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In this paper, a dual-active bridge converter based on the utilization of two transformers is presented. The principles of operation, switching strategy, and transmission power characteristics of the proposed converter under normal operation are discussed, comprehensively. Moreover, the RMS current of two transformers with different values of inductances of the inductors that are in series with the transformers; is discussed. The operation of the proposed dual active bridge (DAB) converter under the open-circuit failure of transformers is studied. In addition, the loss distribution of the proposed converter in different powers is investigated. The proposed dual-transformer-based dual-active bridge converter is compared with the presented converters. Finally, the proposed converter with a low-voltage side (VL= 300 V), the switching frequency of power MOSFETs (fs= 50 kHz), and an accurate model of the electric battery at a high-voltage side (VH= 450 V) are simulated to verify the way of charging and discharging the electrical battery with the proposed converter under normal and open-circuit fault of transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a synthesis of the author contributions in developing a new class of DC-DC hybrid converters (HDC) with large voltage conversion ratio. The HDC structures are obtained by introducing commutated inductive and capacitive cells in the classical DC-DC converters. With these topologies, the voltage conversion ratio is larger, at the same duty cycle, compared with the classical converters. The paper presents some of the developed configurations, with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow, and some corresponding applications in renewable energy conversion and automotive industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and application of a boost converter operated in continuous conduction mode for 15 W, with a 25 kHz switching frequency using an inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL), pi, inductor capacitor (LC) with damping, and LC electromagnetic interference filters. Also, modeling and analysis of the boost converter in terms of state space and small signal are given. Furthermore, the effect of each filter on differential mode (DM) noise and control characteristics is presented using root locus and bode diagrams, which are not detailed in the literature for the boost converter. All results obtained from applications and simulations are compared. Moreover, frequency spectrums are given to compare DM noises. As a result, from a control point of view, the LCL filter provides better results, and for reducing DM noise, the LC and pi filters are superior to others. Besides, the LCL filter reduces the inductor value by 30% compared to other filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, several types of microstrip power divider are studied and compared in terms of harmonics suppression and size reductions. The importance of this research lies in the fact that power dividers are critical components in various communication systems, and their performance directly affects the overall system efficiency. The conventional structure of the power divider has an acceptable performance at operating frequency in terms of excellent output ports isolation, low insertion loss, and high return loss, but occupies large size and passes unwanted signals at higher frequencies along with desired signal without any suppression. Harmonics are popular distortion and has different distortion impacts in many different facilities. Recently, several techniques are introduced to overcome these drawbacks. Applied open stubs, applied resonators, lumped reactive components such as capacitors and inductors, coupled lines, defected ground structure (DGS), and electronic band gaps are common methods, which are widely used to overcome these drawbacks. Finally, the study results show that the resonatorbased power dividers and coupled-line-based power dividers have good performances in terms of size reduction and harmonic suppression but increase insertion loss parameter. Furthermore, the lumped reactive component-based power dividers and applied DGS and electromagnetic bandgap cells suppress unwanted harmonics, but they need extra process to fabrication, which is undesirable. Moreover, the open-stub-based power dividers have moderate performance with simple structure, but size reduction and harmonics suppression are not so superior in this method. Overall, the results of this study can be used to design power dividers for desirable applications with high performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The switched‐capacitor DC‐DC converters have been widely applied to convert energy from low voltage to DC bus for the power generation systems with fuel cells, photovoltaic array, and so on. However, the large capacitance is generally selected to eliminate the high current spike of switched‐capacitors in the hard‐switching switched‐capacitor (SC) DC‐DC converters, which will lead to the large volume and weight of capacitors and of converters. To solve this problem, a non‐resonant soft‐switching (NRSS) technique with linear current on switching cycle time‐scale for switched‐capacitor DC‐DC converters is first proposed in this paper, which achieves zero‐current‐switching (ZCS) turn‐on of switches and ZCS turn‐off of