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Since the end of the Cold War, millions of migrants from Eastern Europe have sought better opportunities in Western European countries, yet few studies have assessed the impact of such moves on these migrants' children. In the aim of isolating a 'treatment effect' of migration on educational outcomes, this study analyzes Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores from 2012, 2015, and 2018 for adolescents born in twelve Eastern European countries and living in eight Western European countries. It employs propensity-score matching within a homeland dissimilation framework, comparing immigrants' outcomes on reading, math, and science assessments to similar stay-at-homes in their countries of origin. In unadjusted comparisons to their counterparts who remained behind, migrant children attain lower scores across all three subjects. Once immigrant children are matched to non-immigrants with similar propensities to migrate, the disparity for math scores disappears, while those for reading and science remain. Disparities are wider for adolescents who come from within the EU, migrate at older ages, or speak a foreign language at home. This paper indicates the need for policymakers and educational administrators to better handle the negative academic effects that migration can have on children from within Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern pedagogical theories have begun to spread in special education in Romania, which uses specific methods for the recovery and education of children with disabilities, but has remained deficient in terms of integration of children with disabilities in public schools in Romania, due to the lack of specialists at national level to use specific methodologies in a differentiated manner. A 2007 OECD synthesis report on education policies for at-risk and disabled pupils in South-Eastern Europe identifies factors considered to be "barriers or facilitators to inclusion" and equity in education in all countries covered by the assessment. These include: the economic situation of the country, the legal framework, poor diagnosis, lack of pre-school education for some at-risk groups, lack of quality of education for children with ESC in mainstream schools, lack of statistical data, insufficient teacher training, negative attitudes towards children who do not have disabilities (bullying) which generate marginalisation, inadequate attitudes of their parents and teachers in mainstream schools, prejudice, 'lack of responsibility, oversized classes, very demanding work' for both pupils and teachers, insufficient resources, limited access to other complementary services, difficulty in implementing a multidisciplinary approach, lack of a system for monitoring individual children's progress. Our paper aims to analyse the extent to which our country is able to respond to the major challenge of remedying all these unfavourable aspects, in the shortest time possible, through a holistic approach, integrating the education system, the health system, the social welfare system and all relevant actors, in order to support the inclusive and remedial education of children with special educational needs and their integration into society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Discrepancies between the outcomes of cancer patients between Western European and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have often been observed. Despite the enormous economic and civilizational progress made in these countries after the abolishment of the communist regime, structural problems persist. Summary: The present article reviews the domains of medical oncology education, human resources in oncology, cancer care, and clinical research in CEE in order to comprehensively assess the current situation and needs, describe important initiatives, and also propose ways to improving cancer outcomes in the region. Activities are under way to address these issues in national action plans to divert funding into oncology-related education, research, the purchase of equipment, and the attainment of modern hospital organization and structures. Key Message: Over the past more than 30 years, CEE countries have made enormous economic and societal progress. Nevertheless, challenges especially in the health care sector persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]