737 results
Search Results
2. Living Standards and Material Culture in English Rural Households 1300-1600. Data Paper
- Author
-
Chris Briggs, Alice Forward, and Ben Jervis
- Subjects
archaeology ,medieval ,post-medieval ,material culture ,records ,inventory ,england ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The data in the related digital archive was collected to examine the archaeological and historical evidence for material culture in English medieval rural households, with the aim of gaining a fuller picture than what might be attainable by looking only at objects or documents in isolation. The digital archive provides a starting point for anyone wishing to research aspects of medieval rural settlement.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Richter transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper
- Author
-
Toby A. Eyre, John Riches, Peter Hillmen, George A Follows, Piers E.M. Patten, Renata Walewska, Helen Marr, and Anna Schuh
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hematology ,Lymphocytic leukaemia ,Richter transformation ,business.industry ,Prognosis ,Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ,Dermatology ,England ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Good practice - Published
- 2021
4. Enforcing the Nationally Described Space Standard: the regulation of “Sub-standard” English housing
- Author
-
Hubbard, Phil
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A performance-driving model for public-sector construction framework procurement in England
- Author
-
Lam, Terence Y.M. and Gale, Keith S.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The role of the Mental Health Act 1983 in safeguarding adults at risk of abuse and neglect: a thematic analysis of safeguarding adults reviews
- Author
-
Foss, Deborah
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A comparative study on the perceptions of Dutch and British Muslim leadership regarding social-political challenges
- Author
-
Gökçekuyu, Ertuğrul
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The influence of national culture on employee voice in small and medium enterprises: a cross-cultural perspective
- Author
-
McKearney, Aidan, Prouska, Rea, Tungtakanpoung, Monrudee, and Opute, John
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Teaching history in Japan and England: exchanging ideas and comparing knowledge
- Author
-
Fearns-Davies, Matthew, Kubota, Tsutomu, Tachibana, Fumina, Kato, Yuko, and Davies, Ian
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Lessons from abroad for funding long-term care in England: a prospective policy transfer perspective on official documents
- Author
-
Powell, Martin
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Federated networks in England and Australia cricket: a model of economic dependency and financial insecurity
- Author
-
Millar, Robbie, Plumley, Daniel, Wilson, Rob, and Dickson, Geoff
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Creating pre-conditions for change in clinical practice: the influence of interactions between multiple contexts and human agency
- Author
-
Myall, Michelle, May, Carl, Richardson, Alison, Bogle, Sarah, Campling, Natasha, Dace, Sally, and Lund, Susi
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Assessment methods in entrepreneurship education, challenges and opportunities in developed and developing nations: a comparative study of Nigeria and England
- Author
-
Babatunde, Simeon, El-Gohary, Hatem, and Edwards, David
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Understanding the complexity of system-level leadership in the English schooling landscape
- Author
-
Constantinides, Michalis
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The part of justices of the peace in establishing of the English navy in the late 16th – early 17th centuries (by the materials of Norfolk county)
- Author
-
Vladimir P. Mitrofanov
- Subjects
england ,norfolk ,justice of the peace ,nathaniel bacon ,«papers» ,recruitment of sailors ,earl of nottingam ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
Background. The activity of justices of the peace as authorities in the counties of England during the Tudors and the first Stuarts, although considered by historians, have not yet been studied, which is noted in the research. By the materials of Nathaniel Bacon, who was the justice of the peace of the Norfolk county, one of the little-studied aspects of the activity of justices of the peace is considered, namely their part in the formation of marine crews for the Royal Navy. Materials and methods. Using the case-studies method, observing the principle of historicism, and the method of analysis and synthesis, various documentary and narrative sources available in the collection of N. Bacon fore the period 1580–1620 are analyzed. Results. An analysis of the sources showed the degree of participation of the justiceof the peace N. Bacon in the recruitment of sailors in the fifteen hundred of Norfolk county at the end of the 16th century and in 1620. His financial expenses fore these purposes and some other administrative actions are noted. The quantitative and personal date of people recruited into the Royal Navy are also determined. Conclusions. In addition to his participation in the socio-economic issue of local life, N. Bacon Was directly involved in the recruitment of sailors for the Royal Navy, using state’s funds. It was an episodic activity, but it required the justice of peace to personally visit the towns and villages of the county, accounting for state’s funds, maintaining contacts with both the constables of the hundreds and the officials of the Crown. The royal authority was pleased with his work in this regard. Without the participation of justices of peace, it is unlikely that officials of maritime department would be able to quickly recruit marine crews.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Income Trajectories and Precarity in Later life
- Author
-
Marshall, Alan, Eke, Chima, Guthrie, Bruce, Pugh, Carys, and Seth, Sohan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The quest for certainty: Introducing zoning into a discretionary system in England and the European experience.
- Author
-
Dembski, Sebastian and O'Brien, Phil
- Subjects
CERTAINTY ,ZONING ,DECISION making ,NEGOTIATION - Abstract
Copyright of Raumforschung und Raumordnung is the property of Oekom Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. "Lost in Flowers & Foolery": A Gendered Reading of the 9th Earl of Devon's Flower Watercolors.
- Author
-
Stewart, James Thomas
- Subjects
WATERCOLOR painting ,BUILT environment ,FLOWERS in art ,EIGHTEENTH century ,FLOWERS ,COUNTRY homes - Abstract
William Courtenay, 3rd Viscount Courtenay and 9th Earl of Devon (1768–1835), has been most remembered for his romantic relationship with author and slave owner, William Beckford (1760–1844), which scandalized London society in 1784. However, the 9th Earl's life after this event has received little attention despite his artistic contributions to the built environment of his ancestral home of Powderham Castle in Devon. In the 1790s, he created a series of flower watercolors on paper and cabinets under the supervision of his drawing master, William Marshall Craig (c.1765–1827). These artworks complicate ideas about gendered expectations of amateur artistic subjects, with flower painting being largely understood as a feminine accomplishment. This article explores the Earl's watercolors in the context of the spaces at Powderham to argue they are evidence of his effeminate behavior and participation in female activities alongside his thirteen sisters. The association of these objects with a man attracted to those of his own sex contribute to studies of queerness, amateur art, and the country house in the late eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Business cycle transmission between France and United Kingdom.
