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The idea behind density-based clustering is to associate groups to the connected components of the level sets of the density of the data to be estimated by a nonparametric method. This approach claims some advantages over both distance- and model-based clustering. Some researchers developed this technique by proposing a graph theory–based method for identifying local modes of the underlying density being estimated by the well-known kernel density estimation (KDE) with normal and t kernels. The present work proposes a semi-parametric KDE with a more flexible family of kernels including skew-normal (SN) and skew-t (ST). We show that the proposed estimator not only reduces boundary bias but it is also closer to the actual density compared to that of the usual estimator employing the Gaussian kernel. Finding optimal bandwidth for one-dimensional and multidimensional cases under the mentioned asymmetric kernels is another main result of this paper where we shrink the bandwidth more than the one obtained under the normal assumption. Finally, through a comprehensive numerical study, we will illustrate the application of the proposed semi-parametric KDE on the density-based clustering using some simulated and real data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dirichlet distribution is a well-known candidate in modeling compositional data sets. However, in the presence of outliers, the Dirichlet distribution fails to model such data sets, making other model extensions necessary. In this paper, the Kummer–Dirichlet distribution and the gamma distribution are coupled, using the beta-generating technique. This development results in the proposal of the Kummer–Dirichlet gamma distribution, which presents greater flexibility in modeling compositional data sets. Some general properties, such as the probability density functions and the moments are presented for this new candidate. The method of maximum likelihood is applied in the estimation of the parameters. The usefulness of this model is demonstrated through the application of synthetic and real data sets, where outliers are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]