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This document is an editorial from the International Journal of Molecular Sciences titled "Pathology, Diagnosis, and Management of Sarcoma." The editorial discusses the challenges in investigating sarcoma due to its rarity and heterogeneity. It highlights recent advancements in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of sarcomas, including molecular genetic techniques and immunohistochemical markers. The editorial also presents research on specific types of sarcomas, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, and explores potential therapeutic approaches for soft tissue sarcomas. Additionally, it discusses targeted protein degradation as a promising pharmacological modality for sarcoma treatment. Overall, the editorial provides valuable insights into the current understanding and management of sarcomas. [Extracted from the article]

Background: A sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is an uncommon tumor of the deep soft tissue. An SEF has been described as a low-grade tumor with high local recurrence and metastatic rates. Generally, in bone and soft tissue tumors, a resection of the biopsy route is recommended; however, there is limited evidence with respect to the dissemination of the tumor tissue during a needle biopsy. Case presentation: A mass in the right pelvic cavity, with no symptoms, was observed in a 45-year-old woman during a gynecological examination. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a multilocular mass with calcification in the pelvic cavity. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an iso-signal intensity on T1 weighted images and hypo- and iso-signal intensity on T2 weighted images. The CT-guided core needle biopsy was performed using a dorsal approach, and the biopsy diagnosis was a low-grade spindle cell tumor. The tumor was excised using an anterior approach. The tumor tissue comprised spindle cells and epithelioid cells with irregular nuclei, and the immunohistological analysis was positive for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen, which was consistent with a diagnosis of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. Five years after the surgery, the MRI showed a tumor recurrence in the subcutaneous tissue of the right buttock, which was consistent with the needle biopsy tract. The patient underwent a tumor excision, and the resected tumor was similar to the primary tumor. Conclusions: The recurrent tumor was excised with a surgical margin, and the tumor specimen had the histological features of a sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. It was difficult to investigate the association of the core needle biopsy with the tumor recurrence because the approach of the biopsy tract is usually same as that used in a tumor excision. However, the present case indicated the tumor may recur in the biopsy tract of a soft tissue sarcoma. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of disseminating tumor tissues in a needle biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. We report a retrospective case series analysis of clinical outcomes of patients with soft tissue sarcoma around the elbow. Methods. Twenty-two patients underwent surgical tumor excision between January 1999 and May 2017, with a mean follow-up of 85.2 months. Results. Six tumors were localized in the upper arm, nine in the elbow, and seven in the forearm. Sixteen tumors were deep-seated, and six were superficially located. Fifteen patients underwent wide excision, including one amputation, and 18 achieved (81.8%) negative margins histologically. Two local recurrences and four distant metastases developed. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 92.0% (range, 33.3–100). The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate, metastasis-free survival rate, and overall survival rate were 90.0%, 77.0%, and 79.7%, respectively. Conclusions. Local control and limb function can have favorable outcomes when the tumor excised has a histologically negative margin without sacrificing the major structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]