3 results on '"Huang, Xu"'
Search Results
2. N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor and inflammation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
- Author
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Rahman T, Purves-Tyson T, Geddes AE, Huang XF, Newell KA, and Weickert CS
- Subjects
- Cerebral Cortex metabolism, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Humans, Inflammation, Prefrontal Cortex diagnostic imaging, Prefrontal Cortex metabolism, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate genetics, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate metabolism, Schizophrenia diagnostic imaging, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Lower N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) GluN1 subunit levels and heightened neuroinflammation are found in the cortex in schizophrenia. Since neuroinflammation can lead to changes in NMDAR function, it is possible that these observations are linked in schizophrenia. We aimed to extend our previous studies by measuring molecular indices of NMDARs that define key functional properties of this receptor - particularly the ratio of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits - in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from schizophrenia and control cases (37/37). We sought to test whether changes in these measures are specific to the subset of schizophrenia cases with high levels of inflammation-related mRNAs, defined as a high inflammatory subgroup. Quantitative autoradiography was used to detect 'functional' NMDARs ([
3 H]MK-801), GluN1-coupled-GluN2A subunits ([3 H]CGP-39653), and GluN1-coupled-GluN2B subunits ([3 H]Ifenprodil). Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure NMDAR subunit transcripts (GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B). The ratios of GluN2A:GluN2B binding and GRIN2A:GRIN2B mRNAs were calculated as an index of putative NMDAR composition. We found: 1) GluN2A binding, and 2) the ratios of GluN2A:GluN2B binding and GRIN2A:GRIN2B mRNAs were lower in schizophrenia cases versus controls (p < 0.05), and 3) lower GluN2A:GluN2B binding and GRIN2A:GRIN2B mRNA ratios were exaggerated in the high inflammation/schizophrenia subgroup compared to the low inflammation/control subgroup (p < 0.05). No other NMDAR-related indices were significantly changed in the high inflammation/schizophrenia subgroup. This suggests that neuroinflammation may alter NMDAR stoichiometry rather than targeting total NMDAR levels overall, and future studies could aim to determine if anti-inflammatory treatment can alleviate this aspect of NMDAR-related pathology., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2022
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3. Olanzapine Induces Inflammation and Immune Response via Activating ER Stress in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex.
- Author
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Li WT, Huang XF, Deng C, Zhang BH, Qian K, He M, and Sun TL
- Subjects
- Animals, Apoptosis drug effects, Disease Models, Animal, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Humans, I-kappa B Kinase genetics, Immunity drug effects, Immunity genetics, Inflammation chemically induced, Inflammation genetics, Inflammation pathology, Interleukin-1beta genetics, Interleukin-6 genetics, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II genetics, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Prefrontal Cortex drug effects, Prefrontal Cortex pathology, Rats, Schizophrenia complications, Schizophrenia genetics, Schizophrenia pathology, Signal Transduction drug effects, Toll-Like Receptor 2 genetics, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress genetics, Inflammation metabolism, Olanzapine pharmacology, Prefrontal Cortex metabolism, Schizophrenia drug therapy
- Abstract
Objective: Antipsychotics, in particular olanzapine, are first-line medications for schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important region for antipsychotics' therapeutic effects. The PFC inflammatory and immune pathways are associated with schizophrenia pathogenesis. However, the effect of antipsychotics on the inflammatory and immune pathways in the PFC remains unclear. We aimed to examined the time-dependent effect of olanzapine on inflammatory and immune markers in the PFC of rats. Since the inflammatory and immune pathways are related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we further investigated whether or not olanzapine-induced inflammation and immune responses were related to ER stress., Methods: Expression of pro-inflammatory markers including IkappaB kinase β (IKKβ), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, and immune-related proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) were examined by Western blotting., Results: Olanzapine treatments for 1, 8 and 36 days significantly activated the inflammatory IKKβ/NFκB signaling, and increased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and immune-related proteins such as iNOS, TLR4 and CD14. Olanzapine treatment for 1 day, 8 and 36 days also induced ER stress in the PFC. Co-treatment with an ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyrate, inhibited olanzapine-induced inflammation and the immune response in the PFC., Conclusion: These results suggested olanzapine exposure could be a factor that induces central inflammation and immunological abnormities in schizophrenia subjects. Olanzapine induces PFC inflammation and immune response, possibly via activating ER stress signaling., (© 2021. Huazhong University of Science and Technology.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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