2,087 results
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2. EBRAINS Live Papers - Interactive Resource Sheets for Computational Studies in Neuroscience.
- Author
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Appukuttan S, Bologna LL, Schürmann F, Migliore M, and Davison AP
- Subjects
- Computational Biology methods, Information Storage and Retrieval, Ecosystem, Neurosciences methods
- Abstract
We present here an online platform for sharing resources underlying publications in neuroscience. It enables authors to easily upload and distribute digital resources, such as data, code, and notebooks, in a structured and systematic way. Interactivity is a prominent feature of the Live Papers, with features to download, visualise or simulate data, models and results presented in the corresponding publications. The resources are hosted on reliable data storage servers to ensure long term availability and easy accessibility. All data are managed via the EBRAINS Knowledge Graph, thereby helping maintain data provenance, and enabling tight integration with tools and services offered under the EBRAINS ecosystem., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Whistleblower finds possible misconduct in his own papers.
- Author
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Piller C
- Subjects
- Humans, Mentors, Alzheimer Disease, Scientific Misconduct, Whistleblowing, Neurosciences ethics
- Abstract
Matthew Schrag confronts a mentor after their joint work is flagged on the PubPeer website.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Call for Papers: Brain Connectivity: A Journal of Clinical Neurology, Neuroscience, & Neuroimaging .
- Author
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Edison P
- Subjects
- Brain diagnostic imaging, Humans, Neuroimaging, Neurology, Neurosciences
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. An analysis of neuroscience and psychiatry papers published from 2009 and 2019 outlines opportunities for increasing discovery of sex differences.
- Author
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Rechlin RK, Splinter TFL, Hodges TE, Albert AY, and Galea LAM
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Publications, Sex Characteristics, Neurosciences, Psychiatry
- Abstract
Sex differences exist in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, but these have not always been addressed adequately in research. In order to address this, it is necessary to consider how sex is incorporated into the design (e.g. using a balanced design) and into the analyses (e.g. using sex as a covariate) in the published literature. We surveyed papers published in 2009 and 2019 across six journals in neuroscience and psychiatry. In this sample, we find a 30% increase in the percentage of papers reporting studies that included both sexes in 2019 compared with 2009. Despite this increase, in 2019 only 19% of papers in the sample reported using an optimal design for discovery of possible sex differences, and only 5% of the papers reported studies that analysed sex as a discovery variable. We conclude that progress to date has not been sufficient to address the importance of sex differences in research for discovery and therapeutic potential for neurological and psychiatric disease., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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6. Priorities for research on neuromodulatory subcortical systems in Alzheimer's disease: Position paper from the NSS PIA of ISTAART
- Author
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Ehrenberg, Alexander J, Kelberman, Michael A, Liu, Kathy Y, Dahl, Martin J, Weinshenker, David, Falgàs, Neus, Dutt, Shubir, Mather, Mara, Ludwig, Mareike, Betts, Matthew J, Winer, Joseph R, Teipel, Stefan, Weigand, Alexandra J, Eschenko, Oxana, Hämmerer, Dorothea, Leiman, Marina, Counts, Scott E, Shine, James M, Robertson, Ian H, Levey, Allan I, Lancini, Elisa, Son, Gowoon, Schneider, Christoph, Van Egroo, Maxime, Liguori, Claudio, Wang, Qin, Vazey, Elena M, Rodriguez‐Porcel, Federico, Haag, Lena, Bondi, Mark W, Vanneste, Sven, Freeze, Whitney M, Yi, Yeo‐Jin, Maldinov, Mihovil, Gatchel, Jennifer, Satpati, Abhijit, Babiloni, Claudio, Kremen, William S, Howard, Robert, Jacobs, Heidi IL, and Grinberg, Lea T
- Subjects
Neurosciences ,Dementia ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Aging ,Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) ,Neurodegenerative ,Brain Disorders ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Neurological ,Humans ,Alzheimer Disease ,Brain ,Biomarkers ,Disease Progression ,Clinical Sciences ,Geriatrics - Abstract
The neuromodulatory subcortical system (NSS) nuclei are critical hubs for survival, hedonic tone, and homeostasis. Tau-associated NSS degeneration occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, long before the emergence of pathognomonic memory dysfunction and cortical lesions. Accumulating evidence supports the role of NSS dysfunction and degeneration in the behavioral and neuropsychiatric manifestations featured early in AD. Experimental studies even suggest that AD-associated NSS degeneration drives brain neuroinflammatory status and contributes to disease progression, including the exacerbation of cortical lesions. Given the important pathophysiologic and etiologic roles that involve the NSS in early AD stages, there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying NSS vulnerability and more precisely detail the clinical progression of NSS changes in AD. Here, the NSS Professional Interest Area of the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment highlights knowledge gaps about NSS within AD and provides recommendations for priorities specific to clinical research, biomarker development, modeling, and intervention. HIGHLIGHTS: Neuromodulatory nuclei degenerate in early Alzheimer's disease pathological stages. Alzheimer's pathophysiology is exacerbated by neuromodulatory nuclei degeneration. Neuromodulatory nuclei degeneration drives neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Biomarkers of neuromodulatory integrity would be value-creating for dementia care. Neuromodulatory nuclei present strategic prospects for disease-modifying therapies.
- Published
- 2023
7. Against "silent" retractions in neuroscience.
- Author
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Teixeira da Silva JA and Daly T
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- Humans, Scientific Misconduct ethics, Editorial Policies, Neurosciences methods, Neurosciences standards, Retraction of Publication as Topic, Periodicals as Topic standards
- Abstract
When an academic paper is published in a journal that assigns a digital object identifier (DOI) to papers, this is a de facto fait accompli. Corrections or retractions are supposed to follow a specific protocol, especially in journals that claim to follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. In this paper, we highlight a case of a new, fully open access neuroscience journal that claims to be COPE-compliant, yet has silently retracted two papers since all records, bibliometrics, and PDF files related to their existence have been deleted from the journal's website. Although this phenomenon does not seem to be common in the neurosciences, we consider that any opaque corrective measures in journals whose papers could be cited may negatively impact the wider neuroscience literature and community. Instead, we encourage transparency in retraction to promote truthfulness and trustworthiness., (© 2024 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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8. Firefly Neuroscience's White Paper Unveils BNA(TM) Platform's Significant Impact on Disease Management in 2,253 U.S Patients
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United States. Securities and Exchange Commission -- Management ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Patient compliance ,Nervous system diseases -- Care and treatment ,Mentally ill -- Care and treatment ,Neurosciences ,Mental illness -- Care and treatment ,Company business management ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business - Abstract
The white paper is titled 'Brain Network Analytics (BNA) in the Psychiatric Practice: Real-Life Data Analysis' The analysis involved a cohort of 2,253 patients receiving treatment at a prominent psychiatric [...]
