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The World Health Organization created the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to provide a common framework to understand and describe functioning and disability. To make the ICF more applicable for everyday use, an ICF core set can be developed. We are going to reduce the entire ICF of 1400 categories to essential categories that can be used in a specific health context. These ICF core sets are created through a scientific process based on preparatory studies and the involvement of a multidisciplinary group of experts. The aim of this project is the development of an internationally accepted, evidence-based and valid ICF core set for irreversible vision loss. This article describes the process that is followed in detail and invites stakeholders to participate in the development.

Introduction In 2003, the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) launched the Best Practice Spotlight Organization® (BPSO®) designation as a key knowledge-translation strategy to support the implementation of best practice guidelines (BPGs), rapid learning and sustainability of evidence-based practice changes[1]. RNAO has since developed two data systems to monitor and evaluate the impact of BPG implementation: Nursing Quality Indicators for Reporting and Evaluation® (NQuIRE®) and the MyBPSO reporting system. The NQuIRE data system collects aggregated de-identified data from BPSOs related to their BPG implementation efforts based on quality indicators. Recently, the RNAO has launched an artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) initiative to assess data obtained from the two data systems and predict patterns in BPG implementation across organizations. AI and ML uses various computer techniques and advanced analytics to unwrap patterns of hidden information[2]. AI and ML techniques also aid in the performance of different tasks via statistical and algorithmic calculations that conventionally required human intervention in a comparatively faster way[2]. ML algorithms can be used to manage Big data and help with nursing assessments, interventions, clinical decision-making and documentation[3]. AI-powered techniques can also play a vital role in contributing to the understanding of BPG implementation. To better understand the impact of BPG implementation, RNAO intends to develop AI and ML techniques applicable to the NQuIRE and MyBPSO data systems. This makes it imperative to know which AI and ML methods exist to further support clinical decision-making and BPG implementation, which provided the basis for our scoping review. The goals of this scoping review are to gain a deeper understanding of implementation strategies and practice changes that improve clinical, organizational and health-system outcomes, and to advance BPSOs capacity for rapid learning and continuous quality improvement which can be uncovered via AI and ML techniques. Objectives The purpose of this scoping review is to understand the adaptation and implementation of various AI and ML techniques in a variety of health-care contexts utilizing different data systems which house nursing-related aggregated data. Keywords and subject headings associated with the following terms were combined: “health care”, “machine learning and deep learning”, and “data systems” (Appendix). Methods Standardized reporting guidelines stipulate certain items to include in research reports to improve methodological transparency and the uptake of research findings[4]. Specifically, scoping reviews follow systematic approaches to search and gather evidence while identifying knowledge gaps. Unfortunately, there is no existing scoping review protocol guidance. However, The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) provides a checklist of items for scoping review development[4], used as a guiding document for this review. The summary of RNAO’s scoping review is registered in the Open Science Framework database (registration doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZP6CG)[5]. This scoping review will map out current available evidence on AI and ML techniques. This may include identifying core concepts related to AI and ML, relevant terminology or techniques associated with AI and ML, knowledge gaps and summative techniques that were potentially adapted to build AI. Members of the Monitoring & Evaluation team at RNAO (SS, CM and SN) initiated this scoping review by conceptualizing the application of AI and ML techniques in nursing databases and determining the need for further research. The RNAO Guideline Development and Research Team (LH, AB and NN), provided support and aided in development of the methodology of the scoping review. RNAO’s Chief Executive Officer (DG) and Associate Director and Chief Scientist, RNAO (SN) informed the scope and direction of the project and will provide feedback on the results. This scoping review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework[6] which has been further advanced by Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien[7]. The five steps of the methodological framework include: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) study selection, (4) charting the data, and (5) collating, summarizing and reporting the results. Step 1: Identifying the research question This scoping review was conducted to build on evidence that supports RNAO’s AI and ML initiative. First, a research question was constructed to guide the scoping review[7]: What type of AI and ML techniques have been used in nursing data systems that are built on the use of aggregated data? In this protocol, nursing data systems refer to any data systems used to store clinical data related to the nursing scope of practice in health service organizations for future use or analysis. The term “aggregated data” refers to de-identified organizational information and aggregated data from quality indicators collected on a monthly basis. This does not include data registries, which only store data and are not part of data analysis at the organization level. Step 2: Identifying relevant studies A broad search strategy was developed to ensure the comprehensiveness of the evidence retrieved, which is a common aspect of all scoping reviews[6]. The MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Embase databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature. The search terms (Appendix) were drafted by SS and CM and were reviewed by LH and SN. Search terms included “nursing”, “artificial intelligence”, “data systems”, “statistics”, and “aggregated data”. Relevant Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms, CINAHL Subject Headings and keywords were added and combined using Boolean operators “AND” and “OR”. One reviewer ran the final search strategy (SS). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed through consultations with all authors. Grey literature was excluded from this scoping review because the focus was on scientific peer-reviewed literature and the fact that grey literature may be limited due to incomplete or incorrect identification. Grey literature is more difficult to process than other types of open-source citations owing to its nonstandard formats. The literature search was limited to articles published in the last two decades to ensure the evidence on AI and ML techniques was current. Our inclusion/exclusion criteria are described below: Inclusion criteria Quantitative studies All included citations must be: • Peer-reviewed • Published in the year 2000 or after • Available in English • Relevant to AI/ML in nursing • Based on aggregated data • Utilizing nursing data systems Exclusion criteria Qualitative studies and mixed-method studies • Grey literature such as theses, editorials, white paper publications • Conference abstracts • Discussion papers • Case studies • Published literature reviews, systematic/scoping reviews Step 3: Study selection Citations extracted from three databases were imported into EndNote[8] for de-duplication and then uploaded into DistillerSR[9] for screening. Two reviewers (SS and CM) independently screened citations in two stages: 1) a title and abstract screening and 2) full text review. The title and abstract screening was performed to determine relevancy of studies to the “use of AI and ML in the field of nursing or delivery of health care” while adhering to the inclusion criteria. For the full text review, the inclusion/exclusion criteria were even further refined to determine the utilization and analysis of aggregated data and nursing data systems. The full text articles were downloaded to DistillerSR[9], independently reviewed by SS and CM. Any disagreements were resolved through discussions by both reviewers. Step 4: Charting the data Data from included studies are extracted at this stage[7]. The data charting form will be created by the two reviewers (SS and CM) in Microsoft Excel 2019 (Microsoft Corp) and will be reviewed by SN and LH. Since data charting is an iterative process[7], the data charting form will be refined concurrently with data extraction. SS and CM will extract data from half of the citations and will then verify the half of the charted data they did not input. For the purpose of this scoping review, the proposed information to be extracted is as follows: • RefID (from DistillerSR) • First author (Year) • Study design • Country • Study setting • Eligibility criteria • Objective of study • Type of AI tool used • Description of AI method • Quantitative outcomes • Clinical outcomes • Additional comments/notes Step 5: Collating, summarizing and reporting the results There are three distinct steps to enhance the consistency of reporting: analyzing the data, reporting results, and applying meaning to the results[7]. A summary of the study findings will be presented in a manuscript following completion of the scoping review. Results Electronic database searches were conducted in March 2022 and a total of 2627 articles were retrieved and downloaded into EndNote[8]. After the removal of duplicates, 1518 articles remained. RNAO researchers aim to complete title and abstract screening, full text review, data charting and publishing a journal article by spring 2023. Conclusion and Future Directions The objective of this scoping review is to summarize the evidence available on current AI technologies used by data systems containing aggregated nursing-specific data. These insights will assist in ensuring that RNAO’s data systems are up to date with the most current AI and ML techniques. Preliminary findings indicate that AI and ML has been applied to the fields of oncology, pediatrics, neurology, and the use of Big data in nursing and health care. Recent publications also discuss the use of AI and ML techniques in COVID-19-related research. These findings will be presented in a final manuscript, and will also contain opportunities for implication of the findings and gaps for further research. Funding This work is funded by the Government of Ontario. All work produced by RNAO is editorially independent from its funding source. Conflicts of Interest None declared References 1. Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. Best Practice Spotlight Organizations (BPSO) (2023). Source: https://rnao.ca/bpg/bpso 2. Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. Nursing & Compassionate Care in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Engaging the Emerging Future (2020). Source: https://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/RNAO-AMS_Report-Nursing_and_Compassionate_Care_in_the_Age_of_AI_Final_For_Media_Release_10.21.2020.pdf 3. Ahmad, S., Jenkins, M. Artificial intelligence for nursing practice and management: Current and potential research and education. CIN Plus, 40(3), 139-144, 2022. 4. Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K.K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018 Oct 02;169(7):467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850 5. Singla, S., Medeiros, C., Howitt, L., Burt, A., Nizum, N., Naik, S., & Grinspun, D. (2022, November 24). A Scoping Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Nursing Data Systems. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZP6CG 6. Arksey H, O'Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 2005 Feb;8(1):19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616 7. Levac D, Colquhoun H, O'Brien K. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci 2010; 5:69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69 8. EndNote. Available: https://endnote.com/ 9. DistillerSR. Available: https://www.distillersr.com/

This is an undergraduate research project that will be submitted to the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford. This secondary analysis will use longitudinal Co-SPACE data to look specifically at the changes in mental health symptoms of children and young people (CYP) with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) (autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or both) in the 2 major UK lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will also include a control sample of age- and gender-matched children without an NDD and compare changes in their mental health symptoms to those of children with NDDs. We will look at the change in scores on the 3 subscales of the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) (emotional problems, conduct/behavioural problems, and hyperactivity/inattention) across 2 different time periods of 3 months: April, May and June 2020, and January, February and March 2021. The patterns for the 2 time periods will be compared to see if they are similar or different to one another. In addition, we will investigate the effects of specific diagnosis, age and gender on the direction and magnitude of change in mental health symptoms at both time periods. We will look at peer relationships as an extra predictor for CYP with NDDs only, in lockdown 1 only, as previous research suggests an association between quality of peer relationships and presence of NDDs, and between quality of peer relationships and mental health. The data on peer relationships does not exist for lockdown 2, hence why we will only analyse this for lockdown 1. The ongoing Co-SPACE study has already reported upon mental health trajectories for CYP without a NDD compared to those with an NDD and/or special educational needs (SEN), but they have not looked at CYP with NDDs exclusively (it has always been combined with SEN), and they have not looked at the influence of different predictor variables such as age and gender in the context of CYP with NDDs only. They have also not separated the effects of specific diagnoses or looked at the effect of comorbid ASD and ADHD diagnoses. Furthermore, in addition to Co-SPACE research, other papers from the UK and worldwide present a complicated and often contradictory picture of the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of CYP with NDs. Most research is cross-sectional, or has only looked at the first national lockdown, and few have looked at NDDs specifically. Some papers report a deterioration in the mental health of those with NDDs during the pandemic, and others an improvement. To complicate the picture further, there is evidence that individual mental health trajectories may differ widely based on a variety of variables, such as specific diagnosis, gender, and age. Hence, it is necessary for research to be done over a longer time period in the pandemic, focusing on looking at CYP with NDDs (without combining with SEN) in comparison to CYP without NDDs, and looking in the context of variables that may influence changes in mental health symptoms. Our secondary analyses will cover these gaps in the literature.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the characteristics of adaptations to implementation frameworks for minority ethnic groups, to improve health equity. Introduction: Despite the potential of implementation science, critical gaps remain within the field to facilitate health equity, particularly for people from minority ethnic groups. Most of the existing implementation frameworks do not address issues of power, structural racism and inequality. In response to calls to the field to prioritise ethnic equity approaches, theoretical and empirical adaptations to implementation frameworks have been made to improve health equity for minority ethnic groups during implementation. These have not been mapped in one paper. Inclusion criteria: Participants are people from minority ethnic groups with a diagnosed or suspected health problem, symptoms of a health condition or seeking healthcare. The concept is papers describing, using, or evaluating implementation frameworks which have been adapted to improve health equity for people from minority ethnic groups. The context is any physical or mental health intervention or innovation, in any health system/setting, in middle-high income countries. Methods: Bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL will be conducted, spanning the period from 2004 to current. Following a pilot test, titles, abstracts and then full text will be screened in EndNote/Rayyan by one researcher according to predetermined criteria. At each stage of screening, 10% of references will be screened by a second researcher. Extracted data will be presented in multiple tables and will be analysed narratively.

In recent years, there have been numerous discussions regarding the training of health professionals in light of an increasingly demanding and difficult environment. The 2014 publication of new National Curriculum Guidelines for the Undergraduate Medical Course is an illustration of this concern. Article 26 of Resolution No. 03 of June 20, 2014, of the Ministry of Education, which establishes the National Curriculum Guidelines for undergraduate medical education, stipulates that the course should be centered on the student as the subject of learning and supported by the teacher as a facilitator and mediator of the process, with the goal of providing the student with a complete and adequate education. Article 29 stipulates, on the other hand, that the course must employ methodologies that encourage the active participation of the student in the construction of knowledge and in the integration of content, ensuring the inseparability of teaching, research, and extension, and promoting integration and interdisciplinarity in accordance with the curricular development axis. Resolution No. 3 of the CNE/CES, dated November 7, 2001, expresses a similar concern for fostering the student's critical-reflective reasoning to meet the current professional profile. Article 9 of the National Curricular Guidelines for Undergraduate Nursing Courses (DCNs) stipulates that the Undergraduate Nursing Course must have a pedagogical project that is collaboratively developed, centered on the student as the subject of learning, and supported by the teacher as a facilitator and mediator of the teaching-learning process. This pedagogical initiative should aim to provide students with a complete and adequate education by integrating teaching, research, and extension or assistance. The publication of these guidelines sparked numerous discussions regarding the efficacy of the teaching methods employed in undergraduate courses in medicine and nursing. In this scenario, the study of active methodologies as novel teaching strategies that can contribute to more effective training has been highlighted. Active methodologies emerged in the 1980s and propose a teaching-learning process in which students are encouraged to adopt an active and accountable stance in their learning process, seeking autonomy, self-regulation, and meaningful learning (MOTA, A.; WERNER DA ROSA, 2018). In a sense, these methodologies oppose traditional methods and techniques that emphasize the transmission of knowledge, with the instructor at the center of the process based on his clinical and academic experience. Traditional teaching models are characterized by the prevalence of expository classes, fragmented practices, and a high level of intellectual and affective dependence on the teacher (FIGUEIREDO et al., 1996). Currently, their efficacy and validity are being questioned for both approaches. In addition, although the use of Active Methodologies is gaining popularity, there are few high-quality studies on this topic, necessitating the need for more scientific evidence to guide pedagogical actions in undergraduate courses. This study will utilize Kirkpatrick's evaluation model as a foundation for a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of active learning methodologies for undergraduate students in Medicine and Nursing. Kirkpatrick's model, which consists of four levels of evaluation—reaction, learning, behavior, and outcomes - will provide a solid framework for evaluating the impact of these methodologies on students' academic performance and their application to professional practice following the conclusion of the courses. OBJECTIVE Active methodologies have been widely cited in the last decade; however, the effectiveness of this teaching method is still much debated. The objective of this research is to comprehensively and systematically analyze the effectiveness of active methodologies on the performance of students enrolled in undergraduate courses in Medicine and Nursing, using Kirkpatrick's evaluation model as a basis. Through this research, we intend to identify the most relevant and up-to-date evidence on the impact of active methodologies on students' academic performance, classifying the results according to Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation: Reaction: Evaluate students' satisfaction with the use of active methodologies in the teaching of Medicine and Nursing, analyzing their feedback and perceptions about the learning process. Learning: To investigate the knowledge acquired and skills developed by students under the application of active methodologies, measuring the acquisition of specific competences. Behavior: Analyze the transfer of learning to the clinical environment and professional practice, verifying if the knowledge and skills obtained are effectively applied in the real-world work context. Outcomes: To examine students' academic and professional outcomes, including performance in assessments, exam pass rate, and career success after graduation in Medicine and Nursing. In addition, this research seeks to provide evidence-based recommendations and guidance for educators and higher education institutions in order to facilitate the choice and effective implementation of active methodologies, aiming to enhance the quality of teaching and academic success of Medicine and Nursing students. Type of Study Overview of a Systematic Review SEARCH The following databases were chosen to be searched: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via Elsevier, VHL Regional Portal, and ERIC. The search terms to be used were: "Medical Graduation", "Nursing Graduation", "Learning", "Active Methodologies" and "Systematic Reviews". PARTICIPANTS Studies that include undergraduate medical and nursing students of both genders, all ages, races, and cultures will be included. INCLUSION CRITERIA This Overview will include Systematic Reviews (with or without meta-analysis), which, in addition to comparing active and traditional methodologies, have included studies that used valid learning assessment instruments. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Systematic Reviews that analyze studies comparing active methodologies with each other. Scope reviews, narrative reviews, overviews, primary studies, editorials, letters, and conference papers INTERVENTION We will include systematic reviews that address the use of active methodologies compared to traditional methodologies in the learning process in undergraduate courses in nursing and medicine, analyzing the evidence of the effectiveness of this method. CONDITION OR DOMAIN BEING STUDIED OUTCOMES Assessment of the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (level 2 of the Kirkpatrick assessment instrument will be hierarchically prioritized, but in its absence, other instruments that assess the same outcomes will be accepted). The Kirkpatrick Model of Effectiveness Assessment is traditionally applied in corporate training programs but is also used in other courses due to its relevance among theorists and researchers of the subject. This model consists of four levels of evaluation: reaction, learning, behavior, and outcome. By analyzing level 2, we will find concrete data on students' learning and on the effectiveness of the teaching offered at graduation. As secondary outcomes, long-term knowledge retention and student engagement will be assessed. DATA EXTRACTION (SELECTION AND CODING) Study selection: First, two authors (M and MESP) will independently screen titles and abstracts using Qatar Computing Research Institute's Rayyan web application (doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4). Each reference will be reviewed by at least two authors. As training, at the beginning of this phase, 5% of the articles were screened independently by the authors, who resolved disagreements through a consensus-based discussion before continuing with the screening of the remaining articles. After title and abstract screening, the two authors (M and MESP) will independently apply the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the selected full texts. Each article will be judged by at least two authors. At this stage, decisions will be tracked using Excel spreadsheets. Reasons for exclusion will be documented. At each stage, researchers will be anonymous about each other's decisions, and consensus-based discussions will be used to resolve disagreements. Data extraction: Data extraction will be performed in Excel spreadsheets. Mainly, authors will extract: Author and year of publication, country or region Objectives of the systematic review -Methodologies involved -Target population -Dates of Search -Archives searched Number of studies included in each review -Continents of studies included in each review Design of studies included in each review -Years of studies included in each review Participants of studies included in each review -Determinants for method adoption Any other valuable comments or reflections For each article, at least one author will extract the data, and at least one other author will check the extracted data. Disagreements will be resolved through a consensus-based discussion. If the systematic review does not provide a summary of results regarding methods, the primary studies identified in the review will be read to extract and summarize the data. In this case, only primary studies referring exclusively to the population to be studied (undergraduate students) will be considered. RISK OF BIAS (QUALITY) ASSESSMENT To assess the study quality of systematic reviews, the authors will use AMSTAR 2 (Shea et al., 2017). For each paper, at least one author will do the assessment, and at least one other author will do the checking. Disagreements will be resolved through a consensus based discussion. Strategy for Data Synthesis The authors will carry out a narrative synthesis of the determinants of learning for active and traditional methods compared. In addition, the extracted data will be presented in one or more Summary of Findings tables. Outcome data will be pooled across reviews by removing studies that are duplicated across reviews. If pooling is possible, outcome data will be summarized in meta-analyses using the inverse variance method or inverse generic variance with a random effects model. If it is not possible to pool data between reviews, data will be displayed individually in the same graph for comparison between studies. SUBGROUP OR SUBSET ANALYSIS In the presence of heterogeneity, the following subgroups will be investigated: type of course (medicine or nursing), time of use of teaching methodology, and type of teaching methodology employed. REFERENCES Brasil. Ministério da Educação. Conselho Nacional de Educação. Câmara de Educação Superior. Resolução Nº. 3 de 20 de junho de 2014. Institui diretrizes curriculares nacionais do curso de graduação em Medicina e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, 23 jun. 2014. Brasil. Ministério da Educação. Conselho Nacional de Educação. Câmara de Educação Superior. Resolução CNE/CES nº. 3, de 7/11/2001. Institui Diretrizes curriculares nacionais do curso de graduação em enfermagem. Diário Oficial da união 09 nov 2001;Seção 1. Figueiredo JFC, Rodrigues MLV, Cianflone ARL, Colares MFA. Contribuição de diferentes atividades para o processo de aprendizagem, na percepção de alunos de medicina. Medicina (Ribeirão Preto) 1996 Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editores). Manual Cochrane para revisões sistemáticas de intervenções versão 6.3 (atualizado em fevereiro de 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Disponível em www.training.cochrane.org/handbook. Kirkpatrick DL, Kirkpatrick JD. Como avaliar programas de treinamento de equipes: os quatro níveis. 1ª ed. José Henrique Lamensdorf, tradutor. Rio de Janeiro: Senac; 2010 MOTA, A.; WERNER DA ROSA, C. Ensaio sobre metodologias ativas: reflexões e propostas. Revista Espaço Pedagógico, v. 25, n. 2, p. 261-276, 28 maio 2018.

The design optimization of mechanisms is promising as it results in more energy-efficient machines without compromising performance. However, machine builders do not apply state-of-the-art methods, as these algorithms require case-specific theoretical analysis. Moreover, the design synthesis approaches in the literature predominantly utilize heuristic optimizers, leading to suboptimal local minima. This paper introduces a widely applicable workflow, guaranteeing the global optimum. The constraints describing the feasible region of the possible designs are essential to find the global optimum. Therefore, kinematic analysis of the point-to-point planar four-bar mechanism is discussed. Within the feasible design space, objective value samples were generated through the CAD multi-body software. These motion simulations determine the required torque to fulfill the movement for a combination of design parameters. This replaces the cumbersome analytic derivation of the torque. This paper introduces sparse interpolation techniques to avoid brute force sampling of the design space. The advantage of this approach is that it is easily scalable to more design parameters, as the interpolation method minimizes the number of necessary samples. This paper explains the mathematical background of our developed interpolation approach. However, a step-by-step procedure is introduced to allow the employment of the interpolation technique by machine designers without the necessity to understand the underlying mathematics. Finally, the mathematical expression, obtained from the interpolation, enables applying global optimizers. In a case study of an emergency ventilator mechanism with three design parameters, 1870 CAD motion simulations allowed reducing the RMS torque of the mechanism by 67%.

