1,285 results
Search Results
2. Energy Security in the Context of Hybrid Threats: The Case of the European Natural Gas Network
- Author
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Burgherr, Peter, Siskos, Eleftherios, Spada, Matteo, Lustenberger, Peter, Dupuy, Arnold C., Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Hämmerli, Bernhard, editor, Helmbrecht, Udo, editor, Hommel, Wolfgang, editor, Kunczik, Leonhard, editor, and Pickl, Stefan, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Natural Security Games in the Regenerative Economy: A Review
- Author
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Yesodharan, Vaisakh, Weiyu, Feng, Almuala, Zaid A., Heckenauer Barrón, Eric G., Faraji Abdolmaleki, Shoeib, Fernández Rodríguez, J. Julio, Bello Bugallo, Pastora M., Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Dhar, Upinder, editor, Dubey, Jigyasu, editor, Dumblekar, Vinod, editor, Meijer, Sebastiaan, editor, and Lukosch, Heide, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The effects of particle contamination on high blend palm biodiesel against fuel filter blockage.
- Author
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Haryono, Ihwan, Rochmanto, Budi, Mohtar, Setiapraja, Hari, and Yubaidah, Siti
- Subjects
FUEL filters ,DIESEL motor exhaust gas ,DIESEL fuels ,BIODIESEL fuels ,FILTER paper ,ENERGY security - Abstract
In order to increase energy security or to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions, the use of biodiesel fuel is continuously increased. This effort is carried out by increasing the composition of biodiesel in the biodiesel blends. One of other considerations regarding the use high composition biodiesel blends above 20% (B20) is the concern of fuel filter blockage or shorten the life time. Various efforts have been done to overcome filter blocking problems due to the use of biodiesel, so that mitigation can be carried out. One of the evaluations of the effect of using palm oil biodiesel with a high composition above 20% has been carried out by acceleration testing in a test rig with additional dust contaminants. The test used fuel filter paper with a porosity of 30 micron with variations in the composition of the test fuel, namely pure diesel/B0 (Pertadex), B30, B50 and B70. The test was carried out by flowing the test fuels through filter paper in a DENSO standard test rig in temperature ambient (around 29°C). Filter blocking was recorded by the differential pressure (delta pressure) between before and after of the test filter paper. The results show that for the pure diesel and biodiesel blends without any contaminants, there is no increase in the differential pressure. Otherwise, for the addition of 3 grams of contaminants per 15 liters of test fuels, a higher biodiesel composition will result in a faster increase in the filter differential pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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5. Pulp and paper industry in energy transition: Towards energy-efficient and low carbon operation in Finland and Sweden
- Author
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Satu Lipiäinen, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Esa Vakkilainen, and Katja Kuparinen
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Fossil fuel ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy security ,Energy consumption ,010501 environmental sciences ,Energy transition ,Pulp and paper industry ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Renewable energy ,Climate change mitigation ,13. Climate action ,Biofuel ,8. Economic growth ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Mitigation of global warming, energy security and industrial competitiveness urge the energy-intensive pulp and paper industry (PPI) to transform energy use practices. This study investigates how the PPI has responded to the need for the energy transition in the 2000s. Finland and Sweden as forerunners of energy-efficient operation and decarbonization of the PPI are used as target countries. Understanding of changes in energy consumption is complemented using decomposition analysis (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Method) and the energy efficiency index approach. Analysis of companies’ investments in energy technologies is used for explaining changes in energy production. Evidence of significant development towards the more sustainable operation of the PPI was found. Energy consumption per produced unit has decreased, i.e., energy efficiency has improved. Fossil fuels have been partially replaced with bio-based alternatives. Thus, the CO2 intensity has decreased substantially. The generation of renewable electricity has increased in both countries. Examples of Finland and Sweden indicate that the PPI has great potential to contribute to CO2 emission reduction worldwide in the future as energy efficiency can be further improved, and the share of fossil fuels can be decreased increasing the use of biofuels and self-generated green electricity at least in kraft pulp mills.
- Published
- 2022
6. Energy security in a net zero emissions future for Switzerland: Expert Group 'Security of Supply' – White Paper
- Author
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Hug, Gabriela, Demiray, Turhan, Filippini, Massimo, Guidati, Gianfranco, Oswald, Kirsten, Patt, Anthony, Sansavini, Giovanni, Schaffner, Christian, Schwarz, Marius, Steffen, Bjarne, Đukan, Mak, Gjorgiev, Blazhe, Marcucci, Adriana, Savelsberg, Jonas, Schmidt, Tobias, and Oswald, Kirsten
- Subjects
Renewable energy ,Climate change mitigation ,Energy security ,Energy system models ,ddc:333.7 ,Energy transition ,Natural resources, energy and environment - Published
- 2023
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7. Economic policy uncertainty: Global energy security with diversification.
- Author
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Dagar, Vishal, Dagher, Leila, Rao, Amar, Doytch, Nadia, and Kagzi, Muneza
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ECONOMIC uncertainty ,ENERGY security ,ECONOMIC policy ,CLEAN energy ,QUANTILE regression ,CARBON paper - Abstract
Global energy security is a growing worldwide concern in the presence of high economic policy uncertainty (EPU) that can be addressed by advancing sustainable energy diversification (ED) practices. Energy security can be estimated by combining ED and EPU indices; hence, this study uses a dataset covering three continents and 26 countries from 1995 to 2023 to measure energy security employing this approach. The study employs quantile regression and panel data analysis, finding a positive relationship between EPU and ED. The results reveal that when EPU increases, the spectrum of energy sources declines, negatively impacting energy security. Other factors of globalization, Gross Domestic Product, gross capital formation, and the labor force also have an impact on the spectrum of energy sources. To obtain a sustainable level of ED, policymakers should increase investment in gross capital formation because economic growth and openness via pro-global policies have less impact on ED. This study also demonstrates that labor capital shifts have a significant effect on ED. The quantitative results reveal the importance of clear and precise economic policies for increasing investment in carbon-free energy security. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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8. Unveiling the complex web: exploring the international fossil fuel trade network and its impact on CO2 emissions and trade patterns
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Vidya, CT, M., Srividhya, and D., Ujjwal
- Published
- 2024
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9. Identifying the drivers responsible for energy security in selected ASEAN countries by using panel data analysis
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Manni, Umme Humayara and Hj. Md. Mansur, Datuk. Dr. Kasim
- Published
- 2024
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10. ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION ON UKRAINIAN RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE WAR: KEY POLICY PAPER AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
- Author
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Nate, Silviu, Kharlamova, Ganna, and Stavytskyy, Andriy
- Subjects
WAR ,RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- ,ENERGY security ,POSTWAR reconstruction ,MILITARY life ,JUSTICE administration ,SOCIAL stability - Abstract
Background: The work examines the results and conclusions of the roundtable held on May 24, 2023, within the framework of the research project. The participants of the event discussed the main challenges that the Ukrainian government will face after the war when restoring the economy. The war and Ukraine's expected victory should significantly change the geopolitical and economic situation in the world, change the understanding of energy as a weapon, and thus, create a guarantee of energy independence for the entire European continent. Scholars, policy makers, scientists, and practitioners joined together in discussion about addressing the needs of Ukraine after the victory, during the reconstruction phase. The participants noted the inevitability of institutional changes in the Ukrainian state, which is required by the future accession to the EU and NATO. However, in addition to economic challenges, Ukraine will face a complex of significant post-war problems: ensuring social stability, restoring infrastructure, ensuring the integration of the military into peaceful life, restoring the ecology of the territories where military operations were conducted, and significantly reforming the judicial system. Results and Conclusions: The policy paper concerning Ukraine's reconstruction efforts was announced as a result of the roundtable. It was highlighted that, to establish a future regional infrastructure and foster a win-win business perspective, it is crucial to engage in practical discussions with the Romanian government and private companies. Creating a shared business platform would facilitate the transition from expressing interests to direct participation in the recovery process. To achieve broader reconstruction goals, it is essential to involve other Western industry actors from countries like Germany, France, Italy, the U.S., the UK, Poland, Norway, etc., with their financial, technological, and implementation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
11. Factors influencing the adoption of renewable energy in India: supplementing technology-driven drivers and barriers with sustainable development goals
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Kar, Sanjay Kumar, Harichandan, Sidhartha, and Prakash, Om
- Published
- 2024
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12. Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality from the Perspective of Chinese Modernization.