diodes with linear current on switching cycle time‐scale. In detail, the NRSS technique is proposed based on the idea that the current of an auxiliary inductor on switching cycle time‐scale is considered as the linear parts for the resonant current of the auxiliary inductor on resonant cycle time‐scale. The proposed NRSS technique is utilized into SC DC‐DC converter and the current spikes of switches can be reduced to two third by using the same capacitance compared with the hard‐switching SC DC‐DC converters and be reduced to a third compared with the resonant soft‐switching SC DC‐DC converters. Further, nine new soft‐switching SC DC‐DC converters, with single switch and double switches, are built based on the proposed non‐resonant soft‐switching technique. Finally, the non‐resonant soft‐switching technique is verified theoretically and experimentally by three of the nine proposed SC DC‐DC converters. This paper provides a new way to realize soft‐switching during the non‐resonant interval on switching cycle time‐scale and a new method to significantly reduce the required capacitance in SC DC‐DC converters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informacije MIDEM: Journal of Microelectronics, Electronic Components & Materials is the property of MIDEM Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In applications where DC current is superimposed, such as inductors for non‐isolated DC‐DC converters, powder core can be considered as an attractive solution owing to its superior features such as: high saturation flux density, high Curie temperature, and soft‐saturation property. However, in powder cores, a drop of inductance appears prominently due to DC superimposition characteristics. This feature is not a desirable characteristic because it leads to an increase in the inductor ripple current under heavy load, which complicates the thermal design of power semiconductors and capacitors. This paper verifies the improvement of DC superimposition characteristics of powder cores by applying coupled inductors. First, the effect of coupled inductors on the improvement of DC superimposition characteristics is experimentally verified. Second, a measurement method for the DC superimposition characteristics of coupled inductor is proposed. Then, a magnetic circuit model is built using the measurement results. Finally, a coupled analysis of magnetic and electric circuits is performed, and it is confirmed that lower magnetic field operation can be realized by coupled inductors even under heavy load conditions. It has been proven that coupled inductors are effective in improving the DC superposition characteristics of the powder cores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a current step‐up converter for high‐gain applications by combining a buck‐boost converter and a Cuk converter to form a buck‐boost‐Cuk converter with a shared input terminal. In order to further improve the performance of the converter and reduce the number of components, the primary side and secondary side of the coupled inductor are respectively connected to different branches, so that the diode‐capacitor branch in this structure could be used as a voltage doubler branch, and performed as a passive clamp circuit to absorb leakage inductance energy, which suppressed the voltage spike generated by the parasitic capacitance and the leakage inductance of the resonance; to some extent, it reduced the voltage stress of the power switch. This paper analyzed the operating principle and performance of the converter, then made the parameter design for the proposed converter, and compared the performance of different converter systems. At last, this paper built a 150 W experimental prototype to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop a portable flash x-ray source, a compact explosive pulsed power source based on an explosive-driven ferroelectric generator (EDFEG) is investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper. The EDFEG is used as a primary power supply to charge a pulse capacitor, and then the capacitor outputs high current through an inductor and an electrical exploding opening switch (EEOS). Finally, a high voltage fast pulse is generated on a diode, which generates x rays. A circuit model was built to analyze the performance of this compact pulsed power source. A portable flash x-ray generator prototype was constructed in our laboratory. The typical experimental results illustrated that after metal wires of the EEOS exploded, a high-voltage fast pulse with a peak value of 180 kV, a rise time of 2.8 ns, and a pulse width of 30 ns was generated on the x-ray diode. Meanwhile, an x-ray pulse with a pulse width of 19 ns, a focus of about 1 mm, and a dose of 100 mR at 15 cm was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the low output voltage of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as photovoltaic arrays (PVAs) and fuel cells, a new multi-input DC/DC converter is presented in this paper. This converter is based on a combination of modified quadratic buck-boost converters, Switched Inductors (SIs), and Voltage Multiplier Modules (VMMs). The high voltage gain can be achieved by adjusting the duty cycle and turn ratio of the coupled inductor of VMM. This structure inherits all the advantages of the SEPIC converter and using a bidirectional input port (in which an Energy Storage System (ESS) can be connected) and