Objective: To identify and map the airway clearance techniques (ACTs) used for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the factors that affect clinical decision making worldwide. Introduction: People with COPD commonly experience mucus hypersecretion and sputum retention, which contributes to an increase in their respiratory symptoms and the risk of exacerbations. Managing sputum is thus a main concern in this population. However, the use of ACTs in people with COPD in different healthcare settings and stages of the disease is still uncertain. The factors that influence clinical choices on selecting specific ACTs are also unclear. Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will include original research and grey literature that explore the use of ACTs for people with chronic respiratory diseases, in any healthcare context. Methods: The review will be conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. Searches will be conducted in databases of peer-reviewed publications and grey literature. Search results will be exported to Covidence for title, abstract, and full-text screening. Studies published in English, Portuguese, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Spanish, French, or Greek will be considered. Data will be extracted using a pilot-tested template, and findings will be presented using a narrative summary and supplemented by figures or tables. Keywords: sputum, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypersecretion, airway clearance, chest physiotherapy Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease characterized by restriction of airflow and breathing problems (1). The estimated global prevalence of COPD is greater than 10%, affecting more than 384 million people worldwide (2). COPD is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, which will only increase as the world population grows older (1). COPD is considered the third leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths in 20193. The management of bronchial secretion is one of the main problems encountered in COPD (4,5). People with COPD commonly experience mucus hypersecretion and sputum retention, which contributes to an increase in breathing problems and a higher risk of exacerbations6. The term airway clearance technique (ACT) refers to various strategies used to eliminate excess secretion from the airways. A wide range of techniques has been developed and are used for airway clearance in people with COPD, such as techniques that patients can practice independently or with assistance or by using devices (7-9). However, there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of these techniques, and which technique is used may differ according to the healthcare professional and patient preferences, country of use, and healthcare setting (10). In preparation for this scoping review protocol, an initial search of the literature was conducted in Prospero, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence Synthesis. No previous or ongoing scoping review on ACTs for people with COPD was identified, though we did identify a few systematic reviews (11-16). However, these reviews were published between 2000-2013 and therefore did not include recent evidence. Only two newer systematic reviews were identified (17,18). The main objective of these systematic reviews was to evaluate the effect of ACTs for people with COPD and therefore only included randomized controlled trials, which limits the identification of different techniques and mapping of the ACTs used in real-life settings. In order to support healthcare professionals in choosing optimal techniques for airway clearance and lay a foundation for the development of future clinical recommendations, we need a full understanding of all available ACTs for people with COPD. The main objective of this scoping review is to identify and map ACTs used for people with COPD within any healthcare or research context. The secondary objectives are to 1) systematically map the local recommendations and current guidelines for the use of ACTs for people with COPD; 2) map ACTs used for people with COPD per country, stage of the COPD (i.e., stable vs. acute), and healthcare context (i.e., hospital, home or community); and 3) explore the factors that are included in the choice of the appropriate ACT in clinical practice and research. Review Questions What ACTs are used for people with COPD? How do we decide which ACT to use? Secondary research questions: 1) What are the recommendations of current guidelines and local guidance, for the use of ACTs in people with COPD? 2) What is the distribution of ACTs used per country, COPD stage (i.e., stable vs. acute), and healthcare setting (i.e., inpatient vs. outpatient at home vs. outpatient in the community)? 3) What do clinicians or researchers take into account when they decide which ACT to use? Inclusion criteria Participants This review will consider studies describing the use of ACTs with the goal of improving the airway clearance of adults (≥18 years old) with a diagnosis of COPD, including those with stable COPD or exacerbations of COPD. People admitted to an intensive care unit due to severe acute exacerbation of COPD will be excluded. Studies including participants with additional respiratory diagnoses will not be excluded unless COPD is not the main condition. It will also consider audits and surveys that investigate the use of ACTs in these patients and the factors that influence clinical decision making for their selection. Concept This review will examine studies that investigate the concept of ACTs, which refer to a variety of strategies aimed at promoting the mobilization and removal of secretions from the airways. Specifically, this scoping review will focus on techniques developed to enhance airway clearance and alleviate symptoms associated with sputum. Techniques with different primary objectives, including exercise, respiratory muscle training, breathing pattern retraining techniques, and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), will be excluded from this review. Cough maneuvers, which are a physiological mechanism for expectorating sputum, will not be considered as an individual ACT, as they are frequently used as a control treatment arm in trials. Additionally, humidification and pharmacological approaches, such as mucoactive agents, will be excluded. Context This review will encompass studies that examine the delivery of ACTs in both institutional and non-institutional settings, i.e., homes and communities, to ensure a comprehensive scope. Examples of relevant contexts may include hospital inpatient services, outpatient clinics, community services, or home-care settings. The studies included in this review will not be restricted based on the location of the sample, cultural background, race, or date of publication. Types of sources This scoping review will consider quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods study designs, as well as clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, audits, and surveys on the use of ACTs for inclusion. If systematic reviews meet the inclusion criteria during the title and abstract screening, the individual studies included in the review will be screened for eligibility. Only systematic reviews that report findings for the role of ACTs in people with COPD will be included in data extraction. Conference abstracts will not be included. In addition, grey literature will be searched at Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and physiotherapy association websites of the United Kingdom, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Spain, Belgium, France, Australia, Canada, and the United States, position statements and other practice guidance related to ACTs. Methods The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR) extension for scoping reviews (19,20). The protocol will be registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) from the Center for Open Science prior to title and abstract screening, to improve research transparency and reduce the risk of bias. Search strategy The research team collaboratively developed the search strategy for this scoping review and worked with a university librarian to locate both published and unpublished primary studies, reviews, clinical practice guidelines, audits, and surveys related to the use of ACTs and their decision-making. An initial limited search of the JBI Evidence-Based Practice Database and Pubmed was conducted to identify relevant articles, using free text words, keywords, and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms found in article titles and abstracts. The search strategy will be validated with 4 articles that would fit the review eligibility criteria and that were identified a priori by the research team. Then, the full search strategy will be adapted for each included information source, and four databases will be searched: Medline via Pubmed (1946 to 2023), Embase via Elsevier (1974 to 2023), Cinahl via EBSCOHost (1937-2023), and Scopus via Elsevier. The Cochrane database (1995-2021) will also be searched for healthcare interventions and practice guidelines (see Appendix I for a complete description of the Medline database search strategy). Ongoing studies will be identified by searches in the Clinical Trials gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). A combination of subject headings and keywords will be used to search titles and abstracts in the selected databases. In addition, references of relevant articles will be hand-searched to expand the search. Grey literature will also be searched from the most recent report from the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and national and international physiotherapy association websites of the United Kingdom, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Spain, Belgium, France, Australia, Canada, and the United States, as well as for position statements and other practice guidance related to ACTs. Literature included in the review may be published in English, Portuguese, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Spanish, French, or Greek but must have an English abstract for screening purposes. Study/Source of evidence selection Following the search, all identified records will be collated and imported into Covidence (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia) where duplicates will be removed. The remaining studies will remain in Covidence for abstract and full-text screening. To ensure understanding of eligibility criteria and resolve any disagreements, a pilot test with 25 articles will be conducted by the research team. A 75% or more agreement will be sought before proceeding with screening (21). Then, two independent reviewers will assess the titles and abstracts against the inclusion criteria and the citations that meet the criteria will undergo full-text analysis. In each screening phase, citations achieving agreement for inclusion by the independent reviewers will be included. Disagreements between reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with another reviewer. The exclusion of papers that do not meet the inclusion criteria will be recorded and reported. The results of the search will be reported in a PRISMA-ScR flow diagram in the final scoping review (22). Data extraction At least two independent reviewers will extract data from the papers included in the scoping review using a data extraction tool adapted from Peters et al (21). The tool will address the review objectives and study design type. The extracted data will include specific details describing the population, concept, context, methods, and key findings relevant to the scoping review questions. The draft data extraction tool provided in Appendix II will be modified and revised as necessary during the process of extracting data from each included paper. Modifications will be detailed in the full scoping review. To ensure consistency of extraction and to identify any need to refine the data extraction tool, both reviewers will extract data from the first three references. Any disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with another reviewer. Data analysis and presentation The extracted data will be reported in a narrative summary providing the answer to our research questions, and key findings will be presented in a table within the manuscript. We will also illustrate themes and their relationships in an infographic or schematic. Discussion This is the first scoping review that will identify and map ACTs used for people with COPD worldwide and the relevant decision-making factors. By exploring a broad range of literature with the inclusion of original studies, audits and surveys on techniques, and recommendations from international societies, this scoping review will provide a comprehensive overview of all available ACTs in this population. In addition, this scoping review will map the factors influencing the decision-making process within any healthcare or research context. Since airway clearance is one of the main problems encountered in COPD, the results of this scoping review will be of interest to all healthcare professionals and policymakers involved in the management of COPD. The findings of this scoping review will allow these stakeholders to get a better understanding of the scope of ACTs for people with COPD within different population- and healthcare settings. In doing so, this scoping review will provide a foundation for the development of future international clinical guidelines, support healthcare professionals in choosing optimal ACTs and ensure that people with COPD receive the most appropriate care. References 1. Agustí A, Vogelmeier C, Faner R. COPD 2020: changes and challenges. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2020; 319(5):L879-L83. 2. Adeloye D, Chua S, Lee C, Basquill C, Papana A, Theodoratou E, et al. Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2015; 5(2):020415. 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). World Health Organization (WHO). URL https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd). Accessed 07.04.2023. 4. Tian PW, Wen FQ. Clinical significance of airway mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Transl Int Med. 2015; 3(3):89-92. 5. Rogers DF. The Role of Airway Secretions in COPD: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology and Pharmacotherapeutic Options. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2005; 2(3):341-53. 6. Belli S, Prince I, Savio G, Paracchini E, Cattaneo D, Bianchi M, et al. Airway Clearance Techniques: The Right Choice for the Right Patient. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8:544826. 7. Pakpahan R, Tarigan AP. The Effect of the Combination of Chest Physiotherapy and Active Cycle Breathing Technique on Respiratory Rate and Ability to Expend Sputum in Chronic Exacerbation Obstructive Lung Disease Patients at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine. 2021; 8(3):616-23. 8. Shen M, Li Y, Ding X, Xu L, Li F, Lin H. Effect of active cycle of breathing techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review of intervention. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020; 56(5):625-32. 9. Saeed MA, Ruth Emily B, Abdullah SSA, Ali MA, Winston ASB, Michael IP, et al. Use of oscillatory positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices to augment sputum clearance in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2020; 75(10):855. 10. Bhowmik A, Chahal K, Austin G, Chakravorty I. Improving mucociliary clearance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Medicine. 2009; 103(4):496-502. 11. Ides K, Vissers D, De Backer L, Leemans G, De Backer W. Airway Clearance in COPD: Need for a Breath of Fresh Air? A Systematic Review. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2011; 8(3):196-205. 12. Osadnik CR, McDonald CF, Jones AP, Holland AE. Airway clearance techniques for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; (3):Cd008328. 13. Hill K, Patman S, Brooks D. Effect of airway clearance techniques in patients experiencing an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Chron Respir Dis. 2010; 7(1):9-17. 14. Jones AP, Rowe BH. Bronchopulmonary hygiene physical therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; (2):Cd000045. 15. Tang CY, Taylor NF, Blackstock FC. Chest physiotherapy for patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2010; 96(1):1-13. 16. Andrews J, Sathe NA, Krishnaswami S, McPheeters ML. Nonpharmacologic airway clearance techniques in hospitalized patients: a systematic review. Respir Care. 2013; 58(12):2160-86. 17. Dobler CC, Morrow AS, Farah MH, Beuschel B, Majzoub AM, Wilson ME, et al. Nonpharmacologic Therapies in Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Mayo Clinic proceedings. 2020; 95(6):1169-83. 18. Daynes E, Jones AW, Greening NJ, Singh SJ. The Use of Airway Clearance Devices in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021; 18(2):308-20. 19. Aromataris E, Munn Z (Editors). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI, 2020. Available from https://synthesismanual.jbi.global. 20. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Bmj. 2021; 372:n71. 21. Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil, H. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews (2020 version). In: Aromataris E, Munn Z (Editors). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI, 2020. Available from https://synthesismanual.jbi.global. 22. Tricco A, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien K, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2018; 169. Appendix I: Search strategy Medline via PubMed: Searched April 26th, 2023 #1 Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive[Mesh] OR “Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease*” OR “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease*” OR “Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease*” OR “COPD” OR “COAD” OR “Chronic Airflow Obstruction*” OR “emphysema” or “bronchitis” 150,630 records retrieved #“physiotherap*” OR “physical therap*” OR “airway* clearance” OR “sputum clearance” OR “mucus clearance” OR “lung clearance” OR “tracheobronchial clearance” OR “mucociliary clearance” OR “sputum clearence” OR “bronchopulmonary hygiene” OR “pulmonary hygiene” OR “lung hygiene” OR “oscilat*” OR “PEP” OR “positive expiratory pressure” OR “Flutter” OR “Acapella” OR “Cornet” OR “Quake” OR “Aerobika” OR “Threshold” OR “TheraPEP” OR “intermittent positive pressure breathing” OR “IPPB” OR “IPV” OR “intrapulmonay percussive ventilation” OR “HFCWO” OR “High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation” OR “autogenic drainage” OR “ELTGOL” OR “slow expiration with glottis opened in lateral posture” OR “Expiration Lente Totale Glotte Ouverte” OR “ACBT” OR “active cycle*” OR “postural drainage” OR “gravity-assisted drainage” OR “percussion” OR “clapping” OR “vibration” OR “shaker” OR “shaking” OR “Physical Therapy Modalities” OR “AFE” OR “simeox” 555,225 records retrieved #3 #1 AND #2 5,474 records retrived

This paper is a comprehensive study that looks into the impact of dynamic informed consent on patient data privacy, ownership, trust, and willingness to disclose. The study includes a systematic review of existing literature to identify and evaluate relevant studies that have been published on the topic. The review process is thorough and systematic, with pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria used to ensure that only high-quality studies are included in the review. The study's findings indicate that dynamic informed consent has a significant effect on patient data privacy, ownership, trust, and willingness to disclose. Dynamic informed consent, in particular, was found to increase patient trust and willingness to disclose personal health information. Furthermore, dynamic informed consent improves patient understanding of their data privacy rights and ownership, according to the study. The paper provides useful information about the potential benefits of dynamic informed consent for patients and healthcare providers. The study emphasizes the significance of utilizing dynamic informed consent in healthcare settings to improve patient data privacy, ownership, trust, and willingness to disclose. Overall, the paper adds to the growing body of literature on the application of dynamic informed consent in healthcare.

Suicide is a leading cause of death among females of reproductive age, with a 5.5-7.4% mortality rate between the ages of 15-44 years (National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), 2022). A 2006 review paper indicated that individuals are more likely to make a suicide attempt the week before the onset of menses and the week of menses onset (Saunders & Hawton, 2006). Albeit comparisons between groups, a post-mortem study of females indicated that 54.46% of females who died by suicide were menstruating at the time of death, compared to the 6.75% of females who died by other causes of death (Dogra et al., 2007). In another study, researchers indicated reproductive females in states of low estrogen and low progesterone (menstrual phase, amenorrhea, and menopause) were more likely to have increased suicide intent, and specifically in an emergency room setting reproductive females were more likely to make an attempt during their menstrual week (Baca-Garcia et al., 2010). A recent paper indicated that 34% of individuals with PMDD have a lifetime history of suicide attempts, indicating a relationship between individuals who experience this predisposition to emotional hormone sensitivity are at risk for a suicide attempt (Eisenlohr-Moul et al., 2022). Despite evidence for large individual differences in emotional hormone sensitivity, there are no studies prospectively exploring whether greater emotional hormone sensitivity is linked to suicide attempt history. Given the cross-sectional data suggesting greater suicide attempt risk in the weeks surrounding menses, the present study aims to examine whether there is a correlation between degree of cyclical mood change (i.e., emotional hormone sensitivity) and previous lifetime suicide attempt (vs. ideation only) in females. If this association is observed, it would suggest that emotional reactivity to the menstrual cycle serves as a risk factor for not only suicidal ideation, but also suicide attempt, and would support further research aimed at identifying the causes of (and potential treatments for) these emotional symptom changes as a method of suicide prevention.

The current study is the primary paper resulting from the Love Together, Parent Together project. Study components (method, procedures, comprehensive measurement) can be found on the project page. In short, participants completed baseline assessments, at which point they were randomized to L2P2 vs. waitlist control. All participants completed three writing sessions (once every 4 weeks) which included brief surveys and a written summary of a recent conflict (and for the intervention group, the L2P2 program), followed by 1-week post-intervention, 1-month follow up, and 3-month follow up surveys. The current paper will present on the two-arm (treatment vs. waitlist) pilot RCT assessing the primary feasibility and secondary clinical objectives. Primary feasibility goals: steady enrolment rates; recruitment of a diverse sample in terms of sociocultural identity factors, and in the mild-moderate risk range as it relates to pandemic-related stress, and relationship distress; retention, adherence, and uptake; and program acceptability. Secondary clinical goals include a preliminary evaluation of treatment effects by examining group differences in the primary outcome to be used in a future main RCT (specifically, couples' relationship quality).

Stroboscopic visual training has carried out a series of tests in many aspects, such as attention, visual sensitivity, predictive time ability, visual motor response speed, visual memory and so on. However, the improvement boundary of stroboscopic vision training is not clear yet.Therefore, this paper provides a systematic review of the relevant literature on the impact of visual cognitive function after stroboscopic visual training. The purpose of this paper is to further clarify the mechanism of stroboscopic visual training, and to provide a theoretical basis for its application in sports training.

Trauma is the leading cause of pediatric mortality, potential years of life lost, and a significant medical cost in the developed world. (1,2) In addition, children have a higher incidence of mortality compared with adults. Mortality in children with traumatic hemorrhagic shock is 50% compared to 20-25% reported in adults. (3,4) Estimates indicate that there are 1,000 preventable traumatic deaths after injury in children per year in the US due to inadequate or delayed care. Recent retrospective and prospective observational studies indicate that resuscitation practices (appropriate blood product ratios and tranexamic acid (TXA) use) can dramatically reduce mortality in children with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. (5,6) Due to these alarming statistics, resuscitation and hemostatic strategies are a key target for standardization and subsequent investigation. However, clinical trial design surrounding this topic would be very difficult due to not only the lack of standardization in resuscitation approaches, transfusion strategies, utilization of hemostatic monitoring and adjuncts, but also the lack of agreed upon critical definitions and common data elements for study. To address these challenges, we organized a multidisciplinary team of highly engaged international experts and key stakeholders to develop consensus statements on best practice based on the current literature, consensus statements on research priorities, and methods of dissemination and implementation of the conference proceedings. Consensus statements will be developed via a highly structured process to include using the Delphi Method. A panel of 21 international experts (USA, Canada, Europe, Israel) that represent trauma surgery, transfusion medicine/hematology, anesthesia, critical care, and emergency medicine will form the consensus committee. The conference will also lead to the generation of a multidisciplinary research network focused on improving outcomes for children with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Aim 1: Review the current state of the art for the management of pediatric traumatic hemorrhagic shock. To achieve this aim, one full day of lectures will be used to review and discuss in detail current knowledge in the biology of traumatic hemorrhagic shock, methods to monitor shock and its consequences, hemorrhage control methods, and resuscitation practice patterns and outcomes in this population. Lectures will also include the importance of collecting common data elements, structure of a pediatric trauma resuscitation research network, and the Delphi Method for consensus statement generation. Aim 2: Develop evidence-based informed consensus statements for the management of pediatric traumatic hemorrhagic shock. To achieve this aim, we will use the Delphi Method process to create consensus recommendations for best practices for the management of pediatric traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Specific topics for discussion will include the use of tourniquets, prehospital blood use, transfusion and hemostatic adjunct strategies, hemostasis monitoring, airway and blood pressure management. Aim 3: Develop a consensus statement on research priorities. To achieve this aim, consensus statements will be developed that describe the mission and goals for a pediatric trauma resuscitation research network. Consensus statements will also be generated on specific research topics that need to be prioritized for the development of clinical trials. Recognizing the paucity of literature on many important topics in pediatric traumatic shock resuscitation, current knowledge gaps and research priorities in this population will be identified that will be critical to improving patient care. Aim 4: Develop a robust dissemination and implementation methods for consensus statements generated and for the results of future trials. To achieve this aim, we will collaborate with experts in the field of dissemination and implementation to develop methods that are optimal for the pediatric trauma community. Methods will include publishing a supplement in Pediatric Critical Care that summarizes the conference proceedings. Other methods such as the development of decision support tools, and the use of video conferencing and social media venues will be explored. The use of the dissemination and implementation tools established during the conference will be incorporated by the newly formed pediatric trauma resuscitation research network to change practice based on the evidence it generates. This network will begin multi-institutional collaboration to study generated research questions and maintain its framework and momentum with regular conference calls and yearly meetings. Consensus Methods: A “medical consensus” is a public statement on a particular aspect of medical knowledge that is generally agreed upon as an evidence-based, state-of-the art knowledge by a representative group of experts in that area. (20) A specific method to commonly used to establish consensus is the Delphi Method. To begin the process of developing consensus, the planning committee has agreed upon important topics (listed in agenda) that the consensus committee will discuss with the goal of generating consensus statements. Lectures during day 1 of the conference will cover these topics in detail to inform the discussion within the consensus committee. In addition, the planning committee will collect the current literature on consensus topics in a systematic approach and share as a pre-meeting packet to the consensus committee for review at least one month prior to this meeting. Members of the planning committee will perform scoping and systematic reviews with formal guidance from library science experts (UAB Library Services). Searches for all literature pertinent to the consensus statements, will use a Boolean approach that will take into account the keywords in the PICOS domains (21, 22): P (population), I (intervention), C (comparator), O (outcome), S (study design). In each instance, the librarian will search at least in PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane Library. Thereafter, two members of the consensus committee will independently select relevant papers through Covidence software. Retained papers will be used to write the first draft of one or multiple summaries and a first draft of recommendation(s) for the topics by the primary lecturer on the topic, using the GRADE methodology. (23-27) Although we will not be publishing formal systematic reviews, identical search methods and methodology to select the relevant literature will be carried out to provide the most relevant, current literature on which to base our consensus statements and discussion. The consensus statement development will be initially drafted by the faculty lecturer on the topic and will then be voted on by all members of the consensus committee utilizing the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Methodology, a method developed to combine the best available scientific evidence with the collective judgement of the experts. All experts rate the consensus statement on a Likert scale (1=disagreement, 9=strong agreement). The highest and lowest scores are discarded followed by calculation of the median and range. The median value determines how the recommendation is categorized: agreement (median=7-9), equipoise (median=4-6), or disagreement (median=1-3). The range (remaining lowest and highest values) determines if the recommendation is “strong” or “weak.” (28) If there is not agreement, those not in agreement can aid discussion to amend statement to facilitate agreement until voting can occur on the adjusted statement. If there is not consensus after three votes, the faculty lecturer will moderate discussion to develop changes from audience feedback to attempt to gain consensus. If after 5 total cycles of voting, there is no consensus, we will publish consensus could not be obtained. Two hours will be allotted for each topic.

A proof-of-concept training study of the effect of corporal control on cognitive function using the Geography of Corporal Consciousness (GEOCOCO) Method. ___ What role does the body play in cognition? What tools does the body give us to think? How does the specific way in which we use our body to relate with the space around us shape our cognitive abilities? Research has shown that cognitive and motor function in human beings is interrelated. This association can be understood evolutionarily in the context of bipedalism, where the human being’s upright posture and its requirement of complex and sophisticated movement served as a basis for the evolution of the neocortex. For example, Leisman et al. suggest that human postural muscles were the main conduit for motor and cognitive binding (1). From an ontogenetic perspective, there is evidence that delays in achieving motor developmental milestones impact cognitive function in children (2,3) and adolescents (4) especially in visuospatial working memory, and executive functions like inhibition and switching. Diamond (2000) also showed an interrelation and coactivation of the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex in both cognitive and motor functions (5). In both children (6) and adults (7) there is some evidence that physical aerobic activity for as little as 15 minutes can improve the brain’s plasticity and lead to better cognitive performance (though see Ciria et al., 2023 (8)). There is also extensive research on gesture, language, and cognition (9,10) suggesting that gesture was the primary modality for language evolution (11), and that it can shape and structure thought with performance on cognitive tasks becoming poorer when participants were not allowed to gesture (12). The discovery of mirror neurons and the human mirror neuron system, that are engaged whilst performing an action as well as when seeing another individual performing that same action (13), suggest that action may be the way we understand other humans and learn by imitation. Motivated by these phenomena, the Embodied Cognition approach suggests that cognitive processes cannot be separated from the body and the wider world in which they function. Embodied Cognition offers that the body has three functions with regard to cognition (14). The first is to act as a constraint, whereby bodily characteristics can aid or limit cognition. The second is as a distributor, where the body is seen as sharing the load of cognitive functions and cognitive systems are seen to include non-neural parts of the body (non-brain) and beyond-the-body environment as well. The third function of the body is to act as a regulator ensuring that cognition and action are coordinated in space and time (14). Following both the body as a distributor and body as a regulator proposals, the present study examines the cognitive consequences of learning to execute a particular motor act (to carry out a free-hand drawing task), when learning requires precise awareness of the body and its movement in relation to its surroundings during that motor act. Through a test –– training –– post-test design using the Geography of Corporal Consciousness (GEOCOCO) Method, we study this specific aspect of corporal consciousness and its effect on cognitive function, which has not been studied extensively by the existing literature, especially in the neurotypical adult population. GEOCOCO is a method developed with the intention of working on motor skills through corporally gestated drawings which involves the freehand execution of straight and curved lines on paper. The method was developed by Mr. Jaime Refoyo who then collaborated with Dr. Jaume Guilera, a doctor who suggested that patients with motor coordination difficulties could benefit from exercises based specifically on this methodology. Their study of the execution of GEOCOCO lines in the context of existing literature in the field of motor and cognitive processes indicated that the execution of said lines requires attention, fine and gross motor skills, response inhibition, estimation of time and space, motor pattern sequencing, visuospatial analysis and memory, metacognition, and awareness of the body’s position in space. For example, in order to execute a single line freehand, a GEOCOCO student has to simultaneously attend to roughly 20 inputs such as the specific position, orientation and pressure of different parts of the body towards the body itself and in space, the weight in each point of contact of the body with the table or floor, the grip of the pencil, the force executed while moving the pencil against the paper, the speed and rhythm of movement, and others. Thus executing a straight line in GEOCOCO requires one’s full attention and it is impossible to carry out any other task simultaneously or even to think about anything other than the correct execution of the line by aligning the body, pencil, paper and the space around as the technique requires. Studies using dual-task paradigms offer evidence suggesting that there are significant attentional demands for postural control (15) and that postural control employs visual-spatial processing (16). In the case of GEOCOCO, this attentional load also inhibits mechanisms that would divert attention away from the execution of the present line, including other lines already drawn on the paper. Drawing the line necessitates an implementation of a specific and precise motor sequence in which the timing of the action is equally important. Mr. J. Refoyo and Dr. Guilera used the method earlier to work individually with an autistic child and with a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) over a period of two years with positive results. Anecdotal evidence of their work suggested that both children performed better on a visuospatial memory task –– the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Drawing Test –– at the end of the training. There was also anecdotal evidence for transfer of learning to other motor skills and tasks. For example, the parent of one child reported that her son was able to independently tie his own shoelaces one day, which he had never been able to do before. Based on Refoyo’s previous work with the GEOCOCO method, the theoretical basis of its practice (detailed below), and its unique requirement of motor consciousness, this study is a first attempt at a formal study of the effect of receiving a GEOCOCO training on performance on a variety of cognitive control and perceptual abilities in the neurotypical adult population – specifically, attention, visuospatial orientation, proprioception, and visuospatial memory. Three types of stimuli are used in the work done in GEOCOCO – verbal (spoken instructions regarding the correct execution of lines), spatial (geometrical problems arising during the execution of the exercises) and object (how to hold the pencil, how to position the body in relation to the table and the floor). The three stimuli are combined for the correct execution of tasks done in GEOCOCO. If the goal of GEOCOCO is executing a perfectly straight line freehand for example, what is unique about the method is that the line drawn is only possible through the precise coordination of body parts that allows for the execution of a movement that results in the line. The line is a trace of the body’s movement and the precision of the line is a reflection of the precision of the coordination of the full body to carry it out. The straight and curved lines drawn in this manner are the tools used to solve different geometric problems proposed by the instructor. If the solution of a problem requires a line drawn in a different orientation, the student would need to reposition their entire body (arms, legs, pelvis) in order to be able to execute the new line. Unlike regular drawing, in which one would simply have to make a change in the angle of the wrist, or rotate the paper, here a thought (decision or choice) requires a unified action of the entire body. If it’s not possible for the body to be in a suitable position to execute the line, it is possible that the geometric problem, however simple, cannot be solved. In this way, the GEOCOCO method aims at involving the body as a whole and directly implicating it in thought.

