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This article provides an overview of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, an autoimmune disorder that affects multiple systems in the body. It discusses the four clinical phases of the disease and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. The article also explores recent studies on diagnostic criteria, imaging features, and treatment options for VKH disease. It includes brief reports on atypical cases of the disease and discusses the use of OCT angiography and adalimumab therapy in monitoring and treating VKH disease. The article highlights the need for prompt diagnosis and early intervention to prevent complications and visual impairment. It also mentions a rare case of a 2-year-old girl with VKH disease and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome, a rare genetic disease. The authors encourage further research on VKH disease. [Extracted from the article]

To report demographic and clinical profiles of children with uveitis in theTurkishpopulation. The data of the pediatric uveitis cases in the nation wide uveitis database were analyzed. The study included 697 eyes of 442 patients with a meanage of 10.8 ± 3.8 years. There were 333 patients (75.3%) with non-infectious uveitis and 69 patients (15.6%) with infectious uveitis. Pars planitis (20.1%) was leading clinical form followed by idiopathic cases with uveitis other than pars planitis (18.8%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis(JIA) related uveitis (12.4%), Behçet uveitis (9.3%) and toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (7.9%). Ocular involvement was unilateral in 187 patients (42.3%) and bilateral in 255 patients (57.7%). The most common anatomiclocation of uveitis was anterior uveitis (39.1%), followed by intermediate uveitis (29.4%), panuveitis (16.1%) and posterior uveitis (15.4%). The most common systemic association was JIA in the younger children and Behçet disease in the older children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editors of Ocular Immunology and Inflammation have published a special edition of their journal on pediatric uveitis, which they have named the "Disease of the Year for 2023." This edition includes contributions from various parts of the world, providing an international perspective on the epidemiology, patterns of disease, and treatment options for pediatric uveitis. The articles cover topics such as the demographic and clinical profiles of children with uveitis in different countries, the long-term outcomes and complications of non-infectious uveitis, and the use of different medications to treat the condition. The edition also includes case reports and case series highlighting interesting and unique cases related to pediatric uveitis. The editors express their gratitude to everyone involved in bringing this special edition to fruition and look forward to further advancements in understanding this complex disease in the coming year. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the eye, specifically CMV retinitis (CMVR) in immunocompromised patients. While CMVR is commonly associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the proportion of HIV-negative patients with CMVR has been increasing due to factors such as immunosuppressive therapies, old age, diabetes, autoimmune conditions, and hematological abnormalities. The article highlights various reports on CMV and the eye, including cases of panretinal occlusive vasculitis, retinal neovascularization after resolution of CMVR, predictors for CMVR recurrence, risk factors for delayed diagnosis, and the impact of CMVR on quality of life. The authors also discuss the potential use of 2% ganciclovir drops in preventing relapses of Posner-Schlossman syndrome. Overall, the article aims to provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals in their daily practice. [Extracted from the article]

