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In this paper, we aim to document and analyze the long arc of connectivity between China and Latin America. First, using analytical international trade and economic tools, we provide a new economic perspective of the First Globalization–-the Ming and early Qing China's economic and business links with Latin America and Europe. Second, due to U.S. government trade policies toward China in the 1990s, the Second China's Globalization was ushered in with its entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO). During this second phase, China exchanged manufactured goods with minerals and resources from Latin America. Finally, the tough technology and trade stance by the Trump and Biden Administrations prompted China to intensify the third phase of China interaction with Latin America. For the 2020s and beyond, one important pillar of the Third China-Latin America-Europe Globalization is heightened efforts for China to increase its digital-AI, telecommunication and platform business presence and access into the Latin American markets. To enrich our analysis, we will provide Chinese-style digital-AI business and economic models to help illustrate our discussions. Throughout our paper, we want to point out that government policies were instrumental in bringing forth these Three Globalizations that involve China-Latin America-Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, China 's extensive economic development model has produced a large amount of emissions, which has brought indelible damage to the environment. Green development is of vital importance for China to achieve high-quality development, and it is the core of alleviating environmental problems and promoting sustainable development. How to achieve China 's green development requires us to evaluate the level of green development in China 's provinces and analyze the reasons. In this study, an evaluation index system including undesired output of green development efficiency is constructed, and then the Supe-SBM model is used to assess the green development efficiency of 30 Chinese provinces. This paper also discusses the spatial and temporal differences as well as the factors affecting green development efficiency of green development efficiency among provinces. The findings demonstrate: (1) The green development efficiency in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the western region, while the central region has the lowest, but they all show a downward trend. (2) The spatial characteristics of green development efficiency are remarkable, according to the Global Moran's I index. However, the results of local spatial agglomeration demonstrate "small agglomeration and large dispersion," with the majority of provinces exhibiting L-L agglomeration. (3) Technological Progress, Opening Up, Urbanization Level are positively correlated with the green development efficiency. Industrial Structure, Financial Development, Energy Structure and green development efficiency are significantly negatively correlated, while Environmental Regulation shows no significant impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a key determinant of employment behavior, employment intention is easily affected by the environment, others and their subconsciousness, thus deviating from the optimal decision predicted by the classical economic model. Peers are an important environmental factor that directly affects individual behavior, but their effect on employment intentions has not been fully verified. The paper analyzes the class peer effect on university students' employment intentions using random class assignment data from a central province in China. It is found that positive peer employment behavior has a significant positive effect on university students' employment intentions, and this result remains robust after replacing the proxy variables. Further analysis of the peer effect mechanism reveals that the provision and dissemination of school employment information enhances the peer effect in employment intentions, while the help given by parents and family background weakens the peer effect. The results of the dose effect of the peer effect show that the peer effect tends to increase over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientifically characterizing the intrinsic mechanism of the biased reduction targets affecting agricultural green innovation is of great practical significance for the systematic promotion of the greening transformation of China's agricultural development mode. This paper first constructed a two-sector endogenous economic growth model, theoretically deducing the intrinsic mechanism by which the bias reduction targets were adjusted through the green transformation of agricultural production input factors, which in turn affected the research and development decision-making of the agricultural innovation sector. To the end, this paper treated the strategy of zero growth in synthetic fertilizer use (ZGS) implemented in 2015 as a policy shock and empirically assessed its green innovation effect using the staggered difference-in-differences model. The results showed that ZGS significantly contributed to the increase of green patents in Chinese agriculture. The above conclusion still held after a series of robustness tests, including using terrain complexity as an instrumental variable, estimating the robust staggered difference-in-differences model, eliminating policy interference, altering the estimated model, and replacing the explanatory variables. However, the obvious regional heterogeneity of this effect was reported: the higher the level of marketization and digitalization, the fuller the release of this innovation effect; and that ZGS was more significant in inducing the green innovation activities of enterprises and individuals than of innovation bodies such as universities and research institutions. Finally, this paper also empirically tested the two paths of the theoretical model about the green innovation effect triggered by the biased reduction targets. The study confirmed that the green innovation effect of ZGS mainly resulted from two channels: the expansion of the market scale for agricultural green technologies and the green-oriented allocation of innovation resources. The above conclusions imply that it is necessary to create a sound innovation ecology by strengthening the innovation of green science and technology institutions and combining active government with an effective market. Particularly, a portfolio of policy instruments, including the fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, price policy, and standard system concerning green technology development, should be created to guarantee green technology development. In addition, ZGS can set up differentiated reduction targets considering regional endowment conditions to ensure its smooth progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, my country's economic development has entered a new stage, and economic development has entered a new height. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the most important and commonly used measure to evaluate social and economic development. It can comprehensively reflect the operating conditions of the economy. At the 2014 APEC summit, Xi Jinping focused on the characteristics of the new normal of China's economy. The economic growth has undergone major changes, and the economic structure has become more and more complete and has been continuously optimized. Therefore, the driving force of innovation plays an important role in the future social and economic development. The high-tech demonstration zone is the main hub of my country's economic innovation and scientific and technological progress, and the development of the high-tech demonstration zone is particularly important in the development of the innovative economy. By predicting the economic growth, the development structure can be adjusted in time, and the coordinated allocation of resources can be achieved, which is conducive to the stable and rapid development of the economy. Therefore, it is very necessary to predict my country's economic growth. At present, more and more scholars have invested more energy in the establishment of economic forecasting models. Previously, the prediction effect of traditional models was not satisfactory. At present, the field of target camera machine learning has been transferred. The application of the powerful nonlinear fitting ability of the machine learning model can improve the prediction effect. Based on this, this paper studies the use of artificial neural network with improved BP algorithm to predict social and economic development, and analyzes social and economic development trends and changing laws. The results show that the forecasting model constructed in this paper has a good forecasting effect, and the research results can provide a theoretical basis for scientifically formulating macro-control policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the construction of national innovative cities as a natural experiment of innovation-driven development, based on the panel data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this paper utilizes the new economic growth model to distinguish the difference in the impacts of independent innovation and technology- introduction innovation on urban TFP. According to the relevant research conclusions, it indicates that innovation- driven can indeed improve urban TFP. Nevertheless, the core of innovation-driven improvement of urban TFP