- Author
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QI Shaozhou
- Subjects
CARBON offsetting ,CARBON emissions ,SUSTAINABLE development ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ENERGY security ,CARBON paper ,EXPORT credit - Abstract
This paper tries to explain the economic significance of “pursuing green development and promoting harmony between humanity and nature” in the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from the following eight aspects. First, it explains how to respect, adapt to, and protect nature through the confirmation of ownership, valuation classification and incentive. Second, it analyzes why China should work actively toward the goals of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality from the new security concept, new challenges, new situations, and new tasks brought by the urgency and severity of climate change risks. Third, it expounds on the difficulty and complexity of addressing climate change from multiple aspects, such as the ratchet effect, Giddens’s paradox, prisoner’s dilemma, lock-in effect, asset stranding, intergenerational equity, and the Wandering Earth scenario. Fourth, it recognizes the importance of stability, overall planning, and coordination based on the overall planned and coordinated triangle of high-quality development, carbon neutrality, and energy security. Fifth, it emphasizes the importance of green and low-carbon technological innovation by means of the IPAS equation. Sixth, it explains the essence of carbon neutrality as the industrial transition based on the energy transition, which is an economic logic. Seventh, taking the carbon market as an example, it explains the economic principle that the market mechanism plays an important role. Eighth, it explains how finance empowers the goals of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality as well as high-quality development. Finally, this paper is of guiding significance for economics, finance, international trade, and policy research, and in the meantime, provides new research tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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13. Assessing the impacts of industrialization, deindustrialization and financialization on Turkey’s energy security: evidence from the augmented NARDL method
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Karasoy, Alper
- Published
- 2023
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14. External energy security elements and the riskiness of clean energy stocks: a volatility analysis
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Hassan, Aminu
- Published
- 2023
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15. Wellbeing, infrastructures, and energy insecurity in informal settlements.
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Caprotti, Federico, de Groot, Jiska, Mathebula, Norman, Butler, Catherine, and Moorlach, Mascha
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ENERGY security ,SOCIAL cohesion ,WELL-being ,SOCIAL processes ,CITY dwellers ,RENEWABLE energy sources - Abstract
Introduction: Understanding the intricate relationship between energy and wellbeing in informal urban settlements is essential for developing effective interventions that address the diverse needs of residents. This paper explores this nexus through a multi-dimensional lens, examining the complexities and dynamics involved in off-grid renewable energy interventions, focusing on solar microgrids in an informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: The paper is based on empirical research analysed through a theoretical framework articulating the pathways through which energy insecurity influences various dimensions of wellbeing, encompassing economic, physical, social, and environmental aspects. By applying this framework to our empirical research, the paper reveals the intricate interplay between neighbourhood factors, housing conditions, social processes, and economic insecurities, shedding light on both the challenges and opportunities associated with off-grid energy interventions. Results: The understanding of wellbeing presented in the paper is based on what we term the energy-wellbeing-informality nexus. Understanding the nexus necessitates: (a) moving past universalist and technocratic understandings of wellbeing, and towards a relational and networked basis for wellbeing analysis; (b) moving beyond conventional narratives of off-grid electrification as mere technical fixes, emphasizing the importance of recognizing informal settlements as sites of innovation and experimentation; (c) understanding the multi-sectoral nature of energy-related wellbeing impacts, extending beyond energy provision to encompass broader dimensions such as education, health, and social cohesion. Discussion: The paper not only advances theoretical understanding but also offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners. It emphasizes the need for context-sensitive policymaking that acknowledges the complexities of informal settlements and fosters innovative approaches to energy service provision. By integrating energy interventions into broader development strategies and adopting a multi-sectoral perspective, stakeholders can work towards more equitable and resilient solutions that enhance the overall wellbeing of residents in informal urban contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Climate change and energy security: the dilemma or opportunity of the century?
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Cevik, Serhan
- Published
- 2024
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17. Navigating the storm: The intersection of geopolitical and financial crime risks.
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de Sybel, Rosamund
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL crimes ,FINANCIAL risk ,ENERGY security ,GEOPOLITICS ,FOOD security - Abstract
The world is facing an incredibly complex set of global risks, from conflict in Europe and the Middle East, to climate change and food and energy insecurity. As we progress into 2024, we are seeing an intensification of recent trends: geopolitical instability is accelerating the use of economic statecraft and asymmetric tools of financial conflict. These tools are used as both alternatives and additions to hard power. This paper argues that risks to global financial institutions are increasingly characterised by this nexus. Against a backdrop of multiplying wars, the geopolitical activities of treasury departments are becoming more pronounced. This paper addresses how some of these financial and economic tools are deployed and the nature of the risks that have emerged as a result, particularly as the targets of economic statecraft seek to counter them. The paper also considers how financial institutions can build resilience in their organisations by situating geopolitics effectively within financial crime compliance frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Identifying Locations for Early Adoption of Zero Emission Fuels for Shipping—The UK as a Case Study.
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Baresic, Domagoj, Rehmatulla, Nishatabbas, and Smith, Tristan
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HYDROGEN as fuel ,DOCUMENTARY evidence ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,ENERGY shortages ,ENERGY security - Abstract
The United Kingdom (UK) shipping industry is facing calls to set out more robust decarbonisation plans. In light of the economic challenges facing the country, including the cost-of-living crisis and energy security considerations, the UK government has outlined plans to spearhead several 'green' developments. It is of paramount importance to understand how best to integrate the domestic maritime sector into this process by promoting the adoption of low-carbon marine fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. However, there is a limited understanding of what are the most suitable locations for the early adoption of such fuels in the UK. The sustainability transitions literature offers interesting insights into how marine fuel transitions can unfold, by combining the study of market factors with various non-market socio-technical forces. Previous academic work has shown the importance of location and proximity in facilitating alternative marine fuel transitions. This paper builds onto that work by applying a socio-technical transitions framework to develop a set of indicators to ascertain the suitability of potential locations for the early adoption of hydrogen and ammonia as marine fuels in the UK. This paper explores these dynamics by combining evidence from documentary sources, a UK ship voyages database, and interviews with key stakeholders. Furthermore, three specific case studies are analysed in detail to outline key drivers for the adoption of hydrogen and ammonia. The findings show that there is a significant difference across the UK in regional viability for the early adoption of hydrogen and ammonia, with some of the best suited sites being in the north of Scotland (Orkney), south of England (the Solent-Isle of Wight), and east of England (Felixstowe-Harwich). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. The development and utilization of shale oil and gas resources in China and economic analysis of energy security under the background of global energy crisis.
