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Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two quantitative, environment-friendly and easily monitored assays for Ni (II) and Co (III) ions analysis in different lipstick samples collected from 500-Iraqi dinars stores located in Baghdad were introduced. The study was based on the reaction of nickel (II) ions with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) reagent and the reaction of cobalt (III) ions with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (NN) reagent to produce colored products. The color change was measured by spectrophotometric method at 565 nm and 430 nm for Ni and Co, respectively, with linear calibration graphs in the concentration range 0.25-100 mg L-1 (Ni) and 0.5-100 mg L -1 (Co) and LOD and LOQ of 0.11 mg L-1 and 0.36 mg L-1 (Ni), and 0.15 mg L-1 and 0.49 mg L-1 (Co). The UV/VIS data was compared to the results obtained by a novel microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) platform offering in-situ and cost-effect assay with a similar calibration graph with LOD and LOQ of 0.21 mg L-1 and 0.70 mg L-1 (Ni), and 0.22 mg L-1 and 0.75 mg L-1 (Co). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant difference between the UV/VIS, µPAD, and standard atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) assay Ftab= 3.46 is much higher than FStat = 0.13 (Ni) and Ftab= 3.46 is much higher than FStat = 0.02 (Co). Also, a good correlation between results via the three methods was found. Thus, the µPAD platform offers a solid base for providing valuable information outside centralized laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aspired to investigate the human trauma of a society in wartime and thereafter. It focuses on literature that seeks to reflect life as it should be. However, literary works here deal with catastrophic dramas that depict Iraqis who generally suffer from the negative repercussions of the American Crisis and the extreme underdevelopment and poverty at that time. In this paper, the audience faces the disaster in two dramatic works: Baghdadi Bath (2005) by Jawad al-Asadi and Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo (2012) by Rajiv Joseph. They are a good example that depicts the nightmare experienced by all Iraqis during the war. Speaking about the disaster of war, we guess that the disaster may have human roots. The disaster of war on Iraq, in particular, is taken for analysis. The researchers try to denote the nature of man at the time of the disaster. The paper explores the relations between the ideas of war and the world we face and refers to Baghdad's brutal past and its confused present. It also inspects the real reasons behind the war and records the human condition in the consequences of the American invasion of Iraq. To narrow the field of investigation, the researchers have chosen disaster at war, especially the American war on Iraq in 2003, and its results for the study. The paper steps down war and violence and assures peace for people depending on different perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study explores how Ahmed Saadawi's novel, Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013) could be related to the time of COVID-19 through a postmodern lens focusing on post-war issues. The study aims at exploring Saadawi's characters who are used by the writer to represent post-war issues in Iraq. The characters suffer from a kind of hallucination and depression as seen in both their behavior and their routine, everyday lives. They show how their life has no meaning and aim. All this is symbolized by the monster which itself is only the creation of the minds of these depressed people. The study shows how people, who are suffering from postwar issues can also resemble people suffering through the COVID-19 pandemic. The hallucinations of Saadawi's characters resemble those of real-life people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the paper tries to explore how Saadawi's characters resemble humanity in the time of COVID-19. In general, little research has been conducted on the postwar issues represented in Saadawi's novel, Frankenstein in Baghdad, and how the characters themselves in the novel could represent humanity in post-pandemic times. The paper's contribution is to fill the gaps of the previously made points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plants, it is crucial to prioritize the mitigation of CO2 emissions to ensure environmental sustainability. The integration of post-combustion carbon capture technologies plays a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions enhancing the NGCC's environmental profile by minimizing its carbon footprint. This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the integration of solar thermal energy into the Besmaya Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant, located in Baghdad, Iraq. Leveraging advanced process simulation and modeling techniques employing Aspen Plus software, the study aims to evaluate the performance and feasibility of augmenting the existing NGCC facility with solar assistance for post-carbon capture. The primary objective of this research is to conduct a thorough simulation of the Besmaya NGCC power plant under its current operational conditions, thereby establishing a baseline for subsequent analyses. Subsequently, a solar-assisted post-combustion capture (PCC) plant is simulated and seamlessly integrated into the existing power infrastructure. To accurately estimate solar thermal power potential at the Baghdad coordinates, the System Advisor Model (SAM) is employed. The integration of solar thermal energy into the NGCC power plant is meticulously examined, and the resulting hybrid system's technical viability and performance metrics are rigorously