lies in the improvement of the independent innovation ability of innovative cities, rather than the technology-introduction innovation ability. The important policy-related implication of this paper lies in that the further promotion of the construction of national innovative cities requires the implementation of independent innovation-driven development strategies and the improvement of the urban TFP level of economic cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper establishes a theoretical framework to study the fundamental changes in the concept and mechanism of China's ecosystem protection under the paradigm of ecological civilization, and its major implications for global sustainable development. We first examine the damage to the ecosystem of the standard economic growth model, and provide empirical evidence that the traditional ecosystem protection paradigm based on the concept of industrial civilization has been unable to curb serious ecological degradation on a global scale. We then build a new theoretical model to reveal China's new ecosystem protection paradigm based on the concept of ecological civilization, and analyze how it forms a mutually beneficial relationship with economic development by changing the content and mechanism of economic growth. Furthermore, we conduct an empirical analysis of the paradigm shift of China's ecosystem protection and show that there is a significant synergy between China's ecological conservation and economic development under the new paradigm. Finally, we use a game theory model to reveal the significant implications of China's new ecosystem conservation paradigm for global ecological protection, especially for the realization of the expected goals of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minimalist, atomistic classical liberal definition of markets is dominant in the global political economy literature, if often implicitly so. But major shifts are occurring in the 21st century, including China's rise, which highlight the deficiencies of this definition and challenge us to develop fresh tools to conceptualize global markets. There are three ways in which China's emergence challenges established market conceptualizations: the continued resilience of China's authoritarian state-led capitalist economic model, China's positioning around notions of power and fairness in the global economy, and China's mixed preferences regarding global markets. The study of China's rise, far from only impressing upon us how different China is, shines a light on dynamics that are prevalent everywhere, yet suffer from a lack of attention. This paper argues that the political economy literature is limiting the development of richer conceptualizations of the market because it operates within three conceptual 'straitjackets': the notion of the pure market as ideal- type, the state-market dichotomy and the notion of a sequential progression towards a market economy. The fact that markets are an underdefined concept deprives us of useful tools for elucidating important questions about markets in the global economy and limits our capacity to evaluate China's impact on global markets. Drawing from diverse literatures, from comparative politics, to classical political economy and economic sociology, this paper develops an institutionally grounded set of tools, including a list of characteristics and a typology, to define, evaluate and compare markets, and inspire others to contribute to the endeavour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new era, the Chinese government has implemented a strategic arrangement of high-quality development and a dual circulation development pattern, which injects new content and driving force into China's new urbanization. To reveal these changes, this paper constructs a quadrilateral diamond structure model of urbanization development dynamics of four-dimensional force + institutional force + innovation force, based on the comprehensive connotation of urbanization. Then the standard variance method and global principal component regression model are applied to empirically analyze the urbanization level and its development dynamics for Chongqing, a typical representative city of strategic importance in China, from 2000 to 2018. The results show that the following. (1) The urbanization level and all subsystems in Chongqing have shown a significant growth trend, of which the population and social subsystems have been maintaining relatively high growth rates, mapping the urbanization from a traditional efficiency-first economic growth model to a comprehensive benefit maximization model, focusing on people's livelihood and sustainable development. (2) The urbanization of Chongqing in the new era is an endogenous growth-oriented model driven by administrative, market, intrinsic, exterior, innovational, and institutional forces. This reflects the diversified and contemporary characteristics of the driving forces of urbanization in the new era, as well as the rationality and superiority of the institutional arrangement of the Chinese government. (3) The quadrilateral diamond structure model, which is based on the endogenous growth of the two forces of institutions and scientific and technological innovation, reveals the regional attributes and contemporary characteristics of the driving forces of urbanization in the new era. It can illustrate the Chinese experience for world urbanization research, and provides basic material for the world to understand and explore the characteristics and patterns of China's urbanization development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the successful holding of the Winter Olympics, China's enthusiasm for ice and snow sports has soared, and its enthusiasm for ice and snow tourism has also been further stimulated. At present, most of China's ice and snow tourism (IST) attractions are concentrated in the three eastern provinces. At the same time, due to the increasingly harsh environment, the natural landscape of IST is also shrinking. Therefore, this paper aims at studying the strategies of IST to optimize the ecological environment and economic growth from the perspective of sustainable development. First of all, this paper makes a certain introduction to the current situation of IST. After that, the current IST resources in China were analyzed, and the three northeastern provinces were taken as the research objects, and the distribution location, traffic conditions, and development trends of IST resources were studied in detail. Then, the autoregressive model is used to fit the tourism resources and tourist growth with the economic growth, and combined with the trend shown by the economic growth model, a strategy for the sustainable development of IST is proposed. The experimental results of this paper prove that the regional system attribute of IST resources and economic growth model is between 3 and 5, and the average is about 3.6, which shows that the growth of tourism resources has a positive correlation with economic growth. Therefore, from the perspective of sustainable development, the economic growth of the IST industry should also focus on the protection and humidity development of natural ice and snow landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of 'new' state capitalism has garnered increasing attention among scholars due to the emergence of a polymorphism of state interventions in recent years. These interventions are now being examined through a spatial lens, departing from the previously dominant methodological nationalism. In this case, the 'new' Chinese state capitalism is particularly noteworthy. The People's Republic of China (PRC) has adopted a spatial state-led strategy to facilitate the Renminbi (RMB) transnationalization. This strategic approach transcends traditional national boundaries, stretching across different spaces. Our research focuses on the specific case of Luxembourg in relation to this spatial strategy. We assert that the RMB transnationalization represents a distinctive feature of the 'new' Chinese state capitalism, as it is underpinned by explicit Chinese state policies, unlike other currencies whose global use was the result of growing economies. Moreover, we contend that the PRC's explicit policies regarding the RMB do not aim for full convertibility and widespread acceptance like the US-Dollar (USD). Instead, they prioritise its role as a trade currency for international trade settlements, as the main goal is to reduce the dependence on the USD and to create a stable International Monetary System (IMS) that will bring benefits to its trade-oriented economic model. Overall, this paper significantly contributes to the existing literature by offering a novel perspective on the RMB transnationalization within the framework of the 'new' Chinese state capitalism, emphasising China's quest for autonomy from the USD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource-driven models and technology-driven models appear in different stages of economic development. In the early stage of industrialization, resource-driven economic development is usually the main development mode. Due to the impact of scientific progress and resource shortages, technology-driven economic growth has gradually become mainstream in the middle and late periods of industrialization. However, what are the differences between these two development models in driving economic growth? What is the asymptotic and iterative relationship between them? Understanding the interaction between the two is helpful to promote high-quality