several unidirectional input ports. The load power can be flexibly divided among various power sources. Due to the buck-boost characteristics of the presented converter, it is suitable to charge-discharge the ESS. A Coupled Inductor (CI) is used to couple energy from input to the output equipped with the VMM. Moreover, the use of SI reduces the rise time and ripple of the input current. The stability of the proposed converter against momentary changes of VPV and Ro is the main advantage of this converter. Moreover, considering a secondary ESS as Vi instead of PV allows the converter to be active 24 hours a day. In this converter, the use of two ESSs guarantees the supply of the required output power. In addition, two bidirectional input ports prepare the ESSs charging and discharging capabilities. To verify the analysis and feasibilities of the proposed converter, simulation results are presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the circuit of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) using active inductor (AI) input matching with common gate (CG) current-reused technique. This configuration is implemented in 90 nm CMOS and enables to achieve high power-gain (S21) with ultra-wideband (UWB) input matching at low power levels. Utilization of modified high-Q AI at the input side of the proposed LNA reduces the number of inductors and achieves UWB from only two inductors. Proposed LNA dissipates 10.4 mW from 1.0 V supply and exhibits an S21 response of 18.0 ± 0.8 dB for 3.1–10.6 GHz with a maximum and average S21 of 18.8 dB and 18.22 dB, respectively. The proposed LNA has noise-figure (NF) equal to 3.36–4.68 dB, with input (S11) and output (S22) reflection coefficients of less than −9.3 dB and −11.35 dB, respectively across the entire UWB range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) due to their superior power performance over other batteries. However, when connected in series, overcharged cells of LIBs face the risk of explosion, and undercharged cells decrease the life cycle of the battery. Eventually, the inconsistency phenomenon between cells resulting from manufacturing tolerance and usage process reduces the overall charging capacity of the battery and increases the risk of explosion after long-time use. Research has focused on synthesizing active material to achieve higher energy density and extended life cycle for LIBs while neglecting a comparative analysis of equalization technology on the performance of battery packs. In this paper, a nondissipative equalization structure is proposed to reconcile the inconsistency of series-connected LIB cells. In this structure, a circuit uses high-level equalization units to enable direct energy transfer between any two individual cells, and dual interleaved inductors in each equalization unit increase the equalization speed of a single cell in one equalization cycle by a factor of two. The circuit is compared with the classical inductor equalization circuit (CIEC), dual interleaved equalization circuit (DIEC), and parallel architecture equalization circuit (PAEC) in the states of standing, charging, and discharging, respectively, to validate the advantages of the proposed scheme. Considering the diversity of imbalance states, the state of charge (SOC) and terminal voltage are both chosen as the equalization criterion. The second-order RC model of the LIB and the adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) algorithm are employed for SOC estimation. For effective equalization, the adaptive fuzzy neural network (AFNN) is utilized to further reduce energy consumption and equalization time. The experiment results show that the AFNN algorithm reduces the total equalization time by approximately 37.4% and improves equalization efficiency by about 4.89% in contrast with the conventional mean-difference algorithm. Particularly, the experiment results of the equalization circuit verification certify that the proposed equalization structure can greatly accelerate the equalization progress and reduce the equalization loss compared to the other three equalization circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a high step‐up interleaved boost‐Cuk converter with integrated magnetic coupled inductor that is suitable for photovoltaic systems. By connecting the boost converter and the Cuk converter in parallel at the input terminal and the output terminal in series and integrating a coupled inductor voltage multiplier cell, the proposed converter achieves a higher voltage gain while retaining the continuous input and output current characteristics of the Cuk converter. The passive clamping branch is used to absorb the leakage inductance energy, which effectively suppresses the voltage spike generated by the switch parasitic capacitance and leakage inductance resonance and reduces the maximum voltage stress of the switch. The operation principle of the converter is analysed and the magnetic integration equivalent model and design criteria of the two coupled inductors are given. An array magnetic integrated structure is designed, which effectively reduces the DC bias inside the magnetic core. Finally, a 380 W experimental prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, one of deep learning methods, which has been very popular in recent years, is employed for the detection and classification of circuit components in hand-drawn circuit