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Nylon-cotton (NYCO) blend fabrics have been widely used recently; however, they are susceptible to ignition when exposed to flame. Herein, 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (GPTMS) associated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and phytic acid (PA) was incorporated on NYCO fabrics through the facile sol–gel and dip-nip-dry method to prepare flame retardant NYCO fabrics with enhanced washing durability. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of treated NYCO fabrics was increased from 18.5 to 29.8% and the damaged length was reduced from 30 to 7.5 cm. Cone calorimeter test indicated that the peak heat release rate and total heat release were decreased by 73 and 79% respectively, compared with that of the control NYCO fabrics. The flame retardancy was well maintained and showed self-extinguishing behavior after 20 laundering cycles. The char formation ability was reinforced and the possible flame retardant mechanism was proposed. Moreover, the dermal irritation test showed good biological safety of the fabrics, which were incapable to cause erythema and edema on rabbit skin. This study proposed a feasible method to produce flame retardancy, durability, and bio-safety nylon-cotton blend fabrics by textile finishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bio-based lentinan (LNT) and ammonium phytate (APA) were introduced onto cotton fabric. • The flame retardancy of cotton fabric was significantly enhanced by the presence of APA and LNT. • The LNT outer layer improved the thermostability, durability, and breaking force of the APA-treated cotton fabric. As the most widely used natural fabric, cotton fabric is highly flammable with serious fire hazard concerns. The use of biomass materials to impart flame resistance to fabrics is always a hot topic of interest. In this work, a novel durable flame retardant cotton fabric (Cotton-APA/LNT) was fabricated by successively covalent bonding ammonium phytate (APA) and lentinan (LNT). The Cotton-APA/LNT fabric sample had a highly limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 51.5 % and was self-extinguished in the vertical burning test (VBT) at 18.0 % weight gain. The peak heat release rate and total heat release values were decreased by 91.5 % and 46.0 %, respectively compared with those of the control cotton. Besides, after 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the fabric was still self-extinguished in the VBT with an LOI value of 34.2 %. APA fully strengthened the role of acid source by the presence of LNT. The constructed LNT outer layer showed comprehensive improvements in thermostability, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, durability, and breaking force. Specifically, the Cotton-APA/LNT sample had a higher LOI value (↑4.3 %), lower total heat release (↓23.8 %), lower total smoke production (↓29.1 %), higher thermostability (↑27 °C under air), better char formation ability (↑2.0 % under air), higher durability (self-extinguished in the VBT after 50 LCs), and higher breaking force (↑32.5 % in the warp direction and ↑33.9 % in the weft direction) compared with those of Cotton-APA sample. This work has proposed an advanced approach for fabricating eco-friendly durable fire-safety cotton fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing requirements of eco-friendly flame retardant fabrics, fully bio-based flame retardants have attracted more and more attention. In this work, a fully bio-based flame retardant coating (PALC) was prepared by combining phytic acid and L-cysteine through ion exchange, which was then applied to nylon-cotton blends. The water contact angle (WCA) test indicates that the hydrophilicity of treated blend fabrics is significantly increased. The treated blend fabrics also exhibited excellent antibacterial property against E. coli and S. aureus. Besides, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the treated blend fabric is increased to 27.2 % from 19.3 %, and the damage length is reduced to 5 cm from 30 cm. The analysis of cone calorimetry test results demonstrates that the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (pHRR) values of the treated blend fabric are reduced by 62.6 % and 65.4 %, respectively, relative to CO/NY. At the same time, the PALC coating can also endow the blend fabric with smoke suppression properties. The total smoke production (TSP) and smoke production rate (SPR) values are reduced by 64.5 % and 67.6 %, respectively. The combination analysis of TG-FTIR, SEM and XPS proves that the phytic acid promotes the dense char layers forming, and L-cysteine generates non-combustible gases. This work provides an eco-friendly and organic solvent-free method for producing flame-retardant nylon/cotton blends with reduced smoke release. [Display omitted] • An organic solvent-free coating PALC was developed from phytic acid and L-cysteine. • PALC coating improved the fire performance of nylon/cotton blend fabrics. • PALC coating increased the hydrophilicity of nylon/cotton blend fabrics. • PALC treated nylon/cotton blend fabrics showed antibacterial property. • PALC acted in both gas-phase and condensed-phase during the combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel bio-based nano-flame retardant with core–shell structure (PA-Fe-HBT) are prepared. • PA-Fe-HBT improved the flame retardancy, UV resistance and recyclability of PLA. • The corresponding mechanisms are proposed. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the solutions to the white pollution and energy crisis. However, the using performance (such as flame retardant, weather resistance and mechanical properties) and recycling performance limit its wide application. In this work, a bio-based additive (PA-Fe-HBT) with core–shell structure is synthesized by tannins microspheres and phytic acid (PA). By the presence of 3 wt% PA-Fe-HBT, the limited oxygen index is increased to 25.5%, and the sample can pass UL-94 V-0 grade. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the composites remain good. Besides, the ultraviolet aging resistance and ultraviolet protection ability of the composite are significantly improved. The ultraviolet (UV) transmittance of PLA/3%PA-Fe-HBT sample shows a decrease of 99.97% compared with control PLA. More importantly, the chemical recycling of composites is promoted by PA-Fe-HBT in the absence of external heating. After a simple purification, 88% purity of lactic acid is obtained. It is believed that this work proposes an ingenious design strategy to prepare PLA/PA-Fe-HBT composites with flame-retardancy, UV resistance and chemical recycling performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a fully bio-based multi-functional intumescent flame retardant coating containing ε-polylysine (ε-PL), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and phytic acid (PA) was successfully constructed on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics via a facile one-pot dip-pad-dry process. The introduction of the coating significantly improved the fire performance of the fabric. The treated PET fabric had a limiting oxygen index value of 28.1 %, and was free of molten drops in the vertical flammable test. The flame retardant mechanism analysis indicated that the three components in flame retardant coating formed intact char layers during combustion which hindered the transfer of oxygen/heat and inhibited the generation of flammable volatiles. The treated PET fabric also exhibited better antibacterial ability against E. coli and S.aureus compared to the control sample. Besides, the breaking strength and the elongation at the break of the treated PET fabric were slightly improved. This work provides a facile and sustainable strategy to fabricate PET fabrics with flame retardancy and anti-dripping properties. [Display omitted] • A fully bio-based flame retardant and antibacterial coating was constructed. • The coated PET fabrics showed self-extinguishing and anti-dripping properties. • The synergistic flame retardant mechanism was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategy to achieve flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and filtering capability simultaneously for the cotton fabrics was proposed. The cotton fabric sample was firstly treated with a polydopamine (PDA) solution through a dip-nip process, then the layered double hydroxides (LDH) were vertically introduced on the fabric surface before depositing Fe3+ chelated with phytic acid (PA). The obtained Cotton-PDA-LDH-Fe3+PA sample exhibited excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The limiting oxygen index of the treated cotton sample reached 33.9%. For the Cotton-PDA-LDH-Fe3+PA sample, the total heat release was dropped to only 1.9 MJ/m2 from 8.7 MJ/m2 of the control cotton fabric sample, and the total smoke production was decreased from 138.9 m2/m2 to 68.1 m2/m2. The Cotton-PDA-LDH-Fe3+PA sample showed excellent ability of filtering particulate matter with a filtration efficiency of 91%. It is expected that this work provides a useful method to produce superior multi-functional cotton fabrics [Display omitted] • Cotton fabric achieves flame retardant, smoke suppression and PMs filter by a compound coating. • Phytic acid/polydopamine is efficient and bio-safe synergistic flame retardants of cotton fabric. • Directionally-grew layered double hydroxides on cotton fabric suppress smoke in burning. • The chelated Fe3+ ions work with LDHs together to capture PMs durably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated multi-functional additive was fabricated by successively grafting melamine (MEL) and phytic acid (PhA) on multiwalled carbon-nanotubes (MWNCTs), and was then applied in PA6 to improve the flame retardancy and light aging resistance of the composite. The limit oxygen index of PA6 composite containing 7 wt% PhA-MEL-MWCNTs was increased to 26.4 from 21.0. The smoke and CO release were significantly reduced by 48% and 88% respectively, and the severe melt dripping of PA6 in burning was eliminated. It is proved that PhA-MEL-MWCNTs can absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and hence significantly reduces the mechanical property loss of the PA6 composite after UV aging. The tensile strength of the aged PA6/7 wt%PhA-MEL-MWCNTs composite sample only decreased by 18.1%, which was significantly lower than the loss rate of the control aged PA6 sample (62.5%). This protocol provides a new opportunity for fabricating long-life flame retardant polyamide composites. [Display omitted] • PhA-MEL-MWCNTs was fabricated by grafting melamine and phytic acid on MWCNTs. • PhA-MEL-MWCNTs improved flame retardancy and light aging resistance of PA6. • The melt dripping of PA6 was eliminated by 7% PhA-MEL-MWCNTs. • The mechanical loss of PA6 after UV aging was reduced by PhA-MEL-MWCNTs. • The potential danger of PA6 in dairy usage was reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]