- Author
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Fu, Enqi and He, Weida
- Subjects
SHALE oils ,SHALE gas ,OIL shales ,PETROLEUM reserves ,ENERGY shortages ,PETROLEUM industry ,NATURAL gas prospecting ,GIBBERELLINS - Abstract
The key scientific problem to be solved in this paper is the optimal development and utilization model and the economic evaluation model of China's land-phase shale oil and gas resources, and the purpose of the research is to promote the large-scale commercial development and utilization of China's shale oil and gas resources, and to safeguard China's oil and gas energy security and the sustainable development of the economy. The article proposes to adopt the small surface element volume method (oil content rate method) to evaluate the pure shale oil resources, adopt the Cobb–Douglas production function model as the optimization model to measure the boundary production capacity of shale oil and gas, construct the optimal development and utilization model for shale oil and gas resources considering the five first-level safeguard indexes, namely, science and technology (A), capital (K), talents (L), reserves (S) and ecological environment (E), and establish the basic constraint model for the optimal development and utilization of shale oil and gas resources. The basic constraint model, as well as the evaluation model of economic coefficients for the development and utilization of shale oil and gas resources were established. The pure shale oil resources are mainly calculated based on the movable oil content of shale. In the paper, the S
1 of normal pyrolysis (300 °C) is regarded as movable oil, and the sum of S1 and evaporated hydrocarbon (light hydrocarbon) loss is the movable oil content of shale. The integrated geological-physical exploration-engineering comprehensive evaluation of China's land-phase shale oil-rich and high-yielding "sweet spot" is an important prerequisite for the realization of shale oil and gas resources to build production scale and effective development, and the least-squares method is used to estimate the average production function, the distance to the maximum value of the residuals, and the boundary capacity production function. The average production function and residual maximum distance are estimated by the least squares method, and the production function of the boundary capacity is derived, and the quotient of the boundary capacity and the actual capacity is calculated to get the capacity utilization rate, which can be used to analyze the potential of future shale oil and gas growth. The development of shale oil and gas resources in a target block requires comprehensive consideration of the first-level guarantee indicators such as science and technology (A), capital (K), talents (L), reserves (S) and ecological environment (E), as well as more than 10 s-level indicators and a number of third-level indicators, in order to ensure that the oil companies maximize their profits by organizing the development and production. The economic coefficient can be expressed as the ratio of economically recoverable resources to geological reserves. The larger the economic coefficient for the development and utilization of shale oil and gas resources is, the better the economy of the area is, and the larger the proportion of shale oil and gas resources that can be exploited. There is little special literature on the optimal development and utilization model of shale oil and gas resources and energy security among many research results at home and abroad. The evaluation of pure shale oil using the small surface element volume method (oil content rate method) and the construction of the boundary capacity calculation model, the optimal development of the basic constraints model and the economic evaluation model that we have determined, although they can not yet fully cover all the links and factors related to the development and utilization of shale oil and gas resources, are not yet fully covered by our research work. However, our research work has given the model more geological and economic theoretical connotations, and provided an economic basis and technical reference for the large-scale and commercial development and utilization of shale oil and gas resources as an effective alternative to oil imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Opportunities and Challenges of Geothermal Energy: A Comparative Analysis of Three European Cases—Belgium, Iceland, and Italy.
- Author
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Meirbekova, Rauan, Bonciani, Dario, Olafsson, Dagur Ingi, Korucan, Aysun, Derin-Güre, Pinar, Harcouët-Menou, Virginie, and Bero, Wilfried
- Subjects
EMPLOYABILITY ,SOCIAL acceptance ,ENERGY security ,CLEAN energy ,JOB vacancies ,GEOTHERMAL resources ,HEATING from central stations - Abstract
Geothermal energy is a unique energy source in the energy policy mix that would help the clean energy transition and energy independence, supporting the energy needs in heating and electricity. Although there have been studies on the opportunities and challenges of renewable energy, this paper is the first paper that concentrates on geothermal energy for three distinct countries, Italy, Belgium, and Iceland, for the first time. Using semi-structured interviews that will cover the stakeholders representing the quadruple helix (academia, citizens, policymakers, and industry), this paper aims to find the unique and common opportunities and barriers the geothermal sector has. Shared challenges include financial barriers, regulatory complexities, environmental issues, and the need for improvement in the social acceptability of geothermal energy. Despite these challenges, geothermal energy, a promising energy source for clean transition, could create opportunities like improved household welfare through combined uses in district heating and electricity and have the potential to generate employment opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Complete but Fragmented: Research on Energy in Central and Eastern Europe.
- Author
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Oravcová, Veronika, Yakovenko, Kateryna, and Mišík, Matúš
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WEB databases ,ENERGY consumption ,ENERGY security ,NUCLEAR energy ,SCHOLARLY periodicals - Abstract
This paper examines 16 years (2004–2019) of research on energy in eleven Central and Eastern European countries. The findings are based on an analysis of 3534 academic articles indexed in the Web of Knowledge database. The paper presents a systematic overview of the authorship, journal of publication, countries covered, and article content. The main conclusion is that the discussion is fragmented, because most of the journals (800 were identified) published only one paper on energy in the region. About one-fourth of the research was published in a handful of major journals. Male researchers dominated our dataset and there has been a visible increase in the average number of authors per article. The country most often covered by the research was Poland and energy efficiency was the most-discussed issue and renewables the most-frequently researched energy source. Surprisingly, nuclear energy and energy security, considered to be the dominant features of the CEE region energy picture, were studied only minimally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Legal Framework of the Direct Line in the European Union Law.
- Author
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Kanas, Justyna
- Subjects
EUROPEAN Union law ,REFERENDUM ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ENERGY industries ,SUSTAINABLE investing ,RADIATION protection - Abstract
This paper provides a legal analysis of the direct line in the legislation of the European Union. The direct line, serving as a legal instrument to implement off-grid solutions, plays a crucial role in amplifying competition within the energy market. Compared to other instruments introduced by the First Liberalization Package in 1992, the direct line is not a subject commonly brought about by legal literature. The core part of legal analyses is divided into two parts, which focus on different approaches of direct line, i.e., European Union and selected Member States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland). The motives of the Union in establishing the direct line instrument was to support opening the energy market to increase energy generating units. During the transposition of the direct line into national laws, analysed countries have directed the usage of this mechanism to promote renewable energy sources. The presented case studies create a rare pattern of how the Member States form their own interpretations and hence use the Union law in practice, which differs from the direction established in the Union forum. The research focused on legal dogmatic examining of regulations at both European and national levels, with a particular emphasis on the definition part while figuring a crucial role in shaping the direct line concept. The paper also presents other convoluted legal schemes, such as the permit issuance process for direct line construction. The conclusions assess the modifications in the European Union regime, but also their impact on electricity prices and green investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Energizing the Now: Navigating the Critical Landscape of Today's Energy Challenges—An In-Depth Review.
