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A novel Bi 12 O 15 Cl 6 /NiFe 2 O 4 (CN) photocatalyst with both recyclability and efficient photocatalytic performance was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and achieved practice value enhancement. The optimal composite was identified as Bi 12 O 15 Cl 6 combined with 5 wt% NiFe 2 O 4 (CN-5), exhibiting the capability to decompose 98.2% of RhB within 90 min. Remarkably, the photocatalytic activity remained above 90% even after 4 recycling cycles, and the magnetization saturation reached 2.6 emu/g, showcasing exceptional magnetic properties and photocatalytic stability. Meanwhile, characterization analysis proved successful compounding of NiFe 2 O 4 , and the specific surface area of CN-5 was slightly enhanced. The heterojunction structure generated by direct binding in CN-5 significantly reduced the photogenerated carrier complexation rate. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism indicated that the degradation of RhB followed the Z-type heterojunction mechanism, and photo-induced ·O 2 − played a pivotal role, followed by h+ and ·OH. In summary, the composite magnetic photocatalyst Bi 12 O 15 Cl 6 /NiFe 2 O 4 could offer a promising alternative for wastewater purification. • Novel magnetic composite Bi 12 O 15 Cl 6 /NiFe 2 O 4 displayed remarkable photocatalytic properties. • Bi 12 O 15 Cl 6 /NiFe 2 O 4 offers economic viability and environmental sustainability. • A Z-type heterojunction was generated directly between Bi 12 O 15 Cl 6 and NiFe 2 O 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report the growth of (Sr, Ca) Nd2Fe2O7 single crystals with the Ruddlesden–Popper structure using an optical floating-zone method. A significantly anisotropic magneto-dielectric effect (MD), ab-plane and c-axial MD coefficients reaching −12.3% and −8.4% measured at 103 Hz in a 1 T magnetic field, can be obtained in a SrNd2Fe2O7 crystal at room temperature. The corresponding anisotropic MD ratio can be reached as high as 1.46. With an increase in the Ca concentration, the MD effect decreases dramatically and is eventually completely suppressed in both directions. Analysis of magnetic properties and 57Fe Mössbauer spectra suggests that the anisotropic MD effects in SrNd2Fe2O7 can be attributed to polaronic hopping between two neighboring Fe3+ ions through oxygen vacancies in an anisotropically antiferromagnetic matrix; the disappearance of the MD effect in Ca-doped SrNd2Fe2O7 is a consequence of the suppression of the antiferromagnetism. Our work suggests that the significantly anisotropic MD effect in SrNd2Fe2O7 crystals at room temperature can be used in magneto-dielectric controlled devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, LaFe0.75Cr0.25O3 was synthesized by a citric acid combusting sol–gel method. The basic structural information is reflected by XRD. According to Mössbauer spectroscopy, the inhomogeneous distribution of Cr contributes to magnetic dilution, thus appearing the coexistence of singlet and sextet. Simultaneously, the rare superparamagnetic relaxation appears due to "critical superparamagnetism" caused by small magnetic clusters with intervening sizes. Oxygen vacancies of synthesized sample are also found. The DC magnetization curve reveals the magnetization reversal phenomenon, which is related to the competition between the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction (DMI) and the magnetic anisotropy belonging to single ions. At 300 K, LCFO reveals weak magnetism. No magnetic transition is observed below 400 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The thermomagnetic curve of NdFe 0.5 Cr 0.5 O 3 composite system was simulated by molecular field model and Monte Carlo method. • It was found that due to the random distribution of B site ions in NdFe 0.5 Cr 0.5 O 3 , cluster complexes with multiple Fe or Cr are easy to appear, and have complementary proportions. • In the process of spin reorientation, the effective spin of Nd3+ion at A site will also change with temperature. • The exchange constant of each phase in the composite system is estimated. Sophisticated spin instruments require high-precision spin control. In this study, we accurately study the intrinsic magnetic properties of the strongly disordered system NdFe 0.5 Cr 0.5 O 3 through molecular field models combined with anti-site defects (ASD) theory. The three constituent sub-magnetic phases of the system are separated, and their magnetization contributions are calculated separately. Fitting the angle of the A/B magnetic moment at a given temperature, the reorientation temperature point and temperature dependence of different magnetic phases are obtained. This research will provide a very good theoretical support for studying complex disordered systems and applying high-precision spin control and lay a foundation for the design of new functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of pristine and (2.5–5) wt% Ni, Cu doped SnO 2 as adsorbent for the removal of Malachite green (MG) dye under natural solar light has been investigated in the present study. Synthesized nanostructures are characterised by XRD, XPS, BET, FESEM and UV–Visible spectroscopy. Sorption data were examined using Lagergren's pseudo first order, second order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models. Pseudo second order kinetic model was found suitable for describing the adsorption mechanism in this study. The calculated thermodynamic parameters revealed the endothermic, spontaneous and thermodynamically feasible nature of sorption mechanism of MG dye onto pristine and doped SnO 2 nanostructures. Compared with other samples, 5% Cu doped SnO 2 showed better photocatalytic degradation efficiency by removing 81.42% percentage of initial dye concentration within 240 min of contact time. SQUID measurement gave an account on the existence of ferromagnetic behaviour for Ni and Cu doped SnO 2 nanostructures. • Cost effective and capping agent free synthesis of Cu/Ni doped SnO 2 hexagonal nanorods by hydrothermal route. • Characterizations using XRD, XPS, BET, FESEM and UV–Visible spectroscopy. • Evaluation of adsorption and solarlight photocatalytic performance of Cu/Ni doped SnO 2 by taking malachite green as model dye. • Investigation on adsorption kinetics using Lagergren's pseudo first order, second order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models. • Analysis of the role of Ni/Cu doped SnO 2 as a photocatalyst as well as ferromagnetic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]