- Published
- 2024
9. Firefly Neuroscience's White Paper Unveils BNA Platform's Significant Impact on Disease Management in 2,253 U.S Patients
- Subjects
Mentally ill ,Neurosciences ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
FAIRFAX: Firefly Neuroscience, Inc. ('Firefly'), a pioneering AI company developing innovative neuroscientific solutions to improve outcomes for patients with mental illnesses and neurological disorders, today announced the findings presented in [...]
- Published
- 2024
10. Why we publish papers reporting findings we may not believe.
- Author
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Della Sala, Sergio and Grafman, Jordan
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SCIENTIFIC literature ,PUBLISHING ,RESEARCH ,NEUROSCIENCES ,NEUROLOGY - Published
- 2024
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11. Causation in neuroscience: keeping mechanism meaningful.
- Author
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Ross LN and Bassett DS
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- Humans, Cognition, Brain, Philosophy, Neurosciences, Mental Disorders
- Abstract
A fundamental goal of research in neuroscience is to uncover the causal structure of the brain. This focus on causation makes sense, because causal information can provide explanations of brain function and identify reliable targets with which to understand cognitive function and prevent or change neurological conditions and psychiatric disorders. In this research, one of the most frequently used causal concepts is 'mechanism' - this is seen in the literature and language of the field, in grant and funding inquiries that specify what research is supported, and in journal guidelines on which contributions are considered for publication. In these contexts, mechanisms are commonly tied to expressions of the main aims of the field and cited as the 'fundamental', 'foundational' and/or 'basic' unit for understanding the brain. Despite its common usage and perceived importance, mechanism is used in different ways that are rarely distinguished. Given that this concept is defined in different ways throughout the field - and that there is often no clarification of which definition is intended - there remains a marked ambiguity about the fundamental goals, orientation and principles of the field. Here we provide an overview of causation and mechanism from the perspectives of neuroscience and philosophy of science, in order to address these challenges., (© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2024
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12. Systems Neuroscience's 2022 Top Papers: An Editorial Summary.
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Slavin, Konstantin V.
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HYPNOTISM ,BRAIN stimulation ,TRANSCRANIAL alternating current stimulation ,TRANSCUTANEOUS electrical nerve stimulation ,NEUROSCIENCES ,VAGUS nerve stimulation - Abstract
This document is an editorial summary of the top cited papers in the field of Systems Neuroscience in 2022. The top ten papers cover a range of topics including tinnitus, obesity, and neuromodulation. The papers come from authors all over the world, representing diverse perspectives. Some notable findings include the lack of therapeutic benefit of a specific stimulation modality for tinnitus, the potential improvement of tinnitus treatment through an enriched acoustic environment, the impact of psychological and sociodemographic factors on tinnitus-related distress, the potential benefits of aerobic exercise for individuals with mild cognitive impairment, the importance of considering insular epilepsy during surgical planning, the functional changes in brain activity induced by hypnosis, the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on motor cortex oscillation and inhibition, the effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on autonomic responses, the neuroplastic capacity of different brain stimulation modalities, and the lack of association between obesity and executive functioning. These papers provide valuable insights into various aspects of Systems Neuroscience and are worth exploring for researchers and individuals interested in these topics. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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13. Making the Best Out of IT: Design and Development of Exergames for Older Adults With Mild Neurocognitive Disorder – A Methodological Paper
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Patrick Manser and Eling D. de Bruin
- Subjects
cognition ,development ,exercise ,exergames ,neurosciences ,technology ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background: Utilizing information technology (IT) systems, for example in form of computerized cognitive screening or exergame-based (also called active videogames) training, has gained growing interest for supporting healthy aging and to detect, prevent and treat neurocognitive disorders (NCD). To ameliorate the effectiveness of exergaming, the neurobiological mechanisms as well as the most effective components for exergame-based training remain to be established. At the same time, it is important to account for the end-users’ capabilities, preferences, and therapeutic needs during the design and development process to foster the usability and acceptance of the resulting program in clinical practice. This will positively influence adherence to the resulting exergame-based training program, which, in turn, favors more distinct training-related neurobiological effects.Objectives and Methods: This methodological paper describes the design and development process of novel exergame-based training concepts guided by a recently proposed methodological framework: The ‘Multidisciplinary Iterative Design of Exergames (MIDE): A Framework for Supporting the Design, Development, and Evaluation of Exergames for Health’ (Li et al., 2020).Case Study: A step-by-step application of the MIDE-framework as a specific guidance in an ongoing project aiming to design, develop, and evaluate an exergame-based training concept with the aim to halt and/or reduce cognitive decline and improve quality of life in older adults with mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD) is illustrated.Discussion and Conclusion: The development of novel exergame-based training concepts is greatly facilitated when it is based on a theoretical framework (e.g., the MIDE-framework). Applying this framework resulted in a structured, iterative, and evidence-based approach that led to the identification of multiple key requirements for the exergame design as well as the training components that otherwise may have been overlooked or neglected. This is expected to foster the usability and acceptance of the resulting exergame intervention in “real life” settings. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to implement a theoretical framework (e.g., the MIDE-framework) for future research projects in line with well-known checklists to improve completeness of reporting and replicability when serious games for motor-cognitive rehabilitation purposes are to be developed.
- Published
- 2021
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14. Functional neuroimaging as a catalyst for integrated neuroscience.
