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Sertraline is one of the most commonly used antidepressant pharmaceuticals with ubiquitous distribution in the aqueous environment. However, the environmental behavior of sertraline in the co-presence of low-molecular-weight organic acid (LMWOA) and iron oxide mineral is still poorly understood. In this study, the photodegradation of sertraline was systematically investigated in a common photosensitizing system (ferrihydrite (Fh)-LMWOA). Six LMWOAs, including citrate acid (CA), tartrate acid (TA), malate acid (MA), lactate acid (LA), succinate acid (SA) and malonic acid (MOA) were chosen as the representatives. Our results implied that the different Fe3+ dissolution rates would lead to rather different sertraline degradation patterns following the order of Fh-CA > Fh-TA > Fh-MA > Fh-LA > Fh-SA > Fh-MOA. The reaction was initiated by the interaction between LMWOA and Fh via ligand-promoted-dissolution mechanism. Furthermore, the Fe3+ dissolution rates also showed a strong correlation with the metal-organic complexation constants, indicating that the photodegradation process is strongly related to the complexation ability of LMWOA with Fe3+. •OH, O 2 •- and CO 2 •- were detected, indicating that they contributed to the photodegradation of sertraline. •OH was demonstrated to be the dominant Reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the degradation of sertraline, and the detailed transformation pathways were proposed based on the product analysis and theoretical calculation. According to the ecological structure activity relationship estimation, the photodegradation products of sertraline possessed lower toxicity compared to the parent compound. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental fate of sertraline and evaluate its potential ecotoxicity in natural systems. [Display omitted] • Sertraline could be photodegraded by the Fh-LMWOA system. • Different rates of Fe3+ dissolution would lead to rather different sertraline photodegradation. • The photodegradation process was also related to the complexation ability of LMWOAs with Fe3+. • •OH, O 2 •- and CO 2 •- make the decisive contribution in sertraline elimination. • The toxicity of sertraline photolysis products was reduced in the Fh-LMWOA system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alpha herpesvirus that causes pseudorabies. After 2011, new and more pathogenic PRV variants have caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. In addition, people have been reported to be infected with PRV. Therefore, developing new anti-PRV drugs is of great significance. In this study, we investigated the anti-PRV activity of Hippophae rhamnoides polysaccharides (HRP) in vitro. We found that HRP could significantly inhibit the infectivity of the PRV XJ5 strain in PK15 cells. Addition of HRP at different times of the virus life cycle mainly led to the inhibition of the adsorption and entry of virus into the cells. Our results revealed that HRP can reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in PRV-infected PK15 cells and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These results suggested that HRP can reduce PRV infection-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, HRP may act as an antiviral drug against newly emerging PRV variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ratio of ligand to Cu(II) ions has an essential effect on the geometrical configuration and anti-tumour activity of metal-based complexes. In this work, we synthesised two Cu(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes, namely, [Cu(L)(Cl)] (C1) and [Cu 3 (L) 2 (Cl) 4 ] (C2), by controlling the ratio of Cu(II) ion to ligand, to evaluate their anti-tumour activity. The ability of C1 to catalyze hydrogen peroxide to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly higher than that of Cu(II) ion. Moreover, the bridge of Cu(II) and two molecules generated a new complex (C2), which, in contrast to C1 , enhanced the generation of Fenton-like-triggered ROS. Consequently, the produced ROS depleted reduced glutathione, caused oxidative cell stress and promoted apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. In addition, C2 exhibited better tumour suppression than C1 in a nude mouse tumour xenograft model. The ratio of ligand to Cu(II) ions has an essential effect on the geometrical configuration and anti-tumour activity of metal-based complexes. [Display omitted] • Cu(II) complexes Fenton catalyzes hydrogen peroxide. • Cu(II) complexes significantly increased the intracellular oxidation level. • Cu(II) complexes activates caspase 3/7/9. • Cu(II) complexes promote apoptosis. • Synergistic effect of thiosemicarbazone chelator agent with Cu(II) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]