economic development. Therefore, by constructing a comprehensive evaluation framework of economic growth-resource consumption-technology progress and using the system dynamics model to simulate the evolution characteristics of the regional economic development driving force in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), the study finds that there is a long-term stable interaction between economic development and the resource- and technology-driven system in the YREB from 2015 to 2030. The energy of the simulation model is accurately reflects the regional development status, and the error of all simulation values is controlled within 5%. With the continuous improvement of economic aggregates, the contribution of technology input to economic growth gradually increases, while the driving force of resource input to economic growth shows a downward trend. Technological progress has become the most important driving force for sustainable economic development, especially the investment of technical personnel and technological capital. This study deepens the understanding of the driving mode of economic development and provides a reference for the development practice of other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs the agglomeration model of crossregional labor flow and market accessibility based on the new economic geography model. Using panel data in 2000-2013, this paper examines the impact of high-speed railways on industrial agglomeration. The results show that high-speed railway significantly promotes the spatial agglomeration of industrial firms. The high-speed railway promotes industrial agglomeration by promoting crossregional mobility of industrial labor and improving market accessibility. We also construct the instrument variable based on HSR construction cost and apply the TSLS model to solve the potential endogenous problems. At the same time, PSM results also get the net effect caused by the repair of a high-speed railway, which verifies the robustness of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the economy, especially since the reform and opening up, the actual conditions that China's economic development faces have also changed, and the development goals have also been adjusted accordingly. However, since the reform and opening up, China's economy has still largely relied on the extended reproduction of the extension type. It basically develops along a high-input, low-efficiency path. The effectiveness of regional economic development has always been one of the most important debates in economics, and it has attracted great attention in different countries and regions around the world. So far, people have conducted a lot of theoretical and practical research on the effectiveness of regional development and put forward many practical countermeasures. However, it has achieved little in practice, and the original form of high growth and low efficiency has not been effectively reversed. In this paper, economic development is divided into two parts. The first part consists of the impact of changes in the quantity of factors of production on economic growth and the impact of the efficiency of economic growth on the entire economy. The second part consists of the annual average efficiency of economic growth. The average annual contribution of various production factors to economic growth and the economic growth efficiency of changes in the allocation of capital industries were 6.21%, 5.02%, 4.05%, 3.9%, and 3.3%, respectively in the past five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response potential of demand-side resources is becoming increasingly significant in integrated energy system (IES) operations. In addition, to ensure the effective participation of system devices, their actual responsiveness at different timescales should be considered. Based on these considerations, this paper proposes an IES multi-timescale operation optimization strategy that incorporates multiple forms of integrated demand response (IDR) and considers the response characteristics of the equipment. First, the multi-timescale characteristics of IDR are analyzed. Moreover, a multi-timescale operation model of IES that comprises day-ahead, intraday, and real-time stages is further established. In the day-ahead dispatch, a low-carbon economic scheduling model is developed by considering the shifting demand response (DR) and the cost of carbon emissions. In the intraday scheduling, noting that cooling and heat energy transmission possess slow dynamic characteristics, a rolling optimization model for cooling/heating coupled equipment considering load shedding and substituting DR is established. In real-time scheduling, the output of electric/gas coupled equipment is adjusted. Finally, an industrial park-type IES in northern China was selected as an example for a case study. The results show that (1) the IDR multi-timescale response strategy can exploit different types of demand-side flexibility resources. After implementing the shifting DR, the peak-to-valley difference of the electric load curve was reduced by 20%, and the total system cost was reduced by 2.3%. After implementing load shedding, the maximum load differences per unit period of the electric, heat, and cooling load curves decreased by 18.7%, 40.0%, and 68.9%, respectively. (2) By refining the timescale of IES optimization, the proposed model can effectively ensure the energy supply and demand balance of the system under different load scenarios and reduce the system operation cost. After applying the model to simulation in three typical days (transition season, summer, and winter), the penalty costs of lost loads reduce by ¥3650, ¥3807, and ¥3599, respectively, and the total system costs decrease by 17.4%, 16.1%, and 16.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of science and technology has also led to the progress of rural digital economy. In China, the construction of new countryside has always been an important part of economic development. The application of big data technology in rural areas can not only promote the development of rural economy, but also improve the results of environmental protection. Using the matching coefficient method of agricultural water and soil environmental characteristics, it match the rural water and soil environmental characteristics and the impact of the water environment in the autonomous region. An indispensable driving force in the process, agricultural digitalization will update the rural economic development model, weaken the barriers to the dual structure of urban and rural areas, stabilize agricultural production, promote sustainable rural development, and promote rural economic development. The current government policy support, the urgent need for new development momentum for rural economic development, and the advancement of changes in the lifestyle of urban and rural residents are promoting high-quality development of the rural economy. At the same time, we are facing challenges such as the lack of local network coverage, the lack of logistics, sales systems, and the lack of talents with digital skills. Expanding rural network coverage, optimizing rural logistics and distribution, promoting the development of agricultural big data, and strengthening the development of digital human resources are important ways for agricultural digitalization to promote rural economic development. The research focus of this paper is the parallel development of rural digital economy and environmental protection under the big data economy, and its application in the current agricultural development can achieve a win–win situation between man and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid increase of resource consumption and ecological protection demand, the economic growth model of China has also changed to focus on efficiency and quality. In the future, the circular economic model will be the main direction of sustainable development. According to the analysis of international development trends, green consumption has become the development trend of the times. Some developing countries also put forward the concept of green trade in the process of trade. It results in a severe living environment and challenges for some Chinese enterprises. For this challenge, China should grasp the economic development trend and change the business model by adopting the green technology innovation model. It will reduce consumption and pollution, improve efficiency, and, also, build the enterprise green technology innovation model to greatly improve the production efficiency and resource utilization of the enterprises. This paper uses data mining technology to establish a mathematical model of cluster analysis. It describes the process of enterprise technological innovation in detail and analyzes the power source of enterprise technological innovation and several commonly used models. Through this model, the enterprise technological innovation ability can be comprehensively improved. It focuses on the analysis of the enterprise green technology innovation path based on data mining. It analyzes the enterprise green technology innovation path from the points of reducing transaction costs and improving the allocation efficiency of innovation elements. According to this path, the enterprise transaction costs can be reduced to a certain extent and the allocation efficiency of enterprise elements can also be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of regional tourism economic development, this paper uses the entropy method and the coupling