- Author
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Finn ES, Poldrack RA, and Shine JM
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- Humans, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain physiology, Brain physiopathology, Cognitive Neuroscience methods, Cognitive Neuroscience trends, Phenotype, Functional Neuroimaging trends, Neurosciences methods, Neurosciences trends, Magnetic Resonance Imaging trends
- Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables non-invasive access to the awake, behaving human brain. By tracking whole-brain signals across a diverse range of cognitive and behavioural states or mapping differences associated with specific traits or clinical conditions, fMRI has advanced our understanding of brain function and its links to both normal and atypical behaviour. Despite this headway, progress in human cognitive neuroscience that uses fMRI has been relatively isolated from rapid advances in other subdomains of neuroscience, which themselves are also somewhat siloed from one another. In this Perspective, we argue that fMRI is well-placed to integrate the diverse subfields of systems, cognitive, computational and clinical neuroscience. We first summarize the strengths and weaknesses of fMRI as an imaging tool, then highlight examples of studies that have successfully used fMRI in each subdomain of neuroscience. We then provide a roadmap for the future advances that will be needed to realize this integrative vision. In this way, we hope to demonstrate how fMRI can help usher in a new era of interdisciplinary coherence in neuroscience., (© 2023. Crown.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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15. Reconstructing computational system dynamics from neural data with recurrent neural networks.
- Author
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Durstewitz D, Koppe G, and Thurm MI
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- Animals, Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Artificial Intelligence, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Computational models in neuroscience usually take the form of systems of differential equations. The behaviour of such systems is the subject of dynamical systems theory. Dynamical systems theory provides a powerful mathematical toolbox for analysing neurobiological processes and has been a mainstay of computational neuroscience for decades. Recently, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have become a popular machine learning tool for studying the non-linear dynamics of neural and behavioural processes by emulating an underlying system of differential equations. RNNs have been routinely trained on similar behavioural tasks to those used for animal subjects to generate hypotheses about the underlying computational mechanisms. By contrast, RNNs can also be trained on the measured physiological and behavioural data, thereby directly inheriting their temporal and geometrical properties. In this way they become a formal surrogate for the experimentally probed system that can be further analysed, perturbed and simulated. This powerful approach is called dynamical system reconstruction. In this Perspective, we focus on recent trends in artificial intelligence and machine learning in this exciting and rapidly expanding field, which may be less well known in neuroscience. We discuss formal prerequisites, different model architectures and training approaches for RNN-based dynamical system reconstructions, ways to evaluate and validate model performance, how to interpret trained models in a neuroscience context, and current challenges., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2023
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16. Proposal for a Mechanistic Disease Conceptualization in Clinical Neurosciences: The Neural Network Components (NNC) Model.
- Author
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Nassan M
- Subjects
- Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Psychiatry, Mental Disorders classification, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Abstract: Clinical neurosciences, and psychiatry specifically, have been challenged by the lack of a comprehensive and practical framework that explains the core mechanistic processes of variable psychiatric presentations. Current conceptualization and classification of psychiatric presentations are primarily centered on a non-biologically based clinical descriptive approach. Despite various attempts, advances in neuroscience research have not led to an improved conceptualization or mechanistic classification of psychiatric disorders. This perspective article proposes a new-work-in-progress-framework for conceptualizing psychiatric presentations based on neural network components (NNC). This framework could guide the development of mechanistic disease classification, improve understanding of underpinning pathology, and provide specific intervention targets. This model also has the potential to dissolve artificial barriers between the fields of psychiatry and neurology., (Copyright © 2024 President and Fellows of Harvard College.)
- Published
- 2024
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17. ACEs Are Wild: How Educators Can Positively Influence the 'Hand' Students Are Dealt
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Amanda M. Butler
- Abstract
Failing test scores in reading proficiency have been a blemish on our nation's report card for decades as scores have remained static despite the readily-available information on language and literacy attainment, and the employment of research-based strategies in classrooms. While we continue our quest to efficiently bolster reading skills, a less obvious solution may have little to do with literacy and everything to do with neuroscience. Over 60% of youths have suffered from one or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and children who experience adversity are more likely to struggle in school. Cortisol, a hormone released under stress, limits brain function and negatively impacts one's working memory, decision-making skills, and attention, all of which are required for reading proficiency. Researchers have proven that oxytocin, the "love hormone", reverses the effects of cortisol and is easily triggered in classroom settings via physical contact. By reversing the effects of cortisol, students will have the "mental real estate" to learn and retain the skills and knowledge necessary to become proficient readers. [For the full proceedings, see ED656038.]
- Published
- 2023
18. BRAIN-INSPIRED AI CODE LIBRARY PASSES MAJOR MILESTONE, NEW PAPER OFFERS PERSPECTIVE ON FUTURE OF FIELD
- Subjects
Artificial intelligence ,Neurosciences ,Machine learning ,Neural networks ,Neural network ,Artificial intelligence ,News, opinion and commentary ,University of California, Santa Cruz - Abstract
SANTA CRUZ, Calif. -- The following information was released by the University of California - Santa Cruz: By Emily Cerf Spiking neural networks, a form of low-power, brain-inspired deep learning, [...]
- Published
- 2023
19. Nervous Fictions: Literary Form and the Enlightenment Origins of Neuroscience: Jeff Keiser. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2020, 324 pp., $45.00 (e-book). ISBN: 978-0-8139-4479-1; $45.00 (paper). ISBN: 978-0-8139-4478-4; $85.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978-0-8139-4477-7
- Author
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Finger, Stanley
- Subjects
- *
LITERARY form , *FICTION , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *NEUROSCIENCES , *CORPUS callosum - Abstract
In Keiser's words, "each work depicts, in a knowingly ridiculous manner, a natural philosopher digging into brain matter in the hope of exposing the mechanisms that make the mind tick" (pp. 143-144). Keiser's focus is not on how the nerves and various brain structures appear during a dissection, which is straightforward and verifiable. Locke did not partake in the kinds of fictions Willis, Cavendish, and others were promoting about the nerve spirits. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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20. Harmful uses of patentable neurotechnology: a new regulatory approach : Proposing a framework safeguarding human rights and social responsibility for patented applications of neuroscience.