The aim of this review is to examine existing research on the topic of professional carers’ discussion of grief and loss with parents caring for children with life-limiting neurodevelopmental disabilities (LLNDD’s). Of particular interest is the timing of these discussions, and whether these occur early in the child’s life or towards the end of life. Summary Parents experience a range of emotional reactions when their child is diagnosed with a life-limiting condition, including grief and loss responses (Machin, 2014; Guerin and Sheehan, 2017). Children with LLNDD’s may have long periods of relative stability interspersed with episodes of acute, potentially life-threatening illness and complications (Eiser,1993). Parents live with the constant awareness of their child’s shortened lifespan, though little is known about professional support for dealing with such challenging emotions. A preliminary search of relevant articles identified that studies of professional carers’ discussion of grief and loss primarily focus on the end-of-life phase in tertiary settings. While the benefits of initiating these discussions during the earlier stages of the child’s trajectory have been noted (Carr, 2021; Kochen et al., 2019), evidence for this is unclear. Findings from bereavement literature suggest that lack of preparedness for death is associated with increased bereavement risk (Aoun et al., 2012). Neurodevelopmental disabilities comprise a diverse group of diseases that all have dysfunction of the nervous system in common. They may vary over time and include a broad range of severity and complexity (Morris et al., 2013). The term “life-limiting neurodevelopmental disability” refers to a condition of neurodevelopmental origin for which there is currently no cure, and which is likely to lead to the child dying prematurely (Sutherland et al., 1994). For the purposes of the current review, the definition proposed by Together for Short Lives (2017) will be used. Life-limiting conditions are defined as “those for which there is no reasonable hope of cure and from which children or young people will die. Some of these conditions cause progressive deterioration rendering the child increasingly dependent on parents and carers”. Key Review Questions The scoping review aims to address four research questions: 1. What is known from research of professional carers’ discussion of aspects of grief and loss with parents caring for a child with a LLNDD? 2. How common are these discussions? 3. To what end do these discussions take place? 4. At what point(s) in the child’s lifespan do these discussions occur? 5. What gaps exist in the body of primary research literature relating to professional carers’ discussion of aspects of grief and loss with parents following diagnosis of their child with a LLNDD? Objective To explore the factors associated with professional carers’ discussion of aspects of grief and loss with parents caring for a child with LLNDD’s. Primary Investigator Elaine Brennan, B.A. (Hons) Social Policy, MSW, C.Q.S.W., MSc Loss and Bereavement Other Investigator(s) Prof. Suzanne Guerin, BA, PhD Participating Institution(s) School of Psychology, University College Dublin Contact Details for Public/Scientific Enquiries Postal Address: Elaine Brennan c/o Prof. Suzanne Guerin, School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. E-Mail Addresses: elaine.brennan3@ucdconnect.ie suzanne.guerin@ucd.ie Telephone Number: 00353877759240 (Elaine Brennan) Countries involved Ireland Funding The primary researcher who is a PhD candidate registered with the School of Psychology, University College Dublin, was awarded the Mc Kenna Scholarship funded by LauraLynn Ireland’s Children’s Hospice. Search Strategy The PCC framework (Peters et al., 2020) developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for the conduct of scoping reviews was selected for this study in order to identify the main concepts in the review questions and objectives and to inform the search strategy. Using the PCC mnemonic the main concepts were identified as follows: • Population: Parents of children with life-limiting neurodevelopmental disabilities as defined above (Sutherland et al.,1994; Together for Short Lives, 2017) • Concept: The review is interested in the extent to which professional carers initiate discussion of aspects of grief and loss with parents, with a particular interest in the timing of these discussion. • Context: The review will focus on the period following diagnosis and throughout the child’s lifespan. Studies in all settings of paediatrics including hospitals, community-based services and hospices will be included. Databases The following electronic databases will be searched using the same string of search terms: PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed. The search described below will be run on all three identified databases on the same day and results uploaded first to Endnote and then to Covidence software for removal of duplicates and screening. Search terms Search terms were identified based on existing reviews and following initial searching of three relevant databases to examine the terminology, synonyms and keywords used to describe the relevant concepts. The search terms developed for the PsycINFO database are provided below, with adaptations based on the specifics of the other databases. PsycINFO Database Search String: “life limiting neurodevelopmental disabil*” OR “neurodevelopmental disorders” OR "life limiting condition" OR "life limiting illness" OR “complex care need" OR "progressive disabil*" OR "life-threatening condition” OR "chronic illness" OR “chronic disease” OR “disease progress*” OR “end of life” OR (DE “Disease Progression”) OR (DE “Critical Illness”) OR (DE “Chronically Ill Children”) AND child* OR kid* OR infant* OR toddler* OR pre-school* OR youth* OR “young person” OR adolescen* OR p#ediatric OR teen* OR student* OR pupil* OR ( DE "Preschool Students") OR (DE "Pediatrics”) AND parent* OR mother* OR maternal OR father* OR paternal OR famil* OR caregive* OR (DE "Parents") OR (DE "Mothers") OR (DE "Fathers") OR (DE "Family") OR (DE "Caregivers") AND Death OR Grief OR Loss* OR "palliati* care" OR dying OR coping OR bereave* OR griev* OR mourn* OR terminal* OR "child mortality" OR adaptat* OR “end of life care” OR (DE "Death and Dying") OR (DE "Grief") OR (DE "Coping Behavior") OR (DE "Palliative Care") OR (DE "Adaptive Behavior") OR (DE" Bereavement") OR (DE "Child Death") Information Sources All types of empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals will be included. This will include quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed methods studies. Study designs that focus on qualitative data including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, qualitative description and action research will be included. The search will be exhaustive of all years of records and countries of publication. Searching will be confined to peer-reviewed articles published in the English language. Inclusion Criteria 1. Articles reporting studies relating to children with life-limiting neurodevelopmental disabilities in line with the definition proposed by Together for Short Lives (2017). 2. Articles reporting discussions of grief and loss by professional carers’ with parents of children with LLNDD at the time of diagnosis and throughout the child’s lifespan. 3. The study gathers the views of professional carers or gathers the views of parents reporting their engagement with professionals on this issue. 4. Studies that include parents of children with other life-limiting conditions if the findings relating specifically to children with life-limiting neurodevelopmental disability can be extracted and synthesised separately or if the majority of the sample meet the first criterion. 5. Articles reporting primary, empirical research. 6. Research articles published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language. 7. Children are defined as persons from birth to 18 years. Exclusion Criteria 1. Articles reporting secondary research (e.g. systematic reviews, meta analyses), conference abstracts, theoretical/conceptual papers, book chapters (unless peer-reviewed and presenting primary empirical research), opinion pieces, protocols. 2. Articles reporting discussions by professional carers’ with parents of children with life-limiting diagnoses that do not explicitly report on discussions with parents of children with life-limiting neurodevelopmental disabilities. 3. Studies reporting on professional carers’ discussions with parents of children over the age of eighteen years. Data Screening Screening of all results will be undertaken in two phases. First, a Title and Abstract screening by two reviewers to identify articles that may meet the eligibility criteria. Relevant articles will be screened at Full Text review using the same eligibility criteria. A pilot screening will be undertaken by two members of the research team on the first 50 title and abstract records generated by a search of the all three databases in order to test and refine the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Understanding of inclusion and exclusion criteria will be discussed and clarified among the three members of the research team to ensure consistent application, recognising that some criteria can only be established at full text level. All records with a Yes/Yes and Yes/Maybe determination will be brought forward for full text screening. No/No and No/Maybe determinations will lead to exclusion from full text screening. Any Yes/No conflicts will be resolved based on the review determination of the third member of the research team. A pilot screening of a sample of full texts will be undertaken by two members of the research team on the first 10 full text records generated by the Title & Abstract screening in order to test and refine the inclusion and exclusion criteria and to identify reasons for exclusion to be added to Covidence. All articles identified to progress to Full Text screening will be reviewed by two reviewers, using the original inclusion and exclusion criteria and with disagreements resolved as per the Title and Abstract Screening. Contact will be made with study authors as required, in order to clarify aspects of studies being considered for inclusion. Data Extraction Data extraction will be completed on each article identified for inclusion in the data extraction stage following full text screening to map the characteristics of included studies. The template developed will be piloted by two reviewers on a sample of 10% of papers to ensure consistent extraction of data and maximising relevance to research question. The template will be modified and revised as necessary during the process of extracting data from each included evidence source. Modifications will be detailed in the scoping review. Remaining data extraction will be completed by the primary reviewer, with double extraction on a sample of articles to allow for calculation of rates of agreement. Primary Outcomes A descriptive summary of data extracted relating to professional carers’ discussions of aspects of loss and grief with parents caring for a child with life-limiting neurodevelopmental disability, including details about the population, concepts, study methods and key findings. Secondary Outcome An identification of the gaps in primary research relating to the discussion by professional carers’ of aspects of grief and loss with parents caring for children with life-limiting neurodevelopmental disability. Assessment of Methodological Quality The Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (Hong et al, 2019) will be used to appraise the quality of studies at the data extraction stage to inform synthesis and interpretation of results. A risk of bias assessment is not required in scoping reviews as the purpose is not to interpret results for clinical practice. Data Synthesis The information gathered in the extraction and analysis stage will be included in a descriptive summary of the main results and will describe how the results relate to the review objective and question. Thematic synthesis (Braun and Clarke, 2022) will guide the process of summarising data. Extracted data will be mapped into particular categories based on the PCC framework and an explanation provided for each category. Results and limitations of the review will be discussed in the context of current literature, gaps in the literature and implications for future research. Reporting of Results The results will be reported in full in the final scoping review and presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) (Tricco et al., 2018). Dissemination Plan Conference presentations (to professionals and parents). Summary of findings disseminated via social media and sent to relevant bodies (LauraLynn, Disability Service providers) with a request that they consider dissemination. Updated record including summary of findings will be submitted to Research Registry on completion of the study. Journal article publication. Stage of review at time of submission Searches of identified databases have been completed. References Aoun, S.M., Breen, L.J., O'Connor, M., Rumbold, B. and Nordstrom, C. (2012). A public health approach to bereavement support services in palliative care. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 36 (1), pp. 14-16. Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: a practical guide. Los Angeles:Sage. Eiser, C. (1993). Growing Up With A Chronic Disease: The Impact on Children and Their Families. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Hong, Q.N., Pluye, P., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B. and O’Cathain, A. (2019). Improving the content validity of the mixed methods appraisal tool: a modified e-Delphi study. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 111, pp.49-59. Kochen, E.M., Jenken, F., Boelen, P.A., Deben, L.M.A., Fahner, J.C., van den Hoogen, A., Teunissen, S.C.C.M., Geleijns, K., Kars, M.C., Grief, T.A. and Boelen, L. (2020).When a child dies: a systematic review of well-defined parent-focused bereavement interventions and their alignment with grief- and loss theories. BMC palliative care, 19(1), pp. 28-28. Machin, L. (2014). Working with loss and grief: a theoretical and practical approach, Second Edition. Los Angeles: Sage. Morris, C., Janssens, A., Tomlinson, R., Williams, J. & Logan, S. (2013). Towards a definition of neurodisability: a Delphi survey. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 55( 12), pp.1103-1108. Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil, H. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews (2020 version). In: Aromataris E, Munn Z (Editors). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI, 2020. Available from https://synthesismanual.jbi.global. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-12 Sutherland, R. Hear, J. Baum, D. Elston, S. (1994). Definitions in paediatric palliative care. Health Trends 25,pp.148-150. Together for Short Lives (2017). Children's palliative care definitions. Retrieved from http://www.togetherforshortlives.org.uk/professionals/childrens_palliative_care_essentials/definitions. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al . (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850

Title: Financial Activities and Errors Among Patients with Dementia Authors: Madhumitha Manivannan, Winston Chiong, MD PhD Research Questions: Descriptive/exploratory: Investigate current financial activities of patients with dementia For people with dementia, financial errors due to either their own mismanagement or to abuse by others can have devastating personal and family consequences. Studies show that financial mismanagement is often the earliest sign of cognitive decline, well before patients and their families are aware of reduced cognitive capacity. Furthermore, patients with dementia often continue to handle finances despite receiving a diagnosis of dementia, indicating high vulnerability to mismanagement and errors. One gap in the current literature is in characterizing the extent to which patients with dementia continue to engage in real-world activities, as a risk factor for financial mismanagement and abuse. Do different dementia syndromes have characteristic types of financial errors? Different dementia syndromes target specific neural systems that may be reflected in susceptibility to different types of error (e.g. amnestic errors in Alzheimer’s disease versus impulsive decisions in frontotemporal dementia). Understanding these differences might help providers better counsel and support patients with dementia and their families in mitigating risks associated with specific errors. Hypotheses: Primary Aim Hypotheses Hypothesis a Financial mistakes due to being too gullible or trusting and wasteful or too careless with money are more prevalent in patients with frontotemporal dementia than in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Hypothesis b Financial mistakes due to trouble with memory are more prevalent in patients with Alzheimer’s disease than in patients with frontotemporal dementia. Secondary Aims (Exploratory) -We will examine the prevalence of financial mistakes among patients with primary progressive aphasia due to the reasons listed in hypotheses a and b (above). Sampling Plan Existing Data: The “parent” projects we are recruiting our participants from include the UCSF ADRC (Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center) and the UCSF Frontotemporal Dementia: Genes, Images, and Emotions program (funded by the Parent Project Grant [PPG]). Behavioral data have been collected on both a Qualtrics platform as well as paper versions of the financial activities questionnaire. Behavioral data has been reviewed to assess enrollment numbers in disease categories and tailor future recruitment strategies. At the time of this pre-registration, all data from bvFTD and PPA participants have been collected. We are continuing to enroll AD participants to reach our target enrollment numbers. No analyses have been conducted on collected data. Data Collection Procedures: Participants will be recruited from one of two “parent” projects, the ADRC or the PPG, with continuing clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging data collection. As part of enrollment in one of the two aforementioned projects, subjects undergo extensive neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, neuroimaging, and clinical interviews and will be diagnosed by a team of neurologists, neuropsychologists, and nurses using consensus research criteria for Alzheimer’s disease, bvFTD, and primary progressive aphasia. Inclusion criteria will mirror those in each of the three parent projects: subjects will be fluent in English and will not have a history of another cognitive or neurological disorder. Questionnaires are completed by participants' family caregivers, who are co-enrolled in longitudinal research with patients as informants. Initially, some questionnaires were distributed to caregivers as paper copies; later, these questionnaires were transferred to Qualtrics. Caregivers were provided with tablet computers during patients' in-person visits and guided to answer the questionnaire. For some caregivers, if collection could not be accomplished during the in-person visit, then the Qualtrics instrument was e-mailed for completion at home. Sample Size: Our target sample size is 150. We plan to enroll 50 patients with frontotemporal dementia, 50 patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, and 50 patients with primary progressive aphasia. Sample Size Rationale: Chiong et al.’s study (2014) of differences in financial decision-making among patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and frontotemporal dementia reported moderate effect sizes for a dissociation between cognitive versus affective aspects of decision-making4. Hypothesis a: Applying standard power calculations based upon effect sizes observed in Chiong et al. (2014), two-sided alpha = 0.05 level tests based on 50 subjects in each group will have 43% power to detect observed differences in errors reflecting interpersonal solicitation, 93% power to detect observed differences in errors reflecting excessive spending, and 99% power to detect observed differences in errors reflecting decreased sensitivity to losses. As question 9 and 10 relate to all three of these factors, we expect the power of our combined item to fall somewhere between the above values. Hypothesis b: Applying standard power calculations based upon effect sizes observed in Chiong et al. (2014), two-sided alpha = .05 level tests based on 50 subjects in each group will have 88% power to detect observed differences in errors reflecting memory. Variables Measured Variables: Financial Activities Questionnaire In this questionnaire, caregivers of patients with dementia answer questions related to the patient’s current financial activities, past financial errors, and different types of financial errors. Questions 1-6 ask about the kinds of financial decision-making the patient participated in both before and after they had problems with memory or cognition. Question 7 allows respondents to elaborate on their answers to 1-6. Questions 8-13 ask about the types of financial errors the patient has made in the past year, e.g. mistakes due to memory problems, being too trusting, or worrying too much. Question 14 allows respondents to elaborate on their answers to 8-13. All multiple choice questions have answer choices of ‘Yes,’ ‘No,’ or ‘I did not know them well enough to answer.’ Analysis plan: For our primary aims, we will run multiple logistic regression with respondents' answers to question 9 and 10 (mistakes due to being too trusting/gullible, and mistakes due to wasteful or careless with money, respectively) as outcome variables for hypothesis a and using question 11 (mistakes due to impaired memory) as the outcome variable for hypothesis b. The model will include predictors for patient’s age, gender, and educational attainment as demographic variables. References: Pérès, K., Helmer, C., Amieva, H., Orgogozo, J. M., Rouch, I., Dartigues, J. F., & Barberger-Gateau, P. (2008). Natural history of decline in instrumental activities of daily living performance over the 10 years preceding the clinical diagnosis of dementia: a prospective population-based study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01499.x Triebel, K. L., Martin, R. C., Nabors, L. B., & Marson, D. C. (2009). Medical decision-making capacity in patients with malignant glioma. Neurology, 73(24), 2086-2092. Widera, E., Steenpass, V., Marson, D., & Sudore, R. (2011). Finances in the older patient with cognitive impairment:“He didn't want me to take over”. Jama, 305(7), 698-706. Chiong, W., Hsu, M., Wudka, D., Miller, B. L., & Rosen, H. J. (2014). Financial errors in dementia: testing a neuroeconomic conceptual framework. Neurocase, 20(4), 389-396.

This is a protocol of a scoping review that will be conducted to systematically identify and map the existing literature about the use of compensation with patients who have had a stroke by rehabilitation professionals. The review’s methodology will follow guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Papers published in peer review journals of all methodologies and designs will be identified by searching six databases and within the reference list of the included studies until the end of Feb 2023. Included papers will be categorized by their type of evidence resource and design among other characteristics, and will be presented descriptively. We hope to identify research gaps and future research directions.