images. Each circuit component located in different positions on the scanned images of hand-drawn circuits, which are frequently used in electrical and electronics engineering, is considered as a separate object. In order to detect the components on the circuit image, Faster Region Based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) method is used instead of conventional methods. With the Faster R-CNN method, which has been developed in recent years to detect and classify objects, preprocessing on image data is minimized, and the feature extraction phase is done automatically. In the study, it is aimed to detect and classify four different circuit components in the scanned images of hand-drawn circuits with high accuracy by using the Python programming language on the Google Colab platform. The circuit components to be detected on the hand-drawn circuits are specified as resistor, inductor, capacitor, and voltage source. For the training of the model used, a data set was created by collecting 800 circuit images consisting of hand drawings of different people. For the detection of the components, the pretrained Faster R-CNN Inception V2 model was used after fine tuning and arrangements depending on the process requirements. The model was trained in 50000 epochs, and the success of the trained model has been tested on the circuits drawn in different styles on the paper. The trained model was able to detect circuit components quickly and with a high rate of performance. In addition, the loss graphics of the model were examined. The proposed method shows its efficiency by quickly detecting each of the 4 different circuit components on the image and classifying them with high performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a family of two‐ and three‐windings coupled inductor‐based impedance source networks. They have been basically derived from the successful quasi‐Y‐source network (q‐YSN) by replacing one of its capacitors with a diode with different combinations of coupled inductors and called diode assisted impedance source networks (DA‐ISNs). The general three‐windings version, called diode‐assisted Y‐source network (DA‐YSN), as the origin of all other simplified versions, is thoroughly investigated from various points of view. From the voltage gain characteristics aspect, it offers a higher voltage gain with the same number of elements as the conventional q‐YSN. Lower magnetizing and input current ripples show the higher power density of DA‐YSN in comparison to q‐YSN. The effectively reduced voltage stress and the total value of capacitors, and a considerable decreased conversion loss of the magnetic element are the other attractive features of DA‐YSN. With the advantages of a low input current ripple and a high voltage gain, DA‐ISNs can be suitable choices for renewable energy and distributed power generation systems. Operating principle, circuit analysis, and parameters design guidelines for DA‐YSN are thoroughly investigated. Also, the small‐signal modelling, analysis and the controller design are presented in this paper. Finally, the theoretical properties of DA‐YSN are scrutinized by performing extensive experiments on a 200 W laboratory prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new modified voltage differencing voltage transconductance amplifier (MVDVTA) based meminductor emulator circuit. The proposed emulator circuit is memristor-less, uses only a single active building block (ABB) and has simple circuitry. The MVDVTA based emulator design consists of only two capacitors and a single resistor. The performance of the proposed design has been verified over a wide frequency span. For simulation purpose LTSpice tool is used with 0.18µm CMOS technology. The proposed emulator has also been employed in chaotic oscillator and adaptive learning application circuit to verify its workability. The proposed design gives satisfactory performance for both the applications, hence confirming its functionality in practical environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a new interleaved buck converter with a high step-down conversion ratio and soft-switching. The soft-switching conditions for the main IGBTs are achieved with the aid of a simple auxiliary circuit, which comprises a resonant inductor, a resonant capacitor, and a diode. A new interleaved buck converter is realized by adopting two auxiliary circuits separately connected to each one of the legs to provide zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on operation. The major advantages of this converter are reduced switching losses, a high step-down ratio, reduced voltage stresses, and no limitation on duty ratio. To validate the theoretical analysis, a laboratory prototype of a 200 V-60 V converter system has been developed and achieved an efficiency of 96% at 250 W output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Latin-American Journal of Physics Education is the property of Latin-American Physics Education Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Design shielding devices to reduce the impact on other electrical equipment and protect the health of researchers. • Use simulation analysis to design shielding devices and conduct simulation tests. • The shielding device weakens the magnetic induction intensity and meets the standard requirements. • Use variance analysis to design the shielding device to achieve