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In order to resolve the long-standing controversy surrounding the relationships within the Triplophysa genus, we conducted an extensive analysis of the complete mitogenome of Triplophysa labiata using DNBSEQ short reads. Additionally, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the Nemacheilidae family using mitogenome data. By comparing all available mitogenomes within the Triplophysa genus, we gained valuable insights into its evolutionary history. Our findings revealed that the mitogenome sequence of T. labiata is circular, spanning a length of 16,573 bp. It encompasses 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and a control region (D-loop). Among the PCGs, the start codon ATG was commonly observed, except in cox1, while the stop codons TAA/TAG/T were found in all PCGs. Furthermore, purifying selection was evident across all PCGs. Utilizing maximum likelihood (ML) methods, we employed the 13 PCGs and the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 30 Triplophysa mitogenomes to infer the phylogeny. Our results strongly supported the division of the Triplophysa genus into four primary clades. Notably, our study provides the first evidence of the close relationship between T. labiata and T. dorsalis. These findings serve as a significant foundation for future investigations into the mitogenomics and phylogeny of Nemacheilidae fishes, paving the way for further advancements in this field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversies surrounding the phylogenetic relationships within the family Apogonidae have persisted due to the limited molecular data, obscuring the evolution of these diverse tropical marine fishes. This study presents the first complete mitochondrial genome of Fowleria variegata, a previously unrepresented genus, using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Through a comparative mitogenomic analysis, F. variegate was shown to exhibit a typical genome architecture and composition, including 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA and 2 rRNA genes and a control region, consistent with studies of other Apogonidae species. Nearly all protein-coding genes started with ATG, while stop codons TAA/TAG/T were observed, along with evidence of strong functional constraints imposed via purifying selection. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches provided robust evidence that F. variegata forms a basal lineage closely related to P. trimaculatus within Apogonidae, offering novel perspectives into the molecular evolution of this family. By generating new mitogenomic resources and evolutionary insights, this study makes important headway in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships and mitogenomic characteristics of Apogonidae fishes. The findings provide critical groundwork for future investigations into the drivers of diversification, speciation patterns, and adaptive radiation underlying the extensive ecological diversity and biological success of these marine fishes using phylogenomics and population genomics approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]