- Author
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Popescu, Catalin, Apostu, Simona Andreea, Rădulescu, Irina Gabriela, Mureșan, Jianu Daniel, and Brezoi, Alina Gabriela
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RENEWABLE energy sources ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,ENERGY industries ,WASTE minimization ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Today's energy challenges are multifaceted. Over the past 30–40 years, energy issues have been discussed and published on an extensive scale. The green transition involves concrete actions related to increasing energy efficiency, replacing fossil fuels with alternative fuels, producing energy using renewable resources, creating various means of transport that use electric motors, identifying technical solutions that generate an increased energy yield in the case of buildings, and waste reduction, reuse and recycling. In order to attain a climate-neutral environment, it is mandatory to impose regulations, measures and actions to help decarbonize the energy sector. The analysis of published articles on these issues is the subject of this large and information-dense review. Concretely, the transition to climate neutrality will generate obvious advantages at an economic, social and technological level, for example, the opportunity for economic growth, new business models and new markets, and the generation of new jobs or technological development. At the same time, this paper underscores the need for a multifaceted approach, integrating technological innovation, policy intervention and global cooperation for an effective energy transformation. The review suggests future issues and research directions, focusing on viable strategies for energy transition and its socio-economic environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A Tale of Three Countries: Energy Decentralization in Egypt, UAE and Saudi Arabia.
- Author
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Leal-Arcas, Rafael, Alrasheed, Sara, Almusaad, Haifa, Alsaud, Sara Fahad, and Alyousif, Noura
- Subjects
ELECTRICITY markets ,ENERGY security ,ENERGY consumption ,ELECTRICITY ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
The paper examines the status of energy decentralization in three key Arab League countries, namely, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Saudi Arabia. It specifically focuses on decentralization in their electricity markets. The paper analyzes the regulatory environment in these three countries and then looks at how things stand regarding new tools and technologies to facilitate decentralization. It explores the progress in deployment of these tools and technologies, and the specific regulatory barriers in the three nations. The paper also offers recommendations for how regulations can be more encouraging and discusses electricity interconnections as a vital step towards decentralization that will boost energy security and energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
25. Environmental innovations and energy security: novel insights from the European region.
- Author
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Nham, Nguyen Thi Hong and Ha, Le Thanh
- Subjects
ENERGY security ,LEAST squares ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
This study examines the relationship between environmental innovations (EI) and energy security (ES). This article examines ES from four perspectives: accessibility, acceptability, developability, and sustainability, while different measures are used to reflect EI. A panel-corrected standard errors model and a feasible generalized least square estimates model are employed to study this relationship, while the pooled mean groups estimator is applied to the autoregressive distributed lag method to measure both the short-term and long-term effects of EI. This paper indicates that EI implementation has a beneficial influence on the energy system, but only in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. CHALLENGES TO INVESTMENTS IN SOLAR ENERGY IN THE EU IN ITS QUEST FOR ENERGY INDEPENDENCE.
- Author
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Spassov, Svetoslav
- Subjects
SOLAR energy ,ENERGY security ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,CLEAN energy ,ENERGY industries - Abstract
This paper discusses the current challenges to solar energy capacity building in the EU in attempting to achieve both, the sustainable development goals and bigger energy independence from third countries. One particular challenge concerns the risks to investors in solar energy industry, deriving from the fastgrowing number of solar installations across the Member States while the existing electricity cross-border grid cannot meet the needs of the EU energy market. This leads to wasting green energy and negative prices that affect the return on investment, apart from existing bureaucratic obstacles and regulatory difficulties. The paper argues that this and other socio-economic and political uncertainties and flaws such as occupational issues and the lack of long-term EU and state policies supporting solar energy investments in some countries do hinder the energy transition. Therefore, it is necessary that investments in solar energy address all these challenges otherwise finding alternatives to energy dependence on Russia and achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals will be jeopardized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Independence through leapfrogging: Energy transitions in Eswatini.
- Author
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Hastie, Helena
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,CLEAN energy ,ENERGY security ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,FOSSIL fuels ,SOLAR energy - Abstract
The need to swiftly transition to clean energy and expand electricity access is pressing; however, the goals of SDG7 are unlikely to be met by 2030, with the UN specifically mentioning land‐locked states as being off track. Through the conceptual lens of 'leapfrogging' fossil fuels, straight from traditional fuel sources to renewable energy, this paper discusses the relationship between electricity production and independence. It makes a conceptual contribution by introducing the term 'energy independence through leapfrogging', which is used to characterise the process of reducing dependency on another country – in the case of Eswatini, electricity is supplied by South Africa. Drawing from empirical research in Eswatini involving document analysis and in‐depth interviews, this paper discusses the potential for the country to move from being primarily an importer of electricity to generating its own supply from renewable sources. With Eswatini's current electricity supply from South Africa at risk/expiring in 2025, this research argues that the country faces a moment of opportunity for Eswatini to build further generation capacity, with a recommended focus on solar energy. The paper identifies potential challenges/barriers to this energy transition, examining power generation, storage, maintenance and affordability as key areas for intervention. Drawing on previous theories of electricity access, the paper argues that 'access' to electricity requires consideration of the affordability and reliability of energy systems. Eswatini is an understudied geographical area, and this paper makes a contribution to the literature on energy transitions by examining the specific circumstances attending this transition and examining these with relevance for other land‐locked nations in sub‐Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. UK Carbon Price Set to Halve on Market Reform Concern, Citi Says.
- Author
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Harmsworth, Ellie
- Subjects
CARBON pricing ,REFORMS ,CARBON paper ,NUCLEAR energy ,ENERGY security - Abstract
The allowances may gravitate toward £22 ($28) a metric ton, the auction reserve price for Britain's carbon market, Citigroup analysts wrote in a note Wednesday. (Bloomberg) -- UK carbon permit prices are on course to plunge almost 50% amid the government's "lack of political ambition" to reform the country's emissions trading system, according to analysts at Citigroup Inc. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
29. An integrated rural energy management for sustainability: Influencing factors.
- Author
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Chapagai, Durga Prasad, Sharma, Neeta Dhusia, Roy, Amit Kumar, and Roy, Manish Kumar
- Subjects
ENERGY management ,LITERATURE reviews ,RURAL geography ,SUSTAINABILITY ,WEBSITES ,ENERGY security ,RURAL planning - Abstract
Background: - Energy planning became an important tool for the development of contemporary society. Integrated energy planning and management combine, mobilize the different sources of energy, and, ensure the efficient use of renewable energy that makes an efficient energy system and truly sustainable energy through the declaration of energy independence for consumers and positive support to the global climate. Objective: - Review the rural energy planning and management practices by different countries and identify the factors that influence effective integrated energy planning and management. Methods: - A literature review from the published research articles from Elsevier academic, Energy Policy, American Journal of Energy, UNDP, UNEP, and Google Scholar Web Pages and grey-literature published between 2000 to 2022. Results: - People in rural areas are facing a lot of energy-related problems especially accessibility, affordability, convenience, health and hazards issues, and other types of problems. In most situations, energy planning and management practices of the different countries have been not effective as per the expectations of the planning authorities. So effective integrated energy planning and management becomes possible means to achieve better energy performance in intended areas. In this paper, we reveal an overview of integrated energy planning and management practices in different countries over time. The paper also presents the different factors that influence energy planning and management followed by recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Linking energy policy, energy insecurity, and health outcomes.