INTRODUCTION Globally symphysis fundal height measurement (SFH) is a commonly used method to estimate gestational age globally. Among other methods that are used to estimate the gestational age are the last normal menstrual period (LMP) if it is performed early in pregnancy, early abdominal ultrasound, and New Ballard score which is done on the new born baby after delivery (Rada et al., 2018) SFH measurement is the most used tool to estimate the gestational age and to monitor fatal growth in low and middle income and developing countries where ultrasound services are not always available (Rada et al., 2018). Estimation of gestational age is done to exclude risks such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, and oligohydramnios. If the risks are not identified, this may lead to undiagnosed conditions which will then lead to mismanagement. Literature search was done on systematic, scoping, and meta-analysis reviews that were conducted on SFH. Scoping review is regarded as one of the newer review types adapted to clarify the operational definitions and conceptual boundaries of a topic (Peters et al., 2020). Whelan et al. (2022) conducted a systematic review of symphysis fundal height (SFH) measurement in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The aim was to look at the methods of SFH measurement and assess the accuracy of SFH in the estimation of gestational age. During this review different databases were searched from January 1980 to November 2021 and the grey literature was included. Inclusion and exclusion eligibility criteria were applied. About 37 out of 1,003 studies that were reporting the comparison between SFH measurement and other methods were included in the study. The findings revealed that SFH is underestimated in comparison with ultrasound, therefore it is not recommended for gestational age aging. Despite these findings SFH measurement is still used worldwide. Goto, (2020) conducted a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic value of SFH to identify large for gestational age among the two developing African countries. There was no evidence that SFH can estimate low for gestation babies or large babies. (Mabrouk et al., 2022) conducted a scoping review of preterm births in sub-Saharan Africa. Although SFH was among the methods that were used to estimate gestational age, last menstrual period was found to be the most useful method. The literature on SFH measurement shows that it is still used globally and locally especially if the woman is not sure of her menstrual dates and in the absence of ultrasound services. This scoping review will identify the gaps and will map the evidence and rate at which SFH is used to estimate the gestational age. It will also be used to assist in the triaging of patients at risk and their diagnosis thereof. Munn et al. (2018) described the scoping review as “an ideal tool to determine the scope or coverage of a body of literature on a given topic and give a clear indication of the volume of literature and studies available as well as an overview (broad or detailed) of its focus”. Scoping review was introduced to synthesize the evidence of primary research conducted in the health care field. The scoping review may be conducted to summarize and disseminate the findings. It may be undertaken to identify the research gaps and give recommendations necessary for future research Peters et al., (2020). The reviewer has searched PubMed and Google scholar databases for the studies (systematic, scoping, and meta-analysis reviews) conducted on the estimation of gestational age and fetal growth monitoring. The following purposes of conducting the scoping review were reported by (Munn et al., 2018) in their study to describe the guidance for authors when choosing between the systematic and scoping review: a) To identify the types of available evidence in each field b) To clarify key concepts/ definitions in the literature c) To examine how research is conducted on a certain topic or field d) To identify key characteristics or factors related to a concept e) As a precursor to a systematic review INTRODUCTION Globally symphysis fundal height measurement (SFH) is a commonly used method to estimate gestational age globally. Among other methods that are used to estimate the gestational age are the last normal menstrual period (LMP) if it is performed early in pregnancy, early abdominal ultrasound, and New Ballard score which is done on the new born baby after delivery (Rada et al., 2018) SFH measurement is the most used tool to estimate the gestational age and to monitor fatal growth in low and middle income and developing countries where ultrasound services are not always available (Rada et al., 2018). Estimation of gestational age is done to exclude risks such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, and oligohydramnios. If the risks are not identified, this may lead to undiagnosed conditions which will then lead to mismanagement. Literature search was done on systematic, scoping, and meta-analysis reviews that were conducted on SFH. Scoping review is regarded as one of the newer review types adapted to clarify the operational definitions and conceptual boundaries of a topic (Peters et al., 2020). Whelan et al. (2022) conducted a systematic review of symphysis fundal height (SFH) measurement in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The aim was to look at the methods of SFH measurement and assess the accuracy of SFH in the estimation of gestational age. During this review different databases were searched from January 1980 to November 2021 and the grey literature was included. Inclusion and exclusion eligibility criteria were applied. About 37 out of 1,003 studies that were reporting the comparison between SFH measurement and other methods were included in the study. The findings revealed that SFH is underestimated in comparison with ultrasound, therefore it is not recommended for gestational age aging. Despite these findings SFH measurement is still used worldwide. Goto, (2020) conducted a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic value of SFH to identify large for gestational age among the two developing African countries. There was no evidence that SFH can estimate low for gestation babies or large babies. (Mabrouk et al., 2022) conducted a scoping review of preterm births in sub-Saharan Africa. Although SFH was among the methods that were used to estimate gestational age, last menstrual period was found to be the most useful method. The literature on SFH measurement shows that it is still used globally and locally especially if the woman is not sure of her menstrual dates and in the absence of ultrasound services. This scoping review will identify the gaps and will map the evidence and rate at which SFH is used to estimate the gestational age. It will also be used to assist in the triaging of patients at risk and their diagnosis thereof. Munn et al. (2018) described the scoping review as “an ideal tool to determine the scope or coverage of a body of literature on a given topic and give a clear indication of the volume of literature and studies available as well as an overview (broad or detailed) of its focus”. Scoping review was introduced to synthesize the evidence of primary research conducted in the health care field. The scoping review may be conducted to summarize and disseminate the findings. It may be undertaken to identify the research gaps and give recommendations necessary for future research Peters et al., (2020). The reviewer has searched PubMed and Google scholar databases for the studies (systematic, scoping, and meta-analysis reviews) conducted on the estimation of gestational age and fetal growth monitoring. The following purposes of conducting the scoping review were reported by (Munn et al., 2018) in their study to describe the guidance for authors when choosing between the systematic and scoping review: a) To identify the types of available evidence in each field b) To clarify key concepts/ definitions in the literature c) To examine how research is conducted on a certain topic or field d) To identify key characteristics or factors related to a concept e) As a precursor to a systematic review a) What is the evidence of studies conducted to estimate the gestational age in single pregnancy using SFH measurement in Africa? b) What are the different methods used to estimate gestational age in single pregnancy in Africa? Scoping review questions Methodology A scoping review protocol will be developed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual (Peters et al., 2022). Protocols provide the reviewers with the direction on how to conduct and report the scoping review results. Protocols also specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria, databases and the search strategy that will be adopted (Peters et al., 2022). The reviewer will register the scoping review in JBI to avoid unintended duplication of reviews. When conducting a scoping review, the researcher will follow the steps as described in the (JBI) manual. These steps differ from those that are used when conducting the traditional systematic reviews because the scoping review addresses the broader gaol as opposed to the systematic review (Peters et al., 2022). The number of articles searched will be presented in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The aim of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers to understand the relevant items to be reported for scoping reviews (Tricco et al., 2018). Eligibility criteria Scoping review Objective When developing search terms, inclusion, and exclusion criteria, the researcher will apply the Population, Concepts, Context (PCC) framework as indicated in the table below. Table 1 PCC: Search terms and eligibility criteria Variable Description Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Population Pregnant women, pregnant mothers or expecting mothers, antenatal patients (A pregnant woman is a woman attending antenatal care clinic with a singleton pregnancy) -Articles written in English language -Studies conducted on singleton pregnancy between 18 and 36 weeks of gestation - SFH and gestational age articles published between 2013 and 2023 -Articles not written in English -Studies not conducted on singleton pregnancy and not between 18 and 36 weeks of gestation -SFH and gestational age studies conducted before 2013 Concept Estimation of gestational age, gestational aging, fetal growth monitoring, symphysis fundal height measurement -Studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries, low socio economic or remote countries to obtain the latest information on gestational ageing and the most used methods. -All studies conducted to estimate gestational age using SFH measurement and other methods (Ultrasound, menstrual data) to estimate gestational age or to monitor fetal growth -All studies with SFH measured in successive antenatal visit. Context Africa*, OR African countries* OR developing countries*, OR low resource countries*, OR low- and middle-income countries* -All studies conducted in Africa, developing countries, low resource countries, low- and- middle income countries -All studies conducted in developed countries, high-income countries Search strategy The search strategy will include the keywords symphysis fundal height, gestational age, fetal growth monitoring, estimation of gestational age, gestational aging, Africa, low socio-economic countries, low- middle income countries, developing countries. When searching using the keyworks, the researcher will apply PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework. The search strategy will also use the index terms when searching the identified databases (Peters et.al, 2020) The literature search will include the studies written in English and conducted between 2013 and 2023. There will be no design limiters during literature search, any study design will be included. During the initial search, the reviewer will screen the titles and abstracts of papers that have been searched using two databases PubMed and EbscoHost. To refine the search terms, key words and MeSH terms will be discussed with the review team (Peters et.al, 2020) In step two the following databases will be searched: UKZN library, Ebscohost, PubMed, CINAHL, Google scholar and Web of Science will be used to search for the relevant articles of primary studies of systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Grey literature will also be searched in the form of dissertations and theses, and World health organization reports (WHO). In step three the searching of the reference list of the articles included will be done. The key authors of the reviews and primary studies will be contacted should the additional information be required (Peters et al., 2022). The review team, with the help of the subject librarian will apply the eligibility criteria to screen the articles. During literature search, the reviewers will use the Boolean operators OR and AND. To broaden the search, operator OR and truncations will be used. Operator OR will also be used to connect the synonyms for example fetal growth monitoring OR estimation of gestational age. Operator AND will be used to connect the key words for example symphysis fundal height and Africa (Mabrouk et al., 2022). Relevant studies obtained from the search will be imported to the endnote version 20.5. Rayyan software will also be used for the documentation and management of the results (Peters et al., 2022) Query Results Time Search: ((Symphysis fundal height measurement) OR (Fetal growth monitoring)) AND (africa) Filters: Abstract, Free full text, Full text, in the last 10 years 78 05:30:09 Search: (( Africa) AND (Symphysis fundal height measurement)) OR (Fetal growth monitoring) Filters: Abstract, Free full text, Full text, in the last 10 years 1,847 05:28:03 Search: Symphysis fundal height measurement OR fetal growth monitoring AND African countries Filters: Abstract, Free full text, Full text, in the last 10 years 10 05:21:00 Figure 1. Sample of search strategy conducted in April 2023 Process of source selection During the first phase of source selection the review team will remove the duplicates and then will independently screen the titles and abstracts of papers that have been searched. About 15 articles will be piloted and screened by three reviewers who will be functioning independently with Blind On. The agreement level for the piloted articles will be greater than 75 %. Studies which do not meet the inclusion criteria will be excluded (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005). Secondly the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied to screen the full text of the papers. PCC framework recommended by the JBI will be adopted when selecting the studies. If new terms, concepts, and sites of evidence are revealed during the review process, searches will be modified (Peters et al., 2022) Data extraction A draft charting table will be developed and used to extract data using the PCC variables. To answer the review questions, the information in table 2 will be included as listed in JBI manual (Peters et al., 2022) Table 2: Draft charting table for the symphysis fundal height measurement in Africa Developing African countries Author/year of study Topic /Country Population Concept Context Methods Relevant results and findings - The reviewers will pilot the charting template on two or three articles to ensure that the required data is added - The reviewers would ascertain if the data extracted is consistent with the review questions and the inclusion criteria, they will also familiarize themselves with the form. - During data extraction process, the reviewers will revise and modify charting of data - Three reviewers will double check the data independently, and the fourth reviewer will be involved to ensure that the consensus is reached. They will focus on the following data: Author(s), year of publication, country of origin (where the study was published or conducted), aims/purpose of the study, study population if applicable, method ology/methods, intervention, type or duration and key findings that relate to the scoping review question/s (Peters et al., 2022) - If there is additional or missing information required, the reviewers will contact the key authors. Collating, summarizing, and reporting results Figures and tables will be used to chart and present the extracted data. The results will be analysed using a descriptive and narrative analysis. During the narrative analysis, the emerging themes will be identified and interpreted. The reviewers will summarize the findings and report how they will be published. The methodologies used, population and the identified gaps will also be reported, including the methods used to estimate gestational age. Dissemination of data will be done through presentation of results at local conference, and they will be submitted to a relevant journal for publication. Quality appraisal The quality of the articles included will be evaluated by using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 18. Five categories of research will be appraised which are: qualitative and quantitative research, randomised controlled trials, non -randomised control trials, and mixed methods studies (Hong et al., 2018). Three independent reviewers will do the quality appraisal. The reviewers will use percentage scores to grade the quality of evidence. The scores will be interpreted as follows: A) ≤50 % - will be graded as low-quality evidence B) 51-75 % - will be graded as average evidence C) 76-100 %- will represent high quality evidence (Maluleke et al., 2021) Discussion This scoping review will evaluate the evidence in the use of SFH measurement in the estimation of gestational age and monitoring of fetal growth. The reviewers will be looking at the different methods that are used in Africa to estimate the gestational age. To evaluate the quality of articles included in the review, the reviewers will use the MMAT. This review will identify gaps in the plotting of SFH and make relevant recommendations. The report will emphasize the importance of SFH measurement since the SFH graph can assist in the triaging of women at risk. The findings from this scoping review will be useful in the development of curriculum for the student midwives (both theory and clinical) and will also inform the stakeholders when developing the policies. References Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory & Practice, 8, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616 Hong, Q. N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O’Cathain, A., Rousseau, M.-C., Vedel, I., & Pluye, P. (2018). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Education for Information, 34, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-180221 Mabrouk, A., Abubakar, A., Too, E. K., Chongwo, E., & Adetifa, I. M. (2022). A Scoping Review of Preterm Births in Sub-Saharan Africa: Burden, Risk Factors and Outcomes. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(17), 10537. Maluleke, K., Musekiwa, A., Kgarosi, K., Gregor, E. M., Dlangalala, T., Nkambule, S., & Mashamba-Thompson, T. (2021). A Scoping Review of Supply Chain Management Systems for Point of Care Diagnostic Services: Optimising COVID-19 Testing Capacity in Resource-Limited Settings. Diagnostics, 11(12), 2299. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/12/2299 Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x Peters, M., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Khalil, H., Larsen, P., Marnie, C., Pollock, D., Tricco, A., & Munn, Z. (2022). Best practice guidance and reporting items for the development of scoping review protocols. JBI evidence synthesis, Publish Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-21-00242 Peters, M. D. J., Marnie, C., Tricco, A. C., Pollock, D., Munn, Z., Alexander, L., McInerney, P., Godfrey, C. M., & Khalil, H. (2020). Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18(10), 2119-2126. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbies-20-00167 Rada, S., Gamper, J., González, R., Mombo-Ngoma, G., Ouédraogo, S., Kakolwa, M. A., Zoleko-Manego, R., Sevene, E., Kabanywanyi, A. M., Accrombessi, M., Briand, V., Cot, M., Vala, A., Kremsner, P. G., Abdulla, S., Massougbodgi, A., Nhacolo, A., Aponte, J. J., Macete, E., & Menéndez, C. (2018). Concordance of three alternative gestational age assessments for pregnant women from four African countries: A secondary analysis of the MIPPAD trial [Article]. PloS one, 13(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199243 Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., . . . Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med, 169(7), 467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850 Whelan, R., Schaeffer, L., Olson, I., Folger, L. V., Alam, S., Ajaz, N., Ladhani, K., Rosner, B., Wylie, B. J., & Lee, A. C. (2022). Measurement of symphysis fundal height for gestational age estimation in low-to-middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 17(8), e0272718.

Phonological awareness is the ability to correctly recognize and manipulate phonological structures. The role of phonological awareness in reading development has become evident in behavioral research showing that it is inherently tied to measures of phonological processing and reading ability. This has also been shown with ERP research that examined how phonological processing training can benefit reading skills. However, there have not been many attempts to systematically review how phonological awareness itself is developed neurocognitively. In the present review, we screened 224 papers and systematically reviewed 40 papers that have explored phonological awareness and phonological processing using ERP methodology with both typically developing and children with reading problems. This review highlights ERP components that can be used as neurocognitive predictors of early developmental dyslexia and reading disorders in young children. Additionally, we have presented how phonological processing is developed neurocognitively throughout childhood, as well as which phonological tasks can be used to predict the development of phonological awareness prior to developing reading skills. Neurocognitive measures of early phonological processing can serve as supplemental diagnostic sources to behavioral measures of reading abilities because they show different aspects of phonological sensitivity when compared to behavioral measures.

This systematic review is based on preliminary findings collected during an Honors Thesis project by Camille DeMarcus at the University of Arizona. The focus of this project is to expand and refine the data collection from the initial paper. A link to the initial paper will be provided in the protocol.

This is the preregistration of my planned paper "Using SOFTA-o Alliance Activity to Examine Systemic Dimensions of Multiple Alliances in Home-Based Family Treatment". For this paper, I am making use of an existing dataset which details the results of the System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances (SOFTA; Friedlander et al., 2006) which was used to capture observations of alliances occurring in home-based family treatment sessions. The resulting SOFTA-o sheets contain information about the occurrence of alliance behaviors across the four alliance dimensions "Engagement", "Emotional Bond", "Safety in the Therapeutic Context", and "Shared Sense of Purpose", and per family treatment unit (therapist(s) and clients). Thus far, research using SOFTA-o has focused primarily on alliance formation and maintenance by viewing aggregated scores per dimension. Namely, SOFTA-o deduces global scores ranging between -3 and +3 which reveal the strength of the alliance for each of the four SOFTA alliance dimensions per person and session. In contrast, this study explores the non-aggregated information SOFTA-o reveals about the multiple alliances. Instead of viewing the aggregated global scores alone, this study explores the role of what we will call alliance activity. An individual’s activity on the alliance dimension is represented by the amount of alliance behaviors a person has contributed to this dimension throughout the session. In other words, while the global score is determined by aggregating the positive and negative alliance behaviors to quantify the quality and strength of an alliance dimension, the activity on a dimension reveals how many contributions a person has made to the dimension. This distinction between activity and strength of alliance becomes especially interesting when viewing the global scores between -1 and +1. This is due to the fact that the global scores -1, 0, and +1 are given when both positive and negative behaviors have occurred throughout the session which may effectively cancel each other out. A global score of 0 therefore does not reveal how fixated persons have been on forming the alliance dimension, but only that the accumulated efforts resulted in an overall neutral alliance on the dimension. This is where attention to the alliance activity comes in. The goal of this study is to explore the potential added value of this non-aggregated information SOFTA-o provides. By viewing a person's alliance activity in combination with the alliance dimension's strength, it can help individuals assess the effectiveness of their alliance behaviors. For example, a professional may decide to adjust their interventions if the sessions repeatedly result in low global scores despite high activity by the therapist and clients on this same alliance dimension throughout the sessions. It may mean that it is not a lack of attention to the dimensions per se which is causing the unsatisfactory scores, suggesting that a closer look at the individual alliance behaviors and dynamics throughout the sessions may be warranted. This proposed paper will have a strong methodological focus, expanding the range of applicable analyses in SOFTA's repertoire. To the author's knowledge, there is no other paper looking at alliance activity in combination with SOFTA’s global scores in this way. In order to connect our findings to prior research, we will explore the relationship between a person's role in the family treatment unit and their behavior on the alliance dimensions. Prior studies suggest that a person’s role in the FTU may be related to the strength of the person’s alliance, with for example stronger alliances observed between therapists and parents versus with youth (Welmers-van de Poll et al., 2021a; Wong et al., 2022). We are interested to see whether we find this phenomenon repeated in our dataset as well. More specifically, we will use the proposed methodology to analyze the therapist’s and clients’ systemic alliance behaviors in particular. Despite prior research pointing to the systemic dimensions specifically as predictors of therapy outcome (Friedlander et al., 2018), it seems that alliances are still created largely in a dyadic manner rather than with the group as a whole (Welmers-van de Poll et al., 2021b). This is surprising considering that conjoint family treatment aims to tackle the group’s issues systemically by working with the family unit / system versus the individual. A study by Welmers-van de Poll (2021b) points to especially low contributions of the therapist on the systemic alliance dimensions “Safety in the Therapeutic Context” and “Shared Sense of Purpose” in comparison to the dyadic dimensions. This specific study is, to the author’s knowledge, the only SOFTA-related research to use the number of alliance behavior occurrences (alliance activity) rather than the global scores. Furthermore, findings by Benítez et al. (2020) point out an unequal distribution of contributions by therapist and clients to the strength of the systemic alliance dimensions, with higher global scores on “Shared Sense of Purpose” for the clients than the therapist. This is interesting considering that we generally assume the therapist to play a leading role in managing therapy and shaping alliances (Hartmann et al., 2015). We are interested to see whether looking at the alliance activity can help shed further light on these alliance dynamics at hand. The analyses will be performed primarily by the first author, Andrea Bunge. She has thus far briefly viewed the dataset in order to choose appropriate methods for the analyses. No analyses have been performed at the time of this registration. Literature: Benítez, J. L., Abascal, A., Garrido, M., & Escudero, V. (2020). Building an Expanded Therapeutic Alliance: A Task Analysis with Families Trapped in Parental‐Adolescent Conflict. Family Process, 59(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12435 Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., Horvath, A. O., Heatherington, L., Cabero, A., & Martens, M. P. (2006). System for observing family therapy alliances: A tool for research and practice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.2.214 Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., Welmers-van de Poll, M. J., & Heatherington, L. (2018). Meta-analysis of the alliance-outcome relation in couple and family therapy. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.), 55(4), 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000161 Hartmann, A., Joos, A., Orlinsky, D. E., & Zeeck, A. (2015). Accuracy of therapist perceptions of patients’ alliance: Exploring the divergence. Psychotherapy Research, 25(4), 408–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2014.927601 Welmers-van de Poll, M. j., Stams, G. j. j. m., van den Akker, A., & Overbeek, G. (2021a). Alliance discrepancies in home-based family treatment: Occurrence, development and the therapist’s perspective. Journal of Family Therapy, 43(4), 642–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12309 Welmers-van de Poll, M., Stams, G., van den Akker, A., & Overbeek, G. (2021b). Therapists’ Contributions to the Alliance in Home-Based Family Treatment: The Role of Alliance Building Behaviors, Personality, and Clinical Experience. Contemporary Family Therapy, 43, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-021-09597-3 Wong, N. R., Carta, K. E., Weintraub, M. J., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2022). Therapeutic alliance in family therapy and clinical outcomes among adolescents at risk for mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 300, 66–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.088

Background: Timely suicide and self-harm surveillance is crucial to prevention. Impaired registration of suicide and self-harm directly influences knowledge about trends, vulnerability, and the design of suicide prevention and postvention strategies. Most World Health Organization member countries lack good-quality data on suicide and self-harm. Furthermore, most LMCIs countries do not have surveillance systems for suicide or self-harm. Data quality improvement for suicide prevention is one of the Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan (2013-2030) objectives. Aims: To identify the characteristics of suicide and self-harm surveillance systems in healthcare. Methods: Scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) recommendations. This review includes searches in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cinahl, Embase, Lilacs (Scientific health information from Latin-American and Caribbean countries), PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), Scopus e WebScience. In addition, Google Scholar and OpenGrey will be searched for grey literature. Will be included studies exploring suicide and self-harm surveillance systems. Eligibility criteria include papers using qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods with no time or language restrictions. It will be excluded: a) papers regarding euthanasia and assisted suicide; b) papers that do not explicitly describe suicide and self-harm, limiting the comprehension of the study and/or the methodological steps taken by the authors; c) studies that investigate how to notify or report suicide and self-harm in the media or to families and friends. Data will be extracted using the JBI tool and analysed independently by two researchers using content analysis. Results: Results will be presented descriptively according to PRISMa-ScR. Conclusion: Identifying the characteristics of surveillance systems for suicide and self-harm would provide information about the key features of these systems and the gaps for proposing improvements in suicide and self-harm prevention.

Objective: This scoping review aims to summarize the characteristics of blinding assessment in acupuncture RCTs studies and conclude a reference for future acupuncture studies. Methods: Papers will be selceted from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science with the related subject word acupuncture or elecrtoacupuncure from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. Data about blinding assessment will be extracted from the eligible papers, and findings will be presented in graphs. A descriptive qualitative approach to analysis will be conducted to form the scoping review.

Topic: Monitoring external load in soccer/football 1. Review title: Psychometric properties of GPS and MEMS technology to assess neuromuscular activities in football: a methodological systematic review 2. Step of review process: Step -Search strategy (Completed) -Formal screening of titles, abstracts, and full text according to eligibility criteria by two reviewers (Completed) -Third reviewer will be asked to solve disagreement (Completed) -Snowballing process (Not completed) -Full list of include studies (Not completed) -Data extraction (articles) (Not completed) -Risk of bias (quality) assessment by two reviewers (Not completed) -Third reviewer will be asked to solve any disagreement (Not completed) -Results (Not completed) 3. Main contact: Name contact: Christian Di Claudio Named contact University email: c.diclaudio@studenti.uniroma4.it Named contact University address: Università Degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico” Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15 – 00135 Roma Organizational affiliation of the review: -Università Degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy -AS Roma Football Club, Roma, Italy 4. Authors and affiliations: Christian Di Claudio, University of Rome Foro Italico, AS Roma Football Club; Roma, Italy Laura Capranica, University of Rome Foro Italico; Roma, Italy Conte Daniele, University of Rome Foro Italico; Roma, Italy Flavia Guidotti, University of Rome Foro Italico; Roma, Italy Carwyn Sharp, AS Roma Football Club; Roma, Italy Maurizio Fanchini, AS Roma Football Club; Roma, Italy 5. Funding sources/sponsors: None 6. Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts to declare 7. Collaborators: None to declare 8. Review question: How acceleration/deceleration-based metrics (Global navigation satellite system) and inertial measurement units- based metrics (imu) have been validated? Aim: to review the Methodological aspects used to assess validity, reliability and responsiveness (focus on statistical and methodology process) about acceleration/deceleration-based metrics (Global navigation satellite system) and inertial measurement units- based metrics (imu). 9. Searches: Part 1: The following electronic bibliographic databases will be searched: Medline, Web of Science and SPORTSDiscus. Additionally, a manual search of potential articles that satisfy our inclusion criteria will be done through reference list of each included article. Part 2: Literature search "(reliability OR validity OR responsiveness) AND (soccer OR football OR football association) AND (global positiong system* OR gps OR global navigation satellite system OR microtechnology OR wearable OR neuromuscular OR acceleration* OR deceleration* OR mems OR micro-electrical mechanical system OR inertial measurement units OR imu)" Search terms: Construct: acceleration/deceleration-based metrics (Global navigation satellite system) and inertial measurement units- based metrics (imu) Population: soccer* OR football* OR football association* Measurement properties: validity* AND reliability* AND responsiveness* Part 3: To be eligible for inclusion, studies must satisfy the following criteria: (1) to be full-text written in English; (2) to assess the validity and/or reliability and/or responsiveness of wearable microtechnology to quantify high intensity movement or specific actions common to soccer/ football. ‘Validity’ and ‘reliability’ and ‘responsiveness’ were defined using the definitions previously outlined in this review and elsewhere (Scott et al., 2016, Crang et al., 2020, Impellizzeri et al., 2009). In addition, other studies will be include if they examine criterion validity with a gold standard as 3D motion analysis, timing gates, laser, radar, gas analyzer, indirect calorimetry and spirometry. (3) focus on acceleration/deceleration-based metrics (Global navigation satellite system) and on inertial measurement units- based metrics (imu). Studies that will not met the inclusion criteria will excluded form the list . The reference list of all eligible studies will be then manually searched for any studies that will not retrieved in the initial search. If a study will be identified, it will be subjected to the same assessment as previously described. Period search: January 1990- March 2023 Reference guidelines: PRISMA [1] PRISMA P [2], COSMIN [3]. 10. Description of the process: Step 1: title, abstracts and full texts of studies retrieved using the search strategy will be screened independently by two review authors (Christian Di Claudio - Daniele Conte) to identify studies that potentially meet the inclusion criteria outlined above. (from 9/3/2023 to 12/3/2023). Step 2: A third reviewer will be utilized should any disagreement arise over eligibility of particular studies. (from 18/4/2023 to 24/5/2023). Step 3: Afterwards a snowballing process will be done (the citations to the paper to identify additional papers to include). (from 6/6/2023 to XX/XX/XXXX). Step 4: data extraction AND risk of bias assessment (from XX/XX/XXXX to XX/XX/XXXX) 11. Risk of bias (quality) assessment: The COSMIN risk of bias checklist will be used to assess the methodological quality of single studies on measurement properties. Two review authors will independently assess the risk of bias in included studies using the COSMIN [3]. Additionally, in the event of disagreements between review authors a third reviewer will be available. 12. Type and method of review: Systematic review [4] 13. Country: Italy 14. Dissemination plans: The review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journals in the field of Sports science. 15. Keywords: athlete monitoring; soccer; validity; reliability; responsiveness; acceleration/deceleration; inertial measurement unit. 16. Review stage 17. Any additional information: References: 1. Moher, D., et al., Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 2009. 6(7): p. e1000097. 2. Moher, D., et al., Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 2015. 4: p. 1. 3. Mokkink, L.B., et al., The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study. Quality of Life, 2010. 19(4): p. 539-49. 4. Munn, Z., Stern, C., Aromataris, E., Lockwood, C., & Jordan, Z. (2018). What kind of systematic review should I conduct? A proposed typology and guidance for systematic reviewers in the medical and health sciences. BMC medical research methodology, 18(1), 5.