lightweight design. • Make a shielding device and conduct on-site tests to verify the shielding effect. The quench protection system is the most important safety equipment of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) project, which is used to protect asset security in the event of superconducting device quenching. Since the pulse inductor of the quench protection system works under extreme conditions, a strong induced magnetic field will be generated around the equipment, which will affect the normal operation of other electrical equipment in the inductor cabinet. Aiming at this situation, it is necessary to analyze the changing magnetic field of the inductor. This paper proposed a new shielding structure that can effectively reduce the magnetic induction around the inductor, and the effectiveness of the design was verified through simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen an increase in electrical crises due to the proliferation of automated inductors and electrical applications such as electric vehicles and mobile devices. The greater dispersion in the smart grid exposes it to risks like cyber-attacks, attenuation, and faulty detections that were not prevalent in conventional methods. The proposed machine learning-based renewable energy smart grid protector and controller (ReSGPC) using Kalman filters effectively controls and detects noise faults, cyberattacks, and attenuation, addressing the mentioned problems. Additionally, the proposed method has increased the efficiency of the smart grid due to its superior performance compared to conventional methods. This method provides an additional layer of protection for the system, safeguarding grid information. An optimal control law is developed to ensure the stability of the power network. The controller demonstrates significant improvements in effectiveness regardless of the initial values. Numerical simulations verify the developed approach, showing that the recommended method offers a more powerful line of attack. This strategy provides a crucial energy management framework for the smart grid, representing a reliable and system-based communication infrastructure with applications integrating renewable resources. Performance analysis reveals substantial improvements, with the proposed method achieving an efficiency increase of 0.25%, 0.42%, 0.32%, and 0.34% in Mean Squared Error (MSE) for ∆1, ∆2, ∆3, and ∆4 scenarios respectively, compared to existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes two newly developed quasi Z-source inverters (QZSI) based on two new diode-cells. The proposed inverters are called continuous diode assisted quasi Z-source inverter (CDQAZSI) and discontinuous diode assisted quasi Zsource inverter (DDQAZSI). These inverters are thoroughly examined in three modes: two-cell QZSI, three-cell QZSI, and n-cell QZSI that is called developed QZSI. Additionally, the equations of the diodes' voltage and current, capacitors' voltage stress, boost factor, inductor currents, and dc-link current are computed. All equations are given for the proposed generalized topologies. The major advantage of these inverters is the potential of deriving desired boost factor value devoid of extra elements. Furthermore, increasing the number of the diode-cells used in the proposed QZSI reduces the values of dc-link current, inductor current, and diode current. Lastly, to verify the performance of the proposed topologies, the practicality of the proposed QZSI is authenticated by experimental results through a laboratory prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common mode (CM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) has been a difficult subject in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis and design of power converters for electric vehicles (EV) because of its complex formation mechanism and hidden propagation path. This paper studies a new mechanism of CM conducted emission caused by the leakage flux of a toroidal inductor in the main circuit of a boost DC/DC converter. The stray magnetic source and the CM inducted loops are firstly identified out by simulation analysis and experiments. Then a comprehensive conducted emission circuit model including magnetic coupling parameters is built to explain this CM EMI formation mechanism. Finally, several effective magnetic coupling suppression methods are proposed and verified, such as changing the installation angle of the inductor and the shape of the magnetic core. The research results are helpful to the EMC understanding and design of power electronic converters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the wireless charging of an automated guided vehicle (AGV), the output voltage is unstable due to changes in parameters such as coil mutual inductance and load resistance caused by external interferences and internal mismatches of the system. In this paper, an integral sliding mode control method based on an unknown input observer (UIO) containing predictive equations is designed to build an inductor-capacitor-capacitor-series (LCC-S) topology model for wireless power transfer (WPT). The observer designed by this method can perceive changes in the secondary resistance parameter and the mutual inductance of the primary and secondary coils. The design with the prediction equation speeds up the convergence of the observer to the true value. The observer's