- Author
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Nadler RR, Spranger TM, Rotenberg A, Barretto TA, Hansmann J, Hemmer A, Kiss ZH, Madden JD, Strong MJ, and Illes J
- Subjects
- Humans, Neurosciences ethics, Neurosciences legislation & jurisprudence, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Patents as Topic legislation & jurisprudence, Patents as Topic ethics, Social Responsibility
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Biofabrication of Neural Organoids: An Experiential Learning Approach for Instructional Laboratories
- Author
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Caroline Cvetkovic, Sarah Lindley, Holly Golecki, and Robert Krencik
- Abstract
Biomedical engineering (BME) is a multidisciplinary, constantly advancing field; as such, undergraduate programs in BME must continually adapt. Elective courses provide opportunities for students to select topic areas relevant to their interests or future careers. Specifically, laboratory courses allow experiential learning in specialized topics in a hands-on manner that is suitable and accessible to undergraduate students. In recent years, neural engineering has emerged as a research sub-specialty within BME, and students preparing to pursue careers in this field will require a broad range of fundamental and experiential training. We sought to demonstrate this possibility by implementing a neural tissue engineering module into an existing upper-level undergraduate biofabrication elective. Organoids, which are self-assembling aggregate cell culture models that mimic a tissue or organ in both function and structure, have been made more accessible by genetic tools and commercially available resources. These experimental tools can be incorporated into basic laboratory experiments to model neurological systems that are otherwise difficult to study. In this paper, we describe the execution of this new module in which teams followed an adapted protocol for producing human neural organoids and then designed and manufactured a 3D-printed 'solution' to a common problem in the fields of neural engineering and organoid research. Additionally, we include student feedback as well as advantages, disadvantages, and opportunities for improvement of this laboratory module in future implementations. Skills gained in this project-based setting could be beneficial in subsequent capstone design courses as well as translated into future courses or graduate research studies.
- Published
- 2024
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22. Investigating the Impact of Remote Neuroanatomy Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Online Examination Performance in a National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition
- Author
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Calvin D. De Louche, Charles Taylor, Veronique B. N. Weiss, Damian Amendra, Janet Philp, Rachel Parrott, Samuel Hall, and Scott Border
- Abstract
Neuroanatomy is a notoriously challenging subject for medical students to learn. Due to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, anatomical education transitioned to an online format. We assessed student performance in, and attitudes toward, an online neuroanatomy assessment compared to an in-person equivalent, as a marker of the efficacy of remote neuroanatomy education. Participants in the National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition (NUNC) 2021 undertook two online examinations: a neuroanatomically themed multiple-choice question paper and anatomy spotter. Students completed pre- and post-examination questionnaires to gauge their attitudes toward the online competition and prior experience of online anatomical teaching/assessment. To evaluate performance, we compared scores of students who sat the online (2021) and in-person (2017) examinations, using 12 identical neuroradiology questions present in both years. Forty-six percent of NUNC 2021 participants had taken an online anatomy examination in the previous 12 months, but this did not impact examination performance significantly (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in examination scores between in-person and online examinations using the 12 neuroradiology questions (p = 0.69). Fifty percent of participants found the online format less enjoyable, with 63% citing significantly fewer networking opportunities. The online competition was less stressful for 55% of participants. This study provides some evidence to suggest that student performance is not affected when undertaking online examinations and proposes that online neuroanatomy teaching methods, particularly for neuroradiology, may be equally as effective as in-person approaches within this context. Participants perceived online examinations as less stressful but raised concerns surrounding the networking potential and enjoyment of online events.
- Published
- 2024
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23. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool for multi-perspective psychobiological study of neurophysiological correlates of parenting behaviour.
- Author
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Russo C and Senese VP
- Subjects
- Humans, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Emotions, Brain, Parenting psychology, Neurosciences
- Abstract
The quality of the relationship between caregiver and child has long-term effects on the cognitive and socio-emotional development of children. A process involved in human parenting is the bio-behavioural synchrony that occurs between the partners in the relationship during interaction. Through interaction, bio-behavioural synchronicity allows the adaptation of the physiological systems of the parent to those of the child and promotes the positive development and modelling of the child's social brain. The role of bio-behavioural synchrony in building social bonds could be investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this paper we have (a) highlighted the importance of the quality of the caregiver-child relationship for the child's cognitive and socio-emotional development, as well as the relevance of infantile stimuli in the activation of parenting behaviour; (b) discussed the tools used in the study of the neurophysiological substrates of the parental response; (c) proposed fNIRS as a particularly suitable tool for the study of parental responses; and (d) underlined the need for a multi-systemic psychobiological approach to understand the mechanisms that regulate caregiver-child interactions and their bio-behavioural synchrony. We propose to adopt a multi-system psychobiological approach to the study of parental behaviour and social interaction., (© 2022 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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24. Editorial: Electromagnetic field theories of consciousness: opportunities and obstacles.
- Author
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Hunt, Tam, Jones, Mostyn, McFadden, Johnjoe, Delorme, Arnaud, Hales, Colin G., Ericson, Marissa, and Schooler, Jonathan
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ELECTROMAGNETIC theory ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,CONSCIOUS automata ,THEORY of mind ,WEAK interactions (Nuclear physics) ,NEUROSCIENCES - Abstract
This document is an editorial that discusses the concept of electromagnetic (EM) field theories of consciousness. It highlights the growing interest in this type of solution for understanding consciousness and its philosophical and physical aspects. The document also includes summaries of various research papers on EM field theories of consciousness, which explore the role of EM fields in understanding consciousness and propose different frameworks and theories to explain its mechanisms. The papers discuss topics such as brain activity, EM field oscillations, qualia, and the boundary problem in consciousness studies. Overall, these papers contribute to the ongoing exploration of EM field theories of consciousness and offer potential avenues for further research. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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25. The Montessori Method and the Neurosequential Model in Education (NME): A Comparative Study
- Author
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Phillips, Bernadette
- Abstract
The Neurosequential Model in Education (NME) is described as a developmentally sensitive and biologically respectful approach to development and learning. This paper postulates that the NME shares many commonalities with the Montessori Method in that it, too, is developmentally sensitive and adheres to biologically respectful concepts. This paper compares some of the core principles and recommended practices of the NME with those in the Montessori Method and argues that they are consistent in many ways. The paper also examines Dr. Montessori's unique use of "sensitive periods" in development for educational purposes, in particular her use of the sensitive periods for movement, the social aspects of life, and the sensitive period for order respectively. It argues that in doing this, she was actively promoting an approach to human development and education that appears to correlate with what Dr. Bruce Perry calls a developmentally sensitive and biologically respectful approach to learning. The goal of this study is to show the science behind why many of Dr. Montessori's original practices worked and had such a positive effect on children. This knowledge should empower Montessori educators and give them the confidence to promote authentic Montessori practices in the knowledge that they are in line with current neuroscientific theories that have been shown to be beneficial to children.