Background Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is an extremely rare soft tissue tumour found at any site of the body. After surgical resection 10 - 30% of patients’ experience recurrence, and in order to predict this multiple risk factors have been suggested. Objective The aim of this study is to identify risk factors and risk stratification models predicting recurrence after surgical resected SFT. Design Online databases were used to create a scoping review. All published papers describing risk factors or risk stratification models for recurrence after resected SFT at any anatomic site of the body were included. Case-reports and minor case-series were excluded. Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane database and clinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched as well as WHO international trial registry platform and results were assessed by two in depended researchers. Results This scoping review will report on which risk factors predict or might predict recurrence after surgical resected SFT, as well as giving insight in the different risk stratification models developed. Our results can guide clinicians in the treatment and follow-up of patients with resected SFT. In addition, our paper may inspire researchers to undertake new projects regarding SFT.

Objective: To identify and map evaluated interventions on continuity of care for adult patients with cancer in hospital settings. Introduction: The care pathway for patients with cancer involves multiple healthcare encounters with healthcare professionals in several hospital settings. A care pathway in hospital settings calls for attention on how to attain continuity of care. Continuity of care is associated with a decline in healthcare utilization, improvements in aspects of quality of life and lower need for supportive care. Considering the importance of continuity of care for patients with cancer in hospital settings, there is a need for an overview of interventions on continuity of care for patients with cancer in hospital settings. Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will consider research studies that evaluate interventions examining continuity of care in outpatient and inpatient hospital settings and includes adult patients (≥ 18 years) with cancer. Interventions initiated by hospital before, during and preceding after hospitalization or at outpatient visit will be included. Research studies that evaluate interventions on continuity of care qualitatively or quantitatively and explicitly include continuity of care in the objective or results of the study will be included. Methods: The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the methodology developed by the JBI and will search the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane Library. Keywords: Cancer; Continuity of Care; Hospitals; Interventions Introduction The number of people surviving cancer is increasing due to advances in diagnostics and treatment (1–3). As a consequence of growing medical knowledge, the care pathway for patients with cancer is increasingly complex because it involves multiple healthcare encounters in hospital settings (4,5). Patients often receive treatment and care by various healthcare professionals, such as specialist surgeons, radiographers, radiologists and cancer care nurses, who are located in different departments and units within hospital settings (2,3,6). A care pathway in and across several departments involving a variety of contacts with multiple healthcare professionals requires knowledge on how to attain continuity of care for patients with cancer in hospital settings. Continuity of care can be challenging to define, and existing definitions overlap with related concepts and terms (7,8). However, the theoretical framework of Haggerty et al. (5) has previously been found useful to explore continuity of care among patients with cancer (3,6,9,10). Therefore, this scoping review adheres to the definition provided by Haggerty et al. (5), in which continuity of care is understood as the extent to which a series of health services are experienced by the patient as connected, coherent and consistent with the patient’s medical needs and personal circumstances (5). The definition describes continuity of care as a multidimensional construct and outlines that three types of continuity exist in all healthcare settings: informational, management and relational continuity (5). Informational continuity is the use and transmission of information between healthcare professionals and events concerning both medical issues and the patient’s preferences, values and context. Management continuity is how the healthcare system coordinates and relates to consistent, coherent management of the health condition as it concerns the delivery of services in a complementary, timely and appropriate manner. Relational continuity describes the ongoing relationship between patient and healthcare professionals and is characterized by the development of trust and predictability (5,11). A systematic review shows that continuity of care is associated with improved patient satisfaction and a decline in hospitalization and emergency visits (12). Furthermore, interventions addressing continuity of care among adults with chronic diseases can significantly improve different aspects of quality of life, including physical function, general health and social function (13). In patients with cancer, continuity of care has been shown to reduce the need for supportive care (2), whereas lack of continuity of care is associated with medical errors medication continuity error, test follow up errors and work-up errors (14). One of the main challenges in cancer care is the lack of continuity in the services needed by patients throughout their trajectory of care (5,10,15). Provision of continuity of care can be impeded by a number of factors, such as challenges in transfer of information, quality of interpersonal relationships and coordination of care (10). Surveillance, teamwork, communication and documentation are of great importance for patients’ experiences of continuity of care (16). Although the importance of continuity of care in cancer care has been acknowledged in previous literature (3,6,15,17). It has also been recognized as difficult to achieve due to fragmentation in care, discontinuity or gaps in care and treatment, and care being provided by different professionals in different settings (11,18). By nature, cancer care is fragmented and characterized by diverse clinical features, treatment phases and outcomes (3). Therefore, there is a need to address how to support continuity of care in patients with cancer by identifying and mapping interventions to improve continuity of care. Studies show that patients with cancer have multiple needs (2,6). Different strategies and interventions have been tested to improve continuity of care in terms of reducing care needs, improving communication, empowerment and patients’ experiences with care for patients with cancer within hospital settings (19–22). The interventions include telephone consultations and teleconsultations (23,24), use of assessment tools (20,25) and the use of patient navigators and pivot-nurses in provider-centered interventions (21,22). The diverse interventions address different types and dimensions of continuity of care (5). Telephone consultations and teleconsultations primarily focus on improving management continuity, provider-centered interventions focus on improving relational continuity, and assessment tool interventions address informational continuity. Thus, the interventions are heterogeneous and address different types of continuity of care for patients with cancer in hospital settings. Therefore, there is a need to provide an overview of the existing interventions and the type of continuity addressed to inspire the future development of interventions and improve continuity of care for patients with cancer in hospital settings. A preliminary search of PROSPERO, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and JBI Evidence Synthesis was conducted in November, 2022, and no current or in-progress scoping reviews or systematic reviews on the topic were identified. Other reviews related to the topic either focus on continuity of care across settings (3,26), exclusively focus on one type of continuity of care (27), or are limited to the effects of one intervention type on continuity of care (15). The Cochrane review of Aubin et al. (28) is the most comprehensive and relevant systematic review. However, the objective of the review is to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve continuity of cancer care in the follow-up period, focusing on the continuity of care after discharging back to primary physician. As such, previous systematic reviews on the continuity of care for patients with cancer have predominantly focused on improving continuity across sectors, mainly between primary care, hospital settings and healthcare providers (3,26). Less research attention has been given to providing an overview of evaluated interventions aimed at improving the continuity of cancer care in and across hospital settings. However, continuity of care within and across hospital settings is essential for patients and can be impeded by numerous factors. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review is to identify, and map evaluated interventions on continuity of care for adult patients with cancer in in- and outpatient hospital settings. Review questions Which interventions on continuity of care have been evaluated in adult patients with cancer in hospital settings? What are the characteristics of the identified interventions (e.g. type of continuity addressed (cf. Haggerty et al. (5), population, hospital setting, length of intervention, healthcare professionals involved)? How have interventions on continuity of care been measured and evaluated? Inclusion criteria Participants This study will consider research studies that include adult patients (≥ 18 years) with any type of cancer. Concept This scoping review will consider research studies that evaluate interventions examining the continuity of care for patients with cancer in hospital settings. Interventions refer to all initiatives, projects, programs, strategies, models, approaches, processes, structures etc.. Research studies that evaluate interventions on continuity of care qualitatively or quantitatively and explicitly include continuity of care in the objective or results of the study will be included. Context This scoping review will consider studies that focus on continuity of care interventions in inpatient and outpatient hospital settings. Interventions initiated by hospital before, during and preceding after hospitalization or at outpatient visit will be included. Research studies that evaluate interventions on continuity of care qualitatively or quantitatively and explicitly include continuity of care in the objective or results of the study will be included. Studies focusing on continuity of care in other health care settings than hospital will be excluded. Types of sources This scoping review will consider primary research studies examining continuity of care in evaluated interventions regardless of study design, which include but are not limited to qualitative, mixed-method, and quantitative study designs. As only evaluated interventions will be eligible, protocols, editorials, viewpoints, letters, and conference proceedings will be excluded. Reference lists of existing reviews that meet the inclusion criteria will be reviewed for eligible studies. Methods The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the methodology developed by the JBI (29) and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist (30). Search strategy The search strategy will aim to locate published primary research studies. An initial search of PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and CINAHL (EBSCO) was undertaken to identify articles on the topic. The text words contained in the titles and abstracts of relevant articles and the index terms used to describe the articles were used to develop a full search strategy for PubMed (National Library of Medicine) (Appendix I: Search strategy), Cochrane Library (John Wiley and Sons), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Embase (Elsevier). Afterwards, a comprehensive full search strategy tailored to each information source will be developed and performed. Search terms and relevant synonyms related to the population, concept, and context of interest will be used to identify relevant articles using database-specific controlled vocabulary terms (e.g., MeSH in PubMed) combined with text words. The full search strategy will include combinations and variations of keywords relating to the participants, concept, and context of interest. Consequently, the keywords hospital, hospitalization, inpatient, and outpatient will be supplemented by keywords covering these alternative hospital settings. References in the studies selected for inclusion will be reviewed for eligible evidence sources. In addition, a cited reference search of the studies selected for inclusion will be conducted. Studies published in English, Danish, Swedish, or Norwegian will be included. The literature does not indicate a certain time when the literature on continuity of care for patients with cancer emerged; hence, no time limits will be applied to the search. Prior to finalizing the scoping review, the search will be rerun in all databases to identify new eligible studies. Source of evidence selection Following the search, all identified citations will be collated and uploaded into Mendeley - Reference Management Software (Elsevier, USA), and the duplicates will be removed. Afterwards, all citations will be uploaded to the Rayyan software to assist the screening process (31). The screening process will be conducted according to the JBI manual (2conceptconconoo9). To ensure consistency across the review team in the study selection process, the reviewers will perform a pilot test by reviewing the same random sample of 25 titles/abstracts using the eligibility criteria and discussing discrepancies and potential modifications of the eligibility criteria. The title/abstracts will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Disagreements between reviewers at the title/abstract screening will not be resolved, as any information source considered eligible by at least one of the reviewers will move forward to full-text screening. The full text of selected citations will be assessed in detail against the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Reasons for exclusion of full-text papers that do not meet the inclusion criteria will be recorded and reported in the scoping review. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers at any stage of the selection process will be resolved through discussion or by a third reviewer. The results of the search will be reported in full in the final scoping review and presented in a PRISMA-ScR flow diagram (30). Data extraction Data will be extracted from papers included in the scoping review by two independent reviewers using a modified version of the JBI data extraction tool (29) (see Appendix II). The extracted data will include specific details about the population, concept, context, methods, and key findings relevant to the review question. The draft data extraction tool will be further modified and revised during the process of extracting data from each included paper. Modifications will be detailed in the full scoping review. Prior to the data extraction phase, the developed extraction form will be pilot tested by two reviewers on at least two included information sources to ensure the consistency and extraction of all relevant data. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. Authors of the papers will be contacted to request missing or additional data when required. Data analysis and presentation The findings of the included sources will be extracted and descriptively mapped. The total number of interventions identified in diverse hospital settings will be presented as frequency counts. To provide a systematic overview of the existing literature, the following characteristics of each of the included studies will be presented in tables: study design; study setting and context; participant characteristics; intervention characteristics; evaluation method; measurement tools; and overall conclusions. Furthermore, for each intervention, we will identify which types of continuity of care are addressed by the intervention: informational, management, or relational continuity (5). A narrative description of the extracted data will be presented alongside the tables. References 1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. 2. King M, Jones L, Richardson A, Murad S, Irving A, Aslett H, et al. The relationship between patients’ experiences of continuity of cancer care and health outcomes: a mixed methods study. Br J Cancer. 2008;98(3):529–36. 3. Aubin M, Giguère A, Martin M, Verreault R, Fitch MI, Kazanjian A, et al. Interventions to improve continuity of care in the follow-up of patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(7):CD007672. 4. De Regge M, De Pourcq K, Meijboom B, Trybou J, Mortier E, Eeckloo K. The role of hospitals in bridging the care continuum: a systematic review of coordination of care and follow-up for adults with chronic conditions. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):550. 5. Haggerty JL, Reid RJ, Freeman GK, Starfield BH, Adair CE, McKendry R. Continuity of care: a multidisciplinary review. BMJ. 2003;327(7425):1219–21. 6. Lafferty J, Rankin F, Duffy C, Kearney P, Doherty E, McMenamin M, et al. Continuity of care for women with breast cancer: a survey of the views and experiences of patients, carers and health care professionals. Eur J Oncol Nurs Off J Eur Oncol Nurs Soc. 2011;15(5):419–27. 7. Holland DE, Harris MR. Discharge planning, transitional care, coordination of care, and continuity of care: Clarifying concepts and terms from the hospital perspective. Home Health Care Serv Q. 2007;26(4):3–19. 8. Uijen AA, Schers HJ, Schellevis FG, Van den bosch WJHM. How unique is continuity of care? A review of continuity and related concepts. Fam Pract. 2012;29(3):264–71. 9. Plate S, Emilsson L, Söderberg M, Brandberg Y, Wärnberg F. High experienced continuity in breast cancer care is associated with high health related quality of life. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1–8. 10. Dumont I, Dumont S, Turgeon J. Continuity of care for advanced cancer patients. J Palliat Care. 2005;21(1):49–56. 11. Reid RJ, Haggerty JL, McKendry R. Defusing the confusion: Concepts and measures of continuity of healthcare. Ottawa; 2002. 12. van Walraven C, Oake N, Jennings A, Forster AJ. The association between continuity of care and outcomes: a systematic and critical review. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010;16(5):947–56. 13. Chen MM, Megwalu UC, Liew J, Sirjani D, Rosenthal EL, Divi V. Regionalization of head and neck cancer surgery may fragment care and impact overall survival. Laryngoscope. 2019;129(6):1413–9. 14. Moore C, Wisnivesky J, Williams S, McGinn T. Medical errors related to discontinuity of care from an inpatient to an outpatient setting. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(8):646–51. 15. Gysels M, Richardson A, Higginson IJ. Does the patient-held record improve continuity and related outcomes in cancer care: a systematic review. Heal Expect. 2007;10(1):75–91. 16. Jones A, Johnstone MJ. Managing gaps in the continuity of nursing care to enhance patient safety. Collegian. 2019;26(1):151-7. 17. Dossett LA, Hudson JN, Morris AM, Lee MC, Roetzheim RG, Fetters MD, et al. The primary care provider (PCP)-cancer specialist relationship: A systematic review and mixed-methods meta-synthesis. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(2):156–69. 18. Cook RI, Render M, Woods DD. Gaps in the continuity of care and progress on patient safety. Br Med J. 2000;320(7237):791–4. 19. King M, Jones L, Nazareth I. Concerns and Continuity in the Care of Cancer Patients and their Carers: A multi-method approach to enlightened management. . Report for National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R&D (NCCSDO). 2006. 20. Velikova G, Keding A, Harley C, Cocks K, Booth L, Smith AB, et al. Patients report improvements in continuity of care when quality of life assessments are used routinely in oncology practice: Secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(13):2381–8. 21. Gabitova G, Burke NJ. Improving healthcare empowerment through breast cancer patient navigation: A mixed methods evaluation in a safety-net setting. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14(1):1–11. 22. McMullen L. Oncology Nurse Navigators and the Continuum of Cancer Care. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2013;29(2):105–17. 23. Beaver K, Williamson S, Chalmers K. Telephone follow-up after treatment for breast cancer: Views and experiences of patients and specialist breast care nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19:2916–24. 24. Hoek PD, Schers HJ, Bronkhorst EM, Vissers KCP, Hasselaar JGJ. The effect of weekly specialist palliative care teleconsultations in patients with advanced cancer -A randomized clinical trial. BMC Med. 2017;15:119. 25. King M, Jones L, McCarthy O, Rogers M, Richardson A, Williams R, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of a complex intervention to improve experienced continuity of care in patients with cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009;100(2):274–80. 26. Tomasone JR, Brouwers MC, Vukmirovic M, Grunfeld E, O’Brien MA, Urquhart R, et al. Interventions to improve care coordination between primary healthcare and oncology care providers: A systematic review. ESMO Open. 2016;1(5). 27. Gagliardi AR, Dobrow MJ, Wright FC. How can we improve cancer care? A review of interprofessional collaboration models and their use in clinical management. Surg Oncol. 2011;20(3):146–54. 28. Aubin M, Giguère A, Martin M, Verreault R, Fitch MI, Kazanjian A, et al. Interventions to improve continuity of care in the follow-up of patients with cancer. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2012;(7):CD0076(7):CD007672. 29. Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil H. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews (2020 version). In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI; 2020. 30. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73. 31. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan - a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210.

the Cognitive Behaviour Therapist (tCBT) is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, online practitioner journal for CBT therapists, supervisors, and trainers. it is managed and published by Cambridge University Press for the British Association for Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapies. It features a range of papers, including practice-focused articles detailing clinical interventions, research reports concerning the practice of cognitive behaviour therapy, case reports, audits relevant to practice, and reviews of clinical scales. The journal also publishes papers with an education, training, or supervision focus, as well as literature reviews directly relevant to CBT practitioners. The first volume of tCBT was published in 2008; the 2022 volume represents the fifteenth. The aim of this review is to track the journal’s development, growth, spread, interest and impact over the first 15 years.

Introduction: The purpose of this systematic mapping review is to chart the characteristics of the epidemiological literature that reports associations between spine concerns and other health conditions. Methods: Papers published in any language in indexed, peer-reviewed journals that include any measure of association between any spine concern and other health condition using an observational epidemiologic study design will be included. Papers about cadaveric or animal studies, without measures of association between spine concerns and other health conditions, about health behaviors, and not of an observational epidemiologic study design will be excluded. PubMed, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection will be searched from inception through the search date. Tables, bar graphs, and heat maps will be used to present the results. Discussion: We will report the total number of included studies. We will report the studies that have evaluated the measures of association between spine concerns and OHCs and the most frequently studied associations between spine concerns and OHCs. Bibliometric properties and characteristics of these papers will be reported.

Fall-2022 Psych-251 reproduction project of Arns et al, 2015, paper on rACC phasic theta as a predictor of treatment outcome in depressed patients. Github link: https://github.com/psych251/arns2015 Original paper citation: Arns, M., Etkin, A., Hegerl, U., Williams, L. M., DeBattista, C., Palmer, D. M., Fitzgerald, P. B., Harris, A., deBeuss, R., & Gordon, E. (2015). Frontal and rostral anterior cingulate (rACC) theta EEG in depression: implications for treatment outcome?. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(8), 1190–1200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.03.007

The aim of this scoping review is to outline the published literature on exercise-based treatment methods used in the rehabilitation of dysphagia secondary to an acquired brain injury across the lifespan. This will be used to identify intervention differences and gaps between adult and paediatric populations and guide discussions with clinicians about what rehabilitative approaches might be applicable for further trials in paediatrics. For the purposes of this study cerebral palsy is included in the definition of acquired brain injury. Methods: Scoping Review: The review will follow the five stages included when conducting a scoping review as outlined by Arksey & O’Malley, 2015 Inclusion Criteria 1. Children and adults of any age. 2. Participants with dysphagia secondary to an acquired brain injury including but not restricted to: Stroke, traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, brain neoplasm, autoimmune disorders. 3. Direct oropharyngeal exercises. These are defined as exercises involving the oropharyngeal musculature with the aim of changing participant swallowing physiology. These include, but are not be restricted to, strength-based exercises (e.g. effortful swallow, Mendelsohn manoeuvre), respiratory coordination exercises (e.g. expiratory muscle strength training), skill-based programmes (e.g. BiSSKiT protocol) 4. Exercise protocols that use external devices as an adjunct to rehabilitation (e.g. biofeedback technology / electrical stimulation / oral appliances). Exclusion Criteria 1. Dysphagia arising from other causes such as head and neck cancers, structural abnormalities, idiopathic myopathies, genetic or inherited conditions. 2. Children with a primary aversive or sensory behavioural feeding difficulties which prevent them from wanting to eat and drink. 3. Interventions involving pharmaceutical management (e.g. Botox); cortical stimulation (e.g. repetitive transcranial stimulation); peripheral stimulation in isolation (e.g. pharyngeal electrical stimulation); surgery or alternative treatments (acupuncture) will not be included in this review. There may be scope for analysing these interventions in a future scoping review. 4. Compensatory strategies which do not involve adaptation of the oro-pharyngeal musculature. For example, the chin tuck manoeuvre or texture / taste modifications. 5. External compensatory equipment 6. Animal studies. Information Sources: The breadth of a scoping review means that multiple data sources can be considered, over and above what would typically be included in a systematic review (30). As a method of ensuring robust data is reviewed, the following inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied to the type of information sources obtained in this review. Inclusion: · Case reports, case series, experimental studies, randomised control trials, observational studies.. Exclusion: · Commentaries, opinion pieces and systematic reviews will be excluded, but their reference lists will be reviewed for appropriate references that fulfil the outlined criteria. · Articles not written or available in English; · Where a full text article cannot be obtained using University access, the 1st author will be contacted. If no copy is made available prior to final analysis, then the paper will be excluded. · Articles will need to report sufficient treatment information including treatment type, dosage and intensity. Articles without sufficient protocol information as outlined will be excluded. · As this review aims to identify recent evidence, papers dated before 2005 will not be included. Databases to be searched Initial searches will be conducted via the following electronic databases: Table 1: Electronic databases Platform Databases EBSCOhost Medline PubMed CINAHL Plus Ovid Online AMED Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews The principal reviewer will hand-search reference lists of included articles and relevant articles will be included. Grey literature identified via social media, open access thesis, conference proceeding abstracts, dissertations or from clinical experts in this field will also be considered if they meet the outlined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Search Strategy: The search strategy has been developed with the Institute of Child Health, University College London librarian. Identified terms will be searched within the medical subject heading (MeSH), followed by a keyword search for each database. Two searches will be run, on each database to ensure no papers including the child population are excluded. Search one includes search terms for level 1, 2, 3 and this search will be repeated with level 4 search terms added. A record of the number of articles found on each database will be made. Table 2: Search strategy levels Level 1: Rehabilitation exp Rehabilitation/ OR Stroke Rehabilitation/ OR rehabilitation.fs OR rehabilitat* Level 2: Dysphagia “Deglutition Disorders/” OR “deglutition disorder*” OR swallow* OR dysphagia Level 3: Brain Injury “Brain Injuries/” OR “Brain Damage, Chronic/” OR “Brain Neoplasms/” OR Stroke/ OR “Cerebral Palsy/” OR infarc* OR embolism OR h?emorrhag* OR aneurysm* OR anoxi* OR hypoxi* OR isch?emi*OR thrombos* OR occlus* OR bleed* OR concuss* OR TBI OR ABI OR OR “brain neoplasm*” OR “brain cancer*” OR “brain tumo?r*” OR “intracranial neoplasm*” OR “cerebral palsy” OR “spastic diplegia” OR stroke OR “cerebrovascular accident*” OR “cerebral vascular accident*” OR “brain vascular accident*” OR CVA Level 4: Paediatric Adolescent/ OR Child/ OR Infant/ OR Pediatrics/ OR Disabled Children/ OR p?ediatric* or child* or infant* or adolescen* OR toddler* OR school* OR schoolchild* OR teen* OR youth* OR “young person*” OR “young people*” OR juvenile* Study Selection The primary reviewer will run the initial searches and export the titles and abstracts into Rayyan QCRI (35). Duplicate copies will be deleted. The reviewer will then screen the title and abstracts of each paper for inclusion or exclusion. Two further reviewers will each check 10 % of these decisions using the Rayyan online software. Reviewers will be blinded to decisions. Conflicts and further questions will be discussed and clarified, and a majority decision will be taken if these conflicts cannot be resolved. A record of decisions will be kept on Rayyan QCRI. If there is a disagreement greater than 20 % then a second reviewer will screen all papers. Data extraction Following initial screening, whole text articles for included articles will be sought. The following data will be extracted from each article and collated by the primary researcher: Title; methodology; participant demographics; baseline aetiology; outcome measures. Details of exercise protocol will also be extracted including type of exercises, dosage, intensity and format. This data will be reviewed and analysed against the outlined inclusion / exclusion criteria by the primary researcher. Two further reviewers will each check 20 % of these decisions. A majority decision will be taken if there is a disagreement between reviewers. If there is a disagreement greater than 20 % then a second reviewer will screen all papers. Rayyan QCRI online software will be used to record the final decisions. Results Data Presentation and Dissemination: Data will be separated into studies involving children under the age of 18 years old and adults 18 years and above. Based on the pilot literature review and experience in clinical practice, it is anticipated that certain sub-groups of treatments will be found. These include: 1. Exercises in isolation targeting the oral / pharyngeal or respiratory systems used in swallowing 2. Exercises combined with biofeedback 3. Exercises used in conjunction with electrical stimulation The number of articles in each area and the type of data source will be presented in written and visual format. Comparison between literature in adult and child populations will then be made and discussed. Although the specific rigor of each paper will not be discussed in detail, information about the level of each review paper (e.g. randomised control trial / case report) will be made. The inclusion criteria and protocol design of each paper will also be analysed in order to determine the possibility of trialing certain methods with a new population. For example, trialing a method used in adult post-stroke dysphagia with children with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Previous research highlights the need for effective lifestyle interventions for men. Hockey Fans in Training (Hockey FIT) was developed as a pragmatic healthy lifestyle program tailored to men with overweight or obesity. This paper overviews the rationale, program details, and design of a recently completed cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Hockey FIT. Participant engagement and baseline characteristics are also described. METHODS: The RCT evaluated the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and implementation of Hockey FIT. Forty-two sites in Canada and the United States were randomized to either the Hockey FIT intervention group or wait-list control group. Participants were men, aged 35-65 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m RESULTS: The design of the cluster RCT incorporates evaluations of participant health outcomes, program implementation, and broader healthcare system impact. In the RCT, 1397 participants were assessed for eligibility and 997 were enrolled. Most participants heard about the program through social media or hockey team emails. Participants averaged 49 years of age, had BMI values of 35.3 kg/m CONCLUSION: The intended audience for Hockey FIT was recruited successfully, however, targeted recruitment to better engage diverse populations is warranted. This paper affords a useful outline for evaluating future lifestyle interventions tailored to men. This trial was registered on August 17, 2018 with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03636282).