compensation of the control system avoids the occurrence of integral oversaturation. The experimental results show that, based on the UIO-SMC system output, voltage can be accurately controlled to meet the requirement for a given voltage. The effect of suppressing disturbance is better than with SMC and PI control. When the system parameter changes, it has better voltage anti-interference performance and stronger ripple suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an interleaved zero voltage switching high step‐up converter based on active clamp, coupled inductor (CI), built‐in transformer (BIT), and switched capacitor (SC) is proposed. The main novelty of the proposed converter is that the secondary winding of the CI is inserted between the primary winding of the CI and the primary winding of the BIT. Therefore, the voltage gain can be achieved in proportionate to the multiplication of the turn ratios of the CIs and BIT. The configuration of the proposed converter not only increases the voltage gain, but also reduces the current and voltage stress of the power switches and restricts the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses and increases the lifetime of the input source. Also, zero voltage switching turn‐ON and turn‐OFF conditions for all switches are achieved by employing an active clamp configuration. The voltage across the diodes clamped to the output voltage and the reverse recovery problem is reduced due to the leakage inductors. Finally, a 600 W prototype with 24–400 V voltage conversion is built to verify the performance and theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a non‐isolated coupled‐inductor high step‐down converter with extended duty cycle is proposed, which operates under discontinuous conduction mode. The soft‐switching condition is provided for all the switches and diodes, which results in the reduction of the switching losses, and the losses related to diode reverse recovery problem. Also, a self‐drive circuit is used to automatically generate the ON and OFF gate signals of the synchronous rectifier, which recovers the gate energy and reduces the complexity. In this topology, only a single coupled inductor is proposed which decreases the size and cost of the proposed converter. A 200 W laboratory prototype is implemented, and its results confirm the validity of theoretical analysis and advantages of the proposed converter over previous structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen fixation, production of NO and NO2 from N2 and O2 in air, has been investigated with transient spark self-pulsing DC discharges. NO production is boosted by the addition of capacitors and an inductor to the electrical circuit which drives the discharge. The quantity of NO produced per joule of electrical input energy is doubled, though the quantity of NO2 produced drops. The yield of NO is also increased because the modified circuit enables higher discharge currents to be used. NO concentrations as high as 2000 ppm were obtained with input energy densities of around 300 J per liter of input gas, whilst NO2 concentrations were around 150 ppm. This simple modification of the driving circuit may have potential for optimizing the plasma chemistry with other input gas mixtures and for scaling up nitrogen fixation from air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work proposes a nonlinear model of a buck–boost DC-DC power converter considering the nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the power inductor and electrical losses of the system. The Euler–Lagrange formalism is used for formulating the proposed model. Previous research works have reported mathematical models to describe power inductor dynamics. However, a gap in the literature remains regarding modeling this kind of element when it operates within power converters. Also, a linear-based controller scheme is proposed to regulate a non-ideal buck–boost DC-DC power converter. A methodology for tuning the proposed controller is presented, which considers the nonlinear model structure of the power converter, the linearization procedure based on an identification process, and a frequency domain analysis based on the approximated linear model. Finally, the tuned control scheme is tested on the nonlinear model of the power converter under several operational conditions showing excellent performance by effectively regulating the output voltage. The results are compared with those derived from alternative control strategies, and a better performance is generally obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is the force effect of a circular magnetic field of cylindrical inductors with alternating current windings on the actuator element of technological reactors – a ferromagnetic particle. Technologies using a rotating magnetic field and ferromagnetic particles (RMF and FP) are increasingly used in industry, in devices for fine and ultra-fine grinding, mixing and activation, in the construction and chemical industries, in energysaving and environmental systems. In previous studies, the authors proposed a method for calculating the force effect on ferromagnetic particles (FP) of an elliptical rotating magnetic field (RMF) of an external cylindrical inductor with a symmetrical alternating current winding. In this work, based on this technique, formulas for the force effect on the FP of the fundamental