An effective therapy to reduce the number and severity of HLA-B27-related acute anterior uveitis (AAU) recurrences represents a clinical need. Curcumin is a promising therapeutic option in various inflammatory eye diseases. To enhance its absorption and eye tissue selectivity, a phospholipidic-curcumin complex (PHBC) has been formulated (Iphytoone®, Eye Pharma S.p.A.). This study investigates if PHBC is effective and safe to decrease the number and intensity of HLA-B27-related AAU relapses. HLA-B27-related AAU patients were randomly divided to receive PHBC or placebo for 12 months (NCT03584724). Compared with the previous year, the number of relapses decreased in both groups. The proportion of responders was significantly higher in the PBHC group. The severity of attacks was comparable. The study drug was well tolerated. A beneficial effect of PHBC treatment is suggested because the proportion of responders was significantly higher in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global and precise follow-up of uveitis has become possible with the availability of dual fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) since the mid-1990s. Progressively, additional non-invasive imaging methods have emerged, bringing value-added precision to the imaging appraisal of uveitis, including, among others, optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced-depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) and blue light fundus autofluorescence (BAF). More recently, another complementary imaging method, OCT-angiography (OCT-A), further allowed retinal and choroidal circulation to be imaged without the need for dye injection. Purpose: The purpose of this review was aimed at examining the evidence in published reports indicating whether OCT-A could possibly replace dye angiographic methods, as well as the real practical impact of OCT-A. Methods: A literature search in the PubMed database was performed using the terms OCT-angiography and uveitis, OCTA and uveitis and OCT-A and uveitis. Case reports were excluded. Articles were classified into technical reports, research reports and reviews. Articles in the two latter categories were analyzed in a more detailed, individual fashion. Special attention was paid to whether there were arguments in favor of an exclusive rather than complementary use of OCT-A. Furthermore, a synthesis of the main practical applications of OCT-A in the management of uveitis was attempted. Results: Between 2016 (the year of the first articles) and 2022, 144 articles containing the search terms were identified. After excluding case report articles, 114 articles were retained: 4 in 2016, 17 in 2017, 14 in 2018, 21 in 2019, 14 in 2020, 18 in 2021 and 26 in 2022. Seven articles contained technical information or consensus-based terminology. Ninety-two articles could be considered as clinical research articles. Of those, only two hinted in their conclusions that OCT-A could hypothetically replace dye methods. The terms mostly used to qualify the contribution of the articles in this group were "complementary to dye methods", "adjunct", "supplementing" and other similar terms. Fifteen articles were reviews, none of which hinted that OCT-A could replace dye methods. The situations where OCT-A represented a significant practical contribution to the practical appraisal of uveitis were identified. Conclusion: To date, no evidence was found in the literature that OCT-A can replace the classic dye methods; however, it can complement them. Promoting the possibility that non-invasive OCT-A can substitute the invasive dye methods is deleterious, giving the elusive impression that dye methods are no longer inevitable for evaluating uveitis patients. Nevertheless, OCT-A is a precious tool in uveitis research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcoidosis is a common cause of uveitis worldwide, but diagnosing it can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other inflammatory diseases. Diagnostic criteria have been developed to standardize the approach to diagnosing sarcoid uveitis. Recent research has focused on the performance of diagnostic tools, presentation patterns, screening for cardiac involvement, and the use of hydroxychloroquine therapy. Other studies have explored the presence of anti-retinal antibodies in sarcoidosis patients, the response to therapy, and the coexistence of other autoimmune conditions. Hydroxychloroquine has shown promise as a treatment option for sarcoid uveitis. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To develop an algorithm for the diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD) uveitis based on ocular findings. Methods: Following an initial survey among uveitis experts, we collected multi-center retrospective data on 211 patients with BD uveitis and 207 patients with other uveitides, and identified ocular findings with a high diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Subsequently, we collected multi-center prospective data on 127 patients with BD uveitis and 322 controls and developed a diagnostic algorithm using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis and expert opinion. Results: We identified 10 items with DOR >5. The items that provided the highest accuracy in CART analysis included superficial retinal infiltrate, signs of occlusive retinal vasculitis, and diffuse retinal capillary leakage as well as the absence of granulomatous anterior uveitis or choroiditis in patients with vitritis. Conclusion: This study provides a diagnostic tree for BD uveitis that needs to be validated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The EyeCOPE study characterized noninfectious intermediate posterior, or panuveitis (NIIPPU) before biologic agents were widely available. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included adults with NIIPPU attending a routine ophthalmological visit. Data were collected from the study visit and medical records. Results: Of 565 patients, 58.8% were female, and the mean age was 41.3 years; 33.8% had idiopathic uveitis and 45.8% had panuveitis. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment was 27.0 and 30.5 days, respectively. Patients received immunosuppressants and systemic/local corticosteroids. Most patients experienced substantial decline in ocular function (mean best corrected visual acuity, 0.4 logMAR). Mean total work productivity impairment among employed patients was 31.0%. Most patients reported ocular complications (70.8%) such as vision loss and cataracts. Conclusions: Despite treatment, most patients with NIIPPU experienced a decline in ocular function and ocular complications. There is an unmet need for additional NIIPPU treatment, such as targeted monoclonal antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

32 Sanjay S, Handa A, Kawali A, Shetty R, Bhakti Mishra S, Mahendradas P. Scleritis and episcleritis following coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination. Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. 36 Yoshida N, Tsukada A. A case of neuroretinitis following COVID-19 vaccination. 19 Bellur S, Zeleny A, Patronas M, Jiramongkolchai K, Kodati S. Bilateral acute macular neuroretinopathy after COVID-19 vaccination and infection. [Extracted from the article]