- Author
-
Dadej, Mateusz
- Subjects
BUSINESS cycles ,IMPULSE response ,GRANGER causality test ,VECTOR autoregression model ,GROSS domestic product - Abstract
Purpose: The literature mostly investigates the business cycle transmission of the United Kingdom (UK) and France as a part of a wider group (e.g. European Exchange Rate Mechanism or G7), despite their historical links and regional significance. Thus, herein paper aims to analyse the inter-dependence of these economies and how a shock from one of them affects the other for the data since 1978 to 2019. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, first, preliminary statistics were calculated in order to describe the historical relationship between these countries. The econometric part estimates the vector auto-regression model (VAR) to assess the inter-dependence of the economies. VAR model allows further to inspect the impulse response functions that shows the shock dynamics from one country to another. In order to verify if a shock from one of the economies is important to another, the study uses granger causality test. Findings: The study establishes a strong link between these countries. A business cycle is transmitted significantly between the economies of France and UK, with a single standard deviation shock from France resulting in a long term effect of 0.4% change in gross domestic product (GDP) of UK and 1% vice versa. Additionally changes in GDP of both of the countries significantly Granger-cause change to GDP of the corresponding economy. Originality/value: This is the first empirical study investigating the business cycle transmission between France and UK and providing a quantitative assessment of their inter-dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Seeing no net loss: Making nature offset-able.
- Author
-
Carver, Louise
- Subjects
NET losses ,POLITICAL ecology ,CARTESIAN coordinates ,ECONOMIC sociology ,REAL estate development ,BIODIVERSITY ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
Policies for biodiversity no net loss and net gain underwrite narratives for green growth through advancing reparative logics to ongoing habitat impacts. By enabling offsetting practices that risk accommodating rather than averting land change developments, net principles are said to resemble modes of 'accumulation by environmental restoration'. Biodiversity net principles are frequently depicted visually as a diagram of the mitigation hierarchy for communicational ease and have proliferated over recent decades despite little evidence for their ecological effectiveness. This paper combines economic sociology, visual media analysis of the net diagram and political ecology to account for the stabilisation of net principles in policy frameworks. It highlights the upstream imaginative work that this visual tool and its wider assemblages perform to support offsetting and habitat banking practices on the ground. The paper positions the NNL diagram as a conceptual and ideational technology. It traces the practices through which biodiversity is rationalised by the Cartesian coordinates of an XY schematic, and en-framed as a measure of numerical value on a vertical scale. The effect is to engender coherence to the idea of netting out differences in aggregate sums of biodiversity unit value, making nature conceptually offset-able. I develop this account through a history of the diagram as well as the broader processes that have shaped the policy and its arrival in English planning frameworks. Observers increasingly question how biodiversity offsetting and no net loss/ net gain have become so popular when their empirical foundations are so weak. This paper proposes that within the wider assemblages of actors, one answer is located in the potency and mobility of conceptual technologies such as diagrams of no net loss or net gain of biodiversity and the logic of balance-sheet accounting that is imbricated within the visual design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Reframing race and widening access into higher education.
- Author
-
Madriaga, Manuel
- Subjects
CRITICAL race theory ,EDUCATION policy ,EDUCATION advocacy ,ACADEMIC achievement ,HIGHER education - Abstract
This paper draws attention to empirical work on widening access to understand the silence on race matters in English higher education. This work repurposes a critical race theoretical framework that offers a glimpse of how the issue of unequal access to higher education has been framed in the research field. It is argued here that the framing of widening access reveals a persistent colour-evasiveness that is dominant. The findings show that widening access policy has not benefitted students of colour as they are not accessing higher education with the same kind of success as their white peers. The paper concludes for a call for race-conscious interventions to remedy the continued race inequity in accessing highly rejective institutions based on the evidence gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Learning and Teaching of Climate Change, Sustainability and Disaster Risk Reduction in Teacher Education in England and Japan.
- Author
-
Kitagawa, Kaori
- Subjects
TEACHER educators ,TEACHER education ,GEOGRAPHY ,CLIMATE change education ,GEOGRAPHY teachers ,CLIMATE change ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
This paper reports the study which explored the learning and teaching of the topics of climate change, sustainability and disaster risk reduction in secondary-level teacher education programs in England and Japan. Through interviewing teacher educators, the study particularly probed how teacher education programs used local knowledge and collaboration in discussing the above topics. Geography tends to be the main subject area for these global agendas, but its crammed curriculum is "an ongoing challenge" for teacher education. Some researchers demonstrate that university-based initial teacher education has "ignored" training teachers on how to implement environmental and sustainability education at schools. Besides, the inquiries into how initial teacher education equips geography teachers for the learning and teaching of disaster risk reduction are still scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap by bringing together the fields of geography education, climate change and sustainability education, disaster risk reduction education and initial teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Negotiating Stakeholder Relationships in a Regional Circular Economy: Discourse Analysis of Multi-scalar Policies and Company Statements from the North of England
- Author
-
Newsholme, Aodhan, Deutz, Pauline, Affolderbach, Julia, and Baumgartner, Rupert J.
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Circular economy ,England ,Critical discourse analysis ,General Engineering ,Regional development ,Resource efficiency ,Supply chains - Abstract
Circular economy (CE) literature discusses the need for cooperation between different stakeholders to promote a CE; there is also an assumption regarding the benefits of loop closing on a local or regional scale. However, the potentially conflicting priorities, understandings, and expectations of the stakeholders involved have not been sufficiently addressed. Regional (or local) authorities have a responsibility to promote prosperity for stakeholders in their administrative region, within the constraints of national policy; conversely companies can have financial imperatives associated with stakeholders who may be globally distributed. Evidence of these conflicting priorities, the various positions stakeholder take, and their expectations of each other can be seen in the language choices regional actors make in their public-facing policy and report documents. The aim of the paper is to consider the challenges for creating a regional-scale CE that might arise from the differing priorities and values of companies and public agencies relating to specific places. It uses discourse analysis (including critical approaches) to examine how policy and business documents represent the stakeholders of the CE, their place in it, their priorities, and, importantly, the relationship between CE actors, focusing on the case of North Humberside on the North East coast of England. The plans set out in these reports are designed for external stakeholders and allow us to gain an insight into company and policy thinking in relation to CE developments in the coming years, including how they view each other’s roles. Findings indicate a shared motivation across scales and sectors for the CE as a means towards sustainable growth within which business plays a central role. However, there is a critical double disjuncture between different visions for implementation. First, between policy scales, a regional-scale CE is prioritised by regional policymakers, who have an interest in economic advantage being tied to a specific place and call for national scale support for their actions. Second, between regional policymakers and business, companies focus on their own internal operations and potential supply chain collaborations, with little attention given to the regional scale. This can be seen in the way organisations represent the actors of a nascent CE differently. In addition, a hegemonic business-focused growth discourse excludes other visions of the CE; the public are relegated to a passive role primarily as consumers and recipients of under-specified “opportunities” of wealth creation. CE theorisations need to incorporate and address these critical perspectives in order to support the development of strategies to overcome them.