harmonic of RMF of cylindrical inductors with different numbers of pole pairs are derived and analyzed. It is shown that for a hard magnetic and saturated magnetically soft (soft-magnetic) particle in a circular field of a cylindrical inductor with the number of pole pairs greater than one, the magnitude of the magnetic displacement force does not depend on the orientation of the magnetic moment of the ferromagnetic particle, and the direction of action of this force is determined by the angle between the circular field induction vector and the magnetic moment of the particle. While maintaining the similarity of the inductors and the equality of the amplitude of the magnetic induction on the surface of the inductor bore, the magnetic displacement force does not retain the similarity, in particular, while maintaining the values of the magnetic moment of the particle, this force is inversely proportional to the radius of the bore of the cylindrical inductor. Examples are given of the use of formulas for calculating the ratio of displacement forces to the weight of a particle and the calculation of forces for an unsaturated soft-magnetic particle, where, due to the dependence of the magnetic moment on the field strength, the calculation formulas are modified and take on a slightly different form than the formulas for a particle with a constant modulus magnetic moment. The research results will be useful for engineers and researchers involved in the research, development, design and operation of reactors with RMF and FP technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informacije MIDEM: Journal of Microelectronics, Electronic Components & Materials is the property of MIDEM Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work focuses on the possibility of using a tuned inductor in electric power systems with adaptive features. The presented idea of inductor operation, using an interaction of the magnetic fluxes, is a new approach to designing such devices. Examples of power adaptive systems are devices for improving the quality of electricity. Therefore, various types of 'compensators' of reactive power (or both reactive and distortion power) are used in electrical systems as a preventive measure. The tuned inductor, presented in this work, offers wider possibilities for power compensation in electric systems, compared to the classic solutions of compensators based on fixed inductors. Another possible implementation of such an inductor solution is in static power electronic devices, installed in AC transmission grids to increase power transfer capability, stability, and controllability, through a series and/or shunt compensation. Nevertheless, the use of the proposed device in the aforementioned electric systems is only one example of the possible implementations in the power electronics area. In this work, the following issues are presented: exemplary solutions of compensators with the adaptive features, rules of the tuned inductor operation, test results of the 3D field model of the inductor, and test results of the laboratory model of the electric system with this device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the electrical engineering field, there are two types of system which can potentially generate resonance under excitation, one is the electrical system with inductor and capacitor, the other is the mechanical system with spring-mass characteristic. A lot of research on active damping control algorithms for grid-connected inverters with LCL filter and inverter-driven machine with multirotating masses have been demonstrated. However, research works for these two systems were carried out independently and there is a lack of systematic comparison for modelling and control between these two systems. This article will unify the mathematical models and active damping control algorithms for these two systems. It is found that the mathematical models and control structures are fundamentally the same. The existing or future potential active damping control algorithms used in electrical system can be applied in mechanical system and vice versa to avoid reinventing the wheel. Parameter sensitivity analysis for controller and feedback gains was performed for electrical systems in the discrete z-domain. For mechanical systems, it is found that a substantial electromagnetic torque overshoot was introduced when applying the active damping control and it was analyzed quantitatively with various damping coefficients to guide the inverter design. Finally, experimental tests were done to verify the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new simulated grounded inductor (SGI) is developed. It has a simple structure because it employs two-terminal active devices (TTADs). Moreover, it has a minimum number of passive elements, considering the TTAD-based configurations. However, there is a single passive element-matching constraint for two resistors. Derived from the developed SGI, a second-order voltage-mode universal filter application is given. With proper connection of inputs, it yields band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP), low-pass (LP), all-pass (AP), and notch filter (NF) responses. The performance of the developed circuits is verified through the SPICE simulation program. Additionally, an experimental test result is given for the developed SGI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new