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This paper proposes a new algorithm for the detection and classification of faults in transmission lines in the presence of distributed generation. The proposed algorithm uses wavelet transform-based detail and approximation coefficients of voltage and current signals over one cycle after fault inception at one end of the transmission line. The line impedance calculated from the ratio of the voltage and current approximation coefficients is fed to the fuzzy inference system to classify faults. The proposed algorithm has been tested successfully in a real-time digital simulator for nonlinear high impedance faults in the presence of wind farm, considering the effects of CT saturation. All types of faults with the variation of pre-fault loading condition, line parameters, line length and source impedance can be correctly classified using the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an optimal cascaded three degree of freedom proportional integral (3DOF PI) controller and compares its performance with conventional proportional integral (PI) controller for load frequency control of two area deregulated power system. The 3DOF PI controller enhances the degree of freedom and gives better dynamic response. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to get the optimal gains of the proposed controllers. In the considered two area thermal-gas-fuel cell system, the thermal system consists of a reheat turbine with appropriate generation rate constraint non linearity. Battery storage and unified power flow controller (UPFC) are also assumed to be present. The performance of the proposed controllers is evaluated under different operating conditions that take place in deregulated power market. To tackle any contract violation this article emphasizes on the ancillary services provided by electric vehicles (EVs) and distributed generations. A robustness analysis is also presented by varying parameters from their nominal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]