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Land surface temperature (LST) plays a crucial role in characterizing land surface processes and the energy balance. Accurate monitoring of spatial–temporal variations in LST holds great significance for global and regional climate change research. However, with the increasing of multi-source remote sensing data, it has become a challenging task to construct an LST model that reduces dependence on auxiliary data (such as land surface emissivity (LSE) and atmospheric water vapor content (WVC) synchronized with satellite observations. This study proposed an LST retrieval model based on random forest model (RFLSTR). The results of 10-fold cross-validation showed that the RFLSTR model had high modelling accuracy, the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were lower than 2 K. Landsat 8 images from the Beijing area and South Korea, were utilized to assess the spatial–temporal migration performance of the RFLSTR model. Additionally, Landsat 9 images from South Korea were employed to analyse the sensor migration performance of the RFLSTR model. In conclusion, the findings highlight that the proposed RFLSTR model achieve high retrieval accuracy without relying on auxiliary data (such as LSE and WVC) synchronized with satellite observations. Moreover, the RFLSTR model exhibits robust spatial–temporal capabilities, enhancing the efficiency of LST retrieval and facilitating the utilization of satellite data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: By analyzing the distribution of existing and newly proposed staging imaging features in pT1–3 and pT4a tumors, we searched for a salient feature and validated its diagnostic performance. Methods: Preoperative multiphase contrast-enhanced CT images of the training cohort were retrospectively collected at three centers from January 2016 to December 2017. We used the chi-square test to analyze the distribution of several stage-related imaging features in pT1–3 and pT4a tumors, including small arteriole sign (SAS), outer edge of the intestine, tumor invasion range, and peritumoral adipose tissue. Preoperative multiphase contrast-enhanced CT images of the validation cohort were retrospectively collected at Beijing Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018. The diagnostic performance of the selected imaging feature, including accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, was validated and compared with the conventional clinical tumor stage (cT) by the McNemar test. Results: In the training cohort, a total of 268 patients were enrolled, and only SAS was significantly different between pT1–3 and pT4a tumors. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the SAS and conventional cT in differentiating T1–3 and T4a tumors were 94.4%, 81.6%, and 97.3% and 53.7%, 32.7%, and 58.4%, respectively (all p < 0.001). In the validation cohort, a total of 135 patients were collected. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the SAS and the conventional cT were 93.3%, 76.2%, and 96.5% and 62.2%, 38.1%, and 66.7%, respectively (p < 0.001, p = 0.021, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Small arteriole sign positivity, an indirect imaging feature of serosa invasion, may improve the accuracy of identifying T4a colon cancer. Clinical relevance statement: Small arteriole sign helps to distinguish T1–3 and T4a colon cancer and further improves the accuracy of preoperative CT staging of colon cancer. Key Points: • The accuracy of preoperative CT staging of colon cancer is not ideal, especially for T4a tumors. • Small arteriole sign (SAS) is a newly defined imaging feature that shows the appearance of tumor-supplying arterioles at the site where they penetrate the intestine wall. • SAS is an indirect imaging marker of tumor invasion into the serosa with a great value in distinguishing between T1–3 and T4a colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Aggression is common and challenging in psychiatric emergency departments (PED). However, the prevalence of aggression and its correlates in PED patients are not well documented. This study compared the prevalence of aggression between patients with acute schizophrenia and manic episodes.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients at a psychiatric emergency department were assessed with measurements of aggression, psychotic and manic symptoms.Results: A total of 4,172 patients were included. The prevalence of aggression was 54.8% (95%CI=53.3%-65.2%) in the whole sample, with 48.0% (95%CI=45.8%-50.1%) in patients with an acute schizophrenia episode, and 61.8% (95%CI=59.8%-63.9%) in patients with a manic episode. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, within the acute schizophrenia episode group, male gender (OR=1.47, P<0.01), involuntary admission (OR=3.61, P<0.01) and more severe manic symptoms (OR=1.30, P<0.01) were significantly associated with aggression. Within the manic episode group, living in Beijing (OR=1.51, P<0.01), unemployment (OR=1.34, P=0.03), involuntary admission (OR=7.93, P<0.01), lower education (OR=0.95, P=0.01) and more severe psychotic symptoms (OR=1.05, P<0.01) were significantly associated with aggression.Conclusion: In this study, aggression appeared to be more common among patients with a manic episode than those with an acute schizophrenia episode. Considering the significant risk of aggression on psychiatric emergency care, appropriate and effective management of aggression in this population group need to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely known with a high incidence rate worldwide, but the correlation between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the number of lymph nodes in CRC patients remains unclear. In the present study, we enrolled 305 CRC patients (122 females and 183 males) at Beijing Hospital in China. A total of 17 PFAS were detected in serum samples of these patients, and 5 PFAS with detection rates >75% were selected in this study. The CRC patients' number of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and total lymph nodes (TLNs) were chosen as outcomes. Poisson regression models were used to analyze the associations between single PFAS and number of MLNs and TLNs. Quantile g-Computation models were performed to examine the joint effect of PFAS mixtures on number of MLNs and TLNs. A positive correlation between serum PFAS levels and number of MLNs was identified. For instance, the numbers of MLNs in patients with serum PFOA, PFNA, 6:2 Cl-PFESA concentrations at the 95th percentile were 27% (95% CI: 1%, 60%), 35% (95% CI: 1%, 82%), 87% (95% CI: 4%, 238%) higher compared with the threshold level. The results of Quantile g-Computation models also showed that every quantile increase in PFAS mixtures was associated with a 4.67%, (95% CI: 0.07%, 9.48%) increase in the numbers of MLNs, and PFOS dominated the effects of the mixtures. Moreover, a negative correlation between PFAS mixtures and number of TLNs in patients with no MLNs was also observed. The present study suggested that exposure to PFAS may worsen the prognosis of CRC patients. These findings could help guide future research and public health policies aimed at reducing exposure to PFAS and mitigating their potential impacts on human health. [Display omitted] • Five of the 17 PFAS were frequently detected in serum of 305 colorectal cancer patients. • Higher PFAS mixtures were associated with elevated number of metastatic lymph nodes. • PFOS dominated the effects of the PFAS mixtures on number of metastatic lymph nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]