evaluated. The paper contributes to the field by providing valuable insights into the technical feasibility and potential benefits of incorporating solar thermal energy into conventional natural gas power generation infrastructure, particularly in the context of the Besmaya NGCC plant in Baghdad. The power generation capacity of the plant was set at 750 MW. With this capacity, the annual CO2 generation was estimated at 2,119,318 tonnes/year which was reduced to 18,064 tonnes/year (a 99% reduction). The findings aim to inform future decisions in the pursuit of sustainable and efficient energy solutions, addressing both environmental concerns and energy security in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), thus it is pursues to improve their performance to stay in the global competitive markets through adopting an efficient manufacturing systems, one of them is lean production (LP). LP is a continuous improvement philosophy that based on using various lean activities to improve enterprise performance by eliminating various type of waste. In this paper, a Lean Level Assessment Methodology is proposed which integrated Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) to identify level of importance of lean activities and assess the level of SMEs leanness concerning five dimensions of lean activities. SMEs lean activities have surveyed through a comprehensive literature review, where twenty six lean activities have identified as the most common SMEs activities that classifying into five lean dimensions. A questionnaire was developed to collect data related to the levels of adoption of these lean activities by SMEs using a triple Likert scale. EFA was used to extract the most influencing lean activities on SMEs leanness based on questionnaire data. FAHP was used to determine the weights and the level of importance of these lean activities, while FTOPSIS was employed to investigate and assess the level of SMEs' leanness related to the five lean dimensions activities. The proposed methodology has applied in four Iraqi SMEs (A1, A2, A3, and A4) for producing healthy water and soft drink in Baghdad. The results have explained that only 19 lean activities are the most influencing on SMEs leanness. Efficient manager is an important lean activity that has 58.90% level of importance. Although the four Iraqi SMEs have approximately acceptable level of leanness related the five lean dimensions, there is variation in adoption these lean dimensions activities by SMEs. SMEs management should develop a continuous improvement strategy based on utilizing SMEs' efforts and resources to improve activities of the weaker dimension for improving their competitiveness and ensuring sustainability in the rapidly changing business environment. One limitation of this paper is the difficulty in obtaining data related to lean activities and their performance through SMEs' processes and activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has been done to know the physical composition of domestic solid waste and to determine the percentages of domestic solid waste components in Tikrit City. Food wastes comprises the highest percentage among other components (about 55.331 % from the total weight of the domestic solid waste). The research also examined the seasonal variations of domestic solid waste components percentages which be considered to be critical when a composting plant or a recycling facility is to be planned to use within the solid waste management system. The main seasonal variation is in food wastes that were typically larger at summer. Packaging wastes like paper and cardboard tended to increase at the winter. The density and moisture content of domestic solid waste were (229.088 kg/m³ and 27.419 %), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt has been made to assess the performance of the third expansion of the Al-Rustamiya wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This plant serves approximately 1,500,000 people in east Baghdad city, the capital of Iraq, and the increase of the population in this part of the city has reached about 4 million which led to deterioration in their effluents quality. Furthermore, the plant has no improvement on their processing units. Al-Rustamiya WWTP uses a biological water treatment method known as the activated sludge process with an average wastewater treatment of about 300 million liters. In the present paper, a wastewater quality data of ten years has been subjected to a multivariate statistical technique to identify the most important factors that affect the performance of the plant and estimating its efficiency. The data was collected and examined by the central laboratory of the Al-Rustamiya wastewater treatment plant in the mayoralty of Baghdad. Factor Analysis has been used to assess the important water quality parameters: pH, Total Suspended Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results revealed that the major factor that affects the performance is the organic load of raw wastewater and the removal efficiency of the WWTP. Furthermore, the results present that the performance of the current plant system is acceptable exclude for the removal efficiency of BOD below the prescribed limit. As well as, The BOD and COD correlation can evaluate wastewater treatment plant efficiency, aid in prompt intervention, and monitor harmful substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FORUM is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oat is a nutritious healthy type of food that is widely consumed by various athletes and diet food in Iraq. This study aims to measure the natural radioactivity of potassium-40, Radium-226, and Radium-228 in rolled oat brands that are widely consumed in Iraq. Five types of oat brands retailed in Baghdad markets were collected and