- Published
- 2022
26. Leveraging Neuroscience as a Tool to Advance Architecture Pedagogy
- Author
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Motamedi, Shooka
- Abstract
The brain alone is a complex organ in which all sensory, intellectual, emotional, and intuitive perceptions take place. Today, one of the research challenges in teaching-learning science is the answer to the question of how much the application of findings from neuroscience studies on learning can be effective in improving the quality of education. Where are the overlaps between the language of neuroscience and the science of teaching-learning? While previous teachings have emphasized the importance of schemas or mental formats as a new learning infrastructure, cognitive neuroscience looks at how knowledge, insight, and experience are processed in the brain and how neural connections in the brain provide new learning. The information encoded in the hippocampus can form schemas reliably in institutionalized neocortical networks. How can these mechanisms be used to improve education, especially architecture education? The current insights from the basic and applied research of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and teaching-learning science research promise a change in educating architects. This article introduces the commonalities of neuroscience, cognitive studies, and architectural education. [For the full proceedings, see ED631133.]
- Published
- 2022
27. Proceedings of International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (IConSES) (Austin, Texas, October 13-16, 2022). Volume 1
- Author
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Shelley, Mack, Akerson, Valarie, Sahin, Ismail, Shelley, Mack, Akerson, Valarie, Sahin, Ismail, and International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization
- Abstract
"Proceedings of International Conference on Social and Education Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (IConSES), which took place on October 13-16, 2022, in Austin, Texas. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and social sciences. The IConSES invites submissions that address the theory, research, or applications in all disciplines of education and social sciences. The IConSES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and social sciences, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals, and all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2022
28. A Memory Palace for Brain Anatomy and Function Represented in Virtual Reality
- Author
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International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Blais, Ludivine, Qorbani, Hossain Samar, Arya, Ali, and Davies, Jim
- Abstract
Memory palaces are effective tools for learning vast amounts of information in a canonical order using mnemonics. However, our review of the literature revealed a lack of implementation and user study of memory palace in Virtual Reality (VR) for neuroscience education. VR technology enables us to build highly interactive virtual learning spaces that are engaging and interesting. As a result, we implemented a web-based version of VR (known as WebXR) to help students about brain regions for the first time including the name, function, and location of each brain part.
- Published
- 2022
29. Dynamical flexible inference of nonlinear latent factors and structures in neural population activity.
- Author
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Abbaspourazad H, Erturk E, Pesaran B, and Shanechi MM
- Subjects
- Neural Networks, Computer, Nonlinear Dynamics, Brain, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Modelling the spatiotemporal dynamics in the activity of neural populations while also enabling their flexible inference is hindered by the complexity and noisiness of neural observations. Here we show that the lower-dimensional nonlinear latent factors and latent structures can be computationally modelled in a manner that allows for flexible inference causally, non-causally and in the presence of missing neural observations. To enable flexible inference, we developed a neural network that separates the model into jointly trained manifold and dynamic latent factors such that nonlinearity is captured through the manifold factors and the dynamics can be modelled in tractable linear form on this nonlinear manifold. We show that the model, which we named 'DFINE' (for 'dynamical flexible inference for nonlinear embeddings') achieves flexible inference in simulations of nonlinear dynamics and across neural datasets representing a diversity of brain regions and behaviours. Compared with earlier neural-network models, DFINE enables flexible inference, better predicts neural activity and behaviour, and better captures the latent neural manifold structure. DFINE may advance the development of neurotechnology and investigations in neuroscience., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2024
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30. An Information-Theoretic Account of Availability Effects in Language Production.
- Author
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Futrell R
- Subjects
- Humans, Language, Communication, Psycholinguistics, Neurosciences
- Abstract
I present a computational-level model of language production in terms of a combination of information theory and control theory in which words are chosen incrementally in order to maximize communicative value subject to an information-theoretic capacity constraint. The theory generally predicts a tradeoff between ease of production and communicative accuracy. I apply the theory to two cases of apparent availability effects in language production, in which words are selected on the basis of their accessibility to a speaker who has not yet perfectly planned the rest of the utterance. Using corpus data on English relative clause complementizer dropping and experimental data on Mandarin noun classifier choice, I show that the theory reproduces the observed phenomena, providing an alternative account to Uniform Information Density and a promising general model of language production which is tightly linked to emerging theories in computational neuroscience., (© 2023 The Authors. Topics in Cognitive Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Cognitive Science Society.)
- Published
- 2024
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31. A biologist, a psychologist, and a computer scientist review a paper...
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Sharot, Tali
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER scientists , *PSYCHOLOGISTS , *BIOLOGISTS , *LANGUAGE models , *NEUROSCIENCES - Abstract
This document, published in Science Advances, discusses the challenges of multidisciplinary research in the field of neuroscience. The author emphasizes the importance of drawing on various disciplines to understand the mind and brain. However, the review process can be challenging due to different norms, philosophies, and standards of assessment in different fields. The author suggests tools such as cross-review and involving authors in the editorial process to address these challenges. The document also highlights the importance of collaboration across disciplines in advancing neuroscience knowledge. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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32. Application and Challenges of Eye Tracking Technology in Higher Education
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Sáiz-Manzanares, María Consuelo, Marticorena-Sánchez, Raúl, Martín-Antón, Luis-J, Almeida, Leandro, and Carbonero-Martín, Miguel-Ángel
- Abstract
Advances in neuro-technology provide new insights into how individual students learn in educational contexts. However, applying it poses challenges for teachers in natural settings. This paper presents an example of the use and applicability of eye-tracking technology in Higher Education. We worked with a sample of 20 students from three universities (Burgos and Valladolid in Spain and Miño in Portugal). The objectives were: (1) to determine whether there were significant differences in indicators of cognitive effort (FC, FD, SC, PD, VC) found with eye-tracking technology between students with and without prior knowledge; (2) to determine whether there were clusters of learning behavior patterns among students; and (3) to analyze differences in the visualization of behavior patterns. A quasi-experimental design without a control group and a descriptive design were used. The results indicated significant differences in learning outcomes between students with and without prior knowledge. In addition, two clusters were found in indicators of cognitive effort. Finally, a comparative analysis of learning behavior patterns between students in cluster 1 vs. cluster 2 was performed. Eye-tracking technology makes it possible to record large data about the learning process. However, using it in natural educational settings currently requires teachers to have technological and data mining skills.