- Published
- 2022
24. Graduates' responses to student loan debt in England: "sort of like an acceptance, but with anxiety attached".
- Author
-
Callender, Claire and Davis, Susila
- Subjects
STUDENT loan debt ,UNDERGRADUATES ,ANXIETY ,VIOLENCE ,GOVERNMENT aid to higher education - Abstract
In 2020–2021, 94% of undergraduates in England took out government-backed loans to fund their higher education. The growing and widespread use of student loans in England, mounting student debt, and governments' increasing dependence on tuition fees underwritten by loans to finance public higher education raise important questions which this paper seeks to address. Specifically, the paper asks how do graduates respond to student loan debt and what does this tells us about the nature of the relationship between the graduate debtor and the state lender? We also question the usefulness of symbolic violence as a sociological lens to better understand graduates' different patterns of responses and reactions to student loan debt and their relationship with the state lender. Our analysis draws on 98 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with English graduates between 2020 and 2021. We conclude that a more comprehensive explanation requires an exploration of both symbolic violence and structural violence and a re-appraisal of the word 'violence' to better represent the wide range of graduates' responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A qualitative evaluation of the national rollout of a diabetes prevention programme in England.
- Author
-
Brunton, Lisa, Soiland-Reyes, Claudia, and Wilson, Paul
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,BLOOD sugar ,PREVENTION ,DIABETES ,WEIGHT loss - Abstract
Background: The National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP) was commissioned by NHS England in 2016 and rolled out in three 'waves' across the whole of England. It aims to help people with raised blood glucose levels reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes through behaviour change techniques (e.g., weight loss, dietary changes and exercise). An independent, longitudinal, mixed methods evaluation of the NHS DPP was undertaken. We report the findings from the implementation work package: a qualitative interview study with designated local leads, responsible for the local commissioning and implementation of the programme. The aim of the study was to explore how local implementation processes were enacted and adapted over time. Methods: We conducted a telephone interview study across two time-points. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews with local leads across 19 sampled case sites were undertaken between October 2019 and January 2020 and 13 interviews with local leads across 13 sampled case sites were conducted between July 2020 and August 2020. Interviews aimed to reflect on the experience of implementation and explore how things changed over time. Results: We identified four overarching themes to show how implementation was locally enacted and adapted across the sampled case sites: 1. Adapting to provider change; 2. Identification and referral; 3. Enhancing uptake in underserved populations; and 4. Digital and remote service options. Conclusion: This paper reports how designated local leads, responsible for local implementation of the NHS DPP, adapted implementation efforts over the course of a changing national diabetes prevention programme, including how local leads adapted implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper highlights three main factors that influence implementation: the importance of facilitation, the ability (or not) to tailor interventions to local needs and the role of context in implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Beyond Public Health, Beyond Spatial Planning Boundary-Spanning Policy Regime of Urban Health in England.
- Author
-
KOKSAL, CAGLAR and WONG, CECILIA
- Subjects
URBAN policy ,PUBLIC health ,URBAN health ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
In this paper we argue that to tackle complex issues such as urban health, there is a need not only of understanding the limitation of different policy subsystems, but also of the interplay of the ideas, interests, and institutional arrangements that underpin cross-boundary challenges. This paper unpacks the dynamics of policymaking between public health and spatial planning by adopting boundary-spanning policy regime theory to trace the alignment and divergence of urban health issues across the two policy subsystems in England. Greater Manchester, heralded as an exemplar of collaborative governance in England, is used as a case study to test the strength of and tensions within the urban health policy regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
27. "From the cradle up we have been fed on battles and heroic deeds": The Militarization of Adolescent Boys in England, 1897-1916
- Author
-
Godfrey, Cameron Blake
- Subjects
- World War One, England, Militarization, Underage soldiers, Pleasure Cultures of War, Boy's Own Paper
- Abstract
Approximately 400,000 underage soldiers served in the British Armed Forces during the First World War. This thesis examines the cultural and social factors that potentially influenced and compelled young boys to lie about their ages and head to the front where the war would quickly shatter their illusions of adventure and glory. Youth organizations, schooling, organized sports, toys, and ideas of Empire all worked in tandem to provide an overly romanticized representation of war and at the same time implemented ways to reverse perceived societal and racial decline. Using the Boy’s Own Paper as a case study, this thesis explores the way narratives in contemporary media, as well as mass organizations and popular culture, promoted militarism and patriotism to English youths.
- Published
- 2024
28. LATCHES – a memory aide for the principles of attachment for effective breastfeeding: findings of a regional pilot in the Northeast of England and North Cumbria.
