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We examine the effects of average test‐day temperature on the mathematics test performance of all Vietnamese students who took the national university and college entrance examinations in 2009. Using individual fixed effects, we find that an increase of 1°F results in an approximate 0.006 standard deviation loss of in standardized test scores by age and test problem. The negative effects are persistent regardless of whether students were from the hottest or coolest climate regions in the country. We also find that female students and students from rural areas and townships are most vulnerable to the effects of heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study examines factors affecting children's cognitive ability in Vietnam for the period 2006–2016. We find that conditional wealth has a positive association with the cognitive capacity of 15‐year‐old children, manifested in all three methods of measurement: vocabulary points, math scores and reading comprehension scores in Vietnamese. Notably, the finding implies that improving household wealth after the children's first 1,000 days still plays an important role in the cognitive development of 5–12‐year‐olds. Also, it suggests that using conditional wealth enables us to capture the impact of economic shocks, thereby having a significant effect on the cognitive ability of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]