analyzed. A high-purity germanium detector was used for the gamma spectroscopy analysis. The mean activity concentration values of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K ranged from 6.9-10.6, 3.9-6.7, to 210-484 Bq/kg, respectively. The annual effective dose was the highest for a Ukrainian brand with 36.02 µSv/year, while the radium equivalent activity values range from 31.43 to 56.1 Bq/kg. The results of the study have been compared to a number of studies and showed good agreement. The findings of the paper show that regular consumption of these kinds of oats is radiologically safe for human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Service of SMEs at present is categorized by intensive competition and quick changes in client expectations, improving regulatory standards, innovation in technology and increased competition. The review of the literature investigated the relevant studies on digital marketing, and e-commerce, and SME's performance. The theoretical framework was based on the hypothesis of the resource perspective. Built on the central assumption which states that, digital marketing and e-commerce are greatly related to SME's performance. The present paper seeks to describe The Relationship of digital marketing and e-commerce in enhancing Iraqi SMEs. In this research, 228 respondents were investigated within the SMEs services and industries in Baghdad, Iraq. Smart PLS 3.2.9 was used to analyse the results. The results of the paper found a range of assumptions and conclusions are as follows. It was revealed that the increasing interest in handling digital marketing and e-commerce and its effect on the establishment of SME's performance competitiveness. The findings also indicated a positive effect on SME's performance in digital marketing and e-commerce variables. This Mirrors the potential of the sector to offer excellent performance as a strong indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features subset selection (FSS) generally plays an essential role in the implementation of data mining, particularly in the field of high-dimensional medical data analysis, as well as in supplying early detection with essential features and high accuracy. The latest modern feature selection models are now using the ability of optimization algorithms for extracting features of particular properties to get the highest accuracy performance possible. Many of the optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithm, often use the required parameters that would need to be adjusted for better results. For the function selection procedure, tuning these parameter values is a difficult challenge. In this paper, a new wrapper-based feature selection approach called binary teaching learning based optimization (BTLBO) is introduced. The binary teaching learning based optimization (BTLBO) is among the most sophisticated meta-heuristic method which does not involve any specific algorithm parameters. It requires only standard process parameters such as population size and a number of iterations to extract a set of features selected from a data. This is a demanding process, to achieve the best possible set of features would be to use a method which is independent of the method controlling parameters. This paper introduces a new modified binary teaching–learning-based optimization (NMBTLBO) as a technique to select subset features and demonstrate support vector machine (SVM) accuracy of binary identification as a fitness function for the implementation of the feature subset selection process. The new proposed algorithm NMBTLBO contains two steps: first, the new updating procedure, second, the new method to select the primary teacher in teacher phase in binary teaching-learning based on optimization algorithm. The proposed technique NMBTLBO was used to classify the rheumatic disease datasets collected from Baghdad Teaching Hospital Outpatient Rheumatology Clinic during 2016–2018. Compared with the original BTLBO algorithm, the improved NMBTLBO algorithm has achieved a major difference in accuracy. Validation was carried out by testing the accuracy of four classification methods: K-nearest neighbors, decision trees, support vector machines and K-means. Study results showed that the classification accuracy of the four methods was increased for the proposed method of selection of features (NMBTLBO) compared to the BTLBO algorithm. SVM classifier provided 89% accuracy of BTLBO-SVM and 95% with NMBTLBO –SVM. Decision trees set the values of 94% with BTLBO-SVM and 95% with the feature selection of NMBTLBO-SVM. The analysis indicates that the latest method (NMBTLBO) enhances classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, I use Tahrir Square as a case study to examine the significance of space to Iraq's October Revolution. I draw on the work of Henri Lefebvre to argue that the revolution in Tahrir Square was a response to the degradation of space in Baghdad after 2003 and delineate how protesters used space tactically to alter the dynamics of contention in their favour. In addition, I suggest that despite the material space of the revolution coming to an end, protesters nevertheless saw what unfolded there as revolutionary because it allowed them to imagine politics anew for the first time since 2003. In this way, I contribute to work on social movements in the Middle East by highlighting the revolutionary potential of the imagination and centring protesters' understanding of it, therefore challenging academic norms about who gets to create theory. This has also allowed me to undertake a nuanced analysis of the events that unfolded in the square, as the focus on the imagination means that I do not need to claim that social relations changed beyond recognition to argue that something of lasting significance took place during