coordination model to analyse the comprehensive development level and the degree of coupling coordination between tourism and regional development and uses the GM (1, 1) grey prediction model to forecast the degree of coupling coordination between tourism and regional development in China in the next five years, based on the data related to tourism and regional development in China from 1996 to 2015. The results show that the degree of coupling and coordination between tourism and regional development is steadily increasing, with the coupling level moving from low level coupling to antagonistic stage and the coupling coordination level reaching from low level disorder to good level coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the decline of China's economic growth rate and the uproar of antiglobalization, the textile industry, one of the business cards of China's globalization, is facing a huge impact. When the economic model is undergoing transformation, it is more important to prevent enterprises from falling into financial distress. So, the financial risk early warning is one of the important means to prevent enterprises from falling into financial distress. Aiming at the risk analysis of the textile industry's foreign investment, this paper proposes an analysis method based on deep learning. This method combines residual network (ResNet) and long short-term memory (LSTM) risk prediction model. This method first establishes a risk indicator system for the textile industry and then uses ResNet to complete deep feature extraction, which are further used for LSTM training and testing. The performance of the proposed method is tested based on part of the measured data, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing debate over whether China's economic model can be managed within the rules of the multilateral trade system, a debate with major implications for international order. Critics argue that the China model is a systemic rival to the liberal trade order, a view that implies future decoupling. For those who reject the rivalry view, the default position is to propose more trade agreements with China, with the goal of driving liberal reforms in the country. This article engages the debate by contributing a conceptually informed and empirically supported analysis of China's institutional development. Combining 'second image' insights with a comparative capitalism framework helps explain why nations evolve distinct varieties of market economy, which then shape their multilateral preferences. Applying these insights to China's institutional development suggests two things: (1) the country is in transition to a socialist, rather than liberal, market economy, grounded in a fundamentally different legal and normative order; (2) the socialist market economy shapes Chinese preferences towards challenging the liberal trade order at a systemic level (i.e. over the rules of the game, rather than within them). Empirically, the article highlights two modes of systemic contestation by China that confirm the paper's conceptual expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yangtze Economic Belt (hereafter, the Belt) is one of the most dynamic regions in China in terms of population growth, economic progress, industrialization, and urbanization. It faces many resource constraints (land, food, energy) and environmental challenges (pollution, biodiversity loss) under rapid population growth and economic development. Interactions between human and natural systems are at the heart of the challenges facing the sustainable development of the Belt. By adopting systematic thinking and the methodology of system dynamics simulation, an integrated system-dynamics-based simulation model for the Belt, named ANEMI_Yangtze, has been developed based on the third version of ANEMI3. The nine sectors of population, economy, land, food, energy, water, carbon, nutrients, and fish are currently included in ANEMI_Yangtze. This paper presents the ANEMI_Yangtze model description, which includes (i) the identification of the cross-sectoral interactions and feedbacks involved in shaping the Belt's system behavior over time; (ii) the identification of the feedbacks within each sector that drive the state variables in that sector; and (iii) the description of a new fish sector and modifications to the population, food, energy, and water sectors, including the underlying theoretical basis for model equations. The validation and robustness tests confirm that the ANEMI_Yangtze model can be used to support scenario development, policy assessment, and decision-making. This study aims to improve the understanding of the complex interactions among coupled human–natural systems in the Belt to provide the foundation for science-based policies for the sustainable development of the Belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic growth in the new normal is no longer limited to the total amount and scale of economic growth in the traditional and neoclassical periods, but has changed to "quality" and "development" under the dual requirements of historical changes and tasks of the times. The quality of regional economic growth is an important part of the quality of China's economic development and an important part of the quality of China's economic development in the new era. Therefore, this paper proposes a BP neural network based on visual recognition in a regional economic prediction model and conducts application experiments. This regional economic forecasting model is relying on data technology for economic panel data mining, then graphical processing of panel data, followed by the selection of visual recognition technology for economic panel map analysis, to derive its various component coefficients, and finally then using the BP neural network to fit the prediction, at the same time, through long-term and short-term prediction, to predict the future development quality of each region's change trends and fluctuations, to predict the institution's role, so as to avoid major transitions and deteriorating alarms, and to provide support for the macroregulation of regional economic development quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, several studies have assessed whether foreign aid plays an active role in promoting economic growth of the recipient country, but to date, it is still an unresolved question. Based on the case of Japan's aid to China, this paper uses the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to evaluate the economic effect of aid, compared with the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The results reveal the following: (1) In the OLS model, Japanese aid to China surprisingly hampered China's economic growth. (2) In the GWR model, the Japanese aid's effectiveness appears a noticeable regional differentiation in line with both the orientation and extent of aid. (3) In the GTWR model, however, the economic effectiveness of aid changes both over time and in space. The spatiotemporal heterogeneous relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in a recipient country challenges the traditional belief that aid either can or cannot promote the recipient country's economic growth. This finding provides a new perception of the economic effectiveness of aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's need for rapid economic growth and its hunger for natural resources significantly challenge its economic and policy vision of sustainability, social stability and economic development. The 'Beautiful China Initiative' plans to put China on the path of sustainable development in line with the United Nations' 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development GoaSls. The Chinese authorities are expected to reconsider traditional economic policy models to integrate environmental protection while ensuring that their economy proliferates. The shift from a traditional and heavy coal-dependent economy towards greener energy and a sustainable economic model brings additional challenges to China due to its historical dependence on coal as its energy engine. This research paper examines causality patterns between economic growth and fossil fuels energy consumption by analysing coal consumption and carbon dioxide emissions policies using Pesaran's autoregressive distributed lag model. The research findings offer insights into China's challenges to transition towards a more sustainable economic model, making the country's 'Beautiful China Initiative' quite complex as it needs to navigate through high levels of environment-friendly economic growth whilst trying to avoid the middle-income trap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We extend the notion of globalized robustness to consider distributional information beyond the support of the ambiguous probability distribution. We propose the globalized distributionally robust counterpart that disallows any (respectively, allows limited) constraint violation for distributions residing (respectively, not residing) in the ambiguity set. By varying its inputs, our proposal recovers several existing perceptions of parameter uncertainty. Focusing on the type 1 Wasserstein distance, we show that the globalized distributionally robust counterpart has an insightful interpretation in terms of shadow price of globalized robustness, and it can be seamlessly integrated with many popular optimization models under uncertainty without incurring any extra computational cost. Such computational attractiveness also holds for other ambiguity sets, including the ones based on probability metric, optimal transport, ϕ-divergences, or moment conditions, as well as the event-wise ambiguity set. Numerical studies on an adaptive network lot-sizing problem demonstrate the modeling flexibility of our proposal and its emphases on globalized robustness to constraint violation. History: Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Continuous. Funding: Z. Chen was supported by [General Research Fund Grant 9043424, NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme N_CityU105/21] from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council. S. Wang was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71922020, 72171221, and 71988101, entitled "Econometric Modeling and Economic Policy Studies"] and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant UCAS-E2ET0808X2]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information (https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0274) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository (https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0274). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In studies of low consumption in China, there is a lack of consideration of land policy, which may be an important factor contributing to the industrial structure, thus impacting consumption. This paper explores the relationship between local governments' distorted land supply strategies and final consumption and its mechanism of action based on panel data for 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2017, using a fixed-effects panel model and a mediating-effects model. The results show that (1) the ratio of industrial land supply area to the land supply area of commercial and residential significantly suppresses the final consumption rate, and the results remain significant after robustness tests; (2) the effect of land supply structure on final consumption is related to the development strategy adopted by local governments and the urban–rural inequity, thus showing heterogeneity, with regions with high economic growth and large urban–rural income gaps further contributing to the suppression of consumption rates; (3) the intermediation effect suggests that the structure of land supply affects consumption through the industrial structure. As land supply favors the development of industrial enterprises, it increases the ratio of gross capital formation to GDP and can have a crowding-out effect on the income of the household sector, thus reducing the rate of final consumption. Under the Chinese decentralization system, in order to achieve regional economic development, local governments intervene in the allocation of land resources among different industries through differentiated land supply strategies, resulting in an industrial structure dominated by the secondary industry, which has an important impact on consumption. Therefore, the reform of the land supply structure should be accelerated to restrain the excessive intervention of local governments in the land supply structure and promote the transformation of the economic development model to enhance consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievements of China's reform and opening up in the past 40 years have contributed to the great transformation of China's economic model and accelerated industrialization reform. With the emergence of the supply chain model, the traditional resistance to economic development is reversed, and fresh impetus is injected into economic development. Fresh products are the primary target of the supply chain service, so it is of high academic significance to study its stability. Fresh products, as the principal components of agricultural products, have supported half of the operations of the supply chain model. It is of great help to study the purchase of fresh products in various regions by analyzing the Internet economy of purchasing from a new perspective of the relational decision model of fresh product purchasing. Based on the reasonable planning of the supply chain, this model can support the economic profit of fresh products quickly, which will be analyzed and discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of separating the affiliated businesses from rail operations and the associated efficiency gain on firms' exporting decisions by rail. First, an economic model was built to analytically show that an efficiency improvement in rail operations would increase the firm's product variety but decreases the skewness of export by rail. The paper then utilized China's rail reform to separate the affiliated businesses from the rail sector in 2003 as a quasi-natural experiment and adopted the difference-in-differences (DID) method to empirically verify and quantify the analytical findings. Specifically, it is found the reform to separate the affiliated businesses significantly improved the efficiency of China's rail operations. The resultant efficiency gain then encouraged firms to export by rail, with more variety of export products and higher value. More importantly, the firm's skewness of export by rail has also been reduced. The relevant policy implications have also been provided. • This paper considers China's rail reform to separate the affiliated businesses from the rail sector in 2003. • We examine the effects of the reform on the efficiency of rail operations and the product mix of export by rail. • We find that the reform improved the efficiency of China's rail operations. • Firms' skewness of export by rail was reduced by the reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper constructs an economic growth model that contains human, physical capital, innovation, and energy factors and estimates the output elasticity of seven provinces and cities in East China in the period of 2004–2018. Having calculated the contribution rate of these different factors to economic growth, the paper finds that factors of production have a different elasticity that impacts the growth of different regions and industries and notes that energy and physical capital are the most significant factors for the growth of primary and secondary industries. This highlights that industrial growth has not freed from the path dependence of extensive input, and the authors cite Shanghai and Jiangsu as typical regions in this regard. The former's growth largely depends on physical capital and energy, and the latter's growth depends on the input of diverse elements including innovation. The latter is better suited to the needs of the "new normal" economic growth. The authors construct a simulation model of economic growth based on system dynamics, and system simulation results show that energy and material capital investment not only have the most significant effect on economic growth in East China but also provide clear evidence of extensive economic growth. The paper then demonstrates that increasing the optimal allocation of input factors and the rational flow between regions is conducive to improving output efficiency and provides the results of the Malmquist index calculation: on the whole, there is no obvious technological progress in East China. Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are, however, provincial-level regions of this part of the country which demonstrate significant technological progress in East China. In conclusion, the paper suggests that this region of China will be unable to maintain its current level of economic growth because of the combined influence of factor input constraints and insufficient technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the influence of approaches to the economic mechanisms formation for managing supply chains on export and import volumes as well as local cargo transportation. Design/methodology/approach: The study outlines that the information technology use, in particular, highly specialized supply chain management (SCM) software, is necessary for the effective functioning of global supply chains (GSCs). For the purposes of the one-factor regression models of the relationship between the signs for the analyzed factors, volume of external cargo transportation, volume of internal cargo transportation and amount of investment in SCM software were built, and the correlation coefficients were also determined. The research was based on data of the Russian Federation, China and Germany. Findings: According to the results, for local cargo transportation for all three counties (Russian Federation: R² = 0.3679, China: R² = 0.441, Germany: 0.441), the correlation coefficients indicated no connection between the factors under study, while for external ones, they denoted a strong direct relationship: Russian Federation: R² = 0.906, China: R² = 0.8692, Germany: 0.926. It is statistically confirmed that external transportations are carried out by enterprises involved in GSCs, while the local ones are mainly performed by the domestic market-oriented companies. Originality/value: The study presents a model for the formation of economic mechanisms of SCM from the perspective of a systemic approach. It allows for structural analysis of the SCM strategy's impact on the functioning of participants within three management levels (corporate, business and functional). The study contributes to the practical domain of SCM: the results of the study can be applied by top managers of companies in developing SCM strategies, as well as by officials in developing and implementing governmental supply chain-related policies. In terms of scientific contribution, the research can also be of use: its methods and results can be applied