- Author
-
Shotton, Lynette Harland, Elliot, Cheryl, Nunn, Roslyn, and Lane, Kathryn
- Abstract
Background: This paper outlines a pilot of a new memory aide for breastfeeding conducted in the Northeast of England and North Cumbria between April and August 2023. The United Kingdom has some of the lowest rates of breastfeeding, particularly in the Northeast of England, and as such more needs to be done to support mothers to breastfeed for as long as they would like to. Good support from health professionals can be effective in influencing decisions to breastfeed as well as helping to ensure initiation and continuation of breastfeeding but there is evidence to suggest that professionals and students do not always feel adequately trained and it is here, where memory aides may have value. Methods: Key breastfeeding practitioners and educators were brought together to select one of two memory aides for principles of attachment for effective breastfeeding. The selected memory aide, LATCHS, was piloted with 57 participants with a key role in promotion and support of breastfeeding in the Northeast of England and North Cumbria. Results: Participants conveyed mixed views about the proposed memory aide with more experienced staff reporting more favourable opinions than student midwives and early years practitioners. Experienced staff felt the new memory aide would complement an early memory aide, CHINS, which focused on principles of positioning. Discussion: Findings of the pilot indicate there is a role for a mnemonic to help practitioners understand, recall, and retain theory around attachment for effective breastfeeding and that memory aides can play an important role in complementing existing approaches to education and practice. The participants felt the proposed memory aide had some limitations and suggested important ways for it to be improved, particularly in adding an E to reflect the expecting wording. This produced the final memory aide: LATCHES. Conclusion: Using data from the pilot, the memory aide was refined, and the final version LATCHES agreed for wider dissemination. Future research is needed to understand the value of LATCHES on the wider breastfeeding workforce and whether any future improvements can be made to enhance its utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Principles for delivering transformative co‐design methodologies with multiple stakeholders for achieving nature recovery in England.
- Author
-
Barkley, Lucy, Chivers, Charlotte‐Anne, Short, Chris, and Bloxham, Hannah
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *PARTICIPANT observation , *LAND management , *EMPLOYEE participation in management , *HOPE - Abstract
Achieving successful multi‐stakeholder collaboration for sustainable outcomes is complex. This paper provides key principles for future co‐design projects aimed at fostering an inclusive approach to research. These have been developed based on a novel methodology that co‐designed the essential components of a long‐term, collaborative agreement for a nature recovery scheme in England. Using an assortment of iterative, deliberative participatory methods, this research engaged a wide variety of stakeholders to produce a template agreement for an agri‐environmental policy. We demonstrate that a flexible, highly reflective approach resulted in positive engagement with previously marginalised stakeholders. The approach also successfully navigated the unequal power dynamics seen both within and between groups. Finally, multiple feedback loops allowed participants to continually build on previous interactions as they developed and reviewed the agreement. By drawing out the complexities of the co‐design process, this paper explains how co‐design efforts can produce potentially transformative outputs. We hope that the principles introduced here offer a useful starting point for those planning to undertake multi‐stakeholder co‐design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. National identities among minority and ‘majority’ ethnic groups: evidence from the 2021 census in England and Wales.
- Author
-
Bond, Ross
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL character , *CULTURAL pluralism , *MINORITIES , *SOCIAL classes , *CENSUS , *ETHNIC groups - Abstract
This paper employs data from the 2021 UK census to initially explore sub-state (English, Welsh) national identities among minority ethnic groups. This shows that these identities remain much more exclusive of people in minority groups than is a British identity, and that this exclusion is particularly marked with respect to English identity. The analysis then builds on this observation using similar data to examine English identification among the White British ‘majority’ in a ‘superdiverse’ city – London. Attributes which are typically shared by London boroughs in which identification as English deviates most from the national average, and multi-variable analysis which considers the ethnic structure of the borough in which an individual lives alongside other key factors (age, education, social class) suggest differences in identification between people living in boroughs that are characterised by more established and extensive ethnic diversity and those in boroughs transitioning from a previously more homogeneous (white) ethnic structure. In exploring how the articulation of a specific national identity might relate to ethnically-diverse or ‘superdiverse’ contexts, the paper uniquely contributes to recent research which calls for a stronger focus on how people who do not belong to migrant-minority groups might respond to living in such contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. ‘I get in before they do’: the impact of voice and visibility on girls’ experience of being at risk of permanent exclusion from School.
- Author
-
Emma, Clarke
- Abstract
This paper explores the experiences of a small sample of girls in English schools at risk of permanent exclusion. A range of visual methods were used to collect data from girls in mainstream secondary schools and an alternative provision setting which formed the basis of subsequent interviews. Through an examination of extant research and the data from this study, it is argued that issues of visibility and voice continue to be prevalent for girls at the margins of education. This paper contends that within the current educational climate in England, girls’ experiences appear to have remained the same as, or deteriorated compared to their contemporaries 20 years ago. It concludes by suggesting some possible next steps and implications for schools and those supporting girls in educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Dynamics of unmet need for social care in England.
- Author
-
Vlachantoni, Athina, Evandrou, Maria, Falkingham, Jane, and Qin, Min
- Subjects
- *
ELDER care , *GOVERNMENT policy , *RESEARCH funding , *SOCIAL services , *LONGITUDINAL method , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *MEDICAL needs assessment - Abstract
Meeting individuals' social care needs is a core element of UK social policy. However, the conceptualisation and operationalisation of 'unmet need' remain a challenge. This paper advances our understanding by incorporating a temporal dimension into the conceptual framework on unmet need to investigate the dynamics of met and unmet need for social care over time. Using data from Waves 8 and 9 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this paper examines five possible trajectories among individuals with a social care need for bathing or dressing at baseline: (a) no longer having such a need; (b) having continued needs met; (c) delayed needs met; (d) newly arisen unmet needs; and (e) repeated unmet needs. The results indicate that amongst those with need at baseline, unmet need has decreased over time – indicating that some needs for social care may be fulfilled with a delay. However, a significant proportion of older people experienced repeated unmet needs, particularly those who were younger, with no spouse or civil partner, and those whose activities of daily living index scores worsened over time. Understanding the dynamics of unmet need can support policy makers in better ensuring that those facing an elevated risk of repeated unmet need over time do not fall through the social care safety net. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Analysis of a Web-Based Dashboard to Support the Use of National Audit Data in Quality Improvement: Realist Evaluation
- Author
-
Lynn McVey, Richard G. Feltbower, Natasha Alvarado, Roy A. Ruddle, Mamas A. Mamas, Joanne Greenhalgh, Dawn Dowding, Mai Elshehaly, Rebecca Randell, Chris P Gale, Robert West, and Patrick Doherty
- Subjects
Knowledge management ,Quality management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,audit ,Health Informatics ,Audit ,User expectations ,RA0421 ,Intensive care ,Health care ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Child ,media_common ,Clinical governance ,Original Paper ,Internet ,support ,Data collection ,business.industry ,dashboards ,Data Collection ,QualDash ,Quality Improvement ,R1 ,data ,England ,quality ,business ,Psychology ,Delivery of Health Care ,RA - Abstract
