Search

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequently coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and synergistically contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a commonly used noninvasive test for assessing endothelial function. The main objective of this study was to explore FMD in patients with T2DM with and without NAFLD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, conducted on people with T2DM, NAFLD was defined as controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score > 302 dB/m. Endothelial dysfunction was detected when arterial FMD of brachial artery was equal or less than 0.7%. Regression analyses were applied to assess factors associated with impaired FMD. Result: A total of 147 patients (72 with NAFLD and 75 without NAFLD) were included in the final analysis. Patients with NAFLD were more likely to develop FMD ≤ 7% (77.8% vs. 58.7%, P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, NAFLD (OR = 2.581, 95% CI (1.18–5.62), P = 0.017) and hypertension (HTN) (OR = 3.114, 95% CI (1.31–7.35), P = 0.010) were associated with an increased risk of impaired FMD. However, female sex was associated with a decreased risk of impaired FMD (OR = 0.371, 95% CI (0.15–0.87), P = 0.024). Conclusion: NAFLD is associated with endothelial dysfunction in people with T2DM. This risk is comparable with the risk imposed by HTN, highlighting the importance of screening and management of NAFLD in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a common accident with life-threatening outcomes. Rigid bronchoscopy is considered an effective tool in the diagnosis and treatment of this complication; however, there is still no agreement on the preferred ventilation method for the treatment of patients with foreign body aspiration. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes followed by ventilation methods in patients with foreign body aspiration undergoing rigid bronchoscopy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the information was recorded from 90 patients' files, including age, gender, aspirated foreignbody, interval from aspiration to referral, signs, andsymptoms, comorbidity, bronchoscopic results, ventilationmethod during the procedure, occurrence of respiratory complications, heart rate, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, length of hospital stay, and mortality of patients. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 90 reviewed cases, 57.67% were male, and the mean age was 2.06-1.25 years. The most common aspirated foreign body was peanuts (38.89%). The mostcommonclinical signs were cough (81.11%) and wheezing (51.11%). The mostcommonsymptoms were wheezing (54.44%) and decreasing respiratory sounds (46.67%). Bronchoscopy was associated with foreign body extraction in 65.6% of the patients. The relationship between the ventilation method with blood pressure changes, length of hospital stay, cardiopulmonary complications, and oxygen saturation was not significant; however, the cases with spontaneous breathing referred at shorter intervals from aspiration and experienced fewer heart rate changes. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed no preference between spontaneous and controlled ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy in patients with foreign body aspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]