COVID-19 proved that primary care (PC) providers have an important role in managing health emergencies, such as epidemics. Little is known about the preparedness of primary care practice infrastructure to continue providing high quality care during this crisis. The aim of this paper is to describe the perceived limitations to the infrastructure of PC practices during COVID-19 and to determine the factors associated with a higher likelihood of infrastructural barriers in providing high quality care. This paper presents the results of an online survey conducted between November 2020 and November 2021 as a part of PRICOV-19 study. Data from 4974 practices in 33 countries regarding perceived limitations and intentions to make future adjustments to practice infrastructure as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic were collected. Approximately 58% of practices experienced limitations to the building or other practice infrastructure to provide high-quality and safe care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in 54% making adjustments to the building or the infrastructure was considered. Large variations between the countries were found. The results show that infrastructure constraints were directly proportional to the size of the practice. Better pandemic infection control equipment, governmental support, and a fee-for-service payment system were found to be associated with a lower perceived need for infrastructural changes. The results of the study indicate the need for systematic support for the development of practice infrastructure in order to provide high-quality, safe primary care in the event of future crises similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Target trial emulation (TTE) is one method to obtain causal evidence by emulating randomized trials using observational data. To our knowledge, even though a few review papers have focused on TTE usage within specific research fields, there has been no paper published that comprehensively summarizes the quality and implementation of TTE in research more generally. This scoping review is to map the implementation of target trial emulation (TTE), including the study design strategies, limitations, and potential solutions.

Study to compile digital mental health resources from the governments of selected countries for a research paper. The broader purpose of this paper aims to identify the trends among different countries existing digital mental health infrastructure and inform future government digital mental health implementations.

Background: The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review on the perceptions and behaviors of vaccine hesitancy in Portugal between 2000 and 2021. The research question that guided this review was: “What is the evidence from available studies on the perceptions and behaviors of vaccine hesitancy in Portugal between 2000 and 2021? Methods: A scoping review was developed. A database search was conducted in April 2021 on Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus for papers published between 2000 and 2021. An additional search on Google Scholar was made to identify other relevant papers to include in this review. Keywords: vaccine (and) refusal (and) Portugal; vaccination (and) refusal (and) Portugal; and vaccine (and) hesitancy (and) Portugal. Inclusion: all qualitative and quantitative studies on the perceptions and experiences on vaccine hesitancy in the Portuguese population (2000 and 2021). Exclusion criteria: clinical trials, grey literature, articles without primary or secondary data and published in other languages excluding Portuguese or English. Results: Fifteen articles were identified for this review. Most of the studies were quantitative (n=13) and only a few were literature reviews (n=2). The articles were published between 2007 and 2021, although the majority dated from 2020 to 2021 (n=10). The studies focused on vaccine hesitancy related to specific diseases (n=6), vaccine hesitancy related to childhood vaccination (n=6), general vaccine hesitancy (n=3). Conclusions: Although vaccine coverage rates in Portugal are generally high, there is still some work to do regarding childhood vaccination and other specific diseases. Furthermore, the studies included in this review revealed several factors related to adherence/nonadherence to vaccination that are important to ensure for successful vaccination in the Portuguese population, mainly through healthcare professionals.

Introduction With few exceptions, Indigenous peoples around the world continue to experience significantly poorer health outcomes than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Given that most Indigenous peoples have a shared, and often traumatic, history of colonisation, accounting for the impacts of colonisation and colonialism is crucial to efforts to understand and address contemporary Indigenous health inequities. But to what extent has this happened? In this paper we undertake an integrative scoping review to critically examine how researchers have theorised and assessed the impact of colonisation on Indigenous health. In so doing we address three specific questions: How is colonisation or colonialism conceptualised in the literature addressing Indigenous health outcomes? What significance is accorded to the role of colonisation as a causative factor? What are the theorised mechanisms that link colonisation to Indigenous health? Methods and Analysis A scoping review will be performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. An electronic search of 9 databases - PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, ProQuest Social Sciences, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, Population Index and CINAHL Complete - will be conducted on literature published between January 1997 and December 2022. Search results will be independently and iteratively screened by title, abstract, and full text by two authors. Eligible literature must be peer-reviewed papers presenting primary research, include an identifiable Indigenous population, be focussed on Indigenous health and/or wellbeing, describe colonialism and/or colonisation as being related to Indigenous health and wellbeing, and have an English language version of the title, abstract and full paper.

Background & Rationale Scientific journals publish scholarly articles and provide an important platform for transparent presentation, exchange, and discussion of new scientific developments. Peer review, though often criticized, plays an integral role in ensuring integrity and quality in this scientific process. Given its importance, it is surprising that the scientific peer review and editorial processes generally remain fully absent in the curricula of advanced academic programs. Indeed, in Publon’s 2018 report on the global state of peer review, 88% of survey respondents indicated that peer review training is important or extremely important for ensuring high quality peer review (Publons and Publons, 2018). Furthermore, a 2016 study of 170,000 researchers conducted by Wiley found that 77% of reviewers expressed interest in receiving further training (Warne, 2016). Nevertheless, many scientists report lacking guidance on how to review a scientific paper (Mulligan, Hall and Raphael, 2013). As a result, the first peer reviews performed by early-career researchers (ECRs) are often conducted in a self-guided, “learning-by-doing” setting, which can jeopardize quality and timeliness. Due to the steadily growing number of articles submitted every day and lack of incentives to peer review, journals report increasing difficulties in finding high-quality reviewers willing to accept review invitations (Heinemann, 2015; Publons and Publons, 2018). This was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic (Kurth et al., 2020). Illustrating a further challenge, a 2020 study found that 12% of reviews included unprofessional comments, while 41% of reviews were incomplete, inaccurate or contained unsubstantiated critiques (Gerwing et al., 2020). Although several peer review training resources are available (EQUATOR network, 2021) it remains unclear to what extent new reviewers use these (largely online) tools and if they are effective. Of the few published studies on the topic, it appears that short duration training (Schroter et al., 2004), receiving written feedback from editors (Callaham, Knopp and Gallagher, 2002), or simply matching new reviewers with experienced ones (Houry, Green and Callaham, 2012; Wong et al., 2017) are of limited value in the attempt to improve quality. To date, we only identified two rather informal efforts to explicitly engage students in peer review. The studies were descriptive in nature, lacked formal assessment, and were small in scope (Xu et al., 2016; Podder et al., 2018). In fact, most published studies describing peer review training interventions lack rigorous evaluation, transparency in reporting, sufficient sample size and hands-on, “real world” application. Project Conceptualization At the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, doctoral students increasingly pursue cumulative, publication-based dissertation projects instead of monographs, while generally having little or no prior publication experience. Unsurprisingly, these students seek coursework that goes beyond basic scientific writing and introductions to statistics. They seek exposure to best practices in modern study design and data analysis strategies employed in cutting-edge biomedical research. To address all the aforementioned gaps and engage students in a meaningful, hands-on way, we created an elective course for students in the Health Data Sciences (HDS) PhD Program in 2019: https://iph.charite.de/en/academic_programs/phd_in_health_data_sciences/peerspectives/ The basic structure was a series of four interactive lectures with take-home assignments followed by four hands-on workshops. In the workshops, groups of four students were paired with a mentor with journal editing experience (workshop leaders) to produce four peer review reports for manuscripts that were currently under consideration at a journal partner (see the “Intervention” section for details). Our pilot study of Peerspectives with four participants indicated it provided relevant training and was well-received by the students, editor-mentors, and partner journal’s staff. As a next step, after increasing the program’s capacity to accommodate larger groups over several semesters, we seek to gain insights into the effectiveness of the program. Setting and participants Following a pilot in summer of 2019, we began offering Peerspectives as a recurring semester-long elective course at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Germany). The course was led by instructors affiliated with the Health Data Sciences PhD program and students could earn 4 credits towards their studies upon successful completion. In the first semester run of the course (October 2020 - March 2021), due to limited capacity and high demand spots in the course were initially offered to doctoral students enrolled in the Health Data Sciences PhD program and remaining spots were then made available to other doctoral students in the biomedical sciences both at the Charité and other national and international institutions through an application process. Interested students were asked to provide details about prior training in epidemiology and (bio)statistics as well as to detail their motivation to participate, which were used for participant selection. Students not selected were encouraged to re-apply for future runs of the course. In the second, third, and fourth runs of the course (April 2021 - August 2021, October 2021 - March 2022, and April 2022 to August 2022), recent post-docs as well as Master’s students in higher semesters, nearing completion of their graduate programs, were also invited to apply for the course. During these recruitment periods, we also advertised the course more intensively outside of our institution in a targeted effort to reach interested students from international universities and those with more diverse academic backgrounds (e.g. fields adjacent to the health data sciences). Course instructors, coordinators, former students, and workshop leaders were encouraged to help spread the word in their networks and on social media. The maximum course capacity was contingent on the number of available workshop leaders each semester. In the four runs of the course, we enrolled approximately 20 students per semester. Once the students were offered a spot in the Peerspectives course, they were asked whether they were interested in participating in the scientific evaluation study (see next section). Recruitment/Enrollment All students who were selected to take part in the Peerspectives course were asked whether they would like to participate in our scientific evaluation study. If so, they were asked to provide written informed consent after reviewing the detailed, written participant information materials. Students were informed that their choice to participate in the scientific study would in no way influence their ability to successfully pass the course and receive the 4 credit points. During the course, neither instructors nor workshop leaders were aware whether a student in the course was participating in the evaluation study. We continued enrollment until the minimum sample size target was exceeded (see below). Ethical Considerations The evaluation study of Peerspectives received approval from the ethics committee of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin on 17.11.2020 (EA4/190/20). Intervention The semester-long Peerspectives course provides peer review training in a hybrid structure. Due to the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic and to accommodate interested students outside of Berlin, all runs of the course (after the pilot) were held fully online via Zoom. The first half of the course consists of four interactive lectures of 180 minutes led by faculty of the Health Data Sciences PhD Program at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin focused on (1) the role of scientific journals, editors, peer reviewers, and authors in scientific publishing; (2) sex and gender related aspects in peer review, ethical guidelines for peer review, and open science; (3) the conduct of peer review, including step-by-step guidance on how to write a constructive peer review report; and (4) a live demonstration of drafting a peer review report for a “real” scientific manuscript currently under review at the partner journal. Following each lecture, students are given a reflection assignment to be completed and submitted before discussing as a large group at the start of the next session. In the second half of the course, students work together in assigned, small groups to produce a peer-review report for each of the four “live” manuscripts provided by the partnering scientific journal. For every workshop group, four course participants are paired with one workshop leader who has prior peer-review and editing experience for a scientific journal (“editor-mentor”). These editor-mentors are recruited from a growing personal network of the course creators; they participate on a voluntary basis without remuneration; and, they are in no way involved in handling of or decision-making regarding the manuscripts under review at the partner journal level. Prior to each workshop meeting, the students draft the peer review report together, with a different student taking the lead organizational role each week. The draft report is then discussed and revised together with the workshop leader in a 180-minute workshop meeting. Once all workshop group members and the workshop leader approve the final review report, it is submitted to the journal by the workshop leader also on behalf of the trainee group (crediting all group members by name). Upon receipt of the journal’s decision on the paper, the workshop leader disseminates comments from the editors and other peer reviewers to all workshop group members and the group has a chance to discuss these together. Attendance at all lectures and workshops, as well as submission of homework assignments, and active participation in the workshops is required to receive course credit. In extenuating circumstances, make-up assignments are provided to compensate for missed sessions. When not possible, only a certificate of attendance (without credit points) is issued. Assessments and procedures All course participants, regardless of whether they were also participants in the evaluation study, were required to sign a confidentiality agreement with the partnering journal developed for the purposes of Peerspectives, since the manuscripts used in the course are “live” and contemporaneously under review at the partnering journal. In addition to providing written informed consent, all evaluation study participants were further asked to provide information about their age, gender, educational background and prior methods training, and any prior reviewing experience on a short questionnaire. Before starting the course, all study participants are asked to complete an online pre-course survey to self-assess their own levels of knowledge and relevant skills. The same 8-question survey is administered again after the conclusion of the course, with additional room for students to provide feedback about the course to the instructors. To assess the effectiveness of the Peerspectives course as part of a semester of doctoral studies, we will evaluate the program using a pre-/post-assessment comparison. For this purpose, all study participants are requested to draft a peer review report of a manuscript on their own once before (“pre-course assessment”) and once after completing the course (“post-course assessment”) under simulated real-world conditions. Accordingly, participants are told that they may use any resources available to them (“open-book”); however, they are explicitly instructed to work on these review reports alone and not in consultation with others. To mimic real-world peer review conditions, participants are given two weeks to complete the assessment task. Reminders are sent to any participants who had not yet submitted their reports one week before the deadline, one day before the deadline, and on the day of the deadline (to simulate a real-world reviewing experience). Participants may request a one-week extension of the deadline, in which case, they are again sent reminders at the same intervals leading up to the new, extended deadline. In cases of non-responding participants, to mimic the chasing mechanisms for unfinished peer reviews used by many journal’s manuscript submission management systems, up to three additional reminders are sent until the peer review report is received. Following the conclusion of a sufficient number of runs of the course to reach the sample size needed for the scientific evaluation, all submitted pre- and post- course assessments will be sent to trained assessors (experienced editors at a partnering scientific journal) under a pseudonym and scored using the validated Review Quality Instrument (RQI), version 3.2 (van Rooyen, Black and Godlee, 1999). References: Callaham, M.L., Knopp, R.K. and Gallagher, E.J. (2002) ‘Effect of written feedback by editors on quality of reviews: two randomized trials’, JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 287(21), pp. 2781–2783. EQUATOR network (2021) Peer review training and resources. Available at: https://www.equator-network.org/toolkits/peer-reviewing-research/peer-review-training-and-resources/#PRTraining (Accessed: 4 March 2021). Gerwing, T.G. et al. (2020) ‘Quantifying professionalism in peer review’, Research integrity and peer review, 5, p. 9. Heinemann, L. (2015) ‘Reviewer: an endangered species?!’, Journal of diabetes science and technology, 9(2), pp. 167–168. Houry, D., Green, S. and Callaham, M. (2012) ‘Does mentoring new peer reviewers improve review quality? A randomized trial’, BMC medical education, 12, p. 83. Kurth, T. et al. (2020) ‘Parallel pandemic: The crush of covid-19 publications tests the capacity of scientific publishing’, BMJ [Preprint]. Mulligan, A., Hall, L. and Raphael, E. (2013) ‘Peer review in a changing world: An international study measuring the attitudes of researchers’, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology , 64(1), pp. 132–161. Podder, V. et al. (2018) ‘Collective Conversational Peer Review of Journal Submission: A Tool to Integrate Medical Education and Practice’, Annals of neurosciences, 25(2), pp. 112–119. Publons and Publons (2018) ‘Publons’ Global State Of Peer Review 2018’. doi:10.14322/publons.gspr2018. van Rooyen, S. et al. (1999) ‘Effect of open peer review on quality of reviews and on reviewers’ recommendations: a randomised trial’, BMJ , 318(7175), pp. 23–27. van Rooyen, S., Black, N. and Godlee, F. (1999) ‘Development of the review quality instrument (RQI) for assessing peer reviews of manuscripts’, Journal of clinical epidemiology, 52(7), pp. 625–629. Schroter, S. et al. (2004) ‘Effects of training on quality of peer review: randomised controlled trial’, BMJ, p. 673. doi:10.1136/bmj.38023.700775.ae. Warne, V. (2016) ‘Rewarding reviewers - sense or sensibility? A Wiley study explained’, Learned Publishing, pp. 41–50. doi:10.1002/leap.1002. Wong, V.S.S. et al. (2017) ‘Mentored peer review of standardized manuscripts as a teaching tool for residents: a pilot randomized controlled multi-center study’, Research Integrity and Peer Review. doi:10.1186/s41073-017-0032-0. Xu, J. et al. (2016) ‘Mentored peer reviewing for PhD faculty and students’, Nurse education today, 37, pp. 1–2.

Physical activity in adult users of inpatient mental health services: a scoping review Authors Garry Tew1 Emily Peckham2 Suzy Ker3 Jo Smith3 Philip Hodgson1, 3 Sarah Daniel3 1. York St John University 2. University of York 3. Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust Abstract Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to physical activity in adult users of inpatient mental health services. Introduction: People with severe mental ill health (SMI) engage in considerably less exercise and physical activity than their counterparts in the general population. People with SMI also experience a premature mortality of around 10–20 years. A large proportion of these premature deaths are attributed to potentially modifiable behaviours, including physical activity. The inpatient environment provides an opportunity to support people with SMI to become more physically active, however there is limited evidence on what interventions are most successful, and under what circumstances. This scoping review will help us to understand the extent and type of evidence in this area and identify research gaps. Inclusion criteria: We will include studies pertaining to physical activity in adult users of inpatient mental health services that were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Reviews and meta-analyses will be excluded from data analysis, as will papers focusing on eating disorder populations. Methods: We will search MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ASSIA and Web of Science databases and forward and backward citations for studies published in English since January 2007. Search terms will relate to psychiatric inpatients and physical activity. Record screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. We will extract data on study design, participant characteristics, intervention and control conditions, and key findings. We will use a descriptive analytical approach with results being presented in tables and figures. Keywords Exercise; Physical activity; Psychiatric inpatients; Severe mental illness Introduction People with severe mental ill health (SMI) engage in considerably less exercise and physical activity than their counterparts in the general population. People with SMI also experience a premature mortality of around 10–20 years [1-3]. A large proportion of these premature deaths are attributed to potentially modifiable behaviours, including physical activity [4]. The inpatient environment provides an opportunity to support people with SMI to become more physically active, however there is limited evidence on what interventions work and under what circumstances. This scoping review will help us to understand the extent and type of evidence in this area and identify research gaps. Preliminary searches of MEDLINE and PROSPERO identified a published scoping review on physical activity in secure settings that was published in 2019 [5] and an ongoing systematic review on the efficacy of exercise interventions in inpatient mental health settings [6]. The current review has a broader remit than these existing reviews both in terms of the inpatient environment (e.g., not limited to secure psychiatric settings) and the aspects of physical activity considered (e.g., not limited to exploring efficacy of interventions). The overarching objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to physical activity in adult users of inpatient mental health services. Review questions 1. What are the characteristics and findings of studies of physical activity interventions for this population? 2. What physical activity support is offered to people after they have been discharged from the inpatient setting (up to 6 months post-discharge)? 3. What are the determinants of physical activity in adult users of inpatient mental health services? Eligibility criteria Participants/context We will include studies pertaining to adult (≥18 years) users of inpatient mental health services. This would include both studies where psychiatric inpatients are the participants and studies where other stakeholders are involved (e.g., healthcare professionals giving their views regarding services for psychiatric inpatients). Studies focusing on learning disability populations will be included whereas those focusing on eating disorder populations will be excluded. There will be no limits on the country of origin. Concept The phenomenon of interest is physical activity. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles and requiring energy expenditure [7]. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is defined as any structured and repetitive physical activity that has an objective of improving or maintaining physical fitness [7]. We will include studies that address the aforementioned review questions and will take a broad view of physical activity, including studies that have focused on supervised exercise or promotion of self-managed physical activity. We will exclude studies on physical activity that do not relate to the review questions. Types of Sources This scoping review will consider both experimental and quasi-experimental study designs including randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials, before and after studies and interrupted time-series studies. In addition, analytical observational studies including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies and analytical cross-sectional studies will be considered for inclusion. This review will also consider descriptive observational study designs including case series, individual case reports and descriptive cross-sectional studies for inclusion. Qualitative studies will also be considered that focus on qualitative data including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, qualitative description, action research and feminist research. Review articles and meta-analyses will be used to identify primary studies, but will be excluded from data analysis. Conference abstracts and opinion papers will be excluded. Methods The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews [8]. Search strategy The search strategy will aim to locate published studies only. An initial limited search of MEDLINE was undertaken to identify articles on the topic. The text words contained in the titles and abstracts of relevant articles, and the index terms used to describe the articles were used to develop a full search strategy for MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ASSIA and Web of Science databases (Appendix 1). The search strategy, including all identified keywords and index terms, will be adapted for each included database and/or information source. The reference list of all included sources of evidence, as well as that of any review articles or meta-analyses, will be screened for additional studies. We will also do forward citation tracking of included studies using Google Scholar. We will only include studies that were published in English language and from 2007 onwards. The latter relates to amendments in the 1983 Mental Health Act that were made in 2007; studies before this time may have used different clinical practices and patient populations. Study/Source of Evidence selection Following the search, all identified citations will be collated and uploaded into Rayyan [9] and duplicates removed. Following a pilot test, titles and abstracts will then be screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria for the review. Potentially relevant sources will be retrieved in full and assessed in detail against the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Reasons for exclusion of sources of evidence at full text that do not meet the inclusion criteria will be recorded and reported in the scoping review. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers at each stage of the selection process will be resolved through discussion, or with an additional reviewer/s. The results of the search and the study inclusion process will be reported in full in the final scoping review and presented in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) flow diagram [10]. Data Extraction Data will be extracted from papers included in the scoping review by two or more independent reviewers using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers. The data extracted will include specific details about the participants, concept, context, study methods and key findings relevant to the review questions. A draft data extraction tool [11] will be modified and revised as necessary during the process of extracting data from each included evidence source. Modifications will be detailed in the scoping review. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion, or with an additional reviewer. If appropriate, authors of papers will be contacted to request missing or additional data, where required. Data Analysis and Presentation A descriptive analytical approach will be used to summarise the contextual, process and outcome related data from the included studies. The aim will be to map the key concepts and available evidence, summarise existing research findings, and identify gaps in the literature. The analysis will be reported in accordance with the SWiM guideline [12], with data presented in tables and figures where appropriate. Funding This review is supported by a Research Capability grant from Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust and UK Research and Innovation (reference ES/S004459/1). Any views expressed here are those of the project investigators and do not necessarily represent the views of UK Research and Innovation. Conflicts of interest There is no conflict of interest in this project. References [1] Chesney E, Goodwin GM, Fazel S. Risks of all‐cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta‐review. World psychiatry. 2014 Jun;13(2):153-60. [2] Walker ER, McGee RE, Druss BG. Mortality in mental disorders and global disease burden implications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry. 2015 Apr 1;72(4):334-41. [3] Brown S, Kim M, Mitchell C, Inskip H. Twenty-five year mortality of a community cohort with schizophrenia. The British journal of psychiatry. 2010 Feb;196(2):116-21. [4] Royal College of Psychiatrists. Working Group for Improving the Physical Health of People with SMI (2016) Improving the physical health of adults with severe mental illness: essential actions (OP100). London: Royal College of Psychiatrists. Available at: https://www.aomrc.org.uk/reports-guidance/improving-physical-health-adults-severe-mental-illness-essential-actions/. [5] Rogers E, Kinnafick FE, Papathomas A. Physical activity in secure settings: a scoping review of methods, theory and practise. Mental Health and Physical Activity. 2019 Mar 1;16:80-95. [6] Martland R, Stubbs B, Firth J, Vancampfort D. The efficacy of exercise interventions in inpatient mental health settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020183359 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020183359 [7] Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public health reports. 1985 Mar;100(2):126. [8] Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil, H. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews (2020 version). In: Aromataris E, Munn Z (Editors). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI, 2020. Available from https://synthesismanual.jbi.global https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-12 [9] Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan — a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews (2016) 5:210, DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4. [10] Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Moher D, Peters MD, Horsley T, Weeks L, Hempel S. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Annals of internal medicine. 2018 Oct 2;169(7):467-73. [11] JBI template source of evidence details, characteristics and results extraction instrument. https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/space/MANUAL/4687579 Accessed 20 Sept 2022. [12] Campbell M, McKenzie JE, Sowden A, Katikireddi SV, Brennan SE, Ellis S, Hartmann-Boyce J, Ryan R, Shepperd S, Thomas J, Welch V. Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline. bmj. 2020 Jan 16;368. Appendices Appendix 1: Search strategy Mental health terms: title and abstract (Mental health or Mental well-being or Mental well being or Psychological well being or Psychological well-being or Mental disorder* or Mental illness* or Mental disease* or Anxiety disorder* or Delirium or Dissociative disorder* or Factitious disorder* or Mood disorder* or Affective disorder* or Depressive disorder* or Neurotic disorder* or Personality disorder* or Schizophreni* or Somatoform disorder* or Adjustment disorder* or Neuros?s or Psychos?s or Delusion* or Paranoia or Hallucination* or Depression or Panic disorder* or Phobia* or Health anxiet* or Bipolar disorder* or Obsessive compulsive disorder* or Obsessive thought* or Intrusive thought* or Post traumatic stress disorder* or Post-traumatic stress disorder* Inpatient setting terms: title and abstract (Hospital* or Acute care or Secondary care or Tertiary care or Low secure or Medium secure or High secure or Secure facilit* or Forensic* or Inpatient* or Triage or (Acute hospitals or Mental health hospitals or hospitals) or Inpatients or Unit* or Ward*)) Physical activity terms: title and abstract Exercis* or exercise or “physical exertion” or “physical fitness” or jog* or (physical* adj3 (activ* or fit*)) or Aerobics or swim* or gym* or sport* or workout or skip* or calisthenics or e-Exercise or Bicyc* or Cycling or Parkrun or Couch to 5k or Danc* Limits: - Date: 2007 onwards - English language only

The condition/domain to be studied will be: defective dental restorations in anterior primary teeth. The participants/population to be included in this review will be children who have restorative treatment in anterior deciduous teeth. Inclusion criteria will be: (1) Management strategy for anterior deciduous teeth, (2) Clinical success data. Exclusion criteria: (1) Not reporting success data, (2) Special groups, (3) Drug sedation, nitrous oxide sedation or general anesthesia, (4) Enamel defect. As intervention all types of materials and treatments will be considered. The comparator(s)/control(s) considered will also be all types of materials and treatment. Types of study to be included will be: prospective or retrospective studies that have restoration survival data. The data considered will be the success rate of restorative treatments. As measures of effect we will adopt the cumulative survival rate (Proportion and CI 95%) Data extraction (selection and coding). In order to retrieve all relevant papers, two reviewers will examine the reference lists of included papers and related reviews. The same reviewers will independently evaluate the identified publications and select studies for inclusion by title and abstracts based on the inclusion criteria. Any discrepancies in opinion will be resolved by a third reviewer. The same two reviewers will independently collect data from eligible studies. Risk of bias (quality) assessment. The assessment of quality and potential risks of bias in the included studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's ROB for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-randomized clinical trials. Strategy for data synthesis. Synthesize the success rate in different settings using a single meta-analysis. Subgroup or subset analysis. Depending on the heterogeneity between studies, subgroup analysis can be performed on: (1) Endodontically treated teeth (2) Caries or Dental Trauma (3) Type of material (4) Operator (dentist or student/therapist) (5) Setting (clinical or field) (6) Moisture control method (cotton roll, saliva ejector or rubber dam) Study design: systematic review In the future, it is intended to publish the results of this systematic review in English-language pediatric dentistry journals.