by scientists in researching approaches to the economic mechanisms formation for managing supply chains on export and import volumes, as well as local cargo transportation in various countries and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of the United States-led Indo-Pacific (IPAC) and the China-led Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an exercise in power to reshape the geopolitics of Asia-Pacific. Under the IPAC metageography, China is potentially excluded while the US's security border is extended to the Indian Ocean. BRI, on the other hand, has been advanced as an alternative model of economic globalization and diplomacy that is characterized by open and fluid borders. In this paper, we draw on a geoeconomic lens using oil/gas and the solar energy trade to shed light on Asia-Pacific's changing metageography. Power is constituted through relational coupling and decoupling as China and the US are locked in geoeconomic competition that expands but also contracts imaginaries of the region. The findings suggest that neither China nor the US holds a relational advantage in all energy sectors; each country however leads in sub-sectors. China, BRI and Asian IPAC are all significant importers of US oil and gas while China's solar trade has accelerated regional integration that includes the US. The paper concludes that China's exclusion from IPAC is not consistent with the geoeconomic realities of energy trade. BRI on the other hand has staked its success as an anti-colonial space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Examining the problem of capital allocation efficiency in China from the perspective of air pollution. • Constructing a new indicator of capital allocation efficiency, measured using actual capital productivity over potential capital productivity. • Constructing a mechanism for air pollution to affect capital allocation efficiency in terms of innovation activities and human capital accumulation channels. • The effect of air pollution on capital allocation efficiency and its heterogeneity are empirically analyzed. As China seeks to transition to a high-quality economic development model, improving its capital allocation efficiency serves as a means to revitalize the capital stock and facilitate a shift from an investment-driven growth approach to an innovation-driven one. By exploring the relationship between air pollution and capital allocation efficiency, new avenues for promoting high-quality economic development can be identified. This paper develops a theoretical analysis framework that posits the mechanisms by which air pollution affect capital allocation efficiency through innovation activities and human capital channels. Based on the data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019, this paper introduces an innovative method to evaluate capital allocation efficiency. Further, using a panel two-way fixed-effects model to examine the impact of air pollution on capital allocation efficiency and its mechanisms. The findings show that ① the intensification of air pollution reduces capital allocation efficiency and the above findings pass the robustness tests. ② The results of heterogeneity analysis show that there is significant heterogeneity in the effect of air pollution on capital allocation efficiency. The intensification of the air pollution significantly inhibits capital allocation efficiency in inland areas, small and medium-scale cities, after 2013, and in areas with high foreign economic dependence. ③ The results of mechanism analysis shows that the intensification of the air pollution will inhibit capital allocation efficiency by suppressing innovation activities and human capital accumulation channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon intensity is one of the key indexes in the process of decarbonizing development. Therefore, our paper investigates possible pathways of China's carbon intensity to 2050 depending on China's development stage and trends. We first investigate the major influence factors of carbon intensity based on the Kaya identity, and then forecast China's future carbon intensity with a generalized regression neural network model coupled with a scenario analysis with official data from 1978 to 2020. Our results show that: (1) China's carbon intensity will decrease under the benchmark growth, high growth, and low growth scenarios but vary by amounts and rates of decrease due to the settings of the influences factors; (2) China is able to achieve the reduction targets of 2025 under the benchmark growth and low growth scenario, but cannot achieve the target under the high grow scenario. However, China can meet its reduction target by 2030 in all scenarios. (3) The Chinese government should aim to reduce carbon intensity by 23–25%, 40–44% and 64–70% by 2035, 2040 and 2050 as compared to the level in 2030. Therefore, China should keep promoting the deep low-carbon transformation of economic development model, and realize high-quality economic development in order to achieve these objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's housing distribution system has undergone a major transformation, and the country's housing markets have experienced a rapid price increase. However, the extent to which urban housing prices influence female labor participation (FLP) in labor decision-making and how the FLP rate affects economic development has not been suficiently investigated. Accordingly, we first build a theoretical neoclassical economic development model that includes housing consumption factors to estimate the effect of housing price dynamics on FLP. We then use the 2017 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database to empirically estimate the intrinsic relationship between urban housing prices, FLP, and economic development through the lens of the balanced growth path, and we come up with four main findings. First, the theoretical model demonstrates that rising housing prices increase FLP, stimulating economic development. However, an excessive increase in housing prices will undermine women's ability to drive economic development. Second, the empirical evidence shows that a unit increase in housing prices increases the probability of FLP by 0.186%. Third, the effects of housing prices on economic development vary across China's Eastern, Central, and Northeastern regions. Finally, the threshold model shows that FLP positively influences economic development until the housing price logarithm reaches 8.8134, after which FLP's beneficial effect on economic development will be diminished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of dry ports has reshaped the international freight shipping market, introducing both competition pressure (i.e., the common hinterland) and cooperation opportunities (sea-rail intermodal) for seaports. This is more evident in China with the development of the China Railway Express. Unlike dry ports, seaports are more vulnerable to climate change-related disasters, calling for investment in adaptation measures. This paper examines how co-opetition with the dry port affects seaport adaptation investment using a two-stage game-theoretical economic model. Results indicate that cooperation leads to more seaport adaptation investment, while competition results in reduced investment. When compared to the social optimal level of adaptation investment, the seaport tends to under-invest (over-invest) when the cooperation (competition) market size is larger. We also analyze how government subsidies in the seaport's adaptation help achieve optimal social adaptation and how the Knightian uncertainty of the disaster occurrence affects seaport adaptation investments. The relevant policy implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a panel data sample of 30 resource-based cities (hereinafter referred to as R-B cities) in China from 2009 to 2019, constructs the green economic efficiency level (hereinafter referred to as GEE) using the super-SBM model, incorporates the GEE value into the endogenous economic growth model, combines the difference equation and the level equation, and estimates the relationship between the green efficiency level and economic growth using the systematic GMM method. The study came to the following major conclusions: First, green development in Chinese resource-based cities is moderately high, and green economic efficiency varies by region, with a relatively low level of GEE in the central region and a relatively high level of GEE in the eastern and western regions. Second, on both static and dynamic dimensions, Chinese resource-based cities can be classified into seven types based on their level of green development. Third, the GEE of Chinese resource-based cities has a significant positive relationship with economic growth, with the effect of green economic efficiency on economic growth being stronger in the central and northeastern regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of environment-behavior studies plays an important role in studying the renewal of shantytowns. One of the most humane ways of renewal is designing and constructing the necessary urban spatial environment from the perspective of human daily behavior. Most of the shantytown renovation projects currently carried out in China are mainly focused on demolition and reconstruction, which not only incurs high costs but also damages the original social structure and economic model. During the process of shantytown renewal, it should improve the urban landscape, living environment, and life quality of residents, and