- Author
-
Tian Tang and Hyunji Kim
- Subjects
ENERGY policy ,ENERGY security ,HEALTH ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,MENTAL health - Abstract
Energy insecurity poses a global challenge with far-reaching social equity and health implications. This paper provides a comprehensive perspective on the relationship between energy insecurity and health outcomes in developed countries. Existing research has identified associations between energy insecurity and various physical and mental health outcomes. Moreover, climate change can exacerbate the adverse health consequences of energy insecurity, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. Based on a review of existing literature, this paper identifies several knowledge gaps, proposes future research directions, and discusses data challenges faced by researchers in measuring energy insecurity and assessing the health impacts of existing programs that tackle energy insecurity. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of fostering collaboration among different governmental agencies and other sectors to enhance energy insecurity program management and data collection for program evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Assessment of Grid and System Supportability Based on Spatio-Temporal Conditions—Novel Key Performance Indicators for Energy System Evaluation.
- Author
-
Waurisch, Heiko, Bargen, Nick von, Ploczicki, Nico, Ralfs, Bente, Elsner, Berit, Schütt, Reiner, and Dyussembekova, Nassipkul
- Subjects
KEY performance indicators (Management) ,SPATIOTEMPORAL processes ,HEAT pumps ,ENERGY security ,POWER resources ,EVALUATION methodology - Abstract
The energy transition introduces new technical standards, laws and regulations regarding the stability and reliability of energy grids and systems. Due to the non-existence of a measuring standard, key performance indicators (KPIs) were developed to enable the measurement and comparison of individual energy grid (namely electricity, heat and gas grid) and system supportabilities while also promoting well-founded decision-making and optimization efforts. Inconsistencies in definitions concerning fundamental energy terms and the correlations between them inhibit the effective usage of the KPIs. Therefore, the overarching issue of the security of energy supply and its related subjects were also approached. The primary subject of this paper is the development of two new KPIs to measure and compare the energy grid and system supportability. These KPIs are based on spatio-temporal conditions in their respective grids. The usage and benefits of the developed KPIs are exemplarily highlighted by analyzing the impact of a scenario with the integration of a large-scale heat pump into the electricity and heat grid. The energy grid supportability is determined for each grid, whereas the energy system supportability takes the interactions of the electricity and heat grid into account. The developed KPIs are intended to enable stakeholders to identify areas with optimization potential in energy grids and systems. Moreover, the KPIs can be used to create a standardized evaluation method for regulatory requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Energy Security Blind Spots of Gas, Oil, and Coal Exporters.
- Author
-
Curtis, Andrew and McLellan, Benjamin
- Subjects
ENERGY security ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,QUANTITATIVE research ,SELF-reliant living ,GAS industry - Abstract
The global narrative around domestic energy security is dominated by the paradigm of import-dependent countries, and as a result the interactions of energy export activities with domestic energy systems are not generally considered. In this paper, we apply a systems approach to establish two potential blind spots in evaluating the whole-of-system energy security of energy resource exporters (actual primary energy self-sufficiency and export exposure of the domestic energy system), and examine some case studies, primarily in the Australian context, to validate the existence of these blind spots. The commencement of LNG exports from the state of Queensland is examined in detail. Furthermore, we propose two novel quantitative indicators to mitigate the blind spots established. First, a revised method is proposed to calculate energy self-sufficiency, showing for the exporters studied a less secure position than shown by the traditional method. Second, an indicator is proposed to quantify the extent of exposure of the domestic energy system to international markets through export linkages, which we have applied to Australia's domestic energy system, showing the extent of the increase in international exposure since LNG exports from Queensland commenced in 2015–2016. Conclusions of this paper include the realization that domestic energy security for energy exporters, such as Australia and the other countries examined, is more complex and, in the cases examined, less secure than importer-oriented energy security frameworks have previously recognized. A further conclusion is established that the decoupling of energy resource exports from the domestic energy system through transition to a zero-carbon energy system based on domestic renewable energy sources can be an effective means of improving Australia's energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. ENERGY SECURITY OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM SDGs AND THE RECOVERY AND RESILIENCE PLAN.
- Author
-
Kazimírová, Lenka, Čiderová, Denisa, Sakáčová, Simona, and Čerňák, Jozef
- Subjects
ENERGY security ,ENERGY consumption ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,SCIENTIFIC method ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) - Abstract
The issue of energy self-sufficiency is currently crucial. The concept of energy selfsufficiency is closely related to the concept of energy security; yet, there are many definitions for the term energy security. The essence of all of them is for a country to secure enough energy resources to cover its needs. If a country can secure these resources on its own without depending on imports from other countries, one refers to energy self-sufficiency. Energy self-sufficiency can be achieved in a number of ways such as reducing energy demand, improving fuel efficiency, securing physical infrastructure networks, increasing storage capacity, or increasing the use of renewable energy sources. Fundamental forms of energy self-sufficiency are external self-sufficiency, internal selfsufficiency, and energy consumption; overall, energy self-sufficiency consists of four components: availability; affordability; energy and economic efficiency; and environmental stewardship. Low energy self-sufficiency has a significant economic and social impact, which is reflected in a country's balance of payments and employment, it can lead to economic crises and price instability. Lack of access to reliable and affordable energy can result in food insecurity; health problems; limited access to education, social and economic development. The linkages between energy, food self-sufficiency, and self-sufficiency of water resources are considered in terms of the so-called WEF Nexus (Water-Energy-Food Nexus) that focuses on the interconnectedness of water, energy and food systems to promote sustainable development and address global climate change. Based on the application of scientific methods in relation to the investigation of energy self-sufficiency (the "E" Matrix in the framework of the WEF Nexus) on the background of quantitative & qualitative sustainable development and CSR trends, the main aim of our paper is to assess energy self-sufficiency in the context of the WEF nexus as well as in the light of the United Nations 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in order to formulate opportunities arising from the European Union Recovery and Resilience Plans. When documenting quantitative & qualitative sustainable development trends in the context of the WEF Nexus, our paper addressed the United Nations 2030 Agenda (alias "SDG diplomacy") as well as the NextGenerationEU Agenda (alias "Green Deal diplomacy"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. THE IMPACT OF ENERGY CRISIS ON THE MEAT PRODUCTION PROFITABILITY.
- Author
-
RODICA, CHETROIU and LIDIA, IURCHEVICI
- Subjects
MEAT industry ,PROFITABILITY ,INDUSTRIAL costs ,ENERGY security ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact that energy crisis which has debuted in 2022, had on the level of beef, pork and poultry meat production profitability. The methods used in the study are comparative analyzes of the evolution of some technical-economic and profitability indicators, calculated for the years 2018 and 2022. The research results show that indicators such as variable expenses, energy and fuel expenses, fixed expenses, production cost, the different income rates, etc., recorded higher values in 2022 compared to 2018, in some of them even by more than 50%, and the economic results obtained by farmers went from profit to loss. In conclusion, the impact of the energy crisis in the period under study was a negative one, demanding for carrying out the activity flows, affecting the entire meat production sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
35. Research on the Performance of Thermoelectric Self−Powered Systems for Wireless Sensor Based on Industrial Waste Heat.
