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The rapid growth of information technology and industrial revolutions provoked digital transformation of all sectors, from the government to households. Moreover, digital transformations led to the development of cryptocurrency. However, crypto trading provokes a dilemma loop. On the one hand, crypto trading led to economic development, which allowed attracting additional resources to extending smart and green technologies for de-carbonising the economic growth. On the other hand, crypto trading led to intensifying energy sources, which provoked an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. The paper aims to analyse the connections between crypto trading, economic development of the country, renewable energy consumption, and environmental degradation. The data for analysis were obtained from: Our World in Data, World Data Bank, Eurostat, Ukrstat, Crystal Blockchain, and KOF Globalisation Index. To check the hypothesis, the paper applied the Pedroni and Kao panel cointegration tests, FMOLS and DOLS panel cointegration models, and Vector Error Correction Models. The findings concluded that the increasing crypto trading led to enhanced GDP, real gross fixed capital formation, and globalisation. However, in the long run, the relationship between crypto trading and the share of renewable energies in total energy consumption was not confirmed by the empirical results. For further directions, it is necessary to analyse the impact of crypto trading on land and water pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental problems of urban and rural areas are now high on the agenda of industrialized countries, becoming a key challenge for regional-level policymaking. The mutual influence of population growth, economic and technological development, and the anthropogenic pressure on the environment is still insufficiently studied in many countries, including Russia. In this paper, this relationship is studied for the municipalities of Angara–Yenisey Siberia using an ensemble of the STIRPAT-like regression models, adapted according to the available data. We found that population size and gross municipal product were positively associated with pollutant emissions (p < 0.01), while energy efficiency had no significant impact on air pollution. In addition to the poor national data quality and completeness issues, which can distort statistical conclusions, the cause of the observed lack of spatial correlation between energy efficiency and air pollutant emissions may be path dependence and an insufficient pace of transition to a greener economy. This leaves room for institutional transformations aimed at intensifying energy efficiency to reduce the environmental burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]