Iraq's October Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of obese patients undergoing weight loss surgeries in Kirkuk City. Background: We can define Obesity as a common factor in the contemporary world. Obesity is a major factor in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and renal disease. It was also linked to various comorbidities. Weight loss surgery has beneficial effects on both Obesity and comorbidities. Patients and methods: This paper examines weight loss surgeries for obese patients using data collected from Baghdad, Iraq, between 16 January 2019 and 15 December 2022. By studying the outcomes of 122 patients, including 89 women (73%) and 33 men (27%), we developed the methodology to assess outcomes; each patient underwent one of several weight-reduction procedures. Results and discussion: Obesity is a severe health problem, and according to Epidemiological studies, Obesity affects approximately 400 million people worldwide. Females outnumbered males in all categories, possibly because women are more susceptible to psychological difficulties and more concerned about the aesthetic implications of Obesity. As a result, our study detected that women have more Obesity than males, where women were 89 and males had 33 cases of 122. Laparoscopic sleeve surgery is considered the most common surgery in the world (LGS), which is well-established in the treatment of morbid Obesity and has a significant impact on weight loss and the risk of comorbidities. This technique resulted in significant weight reduction. Previous studies indicated that having a high BMI increases the risk of operational mortality and complications. Due to that, the Ur study found that laparoscopic gastric sleeve (LGS) got the most cases with 75 of 122 patients. Also, our outcomes found that infections were the highest score of 11 patients who had complications, where there may be an increased risk of site infections. Conclusion: A range of weight loss procedures was employed in Kirkuk City to address morbid Obesity, with all procedures resulting in successful weight loss outcomes. However, LMGB patients showed the most significant benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Baghdad in the mid twelfth century Abū al-Barakāt proposes a radical new procedure for finding the conclusions of premise-pairs in syllogistic logic, and for identifying those premise-pairs that have no conclusions. The procedure makes no use of features of the standard Aristotelian apparatus, such as conversions or syllogistic figures. In place of these al-Barakāt writes out pages of diagrams consisting of labelled horizontal lines. He gives no instructions and no proof that the procedure will yield correct results. So the reader has to work out what his procedure is and whether it is correct. The procedure turns out to be insightful and entirely correct, but this paper may be the first study to give a full description of the procedure and a rigorous proof of its correctness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to identifying to the organizational development in improving the reality of work in the administrative bodies of effective sport clubs in Baghdad, according to available data and capabilities to obtain the results of the research. The descriptive design has been adopted with the analytical survey style to suit the study requirements. The sample of the present study is the administrative bodies of effective sport clubs in Baghdad with (71) clubs and (365) members of the administrative bodies from the population, whose number is (598), a percentage of (61.03). They have been divided according to scientific research procedures (pilot study, construction sample, and application sample), using a scale for the research variable (organizational development) with a questionnaire that includes (5) main domains and (46) items identified according to scientific principles, using the statistical system (SPSS) to process the data, and the most important conclusions show that the sport clubs seem to understand the scientific modernity and the importance of organizational development in improving the performance of the management of sports clubs. In addition to the role of sports culture and contact with other cultures, the management thought is sustainable for the work of sports clubs it also has been shown that diversity in administrative styles and methods helps in changing the work system and its sustainability in order to make a progress with the organized development. It has been recommended to apply the organizational development scale by the administrative bodies of active sport clubs, as it is a major reference for the continuous improvement of the work of sport clubs, increase officials attention in the development of organizational relations .furthermore, giving the real opportunity to express opinions and adopt new ideas, work in a team spirit and, look at the administrative body as an integrated system in its management of the requirements of the work of the clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identifying the results of the clubs participating in the men's Volleyball Premier League for the period from (1991) to (2022), archive the results of the Iraqi clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier League for men for the period from (1991) to (2022), and diagnosing and analyzing the causes of fluctuation in the participation of some Iraqi clubs in the Premier League for men for the period from (1991) to (2022). The nature of the research necessitated that the researcher use the historical approach or the so-called documentary approach, taking advantage of the historical development that took place for the participation of Iraqi clubs for men in the Premier League from (1991) until 2022), the last league held in Baghdad, in order to suit this approach to the objectives of the study, as it is considered the historical approach. The research sample included the Iraqi clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier League for men's volleyball, which numbered (32) participants, as they were chosen by the intentional method, as they fall within the period under study for the period from (1991) to (2022). The reason for choosing the year (1991) came because in this year the Iraqi league and Iraqi sports in general were resumed because of the war, and the reason for choosing the year (2022) was that it was the last league. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that: Many participations of the Iraqi teams in the Iraqi Volleyball Premier League championship are not documented, and therefore there are several advanced positions that were achieved during the period from (1991) to (2022) that are not documented by the authorities concerned with the game (Iraqi Volleyball Federation), and it became clear to us that the most participating club in the Iraqi league is Al-Sina'a Club with (32) participation, followed by Al-Shorta Club and then Al-Bahri Club from (1991 to 2022). One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that: The importance of documenting the participation of Iraqi teams in the Iraqi Premier League in volleyball on an ongoing basis by opening records of participation in the federation and conducting other historical studies of the sports teams and counting their participation in the foreign championships for men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identifying the effect of using exercises associated with ischemia and hyperemia on some immunoglobulins (IgM - IgG) and white blood cells (WBC) in the rehabilitation and treatment of ankle sprain injury on the lateral side of swimmers. The researchers adopted the experimental approach in the style of one group. The researchers identified the research sample, which is represented by the swimmers of the National Center for the Care of Sports Talent in Baghdad Governorate, who were injured in the ankle joint, the lateral side of the second degree, which numbered (8) injured swimmers a specialized committee affiliated with the Department of Sports Medicine in Baghdad, for clinical examination and to ensure the proper functioning of the heart, kidneys and respiratory system, did this after diagnosing the injury and knowing its severity and medical history. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that : The results showed that the exercises in the style of ischemia and hebrima have a positive effect in the treatment and rehabilitation of the lateral lateral sprain of the ankle joint in swimmers, and there is a clear increase in immunoglobulins (IgM - IgG) when the injury occurs directly in the research sample as a result of the defensive role it plays by increasing the activation of the cells of the immune system, which leads to the formation of a strong line of defense against the injury that the player may be exposed to. One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that : Emphasizing the use of therapeutic rehabilitative exercises using the method of ischemia and hyperemia within the vocabulary of the rehabilitative curricula, and relying on the anatomical and mechanical foundations when preparing them for their significant role in the treatment of injury, and necessity of relying on chemical variables when evaluating the rehabilitation curricula for injuries because they give accurate information about the real condition of the injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the library of the Muslims world, 'House of Wisdom', known to the world as 'Bayt Al Hikmah'. The archive was made accessible to the public, where books were translated into Arabic so that the locals could get advantages from it. Not only the books from around the world were interpreted and translated in this library but original books were also produced. The Golden Age of the Muslim period was thus called golden since they acknowledged the importance of knowledge. The subsequent research paper discusses themes, historians and patrons and workings of the House of Wisdom. On the historical basis this research gathers and formulates pertinent evidence and resources about Bayt Al Hikmah and its connected features. Thus a period of political and economic stability came into being, of the Abbasid rule where Baghdad became the pivot of knowledge and understandings. The impact Bayt Al Hikmah left on the libraries was unprecedented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing X-rays and computed tomography-scan (CT scan) images using a convolutional neural network (CNN) method is a very interesting subject, especially after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this paper, a study is made on 423 patients’ CT scan images from Al-Kadhimiya (Madenat Al Emammain Al Kadhmain) hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, to diagnose if they have COVID or not using CNN. The total data being tested has 15000 CT-scan images chosen in a specific way to give a correct diagnosis. The activation function used in this research is the wavelet function, which differs from CNN activation functions. The convolutional wavelet neural network (CWNN) model proposed in this paper is compared with regular convolutional neural network that uses other activation functions (exponential linear unit (ELU), rectified linear unit (ReLU), Swish, Leaky ReLU, Sigmoid), and the result is that utilizing CWNN gave better results for all performance metrics (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score). The results obtained show that the prediction accuracies of CWNN were 99.97%, 99.9%, 99.97%, and 99.04% when using wavelet filters (rational function with quadratic