Background Dashboards can support data-driven quality improvements in health care. They visualize data in ways intended to ease cognitive load and support data comprehension, but how they are best integrated into working practices needs further investigation. Objective This paper reports the findings of a realist evaluation of a web-based quality dashboard (QualDash) developed to support the use of national audit data in quality improvement. Methods QualDash was co-designed with data users and installed in 8 clinical services (3 pediatric intensive care units and 5 cardiology services) across 5 health care organizations (sites A-E) in England between July and December 2019. Champions were identified to support adoption. Data to evaluate QualDash were collected between July 2019 and August 2021 and consisted of 148.5 hours of observations including hospital wards and clinical governance meetings, log files that captured the extent of use of QualDash over 12 months, and a questionnaire designed to assess the dashboard’s perceived usefulness and ease of use. Guided by the principles of realist evaluation, data were analyzed to understand how, why, and in what circumstances QualDash supported the use of national audit data in quality improvement. Results The observations revealed that variation across sites in the amount and type of resources available to support data use, alongside staff interactions with QualDash, shaped its use and impact. Sites resourced with skilled audit support staff and established reporting systems (sites A and C) continued to use existing processes to report data. A number of constraints influenced use of QualDash in these sites including that some dashboard metrics were not configured in line with user expectations and staff were not fully aware how QualDash could be used to facilitate their work. In less well-resourced services, QualDash automated parts of their reporting process, streamlining the work of audit support staff (site B), and, in some cases, highlighted issues with data completeness that the service worked to address (site E). Questionnaire responses received from 23 participants indicated that QualDash was perceived as useful and easy to use despite its variable use in practice. Conclusions Web-based dashboards have the potential to support data-driven improvement, providing access to visualizations that can help users address key questions about care quality. Findings from this study point to ways in which dashboard design might be improved to optimize use and impact in different contexts; this includes using data meaningful to stakeholders in the co-design process and actively engaging staff knowledgeable about current data use and routines in the scrutiny of the dashboard metrics and functions. In addition, consideration should be given to the processes of data collection and upload that underpin the quality of the data visualized and consequently its potential to stimulate quality improvement. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033208
- Published
- 2021
34. Private equity and the regulation of financialised infrastructure: the case of Macquarie in Britain's water and energy networks.
- Author
-
Bayliss, Kate, Van Waeyenberge, Elisa, and Bowles, Benjamin O. L.
- Subjects
INVESTORS ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,INDIVIDUAL investors ,PRIVATE equity funds ,ECONOMIES of scale ,INFRASTRUCTURE funds ,PRIVATE equity ,SMART power grids - Abstract
This paper explores the ways that private equity practices of financialised value extraction have migrated to the water sector in England. In line with the financialisation literature more broadly, we show how private equity investors have found innovative financial mechanisms for increasing investor returns that are unrelated to productive activity. The resulting financialised, highly-indebted corporate structures create costs and risks for utilities which raise concerns for social equity. The regulatory response to these financial innovations has been slow and had limited effect. The regulatory toolbox, governed by a narrative of competition, has consistently been biased towards investors and misses much of the scope of financialised corporate extraction. A review of the activities of a major private equity investor, Macquarie, active across numerous infrastructure sectors in the UK, illustrates the dynamic way in which infrastructure funds are moved across investments and sectors in ways that can escape regulatory processes and increase investor returns. The paper shows how the regulator is caught in an impossible bind in meeting the contradictory and contested interests of investors, end users and the state such that we question whether the socially equitable regulation of financialised infrastructure can ever be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. An exploration of concepts and polices on 'affordable housing' in England, Italy, Poland and The Netherlands.
- Author
-
Czischke, Darinka and van Bortel, Gerard
- Subjects
HOUSING development ,HOUSING ,HOUSING policy ,POLICE ,RURAL-urban relations - Abstract
The term 'affordable housing' has been rapidly gaining currency over the last decade across Europe, both in policy and research circles. While it is often used as a synonym or close relative of the term 'social housing', more recently it is finding its own definition and policy instruments in specific cities and countries. However, boundaries between both concepts remain unclear. To shed light on recent developments of each of these terms, this paper presents findings from a study commissioned by the European Investment Bank, which investigated current trends in definitions, programmes and policies both in social housing and affordable housing. This paper focuses on findings for England, Italy, Poland and The Netherlands. Methods used included desk research and interviews with key informants in each of the four countries. In addition, in-depth information about Italy and The Netherlands was gathered through stakeholder workshops carried out between September and November 2016. Findings show that affordable housing in all four countries is becoming a more distinct field, in parallel to developments in social housing. In addition, the paper describes some innovative policies undertaken to develop affordable housing solutions. The paper concludes with a reflection on scenarios for future policy developments and an agenda for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Institutional scope to shape persistence and departure among nursing students: re-framing Tinto for professional degrees.
- Author
-
Hovdhaugen, Elisabeth, Sweetman, Rachel, and Thomas, Liz
- Subjects
DIVERSITY in education ,PROFESSIONAL education ,STUDENT development ,NURSING students ,SCHOOL integration - Abstract
Tinto's (1993) interactional model of student departure was initially developed for students in traditional academic degrees, at residential colleges in the US. This paper takes up Tinto as a fruitful starting point for a critical review of the aspects of the model which are more and less suitable for professional degrees: integration and commitment. Since nursing degrees are quite different from traditional academic degrees, particularly when it comes to the structure of the programme, this calls for a rethink of how the concepts can be used. The paper suggests that a Tinto-type model could be adjusted to offer a valuable tool with which to inform institutional work on retention and completion in nursing programmes, and potentially in other short professional degrees. While we identified limitations in how integration functions in a nursing programme, the existing model could be adapted to account for professional commitment, which in turn may counteract the fragmented integration nursing students experience. As nursing students' initial commitment is much stronger (compared to other student groups), and this is linked to professional identity, students seem less interested in developing a student identity. Institutions should therefore consider alternative integration activities, activities which build on and contribute to the professional commitment students come into the institution with. Additionally, the integration activities also need to consider teaching at several sites, as nursing students switch between their institution and various practice placements, and therefore have a more interrupted study path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. What remains after the money ends? Evidence on whether admission reductions continued following the largest health and social care integration programme in England
- Author
-
Wattal, Vasudha, Checkland, Katherine, Sutton, Matt, and Morciano, Marcello
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Losing Ground: Targeting Agricultural Land Take by Enabling a Circular Economy in Construction
- Author
-
Kourmouli, Angeliki and Lesniewska, Feja
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. What do teachers of D&T think are the reasons for the decline of the subject in England?