A scoping review of published papers to describe the methods used to measure the duration of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and their reliability. The search for relevant studies will be conducted with assistance of a library clinical research specialist. Selection of relevant papers, screening and data charting will be conducted by two independent reviewers to minimise selection bias. We will search the following databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, African Index Medicus (AIM) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). Trials registries were searched for relevant papers and these were included; clinicaltrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) Registry. We will also search medrxiv and OpenGrey libraries for relevant unpublished studies. Eligibility Criteria Original research publications, conference abstracts, trial protocols, guidelines, position statements and grey literature with no restrictions to language or timeframe of publication were included. Below is the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included publications; 1. Referring to KMC duration or KMC monitoring/measuring/adherence in the methods or results 2. Related to babies born preterm OR with low birthweight infants (

1. Title Strength and conditioning research in women’s football: a scoping review 2. Authors Francesco Aiello, Gordon Dunlop, Katrine Okholm Kryger, Sophia Nimphius, Alan McCall 3. Description Research on women’s football (soccer) is limited and may be lagging behind the rapidly increasing global interest and development of the women’s side of the sport which has occurred over the past decade. As a result, limited research is currently available in comparison to the men counterparts. This scoping review aims to identify and map peer reviewed publications presenting data on women’s football research. The search will focus on research pertaining strength and conditioning training of women’s football players. 4. Anticipated or actual start date 25/07/2022 5. Stage of review at time of this submission. Started Completed Preliminary pilot searches ✔ ✔ Piloting of the study selection process ✔ ✔ Formal screening of search results against eligibility criteria ✔ X Data extraction X X Data analysis X X 6. Named contact. Francesco Aiello. 7. Named contact email. F_Aiello@outlook.com 8.Named contact address. School of Applied Science, 9 Sighthill Ct, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK. 9.Named contact phone number. None. 10. Organisational affiliation of the review. Arsenal Football Club, Edinburgh Napier University, St Mary’s University, Edith Cowan University 11. Review team members and their organisational affiliations. Francesco Aiello, Edinburgh Napier University, UK. F_Aiello@outlook.com Gordon Dunlop, Edinburgh Napier University, UK. G.dunlop@napier.ac.uk Dr Alan McCall, Edinburgh Napier University, UK and Arsenal Performance & Research Team, Arsenal FC, UK. Amccall@arsenal.co.uk Dr Katrine Okholm Kryger, Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary’s University, UK. Katrine.Kryger@stmarys.ac.uk Prof. Sophia Nimphius, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Australia. S.nimphius@ecu.edu.au 12. Funding sources/sponsors. None 13. Conflicts of interest. None 14.Collaborators. None to declare 15. Review question. What is the extent of the literature available on strength and conditioning training in women’s football? 16. Searches. This review will follow up from a larger scoping review performed on all literature published on all aspects of women’s football (Okholm Kryger et al., 2021). Therefore, the same search strategy used in the larger scoping review will be followed. Databases searched: Pubmed (which includes MEDLINE), PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus. Search terms: (football OR soccer) AND (female* OR woman OR women OR ladies OR lady). Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Language: English, French, German, Spanish No sex mentioned Original peer reviewed articles Mixed-sex football All levels of playing Outcome merged with men’s results All years of publication Women in men’s football All original study types Non-organised football (e.g., physical education, playground football) Non-association football (e.g., American football, futsal, beach football) 17.URL to search strategy. None. 18. Condition or domain being studied. Women’s football. 19. Participants/population. Inclusion: Women football players, any level. Exclusion: Women playing in non-association football (e.g., American football, futsal). Allmen. 20. Intervention(s), exposure(s). Practical application of sports science to test or enhance movement quality and physical performance. 21. Comparator(s)/control. Not applicable. 22. Types of study to be included. Included: - Research designs: all Excluded: - Reviews - Meta-analysis - Opinion pieces - Reports with abstract only 23.Context. Studies in women’s football settings. 24. Main outcome(s). Improvement of physical qualities (e.g., speed, strength) 25. Additional outcome(s). Not applicable. 26. Data extraction. The following data will be retrieved from each eligible study: 1. Authors 2. Year 3. Journal 4. Location 5. Study design 6. Number of subjects 7. Participant details (e.g., age, playing level) 8. Number of seasons analysed 9. Aim of the study 10. Physical quality targeted More items may be added during the course of the review. 27. Risk of bias (quality) assessment. N/A 28. Strategy for data synthesis. A thematic analysis will be carried out on the included study papers post-screening to identify theme of research. Descriptive statistics will be performed to present: - Papers published per year (subcategorised by level and study design) - Evidence based policing matrix (EBPM) mapping will be applied to assess how many studies are published within each theme. These will be subcategorised using year of publication, participant information, and study design. 29. Analysis of subgroups or subsets. Described above. 30. Type and method of review. Scoping review. 31.Language. English. 32. Country. UK. 33.Other registration details. None. 34.Reference and/or URL for published protocol. None. 35.Dissemination plans. This review will be submitted to a leading journal in the field of sports science. 36.Keywords. Soccer, female, speed, power, endurance. 37.Details of any existing review of the same topic by the same authors. A larger scoping review has been published on the topic by some of the authors of this scoping review: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24733938.2020.1868560. 38. Current review status. Planning. 39.Any additional information. The review will be conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Repository for Additional Files and Reporting Checklist for paper entitled "The art and science of achieving zero COVID-19 transmissions in staff at a large community care facility in Singapore using implementation science: a retrospective analysis" Once published, the DOI to the paper will be deposited here as well. Authors: Weien Chow, MRCP*(1), Elaine Lum, PhD*(2), Arif Tyebally, MRCPCH (UK)(3), Sze Ling Chan, PhD(2,4), Lai Chee Lee, MPH(5), Moi Lin Ling, FRCPA(5), Hiang Khoon Tan, FRCS†(5), Nigel CK Tan, FRCP (Edin)†(6). *Joint-First authors †Joint-Senior authors Affiliations: 1. Changi General Hospital, SingHealth, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889 2. Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857 3. KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, SingHealth, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899 4. Health Services Research Centre, SingHealth, Academia Building, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856 5. Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth, Outram Road, Singapore 169608 6. National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433

Objective: The objective of this review is to investigate the rationale behind the selection of health indicators in COVID-19 Dashboards or toolkits in literature, and, if applicable, the evidence bases for it. Introduction: By the end of 2019, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 had been detected. The virus moved rapidly across the globe, and a few months later, it was declared a global pandemic by the WHO. In response to the pandemic, novel and contemporary solutions were needed to monitor and manage the situation. In a digitalized world with increased access to open-source web-based software, it was natural that many interactive online dashboards were developed. Inclusion criteria: We created specific inclusion and exclusion criteria for pandemic dashboards or toolkits. We only include papers that look at the developing perspective of dashboards. Moreover, the included dashboards have to be in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We chose a scoping review method as it aims to outline different types of evidence on the area of interest, and to close the gaps for further research. Following the JBI methodology guidance, the search will be conducted as an iterative process. Search strategies are designed and conducted by an experienced information specialist. Data will be extracted from papers included in the scoping review by one reviewer using a data extraction excel sheet developed by the reviewers. Results: The extracted data will include specific details about the participants, concept, context, study methods, and key findings relevant to our review question, and will be presented in charted diagrams. We believe that our review will provide the fundamental base for the creation of a comprehensive conceptual model, which guides an ideal way of dashboard development. Introduction: In December 2019, a local outbreak of the now known as SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Wuhan (Hubei, China). Consequently, the virus spread across the whole world. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak associated with SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic (Cucinotta & Vanelli, 2020). This quickly unfolding situation required public health experts, epidemiologists, and decision-makers around the globe to react quickly to the arising challenges. In order to make decisions, stakeholders and public health decision-makers required the necessary data. In a digitalized world with increased access to open-source web-based software, it was natural that many interactive online dashboards were developed (Nuti, Noto, Vola, & Vainieri, 2018). Dashboards could be defined as interactive information delivery platforms, in which you can have a summarised visual overview of the most valuable information on one single screen. As a result, decision-makers would be able to measure, monitor, and manage the situation more efficiently (Ghazisaeidi et al., 2015). The John Hopkins dashboard, first made public on the 22nd of January 2020, is a prominent example of widely used COVID-19 dashboards (Dong, Du, & Gardner, 2020). Since then, many dashboards have been identified. A recent study aimed to explore the characteristics of public web-based COVID-19 dashboards has assessed 154 COVID-19 dashboards (Ivankovic et al., 2021). Using a qualitative research approach, focus group interviews were conducted with a sample of hospital managers and hospital staff to identify the faced challenges to develop Dutch hospital dashboards phases (Weggelaar-Jansen, Broekharst, & de Bruijne, 2018). The study found a common development process for quality and safety hospital dashboards with five unique phases. The settings and the purpose of the study dashboards vary from the COVID-19 pandemic dashboards that are widely used at the moment. Another review was carried out with the aim of identifying key practical issues that need to be addressed for developing performance dashboards in the healthcare sector (Ghazisaeidi et al., 2015). This review implies some of the main steps to develop dashboards for the purpose of performance management. Again, the healthcare settings differ from the public health settings, thus it is not ideal to generalize developing frameworks of healthcare dashboards to the public health pandemic-related dashboards. A recent article focused on the analytical and mathematical aspects of developing an online COVID-19 dashboard and the modeling process was described in equations and visualized in figures. Authors criticized the World Health Organisation (https://covid19.who.int/) and the John Hopkins (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html) online dashboards for lacking important information and interactive analysis (Florez & Singh, 2020). The paper described the development process but skipped the rationale behind the selection of the health parameters in their dashboard. Preliminary research for reviews, which describe in detail how the dashboard parameters were chosen, was done. On PubMed, a Canadian scoping review with the objectives of identifying the scope of the use of visual analytic methods and summarising methodological tools, techniques, and frameworks from peer-reviewed literature, was conducted (Chishtie et al., 2020). The review did not look at how the parameters themselves were chosen. Rather, it examined the analytical side of the visualized web tools. The analysis of charts is one step ahead of our review question. We investigate the selection process itself, and the rationale behind the choice of certain parameters, if reported. Searching on the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and JBI Evidence Synthesis did not yield reviews that specifically looked into the selection process of health indicators in COVID-19 dashboards. On the other hand, an observational descriptive assessment with Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used by Ivanković et. al to describe the purpose of the covid-19 dashboards. The study used a pragmatic approach, in which various indicators would be listed and discussed. The study did not justify why each of the indicators was chosen in the relevant dashboards. Rather, the purpose of use of the dashboard and the intended audience were shown, which still overlooks other aspects of the selection process of dashboards indicators. (Ivankovic et al., 2021). Moreover, a Conceptual Model for Geo-Online exploratory data visualization was developed. It was developed specifically for the communication of data of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the study results overlapped with our objective of explaining why specific indicators were chosen, the study was not originally developed for that objective, and it still skipped valuable information about the selection process (Bernasconi & Grandi, 2021). It is clear that the available literature brought up the process of developing pandemic web tools from the content perspective. However, the existing evidence and guidelines are heterogenous to a great extent and need to be systematically reviewed. All of that being said, a new approach to evidence synthesis is required. A scoping review design was chosen. COVID-19 dashboards are currently widely accessible. Their proper use and to what extent they are understood could influence how the entire pandemic will be managed. In this study, we will take the first step towards a comprehensive conceptual model of how to properly create a pandemic dashboard. In our scoping review, we set out to explore the content perspective of pandemic dashboards. We are especially interested in how the included parameters were selected, which parameters were selected and if there are any specific methodology underlying the choice of parameters.

Summary Description: Clinicians and society increasingly recognize the impact of structural Racism on public and personal health, and recent work calls for the application of antiracist practices to medicine in order to acknowledge and reduce disparities. Race dialogues are one proposed tool. This is a scoping review seeking to (1) describe evidence of the benefits, best-practices facilitators, and challenges related to race dialogues, and (2) develop an understanding of the potential role of group or interpersonal race dialogues in healthcare (in the education/training setting, in clinician practice, in healthcare spaces, etc.). ************* Background: Group discussions on the topic of race and racism, which have been called race dialogues, have been identified and utilized as a means to introduce viewpoint-sharing and educational self-expression among individuals of different backgrounds. While we generally consider race dialogues to be interpersonal or group conversations about race, for the purposes of this work, we also use the Racial Equity Toolkit’s description of dialogues to further illustrate the qualities of conversations included under our definition: “Dialogue strategies are linked with community engagement strategies, focusing on bringing people together to discuss a particular issue, and/or to build relationships…these strategies [have been described] as methods for practicing democracy and for raising the voices of marginalized groups, and/or of multiple perspectives in a community. Some dialogue processes are designed explicitly as a first step towards action and change; some are not. Most share goals of increasing the number of perspectives that are brought to bear on a community issue” [1]. Race dialogues aim for participants to explore their social identities and experiences in relation to those of others, which in turn invites understanding, empathy and cooperation between them [2]. This may ultimately translate to decreased/managed racial biases and increased anti-racist action among dialogue participants. Ultimately, race dialogues are a proposed communication tool for bridging gaps between people of different backgrounds, yet while there is much to be gained from race dialogues, their setup is crucial and their potential impact dependent on many factors. Despite ideally benefiting their participants, these conversations can easily be inefficacious, or worse, introduce antagonism, if not carried out carefully [3]. Productive dialogues require an intentional and informed setup; if participants are discussing an event, they must share the same understanding beforehand of the “historical, factual realities of the systems surrounding the event that’s at the center of the dialogue” [4]. Additionally, as described by Miller and Donner, race dialogues (and their impact) will vary depending on (1) who participates in the conversation, (2) who sponsors the dialogue and where does the dialogue take place, (3) whether the dialogue is a single event or ongoing relationship, (4) how the group is facilitated, (5) how structured the conversations are, and (6) the goal of the conversation – these factors are important to consider when structuring a dialogue, as unequal power across participants could pre-emptively hinder constructive, purposeful communication [2]. Over the years, researchers and institutions have called for race dialogues and endeavored to develop guidelines and other important curricula for carrying out these conversations [5]. Notably, in 1998, President Clinton released the One America Dialogue Guide (“One America in the 21st Century: The President’s Initiative on Race”) [6], which encouraged open, honest discussions about race in order to deepen Americans’ understanding of one another’s viewpoints. This guide offered definitions and background information, directions for organizing community dialogues on race, and additional resources relevant to the topic; while the guide was important at the time it was published, research informing race dialogues and their challenges and benefits has only expanded – contemporary research may inform important adjustments to prior guidelines that better align with today’s environment. The research on race dialogues is primarily housed within the field of general education, as findings and resources are directly applicable to implementation in the classroom. The fields of business, sociology, psychology, and medicine have also grown burgeoning epistemological bases concerning race dialogues and effective implementation strategies. Given our interest in the potential application of race dialogues as a strategy/practice within the clinical setting, all fields in which race dialogues are studied are of pertinence and interest to us. While race dialogues have been increasingly referenced in the biomedical literature (‘race dialogue’ papers first began gaining popularity in the mid-1990’s (~5 papers with the keyword published per year) and grew more significantly in popularity in the mid 2010’s (~20 papers/year) [7], consideration of in-field work alone would perhaps mean omitting crucial insights highlighted by contemporary research on race dialogues in education, for example. Rationale: Clinicians and society increasingly recognize the impact of structural Racism on public and personal health [8–10]. Black Americans and other minority groups experience more illness, lower healthcare utilization, worse outcomes, and earlier death compared with whites [11,12], all of which are affected by the limited access to socioeconomic resources owing to a history of discrimination [13]. Recent work calls for the application of antiracist practices to medicine in order to acknowledge and reduce disparities [14–18]. Yet, many clinicians are uncertain about how to address racism or employ these practices; race dialogues are one such proposed tool. As few who wish to facilitate race dialogues seek or receive instructions for carrying them out, many clinicians may be unprepared for carrying out productive race dialogues. While some may use dialogue guidelines, these may not be up-to-date and may fail to reflect all information and best practices relevant to healthcare settings. Given the vulnerability and sensitivity involved in discussions about race, implementing race dialogues too quickly may lead to their poor handling and could harm rather than improve relationships. Additionally, while in theory, race dialogues foster understanding and connection among people from different groups, outcomes in the research setting should support this aim – outcomes evidencing the overall benefit of race dialogues could support the use of this practice in clinical contexts and inform clinicians of critical limitations. The lack of relevant research on race dialogues in the biomedical field and the exploratory nature of our aims lend themselves to a scoping review approach with a broader search field. We want to perform this scoping review of the applicable literature concerning race dialogues in multiple fields to summarize their benefits and potential use as a relationship-facilitating tool within the healthcare system (in the education/training setting, in clinician practice, in healthcare spaces, etc.), in order to support the implementation and suggestion of this practice. Objectives: Our objective is to review the literature on race dialogues within the biomedical, psychology, nursing and allied health, anthropology, sociology, and education databases and describe cumulative findings related to their benefits, best practices, and challenges, as well as their relevance within the healthcare setting. Ultimately, in reviewing the literature, we hope to: • (1) describe evidence of the benefits, best-practices facilitators, and challenges related to race dialogues. • (2) understand the potential role of group or interpersonal race dialogues in healthcare (in the education/training setting, in clinician practice, in healthcare spaces, etc.). *********** References: 1 Racial Equity Tools. Act, Strategies, Dialogue and Deliberation. Racial Equity Tools. 2020. URL: https://www.racialequitytools.org/resources/act/strategies/dialogue-and-deliberation (Accessed 22 July 2021). 2 Miller J, Donner S. More than just talk: The use of racial dialogues to combat racism. Social Work with Groups 2000;23:31–53. https://doi.org/10.1300/J009v23n01_03. 3 Sue DW. Race talk and facilitating difficult racial dialogues. Counseling Today 2015. 4 Demby G. Why Calls For Racial Dialogue Rarely Lead To Actual Conversations. NPR 2019. 5 Learning for Justice. Let’s Talk: Facilitating Critical Conversations with Students. Teaching Tolerance 2015. 6 Clinton W. One America in the 21st Century: The President’s Initiative on Race. Washington, DC: The White House; 1998. 7 Slater L. PubMed PubReMiner. Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l’Association Des Bibliothèques de La Santé Du Canada 2014;33:undefined-undefined. https://doi.org/10.5596/c2012-014. 8 Devakumar D, Selvarajah S, Shannon G, Muraya K, Lasoye S, Corona S, et al. Racism, the public health crisis we can no longer ignore. The Lancet 2020;395:e112–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31371-4. 9 AMA Press Center. New AMA policy recognizes racism as a public health threat. American Medical Association. 2020. URL: https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/new-ama-policy-recognizes-racism-public-health-threat (Accessed 22 July 2021). 10 O’Reilly K. AMA: Racism is a threat to public health. American Medical Association. 2020. URL: https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/health-equity/ama-racism-threat-public-health (Accessed 22 July 2021). 11 National Center for Health Statistics (US). Health, United States, 2015: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (US); 2016. 12 National partnership for action to end health disparities: Offices of Minority Health. Washington, DC: The Department of Health and Human Services, United States (HHS); 2011. 13 Feagin J, Bennefield Z. Systemic racism and U.S. health care. Social Science & Medicine 2014;103:7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.006. 14 Olayiwola J, Joseph J, Glover A, Paz H, Gray D. Making Anti-Racism A Core Value In Academic Medicine | Health Affairs Blog. Health Affairs. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1377/hblog20200820.931674. 15 Koschmann KS, Jeffers NK, Heidari O. “I can’t breathe”: A call for antiracist nursing practice. Nurs Outlook 2020;68:539–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.07.004. 16 Cerdeña JP, Plaisime MV, Tsai J. From race-based to race-conscious medicine: how anti-racist uprisings call us to act. Lancet 2020;396:1125–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32076-6. 17 Barrett E, Salas N, Dewey C, Ripp J, Hingle S. A call to action: Align well-being and antiracism strategies. ACP Internist. 2021. URL: https://acpinternist.org/archives/2021/03/a-call-to-action-align-well-being-and-antiracism-strategies.htm (Accessed 22 July 2021). 18 Crear-Perry J, Maybank A, Keeys M, Mitchell N, Godbolt D. Moving towards anti-racist praxis in medicine. Lancet 2020;396:451–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31543-9.

This paper examines the influence of depression and trait anxiety over the ability to make decisions intuitively. This paper is important for the scientific community as it can explain why certain cognitive abilities can become impaired. Clinical implications of research done on this topic can lead practitioners to create and implement better models for treating individuals with impaired cognitive abilities. With regard to society, this paper could help individuals improve their quality of life as they gain insight into why they may be struggling to make decisions.

This meta-analysis will be focused on the role of the most commonly used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the diagnosis of human prion diseases. The selected CSF biomarkers are: 14-3-3, total-tau, tau ratio, RT-QuIC and alpha-synuclein. The prion diseases included in the scope of the study are: sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome and fatal familial insomnia. The search will be performed in PubMed under pre-defined search strategy and inclusion criteria, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Selected papers will be evaluated with the QUADAS-2 tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Main data will be collected, including study type, participants involved, sample size and biomarker test results in the study population. Paper evaluation and data collection will be performed by two independent researchers, and discrepancies will be discussed in person. Data analysis will be carried out in R following standard procedures for diagnostic test accuracy meta-analyses, including, but not limited to, estimation of pooled effects, heterogeneity quantification and publication bias.

