feasibility, and the impact of context. A review of implementing cluster clinical guidelines, training and maternity records was conducted to assess fidelity, dose and reach.Results: Interviews were conducted with 28 clinical leads and 27 frontline healthcare professionals across 11 sites. Staff at implementing sites generally found GAP to be acceptable but raised issues of feasibility, caused by conflicting demands on resource, and variable beliefs among clinical leaders regarding the intervention value. GAP was implemented with variable fidelity (concordance of local guidelines to GAP was high at two sites, moderate at two and low at one site), all sites achieved the target to train > 75% staff using face-to-face methods, but only one site trained > 75% staff using e-learning methods; a median of 84% (range 78-87%) of women were correctly risk stratified at the five implementing sites. Most sites achieved high scores for reach (median 94%, range 62-98% of women had a customised growth chart), but generally, low scores for dose (median 31%, range 8-53% of low-risk women and median 5%, range 0-17% of high-risk women) were monitored for SGA as recommended.Conclusions: Implementation of GAP was generally acceptable to staff but with issues of feasibility that are likely to have contributed to variation in implementation strength. Leadership and resourcing are fundamental to effective implementation of clinical service changes, even when such changes are well aligned to policy mandated service-change priorities.Trial Registration: Primary registry and trial identifying number: ISRCTN 67698474. Registered 02/11/16. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN67698474 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been argued that common ground information is unsuited to the role that contexts play in the theory of indexical and demonstrative reference. This paper explores an alternative view that identifies shared information with what is common knowledge among the participants. We argue this view of shared information avoids the problems for the common ground approach concerning reference while preserving its advantages in accounting for communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Contextualisation research in entrepreneurship is on the rise. Scholars generally view it positively, as contextualisation allows for a better understanding of the bigger picture, whilst also concerns are voiced. However, contextualisation may lead to an overly fragmented field and its possible disintegration. This calls for 'the emergence of sensible approaches to contextualisation that provide guidance in balancing its benefits and costs' as reported by Welter et al. (Small Business Economics 52(2):319–330, 2019) which is the challenge we address in this Special Issue. More specifically, we argue that an investigation of the construction and enactment of contexts provides a path to better understand the identified tension. The aim of this Special Issue ties in with increasing calls in the entrepreneurship literature for going beyond agent centric views towards accounts that theorise the interconnections between agency and structure. Taken together, the articles in this special issue contribute to (1) a stronger grounding for entrepreneurship theories and concepts; (2) a more balanced conceptualisation of both agency and context; (3) a shift from the 'standard model' of entrepreneurship; and (4) context sensitive entrepreneurship methodologies and approaches. We end with identifying further research avenues. Plain English Summary: Contextualisation research in entrepreneurship is on the rise. With contextualisation we aim to understand the external environmental factors impacting entrepreneurial activities. Many scholars believe it provides a better understanding of the bigger picture, whereby others highlight that contextualisation may lead to an overly fragmented field and its possible disintegration. In this Special Issue, we argue that by investigating 'doing contexts', which are the making, unmaking, and remaking of sites for entrepreneurial action, we help to tackle this challenge. Taken together, the articles of this Special Issue contribute to (1) a stronger grounding for entrepreneurship theories and concepts; (2) a more balanced conceptualisation of both agency and context; (3) a shift from the 'standard model' of entrepreneurship; and (4) context sensitive entrepreneurship methodologies and approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates belonging among Turkish Alevi older migrants during their stays in the origin country. The few studies that cover belonging among older migrants primarily examined belonging within the confines of host countries. As substantial amounts of time are spent in origin countries, migrants' life worlds are thus only partially studied. Furthermore, the importance of context for belonging is thereby insufficiently acknowledged. Antonsich's (2010) framework inspires this investigation, distinguishing place-belongingness and politics of belonging. Based on observations and 21 interviews with older Alevi migrants in Turkey, we show that the autobiographic story is particularly useful to study older migrants' belonging, that minority identity shapes belonging, and that the location of the interview matters for the types of narratives collected. This study thereby adds to literature on belonging among older migrant populations, to understanding of the complementary nature of place-belongingness and politics of belonging, and to scholarly acknowledgement of the importance of context for belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we review recent findings on the development of communicative behaviour of monolingual and bilingual toddlers and preschoolers. We describe how the unique experience of growing up with two (or more) languages affects children's everyday experiences and the pragmatics of their communicative behaviour. Deriving from this literature, we introduce a novel perspective on children's development of communicative behaviour (COMmmunicative-Experience, COME), discussing potential mechanisms behind this pragmatic behaviour. It assumes that children experience communicative situations of varying efficiency and that these experiences shape their communicative behaviour: The more experiences children have with non-effective communicative situations, the larger their communicative repertoire becomes and the more flexibly this repertoire can be applied in a given situation. Notably, the COME perspective is not limited to bilingual communicative development but can be applied to a variety of other pragmatic contexts. Therefore, we broaden the discussion by identifying open questions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The link between work and health outcomes for preconception, pregnant, and postpartum (PPP) working women is complex. Further, innovation and enhanced understanding are required to address the work‐related determinants of maternal obesity. However, workplace health promotion is not typically systems‐based nor attuned to the specific needs and context of individual PPP women. We propose that to improve health outcomes for PPP women, we must understand the pathways between paid work and health for the individual woman by taking a systems‐thinking approach. In this paper, we (a) outline the rationale for why the oversimplification or "dilution" of individual context may occur; (b) present a systems‐informed pathway model (the "Context‐Exposure‐Response" Model) and overview of potential work‐related impacts on health and wellbeing outcomes for PPP women using maternal obesity to provide context examples; (c) further investigate the role of motivational factors from a systems perspective; and (d) briefly examine the implications for policy, practice, and intervention design. It is anticipated that this research may act as a starting point to assist program developers, researchers, and policymakers to adopt a systems‐focused perspective while contributing to the health improvement and obesity prevention of PPP women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive research points towards cultural differences in the way people perceive and express scenes. Whereas people from Western cultures focus more on focal objects, those from East Asia have been shown to focus on the surrounding context. This paper examines whether these cultural differences are expressed in complex multimodal media such as comics. We compared annotated panels across comics from six countries to examine how backgrounds convey contextual information of scenes in explicit or implicit ways. Compared to Western comics from the United States and Spain, East Asian comics from Japan and China expressed the context of scenes more implicitly. In addition, Nigerian comics moderately emulated American comics in background use, while Russian comics emulated Japanese manga, consistent with their visual styles. The six countries grouped together based on whether they employed more explicit strategies such as detailed, depicted backgrounds, or implicit strategies such as leaving the background empty. These cultural differences in background use can be attributed to both cognitive patterns of attention and comics' graphic styles. Altogether, this study provides support for cultural differences in attention manifesting in visual narratives, and elucidates how spatial relationships are depicted in visual narratives across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]