- Published
- 2023
33. Call for Papers
- Author
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Paul, Edison
- Subjects
Neurology ,Neurosciences ,Brain ,Humans ,Neuroimaging - Published
- 2022
34. Functional genomics and systems biology in human neuroscience.
- Author
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Konopka G and Bhaduri A
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain metabolism, Models, Biological, Genomics trends, Neurosciences methods, Neurosciences trends, Systems Biology trends
- Abstract
Neuroscience research has entered a phase of key discoveries in the realm of neurogenomics owing to strong financial and intellectual support for resource building and tool development. The previous challenge of tissue heterogeneity has been met with the application of techniques that can profile individual cells at scale. Moreover, the ability to perturb genes, gene regulatory elements and neuronal activity in a cell-type-specific manner has been integrated with gene expression studies to uncover the functional underpinnings of the genome at a systems level. Although these insights have necessarily been grounded in model systems, we now have the opportunity to apply these approaches in humans and in human tissue, thanks to advances in human genetics, brain imaging and tissue collection. We acknowledge that there will probably always be limits to the extent to which we can apply the genomic tools developed in model systems to human neuroscience; however, as we describe in this Perspective, the neuroscience field is now primed with an optimal foundation for tackling this ambitious challenge. The application of systems-level network analyses to these datasets will facilitate a deeper appreciation of human neurogenomics that cannot otherwise be achieved from directly observable phenomena., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
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35. Understanding and Supporting Learners with Specific Learning Difficulties from a Neurodiversity Perspective: A Narrative Synthesis
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Sewell, Alexandra
- Abstract
Academic and practice-based research constructs specific learning difficulties as a collection of lifelong, within-person conditions that negatively affect learning and daily functioning. Investigation has historically adopted a medical model, specifically a neurodeficit perspective. Conversely, neurodiversity has emerged as a concept that seeks to understand these conditions as part of a person's identity, challenging cures and remediation, and promoting the importance of understanding those with diagnoses as possessing personal differences and strengths. This paper presents a narrative synthesis that collated and analysed current research and scholarship that sought to understand specific learning difficulties from a neurodiversity perspective, thus offering an original contribution to the existing literature. The review focused on three specific learning difficulties: dyslexia, dyspraxia and dyscalculia. Thematic analysis of papers included in the review led to the construction of three major themes, concluding that further neurodiverse research and scholarship is required.
- Published
- 2022
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36. Kaiako Perspectives on Professional Learning and Development in Structured Literacy in Maori-Medium Settings: A Case Study
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Amy Smith and Melissa Derby
- Abstract
This paper examines how kaiako (teachers) view professional learning and development training (PLD) in structured literacy (SL) in a Maori-medium immersion context. Through interviews with kaiako in a kura kaupapa Maori (Maori-medium educational setting) who teach students in Years 1-6, and images of the literacy environment to capture some of the literacy practices in classrooms, participants share their perspectives on their PLD training. The findings revealed some of the difficulties kaiako face, such as limited resources and working within a standardisded curriculum, whilst attempting to implement changes based on their PLD training. The findings highlight the need for support from all stakeholders (including policy makers and the school leadership team) to successfully implement SL in Maori-medium settings. The need for further resources in Maori-medium settings and the challenge of making changes to a standardised curriculum also emerged from the study. Finally, the findings indicate some of the potential benefits of PLD in SL for Maori-medium educators and akonga (students), such as an understanding of how the brain learns to read, some of the key elements of reading success, and instructional principles for effective literacy instruction.
- Published
- 2023
37. Current and Future Perspectives of the Cerebellum in Affective Neuroscience.
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Adamaszek M, Manto M, and Schutter DJLG
- Subjects
- Cerebellum physiology, Emotions, Humans, Prefrontal Cortex, Cerebellar Diseases psychology, Neurosciences
- Abstract
The importance of the cerebellum in basic as well as higher order domains of affect processing in the brain has been vividly elaborated and specified by the contributions collected in this book. Indeed, according to increasingly precise research findings in functional neuroimaging and functional neurophysiology, individually delineable areas of the cerebellum play a role in virtually all process levels of the responsible networks of emotion perception, attribution, and experience via a variety of reciprocal connections to the limbic system and distinct areas of the parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. The works in this book identify alternative perspectives in neuroscience research that offer new directions in future investigations. Important aspects will be to pin down the precise cerebellar processes in multiple sensory integration and allocation in cognitive and affective evaluation, and also cognitive-affective as well as motor behavioral responses. In this context, imaging and electrophysiological techniques will highlight the spatial and temporal, and thus the topographic and topological, specificities of the cerebellar areas to the respective networks. In the final chapter, questions and suggestions for future neuroscientific investigations are identified, from whose developments several fields of neurological and psychological disciplines could benefit in order to open up therapeutic avenues for people with cerebellar disorders., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2022
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38. Natural Language Processing Applications in the Clinical Neurosciences: A Machine Learning Augmented Systematic Review.
- Author
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Buchlak QD, Esmaili N, Bennett C, and Farrokhi F
- Subjects
- Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Natural language processing (NLP), a domain of artificial intelligence (AI) that models human language, has been used in medicine to automate diagnostics, detect adverse events, support decision making and predict clinical outcomes. However, applications to the clinical neurosciences appear to be limited. NLP has matured with the implementation of deep transformer models (e.g., XLNet, BERT, T5, and RoBERTa) and transfer learning. The objectives of this study were to (1) systematically review NLP applications in the clinical neurosciences, and (2) explore NLP analysis to facilitate literature synthesis, providing clear examples to demonstrate the potential capabilities of these technologies for a clinical audience. Our NLP analysis consisted of keyword identification, text summarization and document classification. A total of 48 articles met inclusion criteria. NLP has been applied in the clinical neurosciences to facilitate literature synthesis, data extraction, patient identification, automated clinical reporting and outcome prediction. The number of publications applying NLP has increased rapidly over the past five years. Document classifiers trained to differentiate included and excluded articles demonstrated moderate performance (XLNet AUC = 0.66, BERT AUC = 0.59, RoBERTa AUC = 0.62). The T5 transformer model generated acceptable abstract summaries. The application of NLP has the potential to enhance research and practice in the clinical neurosciences., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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39. New paper from BU Speech Neuroscience Lab explains science behind stuttering
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Pitcher, Hailey
- Subjects
Neurosciences ,News, opinion and commentary ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
Byline: Hailey Pitcher The Guenther Lab, a neuroscience lab researching speech movement at Boston University, published a scientific paper late last semester connecting stutters with a malfunction in the brain's [...]