isolated zero‐voltage switching (ZVS)/zero‐current switching (ZCS) push–pull (PP) DC/DC converter is presented. One auxiliary switch S3 and a clamping capacitor Cc are introduced at the primary of the conventional push–pull converter and a voltage doubler‐rectifier is adopted on the secondary side. This proposed converter has the features: (1) Switching losses are reduced significantly owing to zero‐voltage switching of primary switches and zero‐current switching of secondary diodes over a wide load range variation. (2) The voltage spike across all of the power devices can be clamped that enable the use of low‐voltage, low‐performance, and lower‐cost devices. (3) The energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance is used for the soft‐switching action and no additional resonant inductor is required. (4) A voltage doubler‐rectifier is employed to remove the problem of the diode reverse‐recovery effect and reduce the duty cycle loss that provides a much higher voltage conversion ratio. These merits make this simple converter provide an attractive solution for a distributed power system, uninterruptible power system, or battery charge/discharge system. The detailed operation, analysis, design, comparative study, and experimental results for the proposed converter are presented and a 600 W prototype was developed to verify the discussed theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study proposes a new interleaved high step‐up topology based on cross‐coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cells (VMCs). Two series capacitors in VMC are employed to raise voltage gain and diminish peak voltage across switches. Thus, low voltage MOSFETs with low on‐resistance (Rds(on)) can be used in the proposed converter. Due to the presence of the leakage inductors in coupled inductors, the falling rate of the output diodes current is controlled and the diode recovery current problem at turn‐off can be mitigated. In addition, switches are turned on under ZCS conditions which results in efficiency improvement. Using two‐phase topology reduces input current ripple and shares power losses between each phase. The converter is analyzed and its operation is investigated using detailed comparisons. Finally, to confirm the performance of the proposed converter, a 30 V input voltage to 400 V output voltage prototype with the rated power of 220 W is implemented and tested in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memristors are passive non‐linear circuit components with memory characteristics, and have been recognized as the fourth basic circuit component, along with resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It has been nearly half a century since the conceptualisation of the memristor, and related research has mainly focussed on the two aspects of binary and continuous memristors. However, compared with these two types of memristors, tri‐state and multi‐state memristors have greater data density per device, with rich dynamics and great potential in logic and chaotic circuit applications. Moreover, previous studies show that the series‐parallel connection of memristor generates more diverse circuit behaviours and increased capacity over a single memristor. However, most of this research is based on mathematical analysis, and lack behavioural circuit simulations or experimental validation. Here, the tri‐state memristor is proposed and the mathematic and equivalent Spice models of the tri‐state memristor is shown. Furthermore, the circuit characteristics are studied with a complete characterisation of its series‐parallel behaviours of the tri‐state memristor. Simulations are performed with LTSpice, and the results verify the theoretical analysis, which provides a strong experimental basis for the study of combinational memristive circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work introduces a new low‐noise current‐reused CMOS active inductor (AI) based on Gyrator‐C configuration. In the proposed AI, a simple common‐source amplifier is utilised for boosting effective Gm and improving noise performance of the AI. While the Gm‐boosting technique improves the noise performance as well as the quality factor of the inductor, a resistor is also added to the feedback path for more quality factor improvement. Rigorous analysis of the proposed circuit shows a significant noise performance and quality factor enhancement. In order to verify the concept and confirm the mathematical analysis, the AI is designed and simulated in a commercial 0.18 μm RF‐CMOS technology. The simulation results show that the proposed inductor operates in 1 to 7.2 GHz frequency range, has a 9 nH inductance at 2.864 GHz frequency and 650 μW total power dissipation at 1.8‐V supply voltage. Maximum quality factor of 90 is achieved at 2.864 GHz frequency and a quality factor greater than 40 is obtained from 2.4 to 3.3 GHz. The input‐referred current noise of the proposed inductor is as low as 22 pA/√Hz showing 30.5% improvement compared to the conventional AI. The proposed AI is also tunable and sweeping the tuning voltage results in changing extracted inductance from 4.35 to 15.2 nH with only a chip area of 0.003 mm2. Post‐layout and different Monte Carlo simulation results also confirm the robust operation of the proposed AI against different process non‐idealities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]