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This study examines India's sustainable development with respect to economic and environment development. India is among the largest emerging countries with good economic development prospects. Nevertheless, its environmental development is poor coupled with its position as third in global carbon emission ranking. This peculiarity of Indian economy with increasing emissions has prompted the need for this research into the country's sustainability. Considering the leading role of government in curbing the environmental problems, this study aims to ascertain the India's sustainable development by investigating the role of institutional quality in mitigating its carbon emissions. India's data of 1996Q1 2018Q4 are utilized to investigate the country's sustainable development. Short-run and long-run autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) dynamic and bound test for cointegration with Granger causality are adopted in this study for better insight on India's sustainable development. Findings from ARDL revealed positive impact of Institutions on environment quality through reduction in carbon emission; however, effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) and fossil fuels shows negative effect on India's environment through increase in carbon emissions. Findings from Granger causality exposed direction of impacts among the variables; hence, nexus is formed among the variables in determining the cause of carbon emissions and environmental damage. The findings from Granger causality give support to the findings from the ARDL analysis pointing towards the need to frame policies capable of mitigating carbon emission and enhances energy transition through institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is dual analysis of Turkish sustainable development amidst some high industrial and economic activities. Turkey is currently prioritizing the economic growth to the environmental sustainability and trying to achieve its 2023 goals and place in top 10 economies by date. This action might spark increase in emission level and decrease the environmental quality for both term. For effective and clear analysis, we apply the empirical analyses with both symmetric (dynamic ordinary least square-DOLS) and asymmetric (nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag-NARDL) approaches in short run and the long run periods for policy inferences through forecast. We apply the economic features (entrepreneurs, FDI, technological innovation proxy by R&D, renewable energy and economic growth) of Turkey that are important in determining both economic and environment development of the country to investigate its ability to achieve its climate goals. Turkey's data of 1985–2018 were adopted. Findings from both approaches (symmetric and asymmetric) show that carbon emission can be reduced and good environmental quality obtained through the instruments of renewable energy, technological innovation, FDI and entrepreneurial activities. A nexus is established among the instruments (renewable energy, technological innovation, entrepreneur activities and FDI) pointing towards carbon mitigation for Turkey, and this gives support to the findings from both symmetric and asymmetric approaches. Also, from symmetric analysis with dynamic ordinary least square, EKC is found for the case of Turkey which shows the ability of Turkey achieving its climate goal if right policies are implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a study of Brazil's sustainable development with respect to its environmental performance amidst its great emission and renewable energy potentials. Brazil has striking features of large renewable sector and at the same time identified as among the highest carbon emission countries in the likes of India and Russia. Following the position of Brazil in both emissions ranking and its potentials in curbing the emission through renewable source, we utilized Brazil data of 1970–2018 for a scientific research into the possibility of achieving sustainable development in Brazil. Instruments such as renewable policies (renewable energy consumption and fossil fuels), foreign direct investments (FDI) and income growth (GDP per capita, 2010) are utilized in this study. We adopt scientific methods like structural break test, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test and granger causality in this study. This will give a clear and holistic insight into the best strategy for achieving sustainable development in Brazil. Findings from both ARDL short run and long run established a U-shape environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) instead of the popular inverted U-shape EKC. A negative and significant relationships are found between renewable energy consumption, FDI and carbon emission (CO 2), while a positive and significant association is established between fossil fuels and carbon emissions. This points that renewable energy and FDI are impacting positively on Brazil's environment quality while fossil fuels are impacting negatively on the environment. Findings from granger causality support the findings from ARDL by establishing both two ways and one way nexus among the energy policies (renewable and fossil fuels, FDI and income growth). The findings show that policies to curb carbon emission and achieve sustainable development should be framed around the energy policies (energy transmission to more clean energies). • This is a time series study of Brazil's environmental performance. • Energy (Renewables) and FDI policies were applied. • U-shape EKC was established instead of Inverted U-shape. • Renewable energy and FDI are mitigating Brazil's carbon emission. • Conclusion is based on policy framing on Renewable energy and FDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]