- Author
-
Vickery, Claire and Hardy, Alison
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL education ,TEACHER education ,SECONDARY school teachers - Abstract
This article discusses one part of the data from a larger research project that sought to identify factors that secondary school teachers of design and technology (D&T) in England felt may have contributed to the decline in entries at GCSE level within the subject. This study was designed to ensure the teacher's voice could be heard. Research was conducted in two parts, interviews and focus groups followed by an online survey, the first part provided qualitative and the second quantitative data. Questions within the online survey were informed by the qualitative data collection of part one. This article focuses on the findings from a specific question within part two of this data - the online survey. The factors indicated by the teachers within the survey are discussed in the findings section of this paper. The teachers' responses were organised into four categories: (1) macro level - external, national influences; (2) meso - school level; (3) micro - classroom influences, and (4) nano - individual level. Analysis of the teachers' responses indicated that the most noteworthy factor was the English Baccalaureate (EBacc), a government-imposed performance measure and influences from parents, the first at the macro level the second on the nano level. The least noteworthy factor was that more suitable examinations were available for upper secondary school pupils. It is hoped that this research will prompt professional dialogue regarding the decline of D&T entries at a macro, meso, micro and nano level and that subsequent action can be considered. Although conducted within England, this research prompts critical thinking that may help review educational practice internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
40. BİR İÇ GÜVENLİK AKTÖRÜ OLARAK ORDU: İNGİLTERE, FRANSA, MEKSİKA VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEKLERİ.
- Author
-
GENÇ YILMAZ, Ayfer
- Subjects
CIVIL-military relations ,DEPLOYMENT (Military strategy) ,ORGANIZED crime ,INTERNAL security ,DIVISION of labor ,TERRORISM ,INSURGENCY - Abstract
Copyright of Alternative Politics / Alternatif Politika is the property of Alternatif Politika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Edible Garden Cities: Rethinking Boundaries and Integrating Hedges into Scalable Urban Food Systems.
- Author
-
Adams, David, Larkham, Peter J., and Hardman, Michael
- Subjects
URBANIZATION ,GARDEN cities ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,HOUSING development ,LAND use - Abstract
Connecting to and extending recent debates around more-than-human thinking, this paper explores how porous boundary treatments and plot layouts might encourage ecological exchanges within new urban and peri-urban developments. This study therefore responds to suggestions for innovative plot designs that facilitate positive trans-species interactions, especially considering wider anxieties surrounding biodiversity loss and recognition of the need for climate-resilient garden spaces. Focusing on a recent example of a large-scale residential development in the English midlands, this paper outlines the socio-economic, cultural and ecological significance of embedding different hedgerow designs into early planning considerations; revealing the need to move beyond current models. The discussion then turns to how such ambitions might encourage sustainable land use, particularly through creating potentially scalable urban agricultural systems that sustain healthy food choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The healthcare resource impact of maternal mental illness on children and adolescents: UK retrospective cohort study
- Author
-
Darren M. Ashcroft, Kathryn M. Abel, Matthias Pierce, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Cemre Su Osam, Sian Hughes, Luke Munford, and Holly Hope
- Subjects
Paper ,Depressive disorders ,Adolescent ,Rate ratio ,03 medical and health sciences ,primary care ,0302 clinical medicine ,psychotic disorders ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical prescription ,Child ,in-patient treatment ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Child and Adolescent ,out-patient treatment ,Mental Disorders ,Retrospective cohort study ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,Personality disorders ,Anxiety Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,England ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
BackgroundThe general health of children of parents with mental illness is overlooked.AimsTo quantify the difference in healthcare use of children exposed and unexposed to maternal mental illness (MMI).MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0–17 years, from 1 April 2007 to 31 July 2017, using a primary care register (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) linked to Hospital Episodes Statistics. MMI included non-affective/affective psychosis and mood, anxiety, addiction, eating and personality disorders. Healthcare use included prescriptions, primary care and secondary care contacts; inflation adjusted costs were applied. The rate and cost was calculated and compared for children exposed and unexposed to MMI using negative binomial regression models. The total annual cost to NHS England of children with MMI was estimated.ResultsThe study included 489 255 children: 238 106 (48.7%) girls, 112 741 children (23.0%) exposed to MMI. Compared to unexposed children, exposed children had a higher rate of healthcare use (rate ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.26–1.28), averaging 2.21 extra contacts per exposed child per year (95% CI 2.14–2.29). Increased healthcare use among exposed children occurred in inpatients (rate ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.32–1.42), emergency care visits (rate ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.33–1.36), outpatients (rate ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.28–1.32), prescriptions (rate ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.26–1.30) and primary care consultations (rate ratio 1.24, 95% CI 1.23–1.25). This costs NHS England an additional £656 million (95% CI £619–£692 million), annually.ConclusionsChildren of mentally ill mothers are a health vulnerable group for whom targeted intervention may create benefit for individuals, families, as well as limited NHS resources.