poles (RASP1), (RASP2), and polynomials windowed (POLYWOG1), superposed logistic function (SLOG1)) as activation function, respectively. Using this algorithm can reduce the time required for the radiologist to detect whether a patient has COVID or not with very high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the background and the content of a newly discovered fragment of a table for twilight in a nineteenth-century Hebrew manuscript from Baghdad: MS 1202, Jerusalem, Mossad ha-Rav Kook, fol. 30a-b. This fragment contains the earliest known example in Hebrew of a table that yields twilight: in Table I, the times of sunrise and daybreak (counted from the previous sunset) are listed for each day of the four months that are preserved, where the difference between corresponding entries is the duration of morning twilight. For background, the conditions for the beginning of morning twilight (and the end of evening twilight), and tables based on them, are explored in scientific sources (up to 1916) as well as in some sources that concern twilight for purposes of Jewish ritual, with a focus on tables (up to 1905). In an appendix, two tables on another page in the same manuscript are described (fol. 29b). Table II.1 lists the dates of entry of the Sun into successive zodiacal signs in the course of a year and the corresponding length of day and night, where "day" refers to the time from daybreak to nightfall and "night" from nightfall to daybreak. Table II.2 lists the times of evening prayer and of daybreak for the same dates as in Table II.1. In addition, it is noted that the numerical notation on this page is unusual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faid was a major pilgrim Islamic oasis located 120 km southeast of the Ha'il Province, northwest of Saudi Arabia. It was founded on the major Hajj Road between Baghdad/Kufa and Medina and was developed by Zubaydah bint Ja'far, granddaughter to the Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur (the founder of Baghdad) and wife to the fifth Abbasid Caliph, Harun Ar-Rasid 775-785 CE. Therefore, during the reign of Harun Ar-Rasid Caliph, the major pilgrim road was renamed from Darb Heerah to Darb Zubaydah. The archaeological site in Faid was referenced and described by several travellers and scholars and excavated by the Heritage Commission, Ministry of Culture, Saudi Arabia 1998-2012. From 2014-2022, the University of Ha'il conducted nine fieldwork seasons at the site. The authors directed the last four seasons, which revealed numerous new discoveries from stratified excavations. This study aims to reconstruct the occupation chronology at the site based on stratigraphic contexts and supported by radiocarbon dating, artefact studies, and written resources. Three occupation horizons were identified at the site; the early Abbasid period was the dominant occupation. The resulting radiocarbon calibrated ages were consistent with the preliminary archaeological studies carried out by the authors. The results presented in this paper represent an attempt to reconstruct the chronology of the study site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Review / İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Islamic Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to constructing a measure of psychological disability for young football players under (19) years old, knowing the relationship between the measure of psychological disability and some of the basic skills of football players for youth under (19) years, and knowing the relationship between the measure of psychological disability and the fixed playing conditions of football players for youth under (19) years. The method chosen by the researcher must be suitable for solving a problem. Therefore, the researcher used the descriptive method. The research community is represented by the players of the Baghdad youth clubs teams for the Premier League under (19) years of football for the season (2021/2022), by (330) players representing Baghdad clubs, by (30) players for each club, and the researcher deliberately chose the community, and chose the youth category Under (19) years old, excluding the other categories, due to the clarity of the problem in this category and in a large way, which led to conducting the research. The research sample was divided into three groups: (the construction sample amounted to (110) players) who were subjected to special tests in constructing the psychological disability scale, and the percentage was (40%) of the parent community, (the sample of the reconnaissance experiment amounted to (6) players), and the percentage was (1.557). %) of the parent community, (the main experiment sample included (214) players), and the percentage was (57.441%) of the parent community, knowing that the research community was distributed randomly (lottery), and thus the percentage of the total sample from the research community is (100%) Where the researcher used all members of the community. Table 1 below shows the number of clubs and players for each club, the total number and the sample (construction, exploratory and main). One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that: The scale proved effective in measuring the psychological disability of the sample, the level of psychological disability is inversely related to the level of scoring, and the level of psychological disability is inversely related to the level of head butting. One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that: Using the scale to know the level of psychological disability and its impact on scoring and head-butting the ball, and psychological preparation and attention to age groups to reduce their level of psychological disability to qualify them for higher levels in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)