ensure the daily life of shantytown residents without increasing their economic burden, and preserve the traces of urban development. In order to achieve this goal, it should explore the renewal strategies of shantytowns from the perspective of environment-behavior studies through behavior maps, on-site research, and literature review. Updating and design from a human perspective often achieve faster and better development; the renewal of shantytowns should be a bottom-up approach and start from a grassroots perspective, completing the renovation design through the composition of the population and behavioral patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, struggling to balance environmental protection and economic growth is fundamental for the transformation of economic growth model in future. This research uses the dynamic DEA model and incorporates it into non-radial DDF. Then, the research estimates the provincial environmental performance in China during the observation period. Taking into account technological heterogeneity, in this study, the evaluated provinces are divided into two groups (temperate region and tropical and subtropical regions). The empirical findings reveal the following. (1) Most of the provinces have considerable room for enhancement in environmental performance. (2) The environmental performance of provinces in temperate regions is obviously worse than that of those in the tropical and subtropical regions. (3) Provinces in temperate region should improve environmental efficiency by reducing both their technology gap and managerial inefficiency compared to those in the tropical and subtropical regions. Considering in future that China's population will continue to shift from inland areas to coastal areas, especially large coastal cities, each province should take targeted policies to improve environmental performance according to their own situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the reform and opening up, China's market economy has gradually prospered, and the development of various industries and their products has become a key research issue of the government. In the context of big data, this article believes that future industrial development should be driven by big data. At the same time, the advent of the era of big data will surely bring about changes in the marketing model of products in the economic zone. This article puts forward the research on product marketing model based on big data mining algorithm, the purpose is to do a detailed investigation of the core algorithm of data mining, in order to improve the marketing efficiency of enterprises and reduce the investment and loss of marketing. The method of this paper is to study the Hadoop parallel framework and the K-Means algorithm in the mining algorithm to collaboratively filter the big data mining algorithm, and integrate these algorithms into the marketing process. These methods can recommend products to target users based on their previous interests and other users who have similar interests. Finally, this article sorts the web pages according to the PageRank value of each node in order to achieve the purpose of accurately recommending products to customers. Through the K-means algorithm mining data experiment and financial product marketing examples, this article puts forward some suggestions and measures for the marketing model. The experimental results show that the customer response rate of precision marketing is 11.92 % higher than that of ordinary marketing, and the sales efficiency of marketers has improved significantly. In addition, precision marketing is better than ordinary marketing in many aspects such as the proportion of large orders, average consumption price, and refund rate. • This article puts forward the research on product marketing model based on big data mining algorithm. • The purpose is to do a detailed investigation of the core algorithm of data mining, in order to improve the marketing efficiency of enterprises and reduce the investment and loss of marketing. • The method of this paper is to study the Hadoop parallel framework and the K-Means algorithm in the mining algorithm to collaboratively filter the big data mining algorithm, and integrate these algorithms into the marketing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a multinational multiregional computable general equilibrium (MMCGE) model to analyze the economic impacts of connecting two missing links on Asian Highway Route 1 (AH1) in 20 Northeast Asian regions. The major sources of economic benefits from the completion of two cross‐border transportation networks connecting Japan and China via the Korean peninsula are travel time (cost) reductions and decreased transportation rate. These variables are major shocks to the model, which identifies wider economic benefits through the supply and demand linkages among economic agents in these nations. In terms of the spillover effects on the 20 regions, the best alternative among the three proposed development projects is the redevelopment and operation of the North Korea Highway between South Korea and China. The development of the AH1 section from Tokyo, Japan to Dongbei, in Northeast China, has a synergy effect on the Chinese economy, generating 0.538% GDP growth. Our simulation of the model provides public agents and stockholders with analytical and strategic insights into the investment efficiency, effectiveness, and priority level of the proposed highway project in terms of national and regional economic goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western cities have been confronted with the challenges of 'urban shrinkage' as changes in economic and production models have caused population migrations. China, in its recent history, has experienced rapid and dynamic growth in its cities. However, as its economy is evolving, it too is being confronted with 'urban shrinkage' challenges. Populations have been shifting inside small and medium sized cities in response to problems created during this rapid growth period. Most heritage areas have suffered from depopulation, neglect and disinvestment. The historic Puhuiquan neighborhood in Yulin City is a classic example of the current Chinese version of 'urban shrinkage'. Yulin City, founded as a military city five centuries ago, has shifted its focus away from its historic purpose into a resource-based city. Yulin's planning developed new areas, drawing population out of the historic Puhuiquan neighborhood. This area is the home to a unique urban cultural landscape where land and architecture have merged to create the development of various types of 'cave' houses. Suffering from the effects of 'urban shrinkage', this research explores the causes and potential solutions for the area employing both 'smart shrinkage' and 'urban renewal' strategies, informed by local resident participation, to develop a sustainable renewal strategy for this heritage area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In regional development studies, GDP serves as an important indicator for evaluating the developing levels of a region. However, due to statistical methods and possible human-induced interfering factors, GDP is also a commonly criticized indicator for less accurately assessing regional economic development in a dynamic environment, especially during a globalized era. Moreover, common data collection approaches are often challenging to obtain in real-time, and the assessments are prone to inaccuracies. This is especially true in economically underdeveloped regions where data are often less frequently or accurately collected. In recent years, Nighttime Light (NTL) data have emerged as a crucial supplementary data source for regional economic development evaluation and analysis. We adapt this approach and attempt to integrate multiple sources of spatial data to provide a new perspective and more effective tools for economic development evaluation. In our current study, we explore the integration of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data and NTL data in regional studies, and apply a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model (GTWR) for modeling and evaluating regional economic development. Our results suggest that: (1) when using OSM data as a single data source for economic development evaluation, the adjusted R2 value is 0.889. When using NTL data as a single data source for economic development evaluation, the adjusted R2 value is 0.911. However, the fitting performance of OSM data with GDP shows a gradual improvement over time, while the fitting performance of NTL data exhibits a gradual decline starting from the year 2014; (2) Among the economic evaluation models, the GTWR model demonstrates the highest accuracy with an AICc value of 49,112.71, which is 2750.94 lower than the ordinary least squares (OLS) model; (3) The joint modeling of OSM data with NTL data yields an adjusted R2 value of 0.956, which is higher than using either one of them alone. Moreover, this joint modeling approach demonstrates excellent fitting performance, particularly in economically underdeveloped regions, providing a potential alternative for development evaluation in data-poor regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the new energy industry represented by photovoltaics has become the main force to realize the optimization of China's energy structure and the goal of "double carbon"; with the absence of land resources, the waterborne bifacial photovoltaic has ushered in a new opportunity. Therefore, in order to address the