- Published
- 2022
40. The history of Danish neuroscience.
- Author
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Paulson OB, Schousboe A, and Hultborn H
- Subjects
- Humans, Denmark, History, 20th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 17th Century, Neurosciences history, Psychiatry history
- Abstract
The history of Danish neuroscience starts with an account of impressive contributions made at the 17th century. Thomas Bartholin was the first Danish neuroscientist, and his disciple Nicolaus Steno became internationally one of the most prominent neuroscientists in this period. From the start, Danish neuroscience was linked to clinical disciplines. This continued in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries with new initiatives linking basic neuroscience to clinical neurology and psychiatry in the same scientific environment. Subsequently, from the middle of the 20th century, basic neuroscience was developing rapidly within the preclinical university sector. Clinical neuroscience continued and was even reinforced during this period with important translational research and a close co-operation between basic and clinical neuroscience. To distinguish 'history' from 'present time' is not easy, as many historical events continue in present time. Therefore, we decided to consider 'History' as new major scientific developments in Denmark, which were launched before the end of the 20th century. With this aim, scientists mentioned will have been born, with a few exceptions, no later than the early 1960s. However, we often refer to more recent publications in documenting the developments of initiatives launched before the end of the last century. In addition, several scientists have moved to Denmark after the beginning of the present century, and they certainly are contributing to the present status of Danish neuroscience-but, again, this is not the History of Danish neuroscience., (© 2023 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Brain-Based Learning: Beliefs and Practice in One Australian Primary School Implementing a Neuroscience Pedagogical Framework
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Deans, Christina and Larsen, Ellen
- Abstract
Pedagogy grounded in neuroscience is an influential approach in Australian schools, despite concerns regarding teachers' beliefs in several neuromyths that go on to pervade their practice. This paper reports on a small study that explored teachers' beliefs and implementation of brain-based learning in one Australian primary school whose pedagogy is specifically underpinned by neuroscience. Survey data collected from 14 teachers were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and content analysis. Findings indicated that these teachers, despite having some accurate brainbased knowledge, were still prone to endorsing common neuromyths regardless of the school's teaching and learning framework, years at the school, overall teaching experience or level of qualification, with beliefs influencing classroom practice whether correct or misinformed. Further, school professional learning and universities were listed as primary sources of information for these teachers. This study underscores the importance of schools and universities providing opportunities for timely and up-to-date professional learning.
- Published
- 2022
42. Shortcut citations in the methods section: Frequency, problems, and strategies for responsible reuse.
- Author
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Standvoss, Kai, Kazezian, Vartan, Lewke, Britta R., Bastian, Kathleen, Chidambaram, Shambhavi, Arafat, Subhi, Alsharif, Ubai, Herrera-Melendez, Ana, Knipper, Anna-Delia, Seco, Bruna M. S., Soto, Nina Nitzan, Rakitzis, Orestis, Steinecker, Isa, van Kronenberg Till, Philipp, Zarebidaki, Fereshteh, Abbasi, Parya, and Weissgerber, Tracey L.
- Subjects
NEUROSCIENCES ,BASIC needs - Abstract
Methods sections are often missing essential details. Methodological shortcut citations, in which authors cite previous papers instead of describing the method in detail, may contribute to this problem. This meta-research study used 3 approaches to examine shortcut citation use in neuroscience, biology, and psychiatry. First, we assessed current practices in more than 750 papers. More than 90% of papers used shortcut citations. Other common reasons for using citations in the methods included giving credit or specifying what was used (who or what citation) and providing context or a justification (why citation). Next, we reviewed 15 papers to determine what can happen when readers follow shortcut citations to find methodological details. While shortcut citations can be used effectively, they can also deprive readers of essential methodological details. Problems encountered included difficulty identifying or accessing the cited materials, missing or insufficient descriptions of the cited method, and shortcut citation chains. Third, we examined journal policies. Fewer than one quarter of journals had policies describing how authors should report previously described methods. We propose that methodological shortcut citations should meet 3 criteria; cited resources should provide (1) a detailed description of (2) the method used by the citing authors', and (3) be open access. Resources that do not meet these criteria should be cited to give credit, but not as shortcut citations. We outline actions that authors and journals can take to use shortcut citations responsibly, while fostering a culture of open and reproducible methods reporting. Methods sections often lack critical details needed to reproduce an experiment; the practice of citing previous papers instead of describing the methods in detail may contribute to this problem. An analysis of >800 papers across three fields shows that >90% of papers use at least one shortcut citation, that these significantly impair reconstruction of the original method, and that <25% of journals have policies relating to previously described methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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43. Infants and Toddlers at Work: Using Reggio-Inspired Materials to Support Brain Development. Second Edition. Early Childhood Education Series
- Author
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Lewin-Benham, Ann and Lewin-Benham, Ann
- Abstract
Now in a second edition, this popular resource shows teachers and childcare providers how to work with young children based on current neuroscience research. Revised and expanded, it contains a wealth of practical and specific activities and materials to use with infants and toddlers to enhance growth and development. For each activity presented, the text examines its relation to the rapid brain growth that characterizes the 0 to 3 years, including major developments in sensory reception, movement, language, cognition, memory, vision, and motivation. Featured materials, with guidance for their use and where to find them, include paint, mark-makers, man-made found objects, natural objects, clay, paper, and light and shadow. This edition features many full color images and two new chapters on using electronic technology with infants and toddlers written by outstanding early educators. This is an essential guide for trainers and professionals who work with very young children, as well as parents and other caregivers. This book features: (1) The interpretation of current neuroscience as a supplement to the wisdom of excellent early childhood educators; (2) Numerous vignettes of teachers at work with young children inspired by the experiences of lifelong early educator Ann Lewin-Benham; (3) New ideas regarding the responsible introduction of electronic technology to young children; (4) Original color photos of children learning with traditional materials such as paint, clay, and fabric, as well as with electronic devices such as cameras and computers; and (5) Insights and practices of renowned cognitive psychologists, including Stanislas Dehaene. [Foreword written by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. For the first edition, see ED525593.]
- Published
- 2023
44. Systems Neuroscience 2021 Top Papers: An Editorial Summary.
- Author
-
Slavin, Konstantin V.