- Author
-
Jiang, Yong, Wang, Yupeng, Yan, Junhao, Shen, Limei, and Qin, Jiang
- Subjects
THERMOELECTRIC power ,INDUSTRY 4.0 ,INDUSTRIAL wastes ,POWER resources ,ENERGY security ,WASTE heat ,THERMOELECTRIC generators - Abstract
The issue of energy supply for wireless sensors is becoming increasingly severe with the advancement of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Thus, this paper proposed a thermoelectric self−powered wireless sensor that can harvest industrial waste heat for self−powered operations. The results show that this self−powered wireless sensor can operate stably under the data transmission cycle of 39.38 s when the heat source temperature is 70 °C. Only 19.57% of electricity generated by a thermoelectric power generation system (TPGS) is available for use. Before this, the power consumption of this wireless sensor had been accurately measured, which is 326 mW in 0.08 s active mode and 5.45 μW in dormant mode. Then, the verified simulation model was established and used to investigate the generation performance of the TPGS under the Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin boundary conditions. The minimum demand for a heat source is cleared for various data transmission cycles of wireless sensors. Low−temperature industrial waste heat is enough to drive the wireless sensor with a data transmission cycle of 30 s. Subsequently, the economic benefit of the thermoelectric self−powered system was also analyzed. The cost of one thermoelectric self−powered system is EUR 9.1, only 42% of the high−performance battery cost. Finally, the SEPIC converter model was established to conduct MPPT optimization for the TEG module and the output power can increase by up to approximately 47%. This thermoelectric self−powered wireless sensor can accelerate the process of achieving energy independence for wireless sensors and promote the Fourth Industrial Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Toward Climate Neutrality.
- Author
-
Babiarz, Bożena, Krawczyk, Dorota Anna, Siuta-Olcha, Alicja, Manuel, Candida Duarte, Jaworski, Artur, Barnat, Ewelina, Cholewa, Tomasz, Sadowska, Beata, Bocian, Martyna, Gnieciak, Maciej, Werner-Juszczuk, Anna, Kłopotowski, Maciej, Gawryluk, Dorota, Stachniewicz, Robert, Święcicki, Adam, and Rynkowski, Piotr
- Subjects
ENERGY consumption of buildings ,REAL-time control ,ENERGY consumption ,HEATING from central stations ,ENERGY management - Abstract
The pursuit of climate neutrality requires global systemic actions involving the use of solutions aimed at reducing emissions. Changes must be introduced in all sectors affecting climate change, namely power engineering and district heating, construction, transport, and industry, as well as agriculture and forestry. Analyzing the structure of final energy consumption in the EU by sector, it can be stated that households account for 27% of the total energy consumption. Comprehensive actions are needed to increase the energy efficiency of buildings. The aim of this paper was to indicate aspects of improving energy efficiency in buildings and their equipment, taking into account the striving for climate neutrality. Analyzed possibilities and conditions of using various solutions of energy-efficient systems aimed at increasing energy resilience and security and preventing environmental degradation. Particular attention was paid to construction and material solutions, as well as installation solutions, which increased the accumulation and energy efficiency of the building. These activities are closely related to the conditions and dynamics of the heat exchange process in the applied solutions and are also related to the factors influencing thermal comfort and energy consumption in buildings. Due to the growing popularity of modern information technologies and artificial intelligence in energy management in recent years, this article reviews the latest research in this area. One of the directions of future research indicated by scientists is autonomous building control in real time, adapting to the momentary needs of users. The analysis of the possibilities of using modern energy efficiency solutions in buildings conducted in this work may be useful for optimizing heat and energy management models and models of society's consumption as an element of energy transformation towards climate neutrality and counteracting the deepening of energy poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Potential of Wheat Straw for Biogas Production by Anaerobic Digestion in South Africa: A Review.
- Author
-
Kamusoko, Reckson and Mukumba, Patrick
- Subjects
BIOGAS production ,WHEAT straw ,RENEWABLE natural gas ,ANAEROBIC digestion ,ENERGY security - Abstract
Wheat straw (WS) is a promising substrate for biogas production by anaerobic digestion (AD) due to its high carbohydrate content. An estimated 0.603 million t yr
−1 of WS are generated from wheat production systems in South Africa. This is equivalent to an energy potential of 11 PJ. Despite this, WS is still undervalued as a bioenergy resource in South Africa due to its structural complexity and low nitrogen content. WS disposal methods, such as use in livestock bedding, burning and burying into the soil, inter alia, are not sustainable and may contribute to global warming and climate change. The commercialization of the AD of WS needs to be further developed and promoted. Pre-treatment (i.e., physical, chemical, biological and hybrid methods) and anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) are novel strategies that can support the conversion of WS into biogas and other value-added products. Current and future research should focus on optimizing pre-treatment and AcoD conditions towards industrialization of WS into valuable products. This paper focuses on the potential use of WS for biogas production in South Africa. The aim is to create information that will promote research and development, and encourage policy makers and stakeholders to participate and invest in WS biogas technology. Were WS biogas technology fully adopted, we believe that it would alleviate energy insecurity and environmental degradation, and sustain the livelihoods of citizens in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Transforming homes, transforming lives: The role of property logbooks in scaling retrofit.
- Author
-
Owens, Rachael
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY consumption , *SMALL business , *ENERGY security , *BURGLARY protection , *WELL-being - Abstract
The pace of good quality retrofit must be urgently scaled up across the UK, in order to tackle fuel poverty, improve the health and comfort of our homes, increase energy security and build climate resilience. Currently, however, incomplete information is used when designing retrofit policies and plans. There are barriers to the scale-up of good quality retrofit including citizen engagement, finance, supply chain uncertainty, a lack of trust and low uptake of quality assurance frameworks. This paper discusses the potential of enhanced, interoperable and democratised building, local and systems data to unlock many of these barriers. It will explore how the adoption of property logbooks across the UK can enable the aggregation of projects and drive access to finance. A retrofit plan for every home has the potential to engage and empower citizens and small to medium enterprise (SME) builders to act locally. This paper describes how the right packages of data can inform better decisions, what work has already been done to date, and how you can get involved in creating transformational change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Ensuring energy security: situating the Bay of Bengal in cooperative architecture narrative.
- Author
-
Basu Ray Chaudhury, Anasua
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY security , *POWER resources , *SUPPLY & demand , *AMMUNITION , *GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
In today's world, the concept of security is incomplete without the concept of energy security. Unless a country has access to uninterrupted flow of energy resources, its massive stockpile of weapons and ammunition is unlikely to keep it safe. Therefore, contemporary security studies include concerns about energy security as one of the key components of non-traditional security issues. Ensuring free access to energy for all – is a top priority in the BIMSTEC region. Trans-border cooperation can help diversify energy sources, reduce average supply costs, and meet peak demands as the gap between supply and demand grows in BIMSTEC countries. The paper examines the current energy scenario in BIMSTEC, evaluates the scope of cross-border energy trade in the region. Energy security and maritime security are intertwined with each other in today's world. The paper also addresses the broader geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic aspects of the Bay of Bengal, illustrating how maritime security is integral to ensuring energy security in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. How can we make an orderly transition away from fossil fuels? A global tour of modern energy.