- Published
- 2022
43. The assetisation of housing: A macroeconomic resource.
- Author
-
Stirling, Phoebe, Gallent, Nick, and Purves, Andrew
- Subjects
HOUSING policy ,BANKING industry ,HOUSING ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
The most significant episode in the assetisation of housing (underpinning its financialisation) is often understood to be the economic restructuring that took place during the 1980s – particularly deregulation of the banking sector and credit liberalisation. Research has reported on the housing 'investor subject' that emerged during this time, as an integral part of the transition towards financialised economies. This article provides new evidence about the housing consumer subject, and its place in this transition, by drilling into UK housing policy history and its discourses around the consumer relationship with housing. Using archive data from the Parliamentary and National Archives alongside interviews with key informers, we illustrate three cases of housing policy development in which the consumer demand for, and relationship with, housing is discursively reconditioned. We conclude that the housing investor subject was pursued in housing policy reform and its discourses well before the 1980s and the economic reforms commonly identified as the causes of financialisation. In addition, these discourses are found to have been reconditioned in order to align with broader macroeconomic policy concerns of the time. The article therefore provides a rare view of assetisation from within the state apparatus, revealing how housing policy and its discourses around consumption became functionally integrated within wider macroeconomic goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Primary teachers' experiences of neo-liberal education reform in England: 'Nothing is ever good enough'.
- Author
-
Sturrock, Soo
- Subjects
PRIMARY school teachers ,MANAGERIALISM ,NEOLIBERALISM ,EDUCATIONAL leadership - Abstract
As the global neo-liberal reform movement in education continues to evolve, so does the simultaneous transfiguration of the profile and status of primary school teachers in England. Reform continues to delineate the aims and purpose of primary education in increasingly essentialist terms. This paper explores English primary school teachers' perceptions and experiences of teaching, and of being a teacher, in a period of considerable change. Extending the existing research literature about primary school teachers, it explores the progressively strategic nature of policy enactment and the tactics employed by teachers to manage conflicting demands. The paper draws upon rich qualitative data from two sets of interviews with 22 primary teachers employed in the South-East of England. Thematic analysis facilitated findings about teachers' encounters with, and responses to, neo-liberal policy reform, notably in relation to accountability and managerialism. The view that 'nothing is ever good enough' reflects recurrent data affirming the relationship between school leadership and teachers' demoralisation, as well as perceived reputational decline more broadly. Findings highlight the emergence of the primary practitioner as 'tactician', and of a particular brand of survivalism necessary for a context that acts to pedagogically and philosophically constrain the purpose of primary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Implementing post-diagnostic support for people living with dementia in England: a qualitative study of barriers and strategies used to address these in practice
- Author
-
Laura Booi, Claire Bamford, Louise Robinson, Karen Harrison Dening, Alison Wheatley, and Greta Brunskill
- Subjects
Aging ,Service (systems architecture) ,Inequality ,Project commissioning ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Phase (combat) ,ageing/7 ,older people ,03 medical and health sciences ,AcademicSubjects/MED00280 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Qualitative Paper ,Medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,General Medicine ,Post diagnostic support ,Focus Groups ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Focus group ,Caregivers ,England ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,post-diagnostic support ,0305 other medical science ,business ,qualitative research ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Background inequalities and gaps in post-diagnostic support (PDS) for people with dementia persist despite a policy focus on dementia in England and Wales. Understanding and overcoming the factors contributing to these inequalities is vital to improve care for people living with dementia (PLWD) and their families. Objective to explore common barriers to the delivery of PDS in England and Wales and describe successful strategies to address them, drawing on examples from current practice. Design qualitative semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observation. Settings Phase 1: interviewees were drawn from multiple sectors across England and Wales, including NHS clinical commissioning groups and social care. Phase 2: six case study sites based in different sectors (primary care, secondary mental health and third sector) in England. Participants Phase 1: 61 professionals, including commissioners and service managers. Phase 2: 68 professionals, including frontline staff and those working in related services; 17 PLWD; 31 carers. Results barriers to implementing PDS in dementia were an unsupportive infrastructure, limited proactive review and limited capacity and capability particularly in primary care. Strategies used successfully in practice to address these challenges included creating opportunities for service development, improving joint working, supporting non-specialists and developing ongoing, holistic review and care planning. Conclusion a range of practical strategies have been identified to address many of the common barriers to PDS in dementia. To achieve policy goals of a task-shifted and task-shared approach to PDS, widespread use of these strategies is recommended.
- Published
- 2021
46. Developing a sentinel syndromic surveillance system using school-absenteeism data, example monitoring absences over the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
- Author
-
Alex Lovelock-Wren, Alex J. Elliot, Jennifer Lai, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Esther Kissling, Jeremy Mabbitt, Paul Loveridge, Roger Morbey, Helen E Hughes, and Vanessa Saliba
- Subjects
Male ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Epidemiology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,school-aged children ,Disease Outbreaks ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,real-time surveillance ,Absenteeism ,Medicine ,Short Paper ,Humans ,syndromic surveillance ,Absence data ,Child ,Students ,Pandemics ,Schools ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,School absenteeism ,Infectious Diseases ,England ,Communicable Disease Control ,Epidemiological Monitoring ,business ,Sentinel Surveillance - Abstract
This study describes the development of a pilot sentinel school absence syndromic surveillance system. Using data from a sample of schools in England the capability of this system to monitor the impact of disease on school absences in school-aged children is shown, using the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period as an example. Data were obtained from an online app service used by schools and parents to report their children absent, including reasons/symptoms relating to absence. For 2019 and 2020, data were aggregated into daily counts of ‘total’ and ‘cough’ absence reports. There was a large increase in the number of absence reports in March 2020 compared to March 2019, corresponding to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Absence numbers then fell rapidly and remained low from late March 2020 until August 2020, while lockdown was in place in England. Compared to 2019, there was a large increase in the number of absence reports in September 2020 when schools re-opened in England, although the peak number of absences was smaller than in March 2020. This information can help provide context around the absence levels in schools associated with COVID-19. Also, the system has the potential for further development to monitor the impact of other conditions on school absence, e.g. gastrointestinal infections.