Objective: Describe the features, configurations, settings and testing procedures of rapidly manufactured ventilators (RMV) from a clinical and engineering perspective. This will help inform recommendations on effective and safety standards for use during conditions when hospital resources become or currently are limited. Introduction: RMVs are low cost machines made from readily available materials capable of performing the basic requirements of a standard hospital ventilator. They may serve as temporary mechanical ventilators during mass-casualty events (i.e., COVID-19) or supplemental resources in developing countries. However, until strict standards and criteria are established for RMV design and function, these life-support machines are unlikely to reach the clinical setting. Inclusion criteria: Papers of any design, language, and date describing RMVs designed and manufactured for treating critically ill adults and pediatric patients during limited resource conditions. Methods: An established 6-step scoping review methodology by Arksey and O’Malley, Levac et al and the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. The search strategy developed by a health sciences librarian will be used to identify literature of all languages in numerous databases, including the grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen relevant studies against eligibility criteria and review the full-text of the selected studies. Extracted information will include bibliographic data, study design, and various characteristics to describe RMVs. The included papers will be analyzed for commonalities across RMV designs and the results will be reported using numerical analysis and descriptive narrative summary. This will inform recommendations for effective and safe RMV design, manufacturing and clinical standards.

This manuscript presents a protocol for a meta-epidemiological study on the characteristics of scientific articles on COVID-19 published during the initial three months of the pandemic. TITLE Characteristics of scientific articles on COVID-19 published during the initial three months of the pandemic: protocol for a meta-epidemiological study AUTHORS Nicola Di Girolamo and Reint Meursinge Reynders ORCID NUMBERS Nicola Di Girolamo ORCID: 0000-0001-5203-9765 Reint Meursinge Reynders ORCID: 0000-0002-2233-9748 AFFILIATIONS AUTHORS Nicola Di Girolamo 1,2 (Associate professor and editor) 1 Center for veterinary health sciences, Oklahoma State University, 2065 W. Farm Road, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA. 2 EBMVet, Via Sigismondo Trecchi 20, Cremona CR 26100, Italy. Email: nicoladiggi@gmail.com Reint Meursinge Reynders 3,4 (Senior scientist and associate editor) 3 Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4 Private practice of orthodontics, Via Matteo Bandello 15, 20123 Milan, Italy. Email: reyndersmail@gmail.com CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Nicola Di Girolamo1,2 (Associate professor and editor) 1 Center for veterinary health sciences, Oklahoma State University, 2065 W. Farm Road, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA. 2 EBMVet, Via Sigismondo Trecchi 20, Cremona CR 26100, Italy. Email: nicoladiggi@gmail.com ABSTRACT Objectives: (1) What is the prevalence of primary and secondary articles on COVID-19 in the first 3 months of the pandemic? (2) What are the characteristics of both primary and secondary articles on COVID-19? (3) How does the COVID-19 publishing pattern compare with the publishing pattern of the last pandemic, i.e., Swine Flu pandemic? Design: Meta-epidemiological cross-sectional study Study sample: All research articles on Covid-19 indexed in PubMed (Medline) up to 2 April 2020. Main outcome measures: Predominantly prevalence statistics KEYWORDS Covid-19; Coronavirus; SARS-nCoV-2; Swine Flu; H1N1 strain; study design; research quality; healthcare policy; evidence-based medicine INTRODUCTION The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to prolific publishing on this health issue. Here, we will assess the scientific literature to analyze the characteristics of articles published on COVID-19 during the first 3 months of this pandemic. We will assess the type, quantity, and quality of this literature to get an insight in the available knowledge base for controlling this pandemic early on. We will divide the literature in primary and secondary articles. Primary articles refer to original research studies that create new or confirming data on a problem, e.g. an health issue. Secondary articles use these data to assess the current knowledge status on this problem. We will also compare the publishing pattern during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic with this pattern during the most recent pandemic, i.e., the H1N1 pandemic. OBJECTIVES Our main objectives are summarized in the following 3 research questions: (1) What is the prevalence of primary and secondary articles on COVID-19 in the first 3 months of the pandemic? (2) What are the characteristics of both primary and secondary articles? (3) How does the publishing pattern during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compare with the publishing pattern of the last pandemic, i.e., Swine Flu pandemic? METHODS Type of study We will conduct a cross-sectional (meta-epidemiological) study. Reporting of the study We will use Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement as the framework for reporting this study (von Elm 2007). We will report our methods for the Swine Flu sample at the end of the methods section. Eligibility criteria Any type of article published on COVID-19 will be eligible. This implies that a broad spectrum of articles ranging from letters to the editors to randomized controlled trials will be included. No eligibility criteria will be applied to specific participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, endpoints, or settings of the articles. Articles that did not present an abstract as well as abstracts that were not reported in English will be excluded. Information sources and search strategy We will search eligible articles on COVID-19 in PubMed (MEDLINE) till April 2 2020. Our search strategy for PubMed (MEDLINE) is presented in Table 1 and will be prepared for the eligible search dates. We will use the search string “(COVID-19 OR COVID)” and apply the filter ‘Abstract’. Table 1. Search strategy for COVID-19 Search: COVID-19 OR COVID Filters: Abstract ((((((("covid 19"[All Fields] OR "covid 2019"[All Fields]) OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2"[Supplementary Concept]) OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2"[All Fields]) OR "2019 ncov"[All Fields]) OR "sars cov 2"[All Fields]) OR "2019ncov"[All Fields]) OR (("wuhan"[All Fields] AND ("coronavirus"[MeSH Terms] OR "coronavirus"[All Fields])) AND (2019/12/1:2019/12/31[Date - Publication] OR 2020/1/1:2020/12/31[Date - Publication]))) OR "COVID"[All Fields] Translations COVID-19: "COVID-19"[All Fields] OR "COVID-2019"[All Fields] OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2"[Supplementary Concept] OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2"[All Fields] OR "2019-nCoV"[All Fields] OR "SARS-CoV-2"[All Fields] OR "2019nCoV"[All Fields] OR (("Wuhan"[All Fields] AND ("coronavirus"[MeSH Terms] OR "coronavirus"[All Fields])) AND (2019/12[PDAT] OR 2020[PDAT])) Selection of articles and data extraction Two operators (Nicola di Girolamo and Reint Meursinge Reynders) will conduct the selection of articles and the data extraction procedures independently. These operators pilot tested these methods on 40 articles to calibrate operators and to fine-tune research methods, e.g., the data extraction forms (Table 2). Disagreements during the selection of articles and data extraction procedures will be resolved through discussions between these operators. A methodologist will be consulted in the case of persisting disagreements. We will report the flow of our selection of articles and will include our raw data with the final research study. Table 2. Data extraction forms Title: Report the title of the article PMID: Report the PubMed-Indexed for MEDLINE (PMID) Authors: Report the authors of the article Citation: Report the citations of the article First author: Report the first author of the article Journal/Book: Report the name of the journal or book Publication year: Report the year of publication of the article Creation date: Report the date of the creation of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) DOI: Report the DOI DOI LINK: Report the link to the DOI Language of full text: Report the language in which the full text of the article was published Language if not English: Report the language of the full text if not English Country: Report the country of the first institution of the first author Type of study: Report the type of study, e.g., human medical research/in vitro/in silico/review/guidelines etc. Study design: Report the study design. Only the design of human medical research studies will be reported Sample size: Report the sample size. Only the sample size of human medical research studies will be reported Objectives: Report whether the objectives of the article were reported in the abstract. Possible answers: Yes/No Limitations/problems reported in the abstract: Report whether limitations/or problems of the article were reported in the abstract. Possible answers: Yes/No Additional comments: Report possible additional comments Conclusions: Copy and paste the conclusions reported in the abstract Classification of the included articles We will classify each included article as either a primary or a secondary article. Primary articles cover original research studies and secondary articles cover perspectives and syntheses of the available knowledge on COVID-19 such as, viewpoints, commentaries, guidelines, reviews etc. Primary articles will be divided in 5 groups, i.e., human medical research, in silico, in vitro, animal research, and surveys or studies on health professionals. These groups will be further subdivided according to the pertinent research designs. Our classification of articles will not be exclusively based on the labels assigned by the authors of the articles, because of the potential risk of mislabeling (Esene 2014). We will weigh the author’ labels before assigning our final classification. Abstract assessment We will screen the abstracts to assess whether objectives and limitations of the article were reported or not. Limitations will be subdivided in methodological and general limitations. The former refers to reporting of at least one methodological limitation in the abstract. General limitations refer to reporting some sort of limitation not inherent to the design of the paper, e.g., further research on this topic is needed etc. Information sources and search strategy for the Swine Flu sample We will search PubMed (MEDLINE) for eligible articles on H1N1 during the first 3 months of the Swine Flu outbreak (04/25/09-7/25/09). Our search strategy for PubMed (MEDLINE) is presented in Table 3. We will use the search string “((H1N1) OR "swine influenza")” and apply the filter ‘Abstract’. This search strategy will be prepared for the eligible search dates. Table 3. Search strategy for H1N1 Search: (H1N1) OR (swine influenza) Filters: Abstract "H1N1"[All Fields] OR (((("orthomyxoviridae infections"[MeSH Terms] OR ("orthomyxoviridae"[All Fields] AND "infections"[All Fields])) OR "orthomyxoviridae infections"[All Fields]) OR ("swine"[All Fields] AND "influenza"[All Fields])) OR "swine influenza"[All Fields]) Translations swine influenza: "orthomyxoviridae infections"[MeSH Terms] OR ("orthomyxoviridae"[All Fields] AND "infections"[All Fields]) OR "orthomyxoviridae infections"[All Fields] OR ("swine"[All Fields] AND "influenza"[All Fields]) OR "swine influenza"[All Fields] Selection of articles, data extraction, and classification of the included articles for the Swine Flu sample For the selection of articles, data extraction, and the classification of the included articles for the Swine Flu sample we will adopt the methods presented for the COVID-19 sample. We will report on the classification of primary and secondary articles in this sample. Data analysis We will use descriptive statistics expressed as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR) and ranges or absolute counts and percentages. Multivariate logistic regression models will be developed to explore factors associated with the primary outcomes and to provide odds ratio adjusted for confounders (Peng & So, 2002; Heck, Thomas & Tabata, 2013). Variables will be retained in the models regardless of their statistical significance. Goodness of fit will be assessed with Hosmer-Lemshow test and Nagelkerke R squared. Data analyses and figures will be done with SPSS (version 24, IBM) and R 3.6.3 (R Core Team, 2020, www.R-project.org/). Outcomes Table 4 summarizes our planned outcomes. For most of these outcomes we will calculate prevalence statistics. We did not involve patients or other stakeholders in developing our research questions or outcomes. Table 4. Summary of planned outcomes Published papers on COVID-19 Primary and secondary articles on COVID-19 Type of primary articles on COVID-19 Research design of primary articles on COVID-19 Type of secondary articles on COVID-19 Articles on COVID-19 per country Journals on COVID-19 Reporting of objectives in the abstract in included articles on COVID-19 Reporting of limitations in the abstract in included articles on COVID-19 Published papers on H1N1 Primary and secondary articles on H1N1 Type of primary articles on H1N1 Research design of primary articles on H1N1 Type of secondary articles on H1N1 Differences in publishing trends between COVID-19 and H1N1 Differences between the protocol and the final study Originally we also planned to extract whether included studies were part of multi center projects. After the completion of our pilot tests we decided not to extract these data, because they could not be extracted reliably. This manuscript represents the latest version of our protocol, i.e., the protocol after the completion of our pilot tests. All differences between this protocol and the methods used in the study will be reported in the final manuscript of the study with rationale. REFERENCES Esene 2014 Esene IN, Ngu J, El Zoghby M, et al. Case series and descriptive cohort studies in neurosurgery: the confusion and solution. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(8):1321–1332. doi:10.1007/s00381-014-2460-1. Von Elm 2007 von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Oct 16;147(8):573-7.

1. Title Academic entitlement and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis Summary: The effect of academic entitlement is receiving greater attention. Research provides evidence that students with higher academic entitlement are related to having inflated self-esteem, external locus of control and worse studying strategy (Chowning & Campbell, 2009). However, research provides conflicting results on academic entitlement’s relationship with academic performance (Kazoun 2013; Frey 2015; Achacoso, 2002). Studies have suspected this conflicting result might be caused by different measures of academic performance (McLellan & Jackson, 2017). The present protocol proposes a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize current research and investigates evidence for the relation between academic entitlement and academic performance. Citation Wang, Z., Scholz, B., Lu, V. N., & Nghia, T. L. H., (2021). Academic Entitlement and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 2. Original language title None. 3. Anticipation or actual start date 1 April 2021. 4. Anticipated completion date 1 April 2022. 5. Stage of review at time of this submission Stage [Not started, Started or Completed] Preliminary searches: Not Started Piloting of the study selection process: Not Started Formal screening of search results against eligibility criteria: Not Started Data extraction: Not Started Risk of bias (quality) assessment: Not started Data analysis: Not started 6-9. Contact details for further information Mr Zijian Wang u6261756@anu.edu.au Building 39, The Australian National University, Science Rd, Canberra ACT 2601 10. Organisation affiliation of the review College of Health & Medicine, the Australian National University. 11. Review team members’ and their organisational affiliations Mr. Zijian Wang, College of Health & Medicine, the Australia National University. Dr. Brett Scholz, College of Health & Medicine, the Australia National University Pro. Vinh Nhat Lu, College of Business& Economics, the Australian National University. Dr. Tran Le Huu Nghia, College of Business& Economics, the Australian National University. 13. Conflicts of interest None. 14. Collaborators None. 15. Review Question(s) How does academic entitlement correlate with students’ academic performance? Whether self-report vs true academic performance score is a significant moderator of this relationship? 16. Searches We will search the following electronic bibliographic database: ERIC, PsycInfo and Web of Science. We will use English to search and there will be no restrictions on publication years. The search strategy includes terms related to academic entitlement and academic performance, as indicated below. (“Academic Entitle*” OR “Academic Deserv*”) AND (“Academic Performance” OR “GPA” OR “grade point average”) The searches will be re-run before the final analyses to include any literature published after the time of the initial search. 17. Detailed search strategy The specific search strategies for each database are as follow: For ERIC: "academic entitlement" and "GPA" 4 “academic deservingness” and “GPA” 0 “academic entitlement” and “academic performance” 29 “academic deservingness” and “academic performance” 3 "academic entitlement" and "grade point average" 6 “academic deservingness” and “grade point average” 0 Combining the result of these six searches. For PsycInfo: ("Academic Entitle*" OR "Academic Deserv*") AND ("Academic Performance" OR "GPA" OR "grade point average") limited to English; species limited to human. For Web of Science: TS= (“Academic Entitle*” OR “Academic Deserv*”) AND TS = (“Academic Performance” OR “GPA” OR “grade point average”) Language limited to English 18. Condition or domain being studied Academic entitlement, education. 19. Participation/population Inclusion: (1) has included a well-defined academic entitlement concept and a scale that measures the strength of subjective academic entitled tendency (2) has quantitative measure of academic performance Exclusion: (1) has only qualitative research methods, i.e.: case studies, focus groups. (2) articles that do not report original research, i.e. review papers, book chapters. (3) does not quantify academic entitlement and academic performance 20. Intervention(s), exposure(s) Inclusion: Academic entitlement is defined as ) defined academic entitlement as “the tendency to possess an expectation of academic success without taking personal responsibility for achieving that success” (Chowning & Campbell, 2009, p. 982). A proper measure of academic entitlement requires a survey measuring the entitled expectation (e.g. “It is unnecessary for me to participate in class when the professor is paid for teaching, not for asking questions.”), and it is not limited to higher education or middle school. Academic performance is defined as the outcome of education. Any types of GPA measure, the quality of homework measure or teachers’ feedback on learning outcomes will be included. Self reported grade and true per school’s record will both be recorded. Exclusion: Studies that do not measure students’ academic entitlement or performance. 21. Comparator(s)/control No comparator or control is used. 22. Types of study to be included initially Experiments (pre/post: interventions, cluster randomised etc.), correlational studies, longitudinal studies and prospective studies will be included. 23. Context Studies using both higher education and middle school/primary school cohorts will be recorded. 24. Primary outcome(s) Academic entitlement and academic performance relationship are the main outcomes. Measures of effects Not applicable. 25. Secondary outcome(s) and measure of effects Moderating effect of self-report gpa vs. true gpa. 26. Data extraction (selection and coding) Study selection In first screening, titles, abstracts and key words of all retrieved studies based on search terms will be reviewed by researchers using ASReview (Ver. 0.16, Van de Schoot et al., 2021). The studies that fail to meet inclusion criteria will be eliminated. Full text of all the potentially eligible studies will be downloaded for second screening by researchers. Any disagreement among researchers over the eligibility of particular studies during the screening process will be discussed at a meeting (with three additional researchers if necessary) until agreement is achieved. Data extraction: Researchers will use a standardised form to extract data from eligible studies. Information includes title, authors, publication year, sample size, gender distribution of the sample (percentage of female in the sample), mean age of the sample group, group characters, measures of academic entitlement and academic performance (name of the scales; reliability measure of the scales) and the correlation between entitlement and performance (type of correlation coefficient; whether the study contains multiple correlations) will be extracted. Missing data will be requested from authors. Any discrepancies will be resolved through discussion between researchers (with three additional researchers if necessary). The results of the search strategy and review process will be presented in a PRISMA flow diagram. 27. Risk of bias (quality) assessment A highly reliable machine learning program will be used for first screening based on abstract (Van de Schoot et al., 2021) . In addition, MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Guidelines (Stroup et al., 2000) will be used to critically appraise selected studies and to identify selection bias (when the study population is not representative of the target population and randomisation is not achieved), publication bias (selective publication of studies based on the magnitude and direction of findings), reporting bias (selective reporting) and confounding. Any discrepancies encountered will be discussed among the investigators to resolve. Van de Schoot, R., de Bruin, J., Schram, R., Zahedi, P., de Boer, J., Weijdema, F., ... & Oberski, D. L. (2021). An open source machine learning framework for efficient and transparent systematic reviews. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1-9. Stroup, D. F., Berlin, J. A., Morton, S. C., Olkin, I., Williamson, G. D., Rennie, D., Group, f. t. M.-a. O. O. S. i. E. (2000). Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in EpidemiologyA Proposal for Reporting. JAMA, 283, 2008-2012. doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 %J JAMA 28. Strategy for data synthesis Meta-analysis will be conducted using the following strategies. The data from each study will be presented along with the Pearson’s r and equivalent Fisher’s z within a table. If the study uses other correlational methods, such as Kendall’s τ or Spearman rank order correlation coefficients, the results will be converted into Pearson’s r using specific formulas (Rupinski & Dunlap, 1996). Also included within the table will be the calculated effect size, a 95% confidence interval around the effect size and the significance of the correlation which will be based on the random-effects model or further meta-analysis. Further details on the measure of academic entitlement and academic performance used, their relevant reliability measure, information on the sample used and information on the ethnic identity of the group being measured will also be listed. If the original paper does not list the correlation coefficient for the data reported, the authors of the paper will be contacted and a request for this information will be put forward. If unable to provide this information, the study will be removed from these analyses. Studies that report two or more distinct student groups (e.g. in China and US) will have each group treated as two separate sets of correlations. For studies containing multiple waves of a singular group, or multiple and separate scales for the same variable, the relevant correlations will be averaged and the mean correlation coefficient will be further utilized for meta-analysis (Cooper, Hedges, & Valentine, 2019). If there is sufficient data and reasonable homogeneity beyond screening and gathering of data, a meta-analysis will be used, otherwise a random-effects model will be used in its place to further expand on the entirety of the studies being examined. To test for heterogeneity, and further for publication bias, we will conduct an overall funnel plot following collection of the data. Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (2019). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis: Russell Sage Foundation. Rupinski, M. T., & Dunlap, W. P. (1996). Approximating Pearson product-moment correlations from Kendall's tau and Spearman's rho. Educational and psychological measurement, 56(3), 419-429. 29. Analysis of sub-groups or subsets If there is sufficient data, further analysis of subgroups will be conducted to determine whether the following characteristics had a moderating effect on the data gathered. Other characteristics may be added and test for moderation effect after the completion of data collection. Self-report vs. true academic performance measure Country of the study participants Level of study Scales of academic entitlement measure 31. Language English. 32. Country Australia. 36. Keywords Systematic review; meta-analysis; academic entitlement; academic performance; quantitative research; cross-cultural. 38. Current review status Review Unstarted. 39. Additional information Not applicable. 40. Details of final report/publications To be added when the study is completed

Social distancing measures introduced by governments reduces the mobility in the concerned cities. This reflects the following statement from the paper's abstract: "Social distancing measures decreased the mobility by an additional 23% (95% CI: 20%, 27%)." A city was classified to have instituted social distancing measures if non-essential businesses were closed; these measures were further classified as moderate or intense based on the intensity of closure. The effect of time and social distancing measures was estimated using a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model. Social distancing measures decreased the mobility by an additional 23% (95% CI: 20%, 27%). The focal test in the original paper is: Social distancing measures decreased the mobility by an additional 23% (95% CI: 20%, 27%).

Sponsor: No sponsor Authors and affiliations: 1. Michael Taylor: University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom 2. Roy Schwartz: Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom 3. Muhammad Amjad: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom 4. Sui Chien Wong: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom Information provided by: Michael Taylor Study type: Systematic review (mixed methods: qualitative synthesis plus pooled analysis of binary outcome denoting whether visual acuity improved following treatment) Official title: Management of Paediatric Coats disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case Series Brief summary of study: Coats Disease is a progressive condition affecting the retinal vasculature that usually presents unilaterally in males in early childhood. The disease causes telangiectasias and exudates and can lead to reduced visual acuity and, in later stages, retinal detachment. Treatment has traditionally involved ablation and surgery, and more recently, intra ocular antiVEGF agents and steroids have been used. We are doing a literature review of studies describing treatments of paediatric Stage 1-3b Coats disease to explore potential for newer treatments potentially leading to improved visual acuity outcomes. What has been done so far: At the time of writing (04/02/21), database searches have been carried out as described in the Methodology section to retrieve studies published until May 2020. Two authors have independently checked the list of retrieved studies to ensure that all have been appropriately included or excluded according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria as listed below. Additionally, and one author has coded the data from retrieved studies, has assessed quality of retrieved studies using the JBI assessment tool for case series, and has carried out preliminary pooled analyses and narrative synthesis as described in the analytic strategy section. A second author is in the process of independently extracting data and assessing quality from these studies. What there is yet to do: A final search (of articles published since May 2020) and final analysis of all included studies is yet to be done. At least two authors will check the results of this search to ensure all papers fitting inclusion criteria are included. At least two authors will also independently assess quality of the papers using the JBI tool and extract data from papers retrieved in this final search. After independent coding of extracted data and independent coding of quality of included studies is complete, authors will discuss their independent coding of the data and of quality and disagreements will be resolved by consensus. After the final search and the final decision on coding and which studies to include, analysis will be conducted as described in the analytic strategy section. Methodology Search Strategy: Searching Medline and EMBASE databases using “Coat’s Disease”, “Coats’ Disease”, and “Coats Disease” (no year of publication restrictions) Study inclusion criteria: published in a peer-reviewed journal; describes observational or interventional trials focussing Coats disease treatment; includes more than three paediatric participants with up to Stage 3b disease, for whom study findings could be distinguished from other patients described. Exclusion criteria: Articles written in a language other than English; case reports, letters, conference abstracts, commentaries, review articles, studies where it was not possibly to differentiate results from paediatric patients with up to Stage 3b Coats disease from those of other patients. Data collection: The following will be collected from included studies: study year, study country, study design, outcomes of the study, treatment methods used, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) pre- and post-treatment, follow-up time, age of patients, and gender of patients. The BCVA measures will be used to calculate the primary outcome (whether visual acuity improved after treatment). Quality assessment: The Joanna Biggs Institute checklist for case series will be used to assess quality of included studies (https://joannabriggs.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/Checklist_for_Case_Series.pdf) Analytic strategy: 1) A narrative review of descriptions of Coats Disease treatments described in all studies retrieved that fit the eligibility criteria. 2) A pooled analysis of the proportion of times patients who were given different classes of treatments (antiVEGF, steroids, or treatment that did not involve either of these) experienced improved visual acuity at the final follow-up compared to the first documented measurement. As most of the studies in this field are case series, standard meta-analysis techniques for assessment of randomised trials are not appropriate here. A random effects model will be used to assess proportions of visual acuity improvement according to stage of disease (1, 2a, 2b, 3a, or 3b) and to treatment category. The Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation(2) will be used to stabilise the variance in the proportions before study results are pooled. The statistical software used for the meta-analysis will be Stata(1), and specifically, the ‘Metaprop’(3) command will be used References 1) StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. TX: StataCorp LLC: College Station; 2019. 2) Lin L, Xu C. Arcsine-based transformations for meta-analysis of proportions: Pros, cons, and alternatives. Heal Sci Reports. 2020;3(3):e178. 3) Nyaga VN, Arbyn M, Aerts M. Metaprop: a Stata command to perform meta-analysis of binomial data. Arch Public Heal. 2014;72(1):39.