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In 1968 and again in 1969, practitioners and scholars of the ombuds concept in higher education gathered to discuss this new idea. From these gatherings, a conference proceeding was published called The Ombudsman in Higher Education: Advocate or Subversive Bureaucrat. These meetings were the first dedicated to the topic of ombuds in higher education, and the resulting conference proceedings provided the first comprehensive document dedicated to the role. This paper seeks to analyze these proceedings in order to better understand the theoretical foundations of contemporary ombuds practice and research. Additionally, this paper also examines early definitions and considerations of the ombuds role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the history of the College of Anaesthetists of South Africa (CASA), starting with the establishment of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of South Africa (CPSSA), the subsequent formation of the Faculty of Anaesthetists as part of the College of Surgeons of South Africa (FFACSSA), to its present form as the CASA. This review includes major milestones achieved over the years, including international recognition, key role players involved, development of examinations, medals and awards given as well as individuals honoured by the CASA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Since the beginning of its republican life, the development of biological sciences in Costa Rica has been strongly influenced by hundreds of foreign naturalists and scientists who have carried out exploration, research, and publication activities in relation to its biodiversity. Objective: To better understand their contributions, in this paper we take an historical tour, with emphasis on the last century and a half, regarding the motivations that attracted these people to Costa Rica, as well as their specific scientific contributions. Methods: Six criteria were followed to address this issue: a) whether they were residents or itinerants; b) if they had a frequent relationship with Costa Rica; c) if they collected specimens; d) the type of publication; and e) whether to implement teaching or institutional management. Results: Therefore, the information is organized into six large sections, structured chronologically as follows: the first inventories of the biodiversity of Costa Rica (1513-1842), the recognition of biological sciences in Costa Rican culture (1839-1848), the insertion of biological sciences in Costa Rican culture (1854-1886), the institutionalization of the biological sciences in Costa Rica (1886-1900), Costa Rica as a mecca for biological explorations (1900-1957), and the training of professionals in biological sciences (1940-2021). Conclusion: This periodization allows us to contextualize the contributions of those naturalists or scientists in time, as well as to better visualize the economic, social and political events and circumstances that conditioned their scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the development of electrochemistry at research institutions in Croatia. The foundation of electrochemistry in Croatia has been laid throughout the work of professors of Technical Faculty at the University of Zagreb M. Karšulin, B. Lovreček, and I. Filipović starting from 1930's. Their work was related to corrosion processes, photoelectrochemistry, organic electrochemistry, and complex stability. M. Branica and V. Pravdić initiated electroanalytical activities at Ruđer Bošković Institute by using polarography, voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry. All these activities helped spreading of electrochemistry at higher education and research institutions in Zagreb, Split, and Osijek. Today, the new generation of scientists is continuing research in this field. The electrochemical community in Croatia is small but very active, which is visible by Regional Symposium on Electrochemistry of South-East Europe initiation and organization, by activities in the Association of South-East European Electrochemists, by activities in the International Society of Electrochemistry, as well as by encouraging doctoral students to organize ISE Satellite Student Regional Symposium on Electrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using the historical beginnings of University of California, Los Angeles School of Library Service, this article will show how self-surveillance and racializing surveillance were enacted under the guise of professionalization through higher education institutions. Bringing Simone Browne's concept of racializing surveillance into the history of library education, this article argues that whiteness was preserved in professionalization, supporting a white supremacist system, amid concerns about status and value in white institutions during the 1960s. The story of the origins of the UCLA School of Library Service, including Lawrence Clark Powell's influence in its formation, curriculum, courses, and administrators, as well as students such as Marion K. Cobb and Helen Amestoy, reveals how graduate-school education had intentions that delineated who was a professional and who was not. That is, the professionalization of librarianship enacted a type of racialized self-surveillance technology on library students, limiting the past and present possibilities of librarianship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the transformation of Robert College, the first American college founded abroad, from 1923 to 1970. Based on a careful investigation of Robert College archives and personal accounts of the College staff, it contends that the school's missionary character acquired a new identity after the foundation of Republican Turkey. Robert College gradually abandoned its missionary tradition to become an institution of liberal learning in the service of westernizing Turkey. The College presidency and trustees have long elaborated on the new context and trends in liberal education in the United States. At the same time, the Turkish officers and graduates quickly adjusted to this new character immersed in secular values. The College's transition involved a shared commitment going beyond political partnership, reflecting an intellectual vision that came out of long years of negotiations within the College establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the gallows and fields of war to the street and bedside, chaplains of color have been present and instrumental in providing spiritual and emotional support in public and private settings across the United States. Their histories and experiences are not well documented and integrated into the field of spiritual care and chaplaincy, a field often understood as predominantly White, male, and Christian. This article introduces this special issue by offering historical context—particularly for Black chaplains—and naming the key themes that weave through the articles included. Naming the experiences of chaplains of color is a central step in responding to historically grounded racial inequities in the work of chaplaincy and spiritual care in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Casual sex, although common in college culture, can increase the risk of sexual victimization, which in turn can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined sexual victimization, self-esteem, and social support as relative predictors of PTSD and risky casual sex (RCS) in a sample of 229 female undergraduates. Results suggested that enhancing self-esteem may have a greater relative impact on PTSD symptoms compared with social support, even after accounting for the impact of sexual victimization. Moreover, a reduction in PTSD symptoms may have the potential to minimize RCS. Future research is needed to determine temporal relations among these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]