- Published
- 2021
47. Integrated Health and Social Care in England: Ten Years On
- Author
-
Jon Glasby, Robin Miller, and Helen Dickinson
- Subjects
leadership ,Medicine (General) ,Economic growth ,Health (social science) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Inequality ,Policy Paper ,Health Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,partnership working ,Integrated care ,Competition (economics) ,R5-920 ,Work (electrical) ,General partnership ,Political science ,Workforce ,Social care ,england ,England ,policy ,integrated care ,media_common - Abstract
Introduction: As part of major policy reforms begun in 2010, England introduced a wave of initiatives to encourage more integrated care between health and social care. These built on previous attempts which sought to achieve similar objectives through a focus on better partnership working. This article provides an overview and critical commentary on integrated care policy in England from 2010–2020 based on reviews by regulators, parliamentary committees and the national audit office. Overview of Policy: Integrated care became a priority through the work of the Future Forum, a group of leading stakeholders established due to concerns about greater competition in public health care. This led to a public statement of shared commitment to integrated care by national health and social care bodies. Early mechanisms included a pooled fund to achieve nationally set objectives, the creation of local authority led partnership boards, and high profile innovation programmes. Later in the 2010’s, new health led partnerships became more dominant vehicles to achieve integrated care at regional level. Impact of Policy: Despite progress within a few local areas, and reduction in delayed discharges from hospital the overall picture from national reviews was that expected improvements were not achieved. Emergency admissions to hospital continued to grow, patients within primary care reported being less involved in their care, and health inequalities worsened. The initial response to COVID-19 was health-centric contributing to outbreaks in care homes and inadequate supplies of protective personal equipment. The ability of leaders to look beyond their organisations’ interests was reported as vital for local progress. National government performance frameworks discouraged system based working and chronic underfunding of social care led to major capacity and workforce challenges. Conclusion: The experience of England suggests that greatest progress is made when integrated care focusses on tangible issues and when there is a clear understanding of how success will be measured. Even with considerable investment and intent progress should be expected to be slow and difficult. Layering of numerous policy initiatives provides confusion and can distract from the important work of relationship building. And ultimately, integrated care cannot by itself address major inadequacies in the underlying resources and structural inequalities.
- Published
- 2021
48. Using epidemiological evidence to forecast population need for early treatment programmes in mental health: a generalisable Bayesian prediction methodology applied to and validated for first-episode psychosis in England
- Author
-
Thandiwe Rebecca Dliwayo, Jeremy W. Coid, Paul French, Keltie McDonald, James B. Kirkbride, Pia Wohland, Peter B. Jones, Hannah Ker, David Osborn, Tao Ding, and Gianluca Baio
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Mental Health Services ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Adolescent ,Population ,Bayesian statistics ,Care provision ,State Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Early Medical Intervention ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Poisson regression ,Psychiatry ,education ,Referral and Consultation ,education.field_of_study ,Psychotic disorders ,business.industry ,Health services research ,Reproducibility of Results ,Bayes Theorem ,prediction ,Middle Aged ,Mental health ,health services research ,030227 psychiatry ,Early intervention in psychosis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,England ,symbols ,Female ,epidemiology ,business ,Needs Assessment ,Forecasting - Abstract
BackgroundMental health policy makers require evidence-based information to optimise effective care provision based on local need, but tools are unavailable.AimsTo develop and validate a population-level prediction model for need for early intervention in psychosis (EIP) care for first-episode psychosis (FEP) in England up to 2025, based on epidemiological evidence and demographic projections.MethodWe used Bayesian Poisson regression to model small-area-level variation in FEP incidence for people aged 16–64 years. We compared six candidate models, validated against observed National Health Service FEP data in 2017. Our best-fitting model predicted annual incidence case-loads for EIP services in England up to 2025, for probable FEP, treatment in EIP services, initial assessment by EIP services and referral to EIP services for ‘suspected psychosis’. Forecasts were stratified by gender, age and ethnicity, at national and Clinical Commissioning Group levels.ResultsA model with age, gender, ethnicity, small-area-level deprivation, social fragmentation and regional cannabis use provided best fit to observed new FEP cases at national and Clinical Commissioning Group levels in 2017 (predicted 8112, 95% CI 7623–8597; observed 8038, difference of 74 [0.92%]). By 2025, the model forecasted 11 067 new treated cases per annum (95% CI 10 383–11 740). For every 10 new treated cases, 21 and 23 people would be assessed by and referred to EIP services for suspected psychosis, respectively.ConclusionsOur evidence-based methodology provides an accurate, validated tool to inform clinical provision of EIP services about future population need for care, based on local variation of major social determinants of psychosis.
- Published
- 2021
49. Can City Deals Improve Economic Performance? Evidence from England.
- Author
-
Alonso, José M. and Andrews, Rhys
- Subjects
CITIES & towns ,ECONOMIC indicators ,JOB creation ,ECONOMIC expansion ,SUBURBANIZATION - Abstract
City deals – place-based agreements between central and local state actors – are an increasingly common intervention for supporting economic performance in urban areas. This paper presents empirical evidence on the effectiveness of city deals by estimating the impact of the UK's City Deals scheme on rates of economic growth, productivity and job creation across England between 2010 and 2019. Because the City Deals were introduced in two waves, we estimate its effects using a differences-in-differences (DiD) with multiple time periods (MTPs) approach. Our DiD estimates indicate that, overall, the City Deals were associated with improvements in local economic performance, but that the first wave of city deals resulted in gains of around 2.5% to 3% that were not observed in the second wave. These results suggest that city deals are most effective when appropriate institutional structures are in place and highlight the value of MTP approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. تأثیر موازین حقوق بشر بر فرایند رسیدگی قضایی با تأکید بر نظام حقوقی انگلستان و استرالی.
- Author
-
حسن حقیقی, منوچهر توسلی نائ, and سید محمدصادق احم
- Abstract
Human rights is a superior and valuable system and an evolved and modern form of natural rights, which consists of four fundamental principles: "the principle of human dignity and dignity", "the principle of freedom", "the principle of equality" and "the principle of fraternity" and other principles and rights proposed in the human rights instruments are under the mentioned principles. On the other hand, administrative law, which is a sub-branch of public law and defined in the constitution of every political system, and compared to other legal trends, is nascent and new, deals with regulating the relations between the administrative apparatus and government organizations with individuals and citizens. Recent developments regarding the duties and performance of governments in the social arena and their use of public privileges in order to "advance public order and social services" have caused violations of human rights standards in the field of administrative law system. The important point is the impact of human rights standards on the decisions of administrative courts and the effectiveness of administrative proceedings from human rights standards. In this research, according to the examination of the administrative laws of Iran, England and Australia, it has been tried to take advantage of the judicial procedure that has led to the development and implementation of the principles and rules of human rights. The research method in this paper is based on library studies and analyzesinformation in a descriptive-analytical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.