- Author
-
Li, Xiaoyi
- Subjects
ENERGY industries ,ENERGY development ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,POLLUTION ,ENERGY security - Abstract
This paper analyzes the economic, social and political three-dimensional driving effects of new energy substitution for fossil energy under the joint action of market, government and international competition from three perspectives: profit motive, mutual benefit and responsibility motive, combined with the relevant data of 78 countries from 1965 to 2021. The results show that fossil energy prices and energy security positively influence the process of new energy substitution, and environmental pollution negatively affects the process of new energy substitution, and the pushback effect of energy security on new energy substitution is more significant in the study interval, indicating that at the beginning of the new energy revolution, global environmental governance and willingness to reduce emissions drive the development of new energy industry, but the "carbon emission reduction" of each country has increased the complexity of new energy substitution, especially in some developed countries in taking responsibility for global environmental governance divergent views. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that each country's energy strategy affects the degree of substitution of "quality" and "quantity" of new energy, and the speed, areas and corrective ability of new energy development vary among countries under different strategic choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. 中国能源的“不可能三角”真的不可能吗: -基于耦合协调度模型的实证检验.
- Author
-
王 毅, 蔡舒雅, 李晓婷, and 陆玉麒
- Subjects
- *
PROBABILITY density function , *ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) , *ENERGY development , *ENERGY security , *TRIANGLES - Abstract
In the context of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, the Energy Impossible Tri‐ angle may be the key variable that restricts the high-quality energy development in China. Tak‐ ing 30 provinces in China as the research object, this paper established an evaluation index sys‐ tem of energy security and reliability, economic feasibility, green and low-carbon (hereinafter re‐ ferred to as "Security-Economy-Green"). By using the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model and kernel density estimation method, this paper comprehensively studied the de‐ velopment level of energy "Security-Economy-Green" in China from 2005 to 2019, as well as the temporal evolution, spatial differentiation and convergence characteristics of the coupling co‐ ordination degree. The results show that: ① In the aspect of the temporal evolution, from 2005 to 2019, the coupling coordination degree of energy "Security-Economy-Green" has been steadi‐ ly increasing, gradually rising from the mild imbalance level to the near imbalance level, and the polarization phenomenon has gradually weakened, but most of the periods are in the state of "mild imbalance". ② In terms of spatial differentiation, our country energy "Security-Economy)Green" coupling coordination degree shows certain spatial heterogeneity, presenting the spatial differentiation pattern of "high in eastern and western regions, low in central and northeast re‐ gions". No significant rank transition occurred in each region and energy spatial pattern has cer‐ tain locking characteristics or path dependence. ③ As for the space convergence, the nation and four regions have absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence characteristics, and en‐ ergy "Security-Economy-Green" coupling coordination degree will eventually converge to the same steady state level over time. The region with a low coupling coordination degree grows faster compared to the high, and the regional gap is narrowing. Taken together, there is indeed a certain Energy Impossible Triangle problem in our country at present, but according to the trend, this problem is being gradually alleviated. Finally, from the perspective of dialectics and coun‐ termeasures, we put forward some thoughts on the Energy Impossible Triangle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Zellcheming-Expo 2023: Perspektiven der Zukunft, für die papier- und faserbasierte Industrie.
- Subjects
VALUE chains ,ENERGY security ,EXHIBITORS ,PAPER industry ,LECTURES & lecturing ,PROFESSIONAL employees - Abstract
Copyright of Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation is the property of dfv Mediengruppe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
43. The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review
- Author
-
Antonio Zuorro, Janet B. García-Martínez, and Andrés F. Barajas-Solano
- Subjects
catalytic upgrading ,020209 energy ,Biomass ,Liquid fuels ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Catalytic upgrading ,lcsh:Chemistry ,gasification ,hydrothermal liquefaction ,liquid fuels ,microalgal biomass ,pyrolysis ,thermochemical conversion ,Biogas ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,automotive_engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Biodiesel ,business.industry ,Fossil fuel ,biomedical_chemical_engineering ,Energy security ,Torrefaction ,Pulp and paper industry ,Hydrothermal liquefaction ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Biofuel ,Environmental science ,business ,Pyrolysis ,Gasification - Abstract
Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to its rapid growth and high carbon-fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, due to the complex structure of the biomass (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins), the obtained biofuels from direct thermochemical conversion have large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on the catalyst-mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.
- Published
- 2021
44. Australia's Energy Security and Statecraft in an Era of Strategic Competition.
- Author
-
Vivoda, Vlado
- Subjects
ENERGY security ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ENERGY industries ,POWER resources ,SWOT analysis - Abstract
Previously published studies on Australia's energy security did not examine the country's domestic energy security situation in tandem with its international energy statecraft. This paper fills this research gap. In order to provide a robust analysis of a country's strategic options in the energy sector, it is paramount to balance domestic and international dimensions, along with internal and external factors. The paper utilizes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) method to review Australia's strategic options by balancing the inward-looking, domestic risk minimization dimension (energy security), with the outward-looking, international power projection dimension (energy statecraft). The paper also applies the 4A framework (availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptance) to assess Australia's energy security performance. On the one hand, the results demonstrate that Australia has many strengths and opportunities as a reliable and stable energy supplier, endowed with traditional and renewable energy resources, and critical minerals. On the other hand, numerous internal weaknesses and external threats may affect Australia's strategic options in the future. The most pressing issue is the historical lack of strategic government intervention in the energy market, which has, paradoxically, resulted in domestic energy accessibility and affordability crisis. The market-based approach is also the main reason why Australia has not transformed its energy resources into capabilities to be used as instruments of statecraft. The paper uses the SWOT analysis and the 4A assessment as the basis for discussion on how Australia can transform its energy sector weaknesses and threats into strengths and opportunities, to benefit the national interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Past, Present, and Future of Critical Issues in Energy: Poverty, Transition and Security—A Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Popescu, Catalin, Hysa, Eglantina, Panait, Mirela, and Çela, Arjona
- Subjects
THRESHOLD energy ,RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- ,ENERGY security ,GREY literature ,POVERTY - Abstract
In these last decades, especially after the Russia–Ukraine war, the impact of energy related to issues, such as energy poverty, energy transition, and energy security have been heavily debated. To comprehend the conceptual development of this subject in the academic literature, few studies tackle the problems above by reviewing earlier research on the subject. Inspired by this interest and literature ago in this field, this study aimed to address the past, present, and future advancements of critical issues in this regard. Thus, in this review paper performed during February–April 2023, we employed the PRISMA method selecting and checking the review papers articles indexed in the three databases of Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and JSTOR. Then, the research was followed by extending it and adding some other articles discovered on the gray literature. After a detailed classification of articles, a total of 2615 review articles were deemed valid for this analysis. The study's key contributions is the classification of the some cluster themes for the metasynthesis analyses, which point to potential future directions with a special focus on governmental policies to pursue some macrolevel goals concerning energy poverty, energy transition, and energy security in our daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH ON BIOECONOMY INDUSTRIES IN LATVIA.