problem that the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaics (PV) could not take into account, the dynamic economic performance in the control process, an economic model predictive control (EMPC), is proposed in this work to realize the MPPT of the waterborne bifacial PV power generation system. Firstly, the model of the bifacial PV module is constructed by combining the ray-tracing irradiance model and considering the effect of water surface albedo on the irradiance absorbed by the module. Secondly, the EMPC controller is designed based on the state-space model of the system to maximize the power generation as the economic performance index, and to solve the optimal input variables time by time to achieve a rolling optimization with the operational requirements of the system itself as the constraints. Thirdly, the MATLAB/Simulink (R2022a) simulation experimental results verify that the EMPC strategy could be utilized to achieve MPPT of the waterborne bifacial PV power generation system, according to the changes of environment. Finally, it is also demonstrated that the bifacial PV power generation system that employed the EMPC strategy outperformed the traditional MPPT algorithm, with respect to both output power tracking velocity and accuracy, and the power generation could be improved by about 6% to 14.5%, which significantly enhances the system's dynamic process economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By constructing a "financial accelerator" model that combines real estate assets and heterogenous enterprises, we use China's housing price data to explore the effect of real estate assets on corporate debt and macroeconomic stability in the context of the Chinese economy. Based on the dynamic economic characteristics of the model, we find that the financial accelerator mechanism of housing prices further amplifies the various effects of housing price fluctuations when transmitted to the macroeconomic system, resulting in the size of corporate debt closely related to the economic boom–bust cycles. However, owing to the institutional factors, heterogenous firms have some differences in debt stability under the influence of asset price fluctuations. There is an obvious crowding-out effect of state-owned enterprise (SOE) credit on private-owned enterprise (POE) credit, and the existence of the implicit guarantee ratio of SOE credit will weaken the external financing constraints on the SOE and promote the expansion of SOE credit. Finally, the effect of fiscal and monetary policies on corporate debt stability is somewhat divergent, institutional factors can similarly weaken policy effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on sustainable business models and climate change is the focus of this article, which examines the industry, business and sustainability which has attracted a lot of attention. Because of this, we are investigating the effects of implementing business sustainability capabilities using a multiple-case methodology. An original report on China's small- and medium-sized businesses provided the data for this study that examined the theoretical and empirical relationships between financial literacy, innovation and environmental conservation. We devised a conceptual model to demonstrate the impact of corporate sustainability skills and competencies on climate change. Endogeneity concerns connected to financial literacy, innovation and ecological sustainability necessitate the employment of an instrumental variable for climate change. After adjusting for individual and firm characteristics, we found that financial literacy may substantially impact a company's sustainable business model. The findings suggest that financial literacy may boost company innovations by relieving financial restrictions and enhancing corporate governance, both of which contribute to the development of sustainable businesses that assist in increasing climate change mitigation efforts. On the other hand, innovation has a more significant influence on low-leverage companies. There was also a lot of talk about climate change, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change in the business context. This research, therefore, sheds light on how business sustainability capabilities and competencies might improve a company's environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrowing the gap in regional innovation efficiency is conducive to the coordinated development of regional economies. Fiscal science and technology (S&T) expenditure is the government's primary means of supporting regional innovation. It also plays an essential role in improving the efficiency of regional innovation. This study constructs a spatial convergence economic model based on a dynamic perspective. It also examines the relationship between fiscal S&T expenditure and spatial convergence of regional innovation efficiency. China's regional innovation efficiency shows a trend of conditional β-convergence. Fiscal S&T expenditure positively affects the spatial convergence of regional innovation efficiency and has an inverted U-shaped, nonlinear relationship as a whole. The transmission mechanism test revealed that the cross-regional flow of research and development (R&D) personnel can enhance this positive effect, and the role of R&D capital is not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hou, P. and Wu, J., 2019. Construction of path selection model for economic development of coastal rural leisure industry. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 843–849. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Some achievements have been made in the economic development of coastal rural leisure industry in China, but there is still a certain gap between the overall level and the economic development level of international coastal rural leisure industry. This paper puts forward a path selection model of coastal rural leisure industry economic development based on grid sub-regional feature matching, adopts irregular triangulation network planning method to search the economic development path of coastal rural leisure industry oriented to Internet of things technology, and establishes a subregional feature matching model of coastal rural leisure industry economic development path. The adaptive grid block fusion method is used to plan and design the economic development path of coastal rural leisure industry, and the statistical characteristics of node positioning of coastal rural leisure industry economic development path are extracted. Combined with the relevant fuzzy constraint method, the economic development path selection of coastal rural leisure industry is realized, and the adaptive equilibrium ability of coastal rural leisure industry economic development path selection is improved. The simulation results show that this method has good adaptability and high equilibrium level in the economic development path selection of coastal rural leisure industry, and has good application value in the path selection and planning of coastal rural leisure industry economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yu, J., 2019. Real economic development model of coastal cities based on point and axis development theory. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 791–797. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The regional particularity of the coastal city determines the direction of its economic development, and the economic development mode of the coastal city mainly focuses on the seafood culture, the coastal tourism and the foreign trade port, processing and so on. In order to quantify and analyze that economic development model of the coastal urban entity, the economic development model of the coastal urban entity based on the point-axis development theory is put forward. In this paper, the effective way to study the economic development of the coastal urban entities in the context of the innovation and driving development is studied, and the main difficulties facing the economic and innovation development of the current coastal urban entities are analyzed, and the development bottleneck of the economic development of the current coastal urban entities is found. The quantitative evaluation and analysis model of the economic development model of the coastal urban entity based on the quantitative regression analysis is constructed, and the panel data fusion analysis of the economic development mode of the coastal urban entity is realized by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. By adopting the fuzzy correlation constraint control method, the innovation driving planning and design of the economic development mode of the coastal urban entity is carried out, and the correlation analysis of the profit level and the profit quality of the economic enterprise of the coastal urban entity is realized. The validity of the economic development model of the coastal city is realized by combining the statistical analysis and the test method. Taking the economic example of the 200 coastal cities of China's coastal port cities as an example, the empirical analysis shows that the model can effectively and continuously innovate and drive the quantitative assessment of the economic development model of the coastal urban entities under the sustainable innovation driving strategy. The net profit rate index of the total assets of the coastal city solid economic enterprise is steadily improved, and the risk-risk ability of the coastal city solid economic enterprise is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]