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Background: Screening for Tuberculosis (TB) is a critical tactic for minimizing the prevalence of illness within schools. Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT), in turn, effectively staves off the development of TB from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Unfortunately, there is limited research on LTBI and TPT among students. This study aimed to assess LTBI among freshmen in Changping District and advocate for the implementation of TPT. Methods: The prospective study collected data from 12 educational institutions within the Changping District of Beijing. The Kolmogorov − Smirnov test and other statistical methods were used for statistical analysis, x 2 was obtained using the formula x 2 = nΣA2/nRnC-1, df = (C-1) (R-1). We analyzed potential factors impacting the LTBI rate, and scrutinized the possible causes behind the low application of TPT and its efficacy for LTBI treatment, China. Results: Among 19,872 freshmen included in this study, 18 active TB cases (91 per 10,0000) and 2236 LTBI cases (11.6% of 19,223) were identified, respectively. Furthermore, of those with LTBI, 1045 (5.4% of 19,223) showed a strong positive for purified protein derivative (PPD), but only 312 opted for TB preventive treatment. There appeared to be no significant difference in the prevalence of LTBI and TPT rate between male and female students. Concurrently, 11 (71 per 100,000) and 7 (158 per 100,000) cases of active tuberculosis were identified in 6 universities and 6 higher vocational colleges, respectively. Interestingly, almost all freshmen who underwent TPT came from universities, suggesting a statistically significant disparity in TPT rate (χ2 = 139.829, P < 0.001) between these two types of educational institutions. Meanwhile, as for the age-wise distribution of latent infection among 17–20 years old freshmen, the LTBI rate exhibited 10.5%, 11.6%, 12.1% and 13.5%, respectively. Correlation between LTBI rate, the strong positive rate was statistically significant among different ages (χ2 = 34.559, P < 0.001). Over a follow-up period of 2 years, three students were diagnosed with active tuberculosis, one of which was resistant to rifampicin. All three students manifested a strong positive for PPD and declined preventive treatment during TB screening. Conclusions: The data indicates a high rate of LTBI amongst students in areas with a heavy TB burden, potentially leading to cross-regional TB transmission due to the migration of students. Education level might contribute to the limited uptake of TPT. Therefore, improving the implementation of TB preventive treatments is crucial in controlling and preventing TB across schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fate of nine tri-OPFRs in sludge was studied in a WWTP in Beijing, China. • Sludge contained high concentrations of tri-OPFRs (971.48–1,702.22 ng/g). • Mass flow of tri-OPFRs showed seasonal decreases. • The dehydration unit removed the most tri-OPFRs during sludge treatment. • Ecological risk of OPFRs in treated sludge was reduced. Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are emerging environmental pollutants that cause endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Sewage sludge is an important source of tri-OPFRs that are released into the environment. The occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of OPFRs in the full-scale "Cambi® thermal hydrolysis (TH) + advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) + plate-frame pressure filtration" sludge treatment process is closely related to the application of sewage sludge. We tested sludge samples from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. Nine tri-OPFRs were detected in the sludge samples collected at different treatment units during four seasons. The ΣOPFRs decreased from 1,742.65–2,579.68 ng/g to 971.48–1,702.22 ng/g. The mass flow of tri-OPFRs in treated sludge decreased by 61.4%, 48.9%, 42.4%, and 63.9% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, effectively reducing the corresponding ecological risk. The ecological risk of tri-OPFRs in sludge in forestland utilization mainly lies in chlorinated tri-OPFRs, especially TCPP and TCEP. No >42.20 t/hm2 of sludge could be used continuously for one year to prevent tri-OPFRs from exceeding the low ecological risk level, indicating that the current commonly applied proportion of sludge (1.6–30 t/hm2) will likely not raise the ecological risk of tri-OPFRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese indigenous pork is preferred by consumers because of its unique nutritional and flavor characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acid contents and reheating volatile compounds (i.e., warmed-over flavor (WOF)) of the biceps femoris muscle of four Chinese indigenous (i.e., Guangdong small-ear spotted, GSS; hill black, HB; Beijing black, BB; Qingyu, QY) and one hybrid (i.e., Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, DLY) pig breeds. Principal component analysis of 20 fatty acids and 30 reheating volatiles showed that five pig breeds could clearly be distinguished from each other. Among the pig breeds studied, GSS showed the lowest WOF contents and odor activity values (OAVs) (1251.87 μg/kg and 1111.64, respectively). Differences in WOF content and OAV among the four other breeds did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that C16:1, C18:1, and C18:2 may be the key fatty acids of WOF formation. This study provides a new strategy for reducing the WOF of precooked meat products. [Display omitted] • 20 fatty acids and 30 reheating volatiles were identified in different pig breeds. • Five kinds of porks were clearly discriminated by chemometrics analysis. • C16:1, C18:1, and C18:2 exhibited strong positive correlation with WOF indicators. • The WOF in GSS pork was significantly lowest based on content and OAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]