- Author
-
Pilvere, Irina, Upite, Ilze, Nipers, Aleksejs, and Pilvere, Aija
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE development ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,RESEARCH & development ,DEVELOPING countries ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,KNOWLEDGE transfer ,ENERGY security ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The knowledge-based bioeconomy has been prioritized through European Union (EU) research and innovation policies. In December 2017, the government approved the Latvian Bioeconomy Strategy 2030, which set the horizontal strategic goal of achieving "research excellence in traditional bioeconomy industries and efficient transfer of knowledge". Therefore, the aim of the present research is to examine one of the submeasures "promoting research excellence and efficient knowledge transfer within traditional bioeconomy industries" for the implementation of the strategic goal of the Latvian Bioeconomy Strategy 2030 regarding "Knowledge and Innovations" in Latvia. The research found that the development of research on the bioeconomy depends on the overall situation in research and development (R&D) in the country. In 2021 in Latvia, total expenditure on scientific research was low, only 0.71% of GDP, of which 64% was EU funds and private funding. The national Smart Specialization Strategy (RIS3) defines five main fields to be developed in Latvia, and one of them is a knowledgeintensive bioeconomy. In 2018, 1600 scientists worked in this field, which was 23% of the total number of scientists engaged in RIS3 fields. The amount of R&D funding attracted to the bioeconomy field in 2014-2018 was only EUR 27 mln. or 14% of total funding for RIS3 fields, which indicated the insufficient ability of bioeconomy scientists to attract funding and their lower labour productivity. Nine main research institutions employed 89% of the total personnel engaged in the bioeconomy field, who were the authors of 98% of WoS-indexed research papers published in 2014-2018. In the future, the most important research priorities for the bioeconomy field are going to be mitigation of negative climate change impacts, as well as food and energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Trends for Stirling Engines in Households: A Systematic Literature Review.
- Author
-
Kubule, Anna, Kramens, Jānis, Bimbere, Madara, Pedišius, Nerijus, and Blumberga, Dagnija
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,STIRLING engines ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,HEAT engines ,EXTREME weather ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
Reliable heat and power supply are among the basic household needs nowadays. It is especially topical in rural or distant locations that may be cut off from the energy grid due to extreme weather or other events. Nonetheless, the sustainability of our power production systems has to be considered to sustain our planet's long-term abilities to provide energy resources and a viable environment. Renewable energy resources must be prioritized in rural and remote areas, simultaneously strengthening distributed production ability and self-sufficiency. In this context, the use of the Stirling engine for heat to power generation in households, on the scale of small communities, and by using only renewable resources is becoming increasingly topical. Therefore, this research aims to identify the current state-of-the-art for Stirling engine applications using biomass as a renewable energy source, in the context of sustainability and energy security. The paper summarizes the current research tendencies at the household level in the use of biomass-based Stirling engines for renewable heat and power generation in decentralized energy systems. The methodology applied is a structured literature review and content analysis. The research results corroborate the progress towards the use of renewable resources and towards increased energy efficiency because the keyword and overlay analysis showed more frequent publishing in these areas. The content analysis on two more specific sub-directions of interest, i.e., biomass-fuelled Stirling engine use in households and Stirling engine implications on energy security, showed that though research activity in these directions has increased lately, more profound research is needed, especially on aspects of energy security and independence. The content analysis revealed a lack of in-depth analysis on the effects of Stirling engine use on energy security or energy independence, which is suggested as a topical subject for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Security Challenges in the Application of Blockchain Technology in Energy Trading.
- Author
-
Karisma, Karisma
- Subjects
BLOCKCHAINS ,ENERGY industries ,ENERGY security ,INTERNET security ,INTERNET laws - Abstract
This paper examines the interplay between blockchain technology and the energy sector, focusing on security limits, barriers, and challenges. The authors discusses the primary components of cyber risks, including threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts that plague blockchain systems and their application, network, and data layers. Further, anonymity is a key feature of blockchain, ensuring that blockchain users, nodes, and miners remain unidentifiable by any measure. Therefore, perpetrator-focused measures are not viable when assigning responsibility for dangerous and illegal conduct. There are concerns that the concealment of identity will broaden blockchain attack surfaces and pose risks to energy security. The authors also emphasises the need for a well-defined and consistent legal and regulatory framework to address the complexities of blockchain development in the energy sector and assert that the maturity of blockchain in this industry will depend on balancing security and user rights and suggest implementing ex-ante and ex-post measures. This paper is novel; the author seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the security challenges faced by blockchain-based energy applications and offer practical solutions for mitigating these cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. New Foods as a Factor in Enhancing Energy Security.
- Author
-
Skawińska, Eulalia and Zalewski, Romuald I.
- Subjects
ENERGY security ,POWER resources ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,CALORIC content of foods ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Increasing energy security is a crucial component of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Three main factors influence energy security: (1) the efficiency of resource use in energy production, (2) the extent of energy losses, and (3) the use of new energy sources. Novel food products can impact these factors, and this paper explores whether they are being studied in the context of reducing energy consumption. Specifically, we investigate the role of technical progress and know-how in the creation and development of novel food products and whether novel methods of food production using artificial intelligence aim to reduce energy expenditures while improving product quality, variety, and the use of new energy sources. This paper seeks to examine the impact determinants of novel foods on energy security, considering economic, technological, social, and environmental aspects of knowledge about new food. To implement the study, the relevant international literature published in the past ten years have been reviewed and methods of modeling, visualization, and descriptive statistics applied. The review is structured into three sections: the first section presents ways to save energy and other resources in the food production chain through the intensive use of artificial intelligence tools; the second section presents the development of novel food products; and the last section presents marketing challenges for novel foods. The findings show that the topic addressed by this paper is currently critical, with many authorities, research centers, food producers, and energy producers interested. However, the research problem remains open, as a systematic review of secondary sources revealed little knowledge of the topic under study, and each author's study presents a new solution. The conclusion is that utilizing new foods and innovative production techniques that require less energy not only enhances production diversity but also improves its quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A review of hybrid renewable energies optimisation: design, methodologies, and criteria.
- Author
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Ajiboye, Olalekan Kunle, Ochiegbu, Chimere Victor, Ofosu, Eric Antwi, and Gyamfi, Samuel
- Subjects
MATHEMATICAL optimization ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,CARBON emissions ,NATURE conservation ,ENERGY security - Abstract
Over the years, several achievements have been made in power generation and optimising hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) to achieve nature conservation, achieve energy security, and reduce carbon emissions. However, there are many complexities in Renewable energy (RE) conversion, sizing, design, and implementation, that require optimisation techniques to achieve optimal results in terms of reliability, cost, and environmental protection over time. This paper presents an overview of research trends in Optimization methods in HRES which are classified into modern and conventional methods. These two classifications are further divided into control methods, Artificial intelligence, Iterative and mathematical operations. However, all mentioned techniques have inherent advantages and disadvantages which will be discussed in this survey. In addition, the review paper explored different types of research in computing intelligence (CI), an aspect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that involves the development of nature-inspired algorithms for optimisation. Finally, general optimisation criteria, system sizing methods used in RES, Mathematical modelling of RES, and gaps for future work to achieve sustainability were also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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