- Subjects
NEUROSCIENCES ,TRANSCRANIAL alternating current stimulation ,MENTAL work - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Implications of Postmaterialist Theories of Consciousness for Psychiatry: Towards an Integral Paradigm
- Author
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Lake, James
- Abstract
Mental health professionals can help patients understand exceptional and paranormal experiences, integrate them into day-to-day life, and cope with confusion and anxiety that sometimes accompany them. However, a broader clinical perspective and specialized training in clinical parapsychology is needed. In the first part of the paper I argue that psychiatry as currently practiced is limited because it embraces a strictly materialist paradigm, emphasizes treatment over prevention, and relies principally on pharmaceuticals that are often ineffective and/or unsafe. A paradigm shift in psychiatry is taking place that will soon lead to novel concepts of energy and innovations in therapeutic approaches. In the second part of the paper I review the ongoing debate over consciousness, implications of novel understandings of energy for psychiatry, and research findings in physics, neuroscience and parapsychology that are contributing to a postmaterialist paradigm in psychiatry. I comment on an important problem in the philosophy of science called Hempel's dilemma and argue that future scientific theories of consciousness will probably encounter similar conceptual limits to those faced by current theories. Following Beauregard, Trent and Schwartz (2018) I argue that different categories of theories may be needed to adequately explain the variety of human experiences and I propose an integral paradigm that acknowledges the validity of both conventional scientific explanations and postmaterialist theories of consciousness. Finally, I discuss implications of postmaterialism for research, education and training in psychiatry.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Brain-Based Learning Research for Adult Education and Human Resource Development
- Author
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Jang, Chang Sung, Lim, Doo Hun, You, Jieun, and Cho, Sungbum
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reveal how research on brain-based learning (BBL) addressing adult learners' education and training issues has contributed to the overall knowledge base linking neuroscience, adult education and human resource development (HRD) research and practices. Through this comprehensive review of the BBL studies, this paper aims to expand the landscape of understanding educational phenomenon in adult education and organizational settings using the lens of neuroscience. Design/methodology/approach: Using the content analysis method, this study extracts key research themes and methodological choices from the body of BBL studies. In addition, this paper explores the relationships and proximity among key concepts of BBL research using keyword network analysis. For data analysis, this study reviews the current literature on BBL addressing both adult education and HRD topics from 1985 to 2019. Findings: The findings of this study provide a clearer picture of the potential mechanisms of BBL approaches observed in the literature of adult education and HRD. What has been found from the thematic analysis is that addressing misconceptions about the neuroscience of learning is regarded as an important topic. In terms of the methodological approaches, the literature review was a dominantly used method, whereas experimental or quantitative research has yet to be fully performed. Influential keywords and topics obtained from the keyword network analysis reveal the primary foci and structural patterns of current BBL research. Originality/value: This study makes a significant contribution to theories and research in adult education and HRD scholarship as it provides an integrative view of key research themes and major issues about BBL. Additionally, our findings offer practical insights for adult educators and HR professionals to successfully apply neuroscientific approaches.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Confronting racially exclusionary practices in the acquisition and analyses of neuroimaging data.
- Author
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Ricard JA, Parker TC, Dhamala E, Kwasa J, Allsop A, and Holmes AJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Research Design, Neuroimaging, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Across the brain sciences, institutions and individuals have begun to actively acknowledge and address the presence of racism, bias, and associated barriers to inclusivity within our community. However, even with these recent calls to action, limited attention has been directed to inequities in the research methods and analytic approaches we use. The very process of science, including how we recruit, the methodologies we utilize and the analyses we conduct, can have marked downstream effects on the equity and generalizability of scientific discoveries across the global population. Despite our best intentions, the use of field-standard approaches can inadvertently exclude participants from engaging in research and yield biased brain-behavior relationships. To address these pressing issues, we discuss actionable ways and important questions to move the fields of neuroscience and psychology forward in designing better studies to address the history of exclusionary practices in human brain mapping., (© 2022. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Neuroeducation and Mathematics: The Formation of New Educational Practices.
- Author
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Lekati E and Doukakis S
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain, Students, Mathematics, Learning, Neurosciences education
- Abstract
Recent research in educational neuroscience has established the correlation between the way the human brain works and the process of perceiving and learning mathematical concepts. In this chapter, a research approach is proposed, based on the principles of educational neuroscience, and focuses on the way students deal with new knowledge in mathematics. Initially, using neuroscientific techniques and a multidimensional approach to new knowledge, data will be collected from students. By collecting neurophysiological measurements and analyzing the data, an attempt will be made to formulate learning paths for a better understanding of fractional concepts, based on the needs of each student., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Interdisciplinarity in Cognitive Science: A Document Similarity Analysis.
- Author
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Alasehir O and Acarturk C
- Subjects
- Humans, Cognitive Science, Philosophy, Interdisciplinary Studies, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Cognitive science was established as an interdisciplinary domain of research in the 1970s. Since then, the domain has flourished, despite disputes concerning its interdisciplinarity. Multiple methods exist for the assessment of interdisciplinary research. The present study proposes a methodology for quantifying interdisciplinary aspects of research in cognitive science. We propose models for text similarity analysis that provide helpful information about the relationship between publications and their specific research fields, showing potential as a robust measure of interdisciplinarity. We designed and developed models utilizing the Doc2Vec method for analyzing cognitive science and related fields. Our findings reveal that cognitive science collaborates closely with most constituent disciplines. For instance, we found a balanced engagement between several constituent fields-including psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science-that contribute significantly to cognitive science. On the other hand, anthropology and neuroscience have made limited contributions. In our analysis, we find that the scholarly domain of cognitive science has been exhibiting overt interdisciplinary for the past several decades., (© 2022 Cognitive Science Society LLC.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. How Do We Learn Mathematics? A Framework for a Theoretical and Practical Model
- Author
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Olkun, Sinan
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective learning environment for the initial stages of mathematical learning. Basic numerical skills and the objects and actions that trigger those skills are conceptualized as a mathematics-learning environment. We discuss numerical learning mechanism and the basic skills and environments we use to learn numbers briefly within the human cognition system. The three subsystems of number, i.e., exact number system, approximate number system and access to symbol system, are explained with reference to basic number competencies. They are discussed within the framework of "number sense" by drawing evidences from the neuroscience and mathematics education literature. Finally, how to manipulate the components of these subsystems for an effective learning of number is exemplified in a proposed model of mathematical learning environment.
- Published
- 2022
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